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Was it the Dominicans or the Franciscans? -- Error 01:44, 23 Dec 2003 (UTC)
The data dump of 21:25, Nov 17, 2004 by user:137.132.3.7 (proxy server for the National University of Singapore) seems to be from the public domain, see [1]. olivier 22:15, Nov 20, 2004 (UTC)
I took out the following paragraph, as it doesn't add anything to this section.
What does it exactely mean, that some even pretended that the Church declared Confucius as a Christian saint. Who? European intellectuals in China, Jesuit missonaries in China, some intellectuals in Europe? Some men/women of importance? Gugganij 28 June 2005 22:30 (UTC)
Just stumbled upon this page, and don't have time to fix this properly, but the passage
Appears after only one order (Dominicans) has been mentioned. From reading some of the rest of the text it seems to me like the other order is the Jesuits, so I suggest the above sentence be rewritten to explain that. -- Cotoco 08:59, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
The controversy existed primarily between the Dominicans who were in Fuijan province and the Franciscans in Tokin/Cochinchina (Vietnam area)against the Jesuit accommodationist practices first developed my Matteo Ricci in the sixteenth century and continued by the Jesuits thereafter. The Dominicans first raised objections about the borrowing of Confucian terms, the leniency on converts participating in the civil Confucian ceremonies, the veneration of ancestors (similar to unorthodox veneration of charms or objects not worthy of worship) and other ambiguous cultural activities that hovered between social and spiritual importance. There was not a clear line of Jesuit vs. Dominican/Franciscan groups, since one Jesuit superior disapproved of these accommodating policies and another Dominican supported them, sending a letter to Rome on behalf of the Jesuits in East Asia. The Dominicans (largely Spanish) played the major opponents of the Jesuits (mainly Portuguese) and the matter became entangled with national loyalties, colonial politics, and economic enterprises. -- Dcmcmurtry ( talk) 04:38, 30 December 2008 (UTC)
My Catholic church celebrates Chinese rites including ancestral honorings (not worship) during Chinese new year's
something strange in Clement's bull 1. in Clement's bull apostolic authority wasn't invoked 2. Translation of a phrase is a linguastic issue and has nothing to do with faith. though of the two english words "Heavenly Lord" and "Supreme Emporer" which is acceptable is a matter of faith. it's obvious Clement didn't understand Chinese. The one who possibly explained the meaning of these words is Charles Maigrot whose Chinese was judged "woefully inadequate" by kang xi. so when Clement XI was banning the word "Heavenly Lord" he actually banned "Tian Zhu"/"T'ien Chu" as "Shangdi" means "Supreme Emperor" see meaning of "Shangdi"(sœng dai cantonese) and "Tian Zhu" (tin dzü in cantonese) here http://www.cantonese.ca/religion.php The meaning of the bull is made clear when Clement repeated God should be referred to as God of heaven, of Earth and of everything. it's obvious "Heavenly Lord" is unacceptable instead of "Supreme Emperor". In Benedict XIV's bull ex quo singulari(I haven't found it) it says only "Tian Zhu" is acceptable. this caused great confusion. also the translation of "Catholic Church" in Chinese is "Tian Zhu Jiao" (Tin dzü gau in Cantonese) which corresponds to "Heavenly Lord's Religion"!
Another explanation for this mess: Clement XI understood Tian Zhu is "Heavenly Lord" and thought it's acceptable, the phrase "(Shangdi)" was added by someone else who thought "Heavenly Lord" and "Shangdi" were the same. However Clement XI and Benedict XIV both mistook "Shangdi" for "ShangTian/Shangtin". "Shangtian/Shangtin" indeed means heaven and should be banned. In one of the most unbelievable event the title "ex quo singulari" is translated "Zi ShangZhu ShengYi"-- "From the holy will of the Supreme Lord" if only "Heavenly Lord" is acceptable, then how come the translation of "Supreme Lord"? if "Supreme Lord" is acceptable then "Supreme Emporer" is also acceptable.
The same problem also exist in Vietnamese. What is more I've read a Catholic Vietnamese Bible where the word "angel" is translated as "Thiên Thần" which means "Heavenly god"!
What should be said about Clement and Benedict? They shouldn't venture into a field they're neither familiar nor protected by the Holy Ghost, made mistakes, created a confusion and did the Catholic Church a disservice. They could have simply banned refering to God as Heaven without addressing the meaning of each Chinese word
I fully agree with Clement and Benedict on their other points like confucius and ancestor worship.
