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This page claims that Hollywood authors movies on DVD at 24 frames per second. The DVD-Video page only mentions 25 and 29.97 frames per second as valid encodings. This seems like a direct factual conflict. Neither article has much in the way of references (but I haven’t tagged them as such quite yet). If anybody knows the answer and can cite sources, please fix the article(s) and/or add citations. MacMog ( talk) 04:02, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
About 90% of material in the 24p atricle is devoted to explaining Telecine methods. This is wrong as Telecine has a dedicated Wikipedia page. Useful information about telecine must be merged into the Telecine page, and then removed from the 24p page.
I appreciate your comments, but I still think that this article needs improvement and that the changes I made could be worked into the text rather than just obliterated.
About high motion
I don't see how it causes "problems" for home movies? Home movies were at one time shot on film (eg. 8mm) and surely this is not a problem for people? Associating interlaced video with home movies is based on an expectation, as with news. I'd argue that a documentary might use a high-motion format for the same reason, but not that it necessarily introduces any problems. What is the meaning of "problems" here?
oddball workflow
My change was basically the same as the 2 frames for 3 fields description. It's a matter of frames vs fields, not speed-up. Speed-up is the most common method, of course, but if you're going to mention the duplication method, I think it's better to simplify this as duplicating a frame. From what I have read, this is common pratice, as opposed to bothering with fields. Of course, this is only when speed-up is not used, which is rare.
What is the "most" video editors comment based on? There is wide support for 25 FPS if nothing else, so it is misleading to claim that "most video editors are designed for 30 frames per second".
Most editors are designed for NTSC and PAL, only high end ones are designed for any form of 24p. Algr 20:32, 14 June 2006 (UTC)
"To avoid this, American movies and 24p video are usually sped up to 25 hz for viewing - but this can create audio problems"
Speeding up the film does cause problems. Obviously, speeding up the video means that the audio no longer matches. I think it is important to elaborate on this point. Either the audio is sped up - making it a semitone too high - or it has to be compressed with pitch correction. The most common is probably speeding it up; a change that you don't have to be an audio expert to notice.
I also object to the use of Hz (the "H" should be capitalised) instead of FPS. This could be confusing for people and FPS is more easily understood. FPS is a specific term that applies here, while Hz is more global term.
(Ironically NTSC nations have no motion problems with either 24 hz or Europe's 25 hz.)
First off, the use of parentheses here is incorrect and this is at least the second instance of such incorrect usage. Secondly, I disagree that the situation is "ironic". Although I would tend to agree that 25-to-30 FPS conversion is relatively problem-free, I'm not sure that everyone will agree. I again object to the use of Hz instead of FPS and if 25 FPS is going to be called "Europe's" then 24 FPS ought to be called "film's". I understand that my solution was convoluted, but I think this version is unacceptable and should be re-done.
Lastly, if you noticed errors in the original text, have they been corrected?
Sorry about the revert Eradicator, but while some of it was good, it added as many problems as it fixed, particularly in the disadvantages section. I thought it might be better if we take the changes one at a time.
(I wrote some other things and then noticed that the errors were there before and you only moved them. I want to get this posted before you reply, so I'll go straight to the disadvantages section: )
This breaks an important cause-and-effect relationship. The lack of High Motion directly causes problems for home movies, documentaties ect. But the effect on news credibility is much more intangible and based on viewer expectations.
What I described was not a timing problem, it was lost data. Timing problems in video are usually about syncing two signals together, (For example picture with sound, or subtitles.) 3:2 pulldown doesn't effect this directly, although other issues do.
Only a very oddball workflow would result in this, any pro would avoid it. 4% speedup is what is usually preferred, and field duplication is the second choice.
This rephrasing is just more confusing, and obscures the point by reducing it to a list of numbers.
As far as I am aware, the "speeding up" process of converting from 24P to PAL-compliant video is very common and quite un-problematic. I live in a PAL country, and all of our movie titles, e.g. those on DVD are obviously converted from 24 fps film up to 25p/50i PAL video... with no noticeable problems.
