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The use of a color photograph for Kennedy and a black-and-white photograph for Nixon is evidence of the liberal bias of the article. Why not use a color photograph of Nixon? John Paul Parks ( talk) 12:48, 14 April 2010 (UTC)
This is a very good article, but it fails to mention an issue that was prominent in the campaign and has been mentioned in numerous books about the 1960 election: the so-called "missile gap". Kennedy made effective use of the charge that under the Eisenhower-Nixon administration the Soviets had built up a large lead in the numbers of nuclear missiles, and that the U.S. had a "missile gap". Eisenhower and Nixon both disputed this assertion, but it helped Kennedy's overall theme that America had become complacent under Ike and that he would get America moving again. After his election Kennedy discovered that the missile gap was real - but it was in our favor, as we had the lead over the Soviets. I think this issue, given its prominence and the help it gave to JFK, should be mentioned at some point in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.145.229.162 ( talk) 06:24, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
Whatever ignorant swine thought Barry Goldwater ran for the nomination, or that Orvile Faubus ran is a dumb idiot. There were five candidates I deleted on this because THEY NEVER SOUGHT THE NOMINATION. And if they didn't, they shouldn't be listed as a candidate. Who the hell created this article and put these pictures up? The same shit is going on in the elections of the 50's and the rest of this decade. It makes me furious. Just because someone was a significant senator at the time, or a significant governor, doesn't mean they ran for president. Only put official candidates, and make a catergory specifying "potention candidates who did NOT run". Otherwise, people think these guys are official candidates instead of speculated people who could make a run. There is a huge difference and you are miseducating the American people.
I agree completely with the above statement. These articles are long enough as it is without adding a completely irrelevant section showing photos of people who never actually ran for President! The list of photos for "possible candidates" could be endless. Frankly, I also disagree with the idea of showing photos of every minor candidate in a given election, as it greatly increases the length of the article. It seems to me that the articles should focus on the written word, and not be cluttered up with (in some campaigns) dozens of photos of minor candidates or even those who never actually ran for office. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.145.229.162 ( talk) 06:08, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
If anyone is needing infofmation on this election, I wrote a paper on it last year. User:The_stuart/The_Day_Television_Picked_the_President -- The_stuart 01:35, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
MM... there is a lotta crap in the article like teh "baked potato" and"yor mother" among others. Someone needs to clean this up
This article states: because he injured his knee on the way to the studio while the article Richard Nixon states: was feeling sick, having recently injured his knee while campaigning Anyone want to clear up this inconsistancy? -- 130.184.31.21 21:26, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
There is nothing in the article about the Illinois results and the presumed links between Kennedy and the Chicago mafia. Maybe somone could correct it.-- Revas 22:51, 9 July 2005 (UTC)
Because it's made up modern mudslinging. The Kennedy's didn't have a connection to the mafia. That'd be too dangerous, and there were plenty of legal ways to make money. JPK Sr. was not a bootlegger for that aforementioned fact (and the bootlegger idea is where the mafia myth comes from). He played the Stock Market and was involved in Hollywood, and imported liquor but only after prohibition ended. That being said, there were probable fraud in Cook County on the Democrats part, but that was it. For the GOP's part, they controlled most of the rest of Illinois counties and they were committing fraud in Southern Illinois. So there wasn't any mob involvement, but there was fraud, but both sides were doing it.-- 67.240.156.83 ( talk) 00:03, 1 October 2010 (UTC)
Why is the graphic depiction of electoral votes skewed? Rarely nowadays does one see democratic votes colored red and and republican votes blue. -- maru (talk) Contribs 20:52, 15 January 2006 (UTC)
maru's original post has been copied to Wikipedia talk:Style for U.S. presidential election, yyyy#Electoral picture peculiarity since he has seen fit to copy this to many other U.S. presidential election talk pages. Please direct your responses there.