Note: This article has a very small number of in-line citations for an article of its size and currently would not pass criteria 2b.
Members of the
Wikipedia:WikiProject Good articles are in the process of doing a re-review of current
Good Article listings to ensure compliance with the standards of the
Good Article Criteria. (Discussion of the changes and re-review can be found
here). A significant change to the GA criteria is the mandatory use of some sort of in-line citation (In accordance to
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Agne 22:45, 25 September 2006 (UTC)
This article does not meet 2a or 3a of the WP:WIAGA. This article needs a massive expansion and more sources. Until this is done, it cannot be a GA article. Z1720 06:51, 4 July 2007 (UTC)
I try to improve this article, with the aim to make it GA again, by cleaning up the problematic texts and adding reliable sources. The below are the problematic texts removed from the previous version. --( comparingChinese Wikipedia vs Baidu Baike by hanteng) 16:48, 19 February 2013 (UTC)
rites and offerings to the [[Emperor of China|emperor]] constituted [[idolatry]]. [[Pope]] [[Clement XI]] decided in favor of the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] (who argued that Chinese folk religion and offerings to the emperor were incompatible with [[Catholicism]]), which greatly reduced Catholic [[missionary]] activity in [[China]]. It was related to larger controversies between the [[Dominicans]] and [[Jesuits]] over the adoption of local practices of other countries, such as the ascetic [[brahmin]] practices of India.{{Citation needed|reason=not clear what it is here|date=February 2010}} (The debate was not, as is sometimes thought, about whether the liturgy could be in Chinese rather than in Latin){{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}. Although in later European commentary on China it has continued to be claimed that Confucianism is a "philosophy" and not a "religion" — because it does not conform to the model of western religions — {{subst:Unsigned|1=Hanteng|2=17:18, 19 February 2013 (UTC)}} <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
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Reviewer: Tomcat7 ( talk · contribs) 16:10, 25 February 2013 (UTC)
Tomcat's comments are to the point, detailed and helpful. I hope that I have addressed all of them satisfactorily. However, given the limitations on the coverage of the literature and WP:due policy, I am not sure if I can answer all the factual questions raised by Tomcat based on the sources available (e.g. who are the eight popes and what were the Chinese response to Kangxi's ban?) Nonetheless, I appreciate Tomcat's questions and am open to any further suggestions to make it closer to the GA status. --( comparingChinese Wikipedia vs Baidu Baike by hanteng) 13:13, 4 March 2013 (UTC)
It is false that when America was colonized and later evangelized, Catholicism or Christianity was implanted "umodified". It was so much modified that indigenous practices continued under the disguise of Christian rites. Examples vary and remain up today, like the Day of the Death in Mexico.
Christian faith had to be blended also to many of the Native American´s vocabulary and customes. Not for nothing in Mexico (where I am from) almost every chapel or church from the XVI century is over an indigenous temple or ruins. The reason? The native Americans still went to pray to their monoliths, so, the missionaries buried those monoliths under the church´s grounds or crosses in the patios so the people went to the church and "hear the word of God" -- 201.141.135.50 ( talk) 21:39, 10 December 2013 (UTC)
We are told that Spain and Portugal used force in America. Nothing is said about the use of force in the same area by England. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.253.253.219 ( talk) 17:47, 16 February 2016 (UTC)
I have just removed the following short section from the article: {{see also|Jesuit China missions|Suppression of the Jesuits}} [[Pope Clement XIV]] dissolved the [[Society of Jesuits]] in 1773, on the issue over Jesuit accommodation policy; in particular, the 1773 decree did not accept that Chinese Rites can be placed on equal footing with Europe and Christianity.<ref name="BrownTackett2006-a">{{cite book|author1=Stewart J. Brown|author2=Timothy Tackett|title=Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 7, Enlightenment, Reawakening and Revolution 1660-1815|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLG0mqIZ55IC&pg=PA463|accessdate=4 March 2013|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-81605-2|page=463|quote = According to the 1773 decree, in which Pope Clement XIV dissolved the Society of Jesuits, the key issue was the Jesuit accommodation policy; it was unacceptable for the Jesuits to have placed China and Confucianism on equal footing with Europe and Christianity.}}</ref>
This does not warrant a action of its own, and the claim that the main reason for suppressing the Jesuits was the rites controversy is incorrect as can be seen by reading the papal brief referred to, Dominis ad redemptor. Mccapra ( talk) 06:01, 22 January 2017 (UTC)
The current title makes no sense. "Chinese Rites" is not a title or proper name: they're just the traditional rites of the people of China. The controversy itself could be a proper name but we seem divided about this. There's Investiture Controversy, Archpriest Controversy, and Antinomian Controversy but Osiandrian controversy, Vestments controversy, Essjay controversy, Engagement controversy, Easter controversy, &c. Perhaps the best thing would be to keep this page similar to the Great Rites Controversy, but the caps seem more natural there. — LlywelynII 03:36, 16 May 2017 (UTC)
There's more detail (with sources) at Francois Noel, the page for one of the Jesuits who attempted to argue the last round of the controversy before the papacy. In particular, the page currently suffers some WP:BIAS w/r/t to the Chinese response. It was much more thoughtful, drawn out, and justified than "they got mad" and Maigrot in particular needs to be called out both for his influence and for the extreme ignorance he displayed of the issues involved, when tested on them.