The reason is that converting 24p to PAL's 50 hz scan rate would require 2 frames in each second of video to be held for 3 video fields instead of two. The viewer would thus see motion stutter twice per second.
This is a convoluted way of explaining it, because it assumes 3:2 pulldown is the standard - which may be true in NTSC countries, but is quite irrelevant in PAL countries because the speed-up method is preferred anyway.
I don't think it's entirely accurate to say that:
the resolution of 24P DV is no higher than regular video when viewed on a television screen-- a point of confusion for many film and video makers
I assume that regular video = 60i. Most 60i cameras will use rowpair summation, which decreases the vertical resolution to about 360 lines. http://digitalcontentproducer.com/shoot/video_progressive_need_know/
For a filmout, 24p is obviously superior (although PAL 25p is arguably better than NTSC 24p). For television, we may eventually hit a point where most displays are progressive and can interpret 24p signals and not try to de-interlace them.
---
Although resembling film look in color and motion, the resolution of 24p DV is no higher than regular video when viewed on a television screen - a point of confusion for many film and video makers. When viewed on a computer screen however, progressive scan retains twice the vertical resolution than the otherwise requisite de-interlaced video one would have if not shot as progressive scan in the first place.
I removed that info because the claims are unqualified; if you qualified them, then it would make more sense.
Interlaced video is not half resolution on a computer scheme if a decent de-interlacer is being used. Glennchan 03:47, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
Is there perhaps too much panasonic evangelism in this article? I certainly agree that the DVX100 is a notable camera for being the first DV camera (and the first 'affordable' cameras) to do 24p. However, the mention of the HVX200 isn't really relevant in this article (and neither is the Canon). Glennchan 03:47, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
Is anyone else besides Panasonic doing this "Advanced Pulldown"? It seems to me that with HDV cams all over, this may already be obsolete. Algr 15:02, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
I suggest pointing out more clearly the relationship between the 23.976fps and NTSC, a video standard used in some parts of the world, such as North America. PAL countries shoot video at 25fps, so the "film effect" of low frame rate is not necessary. And in PAL, converting from 24.000fps film to 25.000fps video is not through 3-2 pull down, but by speeding up the film or duplicating 1 frame every second. Stephen B Streater 22:50, 20 December 2006 (UTC)
This article, same as the telecine and filmizing articles, does not really answer the question of what the difference between 24p and 25p (PAL) is for the average viewer, assuming both were recorded using digital cameras. There is a lot of hype over 24p, yet I could find no explanation of why video filmed at 24p is allegedly so different to video filmed at 25p. Overlooking viewing equipment framerate issues (or assuming the video is being watched on a computer which has no pulldown problems since it can play all framerates), can anyone really tell the difference between 24p and 1 frame per second more? In my opinion a 1 fps difference is indistiguishable, and even if an experienced eye can perhaps spot that the video being watched is 24p and not 25p, would the difference be great enough to cause this much hype?
Please explain what all the 24p filmlook hype is about for the average viewer, and if there really is no noticeable difference, then it might be a good idea to mention that 24p in digital cameras is not much more than marketing hype, a gimmick, created by digita camera manufacturers.
(please note, I am fully aware of what properties recording on traditional film has, of the larger dynamic level of film, etc. My confusion is about what makes 24p THAT WAS RECORDED USING A DIGITAL CAMERA so different to eg. 25p also recorded using a digital camera.)