Apart from the lack of this treatment bring the GA status into question, the attempts to introduce more detail about Maigrot currently in the article seem to have some grammar issues. — LlywelynII 23:08, 1 January 2018 (UTC)
We hear that America was conquered by Spain and Portugal. This is partly true, but Britain and others are not mentioned. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 31.53.53.217 ( talk) 13:46, 2 October 2018 (UTC)
This article jumps from 1737 to 1939 without discussing what happened in between. Was the ban on Christian missionary activity and the Roman Catholic Church ever reversed following 1737, and before the end of the Qing Dynasty? 173.88.246.138 ( talk) 16:16, 9 May 2020 (UTC)
Chinese Rites controversy has been listed as one of the History good articles under the good article criteria. If you can improve it further, please do so. If it no longer meets these criteria, you can reassess it. | |||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Current status: Good article |
This article is rated GA-class on Wikipedia's
content assessment scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Was it the Dominicans or the Franciscans? -- Error 01:44, 23 Dec 2003 (UTC)
The data dump of 21:25, Nov 17, 2004 by user:137.132.3.7 (proxy server for the National University of Singapore) seems to be from the public domain, see [1]. olivier 22:15, Nov 20, 2004 (UTC)
I took out the following paragraph, as it doesn't add anything to this section.
What does it exactely mean, that some even pretended that the Church declared Confucius as a Christian saint. Who? European intellectuals in China, Jesuit missonaries in China, some intellectuals in Europe? Some men/women of importance? Gugganij 28 June 2005 22:30 (UTC)
Just stumbled upon this page, and don't have time to fix this properly, but the passage
Appears after only one order (Dominicans) has been mentioned. From reading some of the rest of the text it seems to me like the other order is the Jesuits, so I suggest the above sentence be rewritten to explain that. -- Cotoco 08:59, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
The controversy existed primarily between the Dominicans who were in Fuijan province and the Franciscans in Tokin/Cochinchina (Vietnam area)against the Jesuit accommodationist practices first developed my Matteo Ricci in the sixteenth century and continued by the Jesuits thereafter. The Dominicans first raised objections about the borrowing of Confucian terms, the leniency on converts participating in the civil Confucian ceremonies, the veneration of ancestors (similar to unorthodox veneration of charms or objects not worthy of worship) and other ambiguous cultural activities that hovered between social and spiritual importance. There was not a clear line of Jesuit vs. Dominican/Franciscan groups, since one Jesuit superior disapproved of these accommodating policies and another Dominican supported them, sending a letter to Rome on behalf of the Jesuits in East Asia. The Dominicans (largely Spanish) played the major opponents of the Jesuits (mainly Portuguese) and the matter became entangled with national loyalties, colonial politics, and economic enterprises. -- Dcmcmurtry ( talk) 04:38, 30 December 2008 (UTC)
My Catholic church celebrates Chinese rites including ancestral honorings (not worship) during Chinese new year's
something strange in Clement's bull 1. in Clement's bull apostolic authority wasn't invoked 2. Translation of a phrase is a linguastic issue and has nothing to do with faith. though of the two english words "Heavenly Lord" and "Supreme Emporer" which is acceptable is a matter of faith. it's obvious Clement didn't understand Chinese. The one who possibly explained the meaning of these words is Charles Maigrot whose Chinese was judged "woefully inadequate" by kang xi. so when Clement XI was banning the word "Heavenly Lord" he actually banned "Tian Zhu"/"T'ien Chu" as "Shangdi" means "Supreme Emperor" see meaning of "Shangdi"(sœng dai cantonese) and "Tian Zhu" (tin dzü in cantonese) here http://www.cantonese.ca/religion.php The meaning of the bull is made clear when Clement repeated God should be referred to as God of heaven, of Earth and of everything. it's obvious "Heavenly Lord" is unacceptable instead of "Supreme Emperor". In Benedict XIV's bull ex quo singulari(I haven't found it) it says only "Tian Zhu" is acceptable. this caused great confusion. also the translation of "Catholic Church" in Chinese is "Tian Zhu Jiao" (Tin dzü gau in Cantonese) which corresponds to "Heavenly Lord's Religion"!
Another explanation for this mess: Clement XI understood Tian Zhu is "Heavenly Lord" and thought it's acceptable, the phrase "(Shangdi)" was added by someone else who thought "Heavenly Lord" and "Shangdi" were the same. However Clement XI and Benedict XIV both mistook "Shangdi" for "ShangTian/Shangtin". "Shangtian/Shangtin" indeed means heaven and should be banned. In one of the most unbelievable event the title "ex quo singulari" is translated "Zi ShangZhu ShengYi"-- "From the holy will of the Supreme Lord" if only "Heavenly Lord" is acceptable, then how come the translation of "Supreme Lord"? if "Supreme Lord" is acceptable then "Supreme Emporer" is also acceptable.
The same problem also exist in Vietnamese. What is more I've read a Catholic Vietnamese Bible where the word "angel" is translated as "Thiên Thần" which means "Heavenly god"!
What should be said about Clement and Benedict? They shouldn't venture into a field they're neither familiar nor protected by the Holy Ghost, made mistakes, created a confusion and did the Catholic Church a disservice. They could have simply banned refering to God as Heaven without addressing the meaning of each Chinese word
I fully agree with Clement and Benedict on their other points like confucius and ancestor worship.
Note: This article has a very small number of in-line citations for an article of its size and currently would not pass criteria 2b.
Members of the
Wikipedia:WikiProject Good articles are in the process of doing a re-review of current
Good Article listings to ensure compliance with the standards of the
Good Article Criteria. (Discussion of the changes and re-review can be found
here). A significant change to the GA criteria is the mandatory use of some sort of in-line citation (In accordance to
WP:CITE) to be used in order for an article to pass the
verification and reference criteria. It is recommended that the article's editors take a look at the inclusion of in-line citations as well as how the article stacks up against the rest of the Good Article criteria. GA reviewers will give you at least a week's time from the date of this notice to work on the in-line citations before doing a full re-review and deciding if the article still merits being considered a Good Article or would need to be de-listed. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact us on the Good Article project
talk page or you may contact me personally. On behalf of the Good Articles Project, I want to thank you for all the time and effort that you have put into working on this article and improving the overall quality of the Wikipedia project.
Agne 22:45, 25 September 2006 (UTC)
This article does not meet 2a or 3a of the WP:WIAGA. This article needs a massive expansion and more sources. Until this is done, it cannot be a GA article. Z1720 06:51, 4 July 2007 (UTC)
I try to improve this article, with the aim to make it GA again, by cleaning up the problematic texts and adding reliable sources. The below are the problematic texts removed from the previous version. --( comparingChinese Wikipedia vs Baidu Baike by hanteng) 16:48, 19 February 2013 (UTC)
rites and offerings to the [[Emperor of China|emperor]] constituted [[idolatry]]. [[Pope]] [[Clement XI]] decided in favor of the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] (who argued that Chinese folk religion and offerings to the emperor were incompatible with [[Catholicism]]), which greatly reduced Catholic [[missionary]] activity in [[China]]. It was related to larger controversies between the [[Dominicans]] and [[Jesuits]] over the adoption of local practices of other countries, such as the ascetic [[brahmin]] practices of India.{{Citation needed|reason=not clear what it is here|date=February 2010}} (The debate was not, as is sometimes thought, about whether the liturgy could be in Chinese rather than in Latin){{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}. Although in later European commentary on China it has continued to be claimed that Confucianism is a "philosophy" and not a "religion" — because it does not conform to the model of western religions — {{subst:Unsigned|1=Hanteng|2=17:18, 19 February 2013 (UTC)}} <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
GA toolbox |
---|
Reviewing |
Reviewer: Tomcat7 ( talk · contribs) 16:10, 25 February 2013 (UTC)
Tomcat's comments are to the point, detailed and helpful. I hope that I have addressed all of them satisfactorily. However, given the limitations on the coverage of the literature and WP:due policy, I am not sure if I can answer all the factual questions raised by Tomcat based on the sources available (e.g. who are the eight popes and what were the Chinese response to Kangxi's ban?) Nonetheless, I appreciate Tomcat's questions and am open to any further suggestions to make it closer to the GA status. --( comparingChinese Wikipedia vs Baidu Baike by hanteng) 13:13, 4 March 2013 (UTC)
It is false that when America was colonized and later evangelized, Catholicism or Christianity was implanted "umodified". It was so much modified that indigenous practices continued under the disguise of Christian rites. Examples vary and remain up today, like the Day of the Death in Mexico.