DrSlony
11:16, 28 September 2007 (UTC)
Hello all... I am interested in Digital cinema, (i.e. 'video to movie film transfer) so HDV and 24p is of extreme interest. (Not hype, if camera specs are valid) Since Film frame rates were established at the beginning of sound as being 24 FPS (And not a higher rate like 30 or 60 due to expense and size of film stock) this was a form of ' Analog Compression' of the information. Early projection of film at 24 had a problem of causing headaches and vertigo, (thus they were called "Flickers") so to hide artifacts, multi-blade shutters for projection were used. Each frame in a cinema is flashed on the screen 3 times, then advanced to the next frame- this is above the 'normal' human perception. NTSC TV was developed to synch with the 60 hertz of the N.A. power grid. So even though the resolution of TV was LOWER than cinema, it looked Smoother because it was OVER sampling 'movement' every 60th of a second- also higher than 'normal' perception. (Interlacing was ingenious method to SAVE bandwidth ) This was early ELECTRONIC analog compression. To show a 24th of a second Higher image resolution sample on a "lower" resolution 60th of a second medium, they came up with the 2:3:3: pulldown where some frames of film are shown twice... Also when USA films were shown in England on 50 hertz Film projectors that projected at 25, it caused some slowdown of the image but most audiences just figured Americans talked and moved that way... ( I assume that now films are projected there at 24FPS) But since English film (Esp. for TV) IS shot at 25 FPS, they have fewer problems transferring film to PAL, since their grid operates at 50 hertz and 25 divides into that much easier. The many issues and problems of choosing between all these different sampling systems is just HD & HDV & 21st Century Cinema inheriting the dilemmas of past 'solutions'. I Like the 24p on my hdv cam for the reason that it keeps the total chip vertical resolution of 1080 pixels progressive and I take the hit of losing over HALF'Bold text' my 'Temporal resolution' ( 60 minus 36 = 24 images per second) ... which is smoothed over by shooting at a rigid 48th of a second shutter speed -letting any fast moving part of the image smear slightly! (Which is what FILM does!) This can then be transfered to either film, video, or web and still start out at an impressive resolution. If I have any errors in this please let me know. Thanks! 208.74.106.71 20:24, 7 October 2007 (UTC)(MattBD)
I notice this section: "48p has twice the (video-like) motion (temporal resolution) of 24p, but also requires twice the bandwidth and data storage."
I'm not sure where this information came from and my guess is it is speculation. Obviously for uncompressed footage one would expect double the bandwidth to be required, but in all honesty most of today's video editing world works with slightly compressed intermediaries. Consider Panasonic's HVX200 and HMC150, both of which can shoot in 24p, 30p, or 60p. In all practicalities there is very little file size difference, because the extra frames in 60p footage are so similar (visually) to the frames next to it. Compression algorithms have a pretty easy time incorporating those extra frames without making the file sizes significantly larger.
I haven't independently verified this fact but I've heard it in passing. Maybe there's an analysis somewhere. -- Oreckel ( talk) 23:46, 23 June 2009 (UTC)
That needs to be made clear in the very first sentence. Thanks. Softlavender ( talk) 07:15, 30 October 2009 (UTC)
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!
-- JeffGBot ( talk) 05:39, 19 June 2011 (UTC)
"DVDs, however, are capable of storing the native 24p frames. Every Hollywood movie is laid to disc as a 24p (actually 23.976p – see below) stream. With a progressive-scan DVD player and a progressive display, such as an HDTV, only the progressive frames are displayed and there is no conversion to an interlaced format – eliminating the appearance of any interlace or de-interlacing artifacts. When displayed on a standard NTSC TV (which only displays 60i) the DVD player will add 3:2 pulldown to the signal."
This confused me. The wording seems to imply that pulldown would only be needed on a standard NTSC display, but isn't it true that pulldown is needed on any display, including progressive ones that only display at 30 fps?
http://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Talk:24p&action=edit§ion=new#
Htjunkie ( talk) 14:35, 1 October 2011 (UTC)
In the Section titles “23.976p” “Some … actually have a frame rate of 24000 ÷ 1001, or 23.976023 frames per second. … This is because the "30 frame/s" frame rate of NTSC is actually 30/100.1%, also referred to as 29.97 frame/s”
This unsourced statement is inaccurate. The frame rates are calculated as 0.1% slower than their non-fractional counterparts. Thus the frame rates discussed are 30fps & 29.97fps, and 24fps and 23.976fps. The listed math and the figure “23.976023 repeating” are not from any standards body or reliable source. 107.179.173.217 ( talk) 15:51, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
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This page claims that Hollywood authors movies on DVD at 24 frames per second. The DVD-Video page only mentions 25 and 29.97 frames per second as valid encodings. This seems like a direct factual conflict. Neither article has much in the way of references (but I haven’t tagged them as such quite yet). If anybody knows the answer and can cite sources, please fix the article(s) and/or add citations. MacMog ( talk) 04:02, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
About 90% of material in the 24p atricle is devoted to explaining Telecine methods. This is wrong as Telecine has a dedicated Wikipedia page. Useful information about telecine must be merged into the Telecine page, and then removed from the 24p page.
I appreciate your comments, but I still think that this article needs improvement and that the changes I made could be worked into the text rather than just obliterated.
About high motion
I don't see how it causes "problems" for home movies? Home movies were at one time shot on film (eg. 8mm) and surely this is not a problem for people? Associating interlaced video with home movies is based on an expectation, as with news. I'd argue that a documentary might use a high-motion format for the same reason, but not that it necessarily introduces any problems. What is the meaning of "problems" here?
oddball workflow
My change was basically the same as the 2 frames for 3 fields description. It's a matter of frames vs fields, not speed-up. Speed-up is the most common method, of course, but if you're going to mention the duplication method, I think it's better to simplify this as duplicating a frame. From what I have read, this is common pratice, as opposed to bothering with fields. Of course, this is only when speed-up is not used, which is rare.
What is the "most" video editors comment based on? There is wide support for 25 FPS if nothing else, so it is misleading to claim that "most video editors are designed for 30 frames per second".
Most editors are designed for NTSC and PAL, only high end ones are designed for any form of 24p. Algr 20:32, 14 June 2006 (UTC)
"To avoid this, American movies and 24p video are usually sped up to 25 hz for viewing - but this can create audio problems"
Speeding up the film does cause problems. Obviously, speeding up the video means that the audio no longer matches. I think it is important to elaborate on this point. Either the audio is sped up - making it a semitone too high - or it has to be compressed with pitch correction. The most common is probably speeding it up; a change that you don't have to be an audio expert to notice.
I also object to the use of Hz (the "H" should be capitalised) instead of FPS. This could be confusing for people and FPS is more easily understood. FPS is a specific term that applies here, while Hz is more global term.
(Ironically NTSC nations have no motion problems with either 24 hz or Europe's 25 hz.)
First off, the use of parentheses here is incorrect and this is at least the second instance of such incorrect usage. Secondly, I disagree that the situation is "ironic". Although I would tend to agree that 25-to-30 FPS conversion is relatively problem-free, I'm not sure that everyone will agree. I again object to the use of Hz instead of FPS and if 25 FPS is going to be called "Europe's" then 24 FPS ought to be called "film's". I understand that my solution was convoluted, but I think this version is unacceptable and should be re-done.
Lastly, if you noticed errors in the original text, have they been corrected?
Sorry about the revert Eradicator, but while some of it was good, it added as many problems as it fixed, particularly in the disadvantages section. I thought it might be better if we take the changes one at a time.
(I wrote some other things and then noticed that the errors were there before and you only moved them. I want to get this posted before you reply, so I'll go straight to the disadvantages section: )
This breaks an important cause-and-effect relationship. The lack of High Motion directly causes problems for home movies, documentaties ect. But the effect on news credibility is much more intangible and based on viewer expectations.
What I described was not a timing problem, it was lost data. Timing problems in video are usually about syncing two signals together, (For example picture with sound, or subtitles.) 3:2 pulldown doesn't effect this directly, although other issues do.
Only a very oddball workflow would result in this, any pro would avoid it. 4% speedup is what is usually preferred, and field duplication is the second choice.
This rephrasing is just more confusing, and obscures the point by reducing it to a list of numbers.
As far as I am aware, the "speeding up" process of converting from 24P to PAL-compliant video is very common and quite un-problematic. I live in a PAL country, and all of our movie titles, e.g. those on DVD are obviously converted from 24 fps film up to 25p/50i PAL video... with no noticeable problems.