Christian faith had to be blended also to many of the Native American´s vocabulary and customes. Not for nothing in Mexico (where I am from) almost every chapel or church from the XVI century is over an indigenous temple or ruins. The reason? The native Americans still went to pray to their monoliths, so, the missionaries buried those monoliths under the church´s grounds or crosses in the patios so the people went to the church and "hear the word of God" -- 201.141.135.50 ( talk) 21:39, 10 December 2013 (UTC)
We are told that Spain and Portugal used force in America. Nothing is said about the use of force in the same area by England. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.253.253.219 ( talk) 17:47, 16 February 2016 (UTC)
I have just removed the following short section from the article: {{see also|Jesuit China missions|Suppression of the Jesuits}} [[Pope Clement XIV]] dissolved the [[Society of Jesuits]] in 1773, on the issue over Jesuit accommodation policy; in particular, the 1773 decree did not accept that Chinese Rites can be placed on equal footing with Europe and Christianity.<ref name="BrownTackett2006-a">{{cite book|author1=Stewart J. Brown|author2=Timothy Tackett|title=Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 7, Enlightenment, Reawakening and Revolution 1660-1815|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLG0mqIZ55IC&pg=PA463|accessdate=4 March 2013|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-81605-2|page=463|quote = According to the 1773 decree, in which Pope Clement XIV dissolved the Society of Jesuits, the key issue was the Jesuit accommodation policy; it was unacceptable for the Jesuits to have placed China and Confucianism on equal footing with Europe and Christianity.}}</ref>
This does not warrant a action of its own, and the claim that the main reason for suppressing the Jesuits was the rites controversy is incorrect as can be seen by reading the papal brief referred to, Dominis ad redemptor. Mccapra ( talk) 06:01, 22 January 2017 (UTC)
The current title makes no sense. "Chinese Rites" is not a title or proper name: they're just the traditional rites of the people of China. The controversy itself could be a proper name but we seem divided about this. There's Investiture Controversy, Archpriest Controversy, and Antinomian Controversy but Osiandrian controversy, Vestments controversy, Essjay controversy, Engagement controversy, Easter controversy, &c. Perhaps the best thing would be to keep this page similar to the Great Rites Controversy, but the caps seem more natural there. — LlywelynII 03:36, 16 May 2017 (UTC)
There's more detail (with sources) at Francois Noel, the page for one of the Jesuits who attempted to argue the last round of the controversy before the papacy. In particular, the page currently suffers some WP:BIAS w/r/t to the Chinese response. It was much more thoughtful, drawn out, and justified than "they got mad" and Maigrot in particular needs to be called out both for his influence and for the extreme ignorance he displayed of the issues involved, when tested on them.
Apart from the lack of this treatment bring the GA status into question, the attempts to introduce more detail about Maigrot currently in the article seem to have some grammar issues. — LlywelynII 23:08, 1 January 2018 (UTC)
We hear that America was conquered by Spain and Portugal. This is partly true, but Britain and others are not mentioned. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 31.53.53.217 ( talk) 13:46, 2 October 2018 (UTC)
This article jumps from 1737 to 1939 without discussing what happened in between. Was the ban on Christian missionary activity and the Roman Catholic Church ever reversed following 1737, and before the end of the Qing Dynasty? 173.88.246.138 ( talk) 16:16, 9 May 2020 (UTC)