The reason is that converting 24p to PAL's 50 hz scan rate would require 2 frames in each second of video to be held for 3 video fields instead of two. The viewer would thus see motion stutter twice per second.
This is a convoluted way of explaining it, because it assumes 3:2 pulldown is the standard - which may be true in NTSC countries, but is quite irrelevant in PAL countries because the speed-up method is preferred anyway.
I don't think it's entirely accurate to say that:
the resolution of 24P DV is no higher than regular video when viewed on a television screen-- a point of confusion for many film and video makers
I assume that regular video = 60i. Most 60i cameras will use rowpair summation, which decreases the vertical resolution to about 360 lines. http://digitalcontentproducer.com/shoot/video_progressive_need_know/
For a filmout, 24p is obviously superior (although PAL 25p is arguably better than NTSC 24p). For television, we may eventually hit a point where most displays are progressive and can interpret 24p signals and not try to de-interlace them.
---
Although resembling film look in color and motion, the resolution of 24p DV is no higher than regular video when viewed on a television screen - a point of confusion for many film and video makers. When viewed on a computer screen however, progressive scan retains twice the vertical resolution than the otherwise requisite de-interlaced video one would have if not shot as progressive scan in the first place.
I removed that info because the claims are unqualified; if you qualified them, then it would make more sense.
Interlaced video is not half resolution on a computer scheme if a decent de-interlacer is being used. Glennchan 03:47, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
Is there perhaps too much panasonic evangelism in this article? I certainly agree that the DVX100 is a notable camera for being the first DV camera (and the first 'affordable' cameras) to do 24p. However, the mention of the HVX200 isn't really relevant in this article (and neither is the Canon). Glennchan 03:47, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
Is anyone else besides Panasonic doing this "Advanced Pulldown"? It seems to me that with HDV cams all over, this may already be obsolete. Algr 15:02, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
I suggest pointing out more clearly the relationship between the 23.976fps and NTSC, a video standard used in some parts of the world, such as North America. PAL countries shoot video at 25fps, so the "film effect" of low frame rate is not necessary. And in PAL, converting from 24.000fps film to 25.000fps video is not through 3-2 pull down, but by speeding up the film or duplicating 1 frame every second. Stephen B Streater 22:50, 20 December 2006 (UTC)
This article, same as the telecine and filmizing articles, does not really answer the question of what the difference between 24p and 25p (PAL) is for the average viewer, assuming both were recorded using digital cameras. There is a lot of hype over 24p, yet I could find no explanation of why video filmed at 24p is allegedly so different to video filmed at 25p. Overlooking viewing equipment framerate issues (or assuming the video is being watched on a computer which has no pulldown problems since it can play all framerates), can anyone really tell the difference between 24p and 1 frame per second more? In my opinion a 1 fps difference is indistiguishable, and even if an experienced eye can perhaps spot that the video being watched is 24p and not 25p, would the difference be great enough to cause this much hype?
Please explain what all the 24p filmlook hype is about for the average viewer, and if there really is no noticeable difference, then it might be a good idea to mention that 24p in digital cameras is not much more than marketing hype, a gimmick, created by digita camera manufacturers.
(please note, I am fully aware of what properties recording on traditional film has, of the larger dynamic level of film, etc. My confusion is about what makes 24p THAT WAS RECORDED USING A DIGITAL CAMERA so different to eg. 25p also recorded using a digital camera.)
DrSlony
11:16, 28 September 2007 (UTC)
Hello all... I am interested in Digital cinema, (i.e. 'video to movie film transfer) so HDV and 24p is of extreme interest. (Not hype, if camera specs are valid) Since Film frame rates were established at the beginning of sound as being 24 FPS (And not a higher rate like 30 or 60 due to expense and size of film stock) this was a form of ' Analog Compression' of the information. Early projection of film at 24 had a problem of causing headaches and vertigo, (thus they were called "Flickers") so to hide artifacts, multi-blade shutters for projection were used. Each frame in a cinema is flashed on the screen 3 times, then advanced to the next frame- this is above the 'normal' human perception. NTSC TV was developed to synch with the 60 hertz of the N.A. power grid. So even though the resolution of TV was LOWER than cinema, it looked Smoother because it was OVER sampling 'movement' every 60th of a second- also higher than 'normal' perception. (Interlacing was ingenious method to SAVE bandwidth ) This was early ELECTRONIC analog compression. To show a 24th of a second Higher image resolution sample on a "lower" resolution 60th of a second medium, they came up with the 2:3:3: pulldown where some frames of film are shown twice... Also when USA films were shown in England on 50 hertz Film projectors that projected at 25, it caused some slowdown of the image but most audiences just figured Americans talked and moved that way... ( I assume that now films are projected there at 24FPS) But since English film (Esp. for TV) IS shot at 25 FPS, they have fewer problems transferring film to PAL, since their grid operates at 50 hertz and 25 divides into that much easier. The many issues and problems of choosing between all these different sampling systems is just HD & HDV & 21st Century Cinema inheriting the dilemmas of past 'solutions'. I Like the 24p on my hdv cam for the reason that it keeps the total chip vertical resolution of 1080 pixels progressive and I take the hit of losing over HALF'Bold text' my 'Temporal resolution' ( 60 minus 36 = 24 images per second) ... which is smoothed over by shooting at a rigid 48th of a second shutter speed -letting any fast moving part of the image smear slightly! (Which is what FILM does!) This can then be transfered to either film, video, or web and still start out at an impressive resolution. If I have any errors in this please let me know. Thanks! 208.74.106.71 20:24, 7 October 2007 (UTC)(MattBD)
I notice this section: "48p has twice the (video-like) motion (temporal resolution) of 24p, but also requires twice the bandwidth and data storage."
I'm not sure where this information came from and my guess is it is speculation. Obviously for uncompressed footage one would expect double the bandwidth to be required, but in all honesty most of today's video editing world works with slightly compressed intermediaries. Consider Panasonic's HVX200 and HMC150, both of which can shoot in 24p, 30p, or 60p. In all practicalities there is very little file size difference, because the extra frames in 60p footage are so similar (visually) to the frames next to it. Compression algorithms have a pretty easy time incorporating those extra frames without making the file sizes significantly larger.
I haven't independently verified this fact but I've heard it in passing. Maybe there's an analysis somewhere. -- Oreckel ( talk) 23:46, 23 June 2009 (UTC)
That needs to be made clear in the very first sentence. Thanks. Softlavender ( talk) 07:15, 30 October 2009 (UTC)
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!
-- JeffGBot ( talk) 05:39, 19 June 2011 (UTC)
"DVDs, however, are capable of storing the native 24p frames. Every Hollywood movie is laid to disc as a 24p (actually 23.976p – see below) stream. With a progressive-scan DVD player and a progressive display, such as an HDTV, only the progressive frames are displayed and there is no conversion to an interlaced format – eliminating the appearance of any interlace or de-interlacing artifacts. When displayed on a standard NTSC TV (which only displays 60i) the DVD player will add 3:2 pulldown to the signal."
This confused me. The wording seems to imply that pulldown would only be needed on a standard NTSC display, but isn't it true that pulldown is needed on any display, including progressive ones that only display at 30 fps?
http://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Talk:24p&action=edit§ion=new#
Htjunkie ( talk) 14:35, 1 October 2011 (UTC)
In the Section titles “23.976p” “Some … actually have a frame rate of 24000 ÷ 1001, or 23.976023 frames per second. … This is because the "30 frame/s" frame rate of NTSC is actually 30/100.1%, also referred to as 29.97 frame/s”
This unsourced statement is inaccurate. The frame rates are calculated as 0.1% slower than their non-fractional counterparts. Thus the frame rates discussed are 30fps & 29.97fps, and 24fps and 23.976fps. The listed math and the figure “23.976023 repeating” are not from any standards body or reliable source. 107.179.173.217 ( talk) 15:51, 22 April 2023 (UTC)