— DLJessup ( talk) 21:45, 15 January 2006 (UTC)
Why are the blue/red colors framing the photographs of Kennedy and Nixon inconsistent with the colors of the map. The colors of the photographs should be swapped to match the map. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.254.147.8 ( talk) 15:57, 5 December 2007 (UTC)
Because some idiot decided to retrofit the old election pages with the current Dem=Blue GOP=Red color scheme, even though it was the other way around until 1980. Someone should change the candidate colors back, since in 1960, the Democrats were Red and the Republicans were blue, as reflected in the electoral map there. 142.177.154.189 ( talk) 01:29, 11 May 2008 (UTC)
To start off with, I recently reverted a change by an anonymous user, which was identical to an edit by Australia boy. When I did so, I used “reverted vandalism” as the edit summary. This was intemperate, and is borne of frustrations in my life outside of Wikipedia, so I apologize for that.
Nonetheless, I am annoyed by these changes, and I wish to explain why. First of all, in an attempt to be as precise as possible, the Democratic vote in 1960 is split into three lines: one for votes that can be attributed to John Kennedy, one for votes which went to slates of unpledged electors, and one for Alabama, which had a mixed slate of Kennedy-pledged electors and unpledged electors. It should be noted that all of the unpledged electors, inside and outside Alabama, did not vote for Kennedy. How many voters casting their ballots for the Democratic slate were voting for Kennedy and how many were segregationists voting for the unpledged electors is unknown and unknowable because of the mixed slate. The table is carefully footnoted to explain each of these lines.
Nevertheless, there have been many clumsy attempts to “fix” the results table. First, people began just adding back the Alabama voters without even removing the footnote that explains that that figure lacks the Alabama voters. More recently, people have been adding back the Alabama voters and removing the footnote. In neither case have the editors attempting a fix removed the PV for the Alabama electors under "(Alabama Democratic slate)", meaning that if you actually added up the PV Count column, the total would be greater than the figure in the Total row, and the PV percentages would add up to more than 100%.
The problem, of course, is that some editors feel that Kennedy is somehow disparaged by the fact that he may not have gotten a plurality of the popular vote in his contest with Nixon. I disagree with this point of view: 100 years earlier, Lincoln only managed to get a plurality of the popular vote because the Democrats were split—his PV was less than 40%—yet would have won a majority of the electoral college even if the Democrats had not been split down the middle in spite of his unpopularity with the slavocrats. Do we think any less of Lincoln because of this? Kennedy only missed a plurality because of Southern segregationists (which is a plus in my book), and he still got the sort of broad geographic support that the Electoral College requires for victory.
Is there anything I can do about this? How about this for the results table:
Presidential candidate | Party | Home state | Popular vote | Electoral vote |
Running mate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count | Percentage | Vice-presidential candidate | Home state | Electoral vote | ||||
John Fitzgerald Kennedy | Democratic | Massachusetts | between 33,902,681 and 34,220,984(a) |
between 49.3% and 49.8%(a) |
303 | Lyndon Baines Johnson | Texas | 303 |
Richard Milhous Nixon | Republican | California | 34,108,157 | 49.6% | 219 | Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. | Massachusetts | 219 |
Harry Flood Byrd | (none) | Virginia | —(b) | —(b) | 15 | James Strom Thurmond | South Carolina | 14 |
Barry Morris Goldwater(c) | Arizona | 1(c) | ||||||
( unpledged electors) | Democratic | (n/a) | between 286,359 and 604,662(d) |
between 0.4% and 0.9%(d) |
—(e) | (n/a) | (n/a) | —(e) |
Other | 216,982 | 0.3% | — | Other | — | |||
Total | 68,832,482 | 100% | 537 | 537 | ||||
Needed to win | 269 | 269 |
Hopefully, that will make it clearer that Kennedy's PV is a range of possibilities.
— DLJessup ( talk) 23:27, 13 February 2006 (UTC)
I believe "Other" for VP electoral votes should be "1" not "0" since, according to the article, 14 unpledged electors voted for Thurmond for VP and 1 unfaithful elector from OK voted for Goldwater for VP.
JKruton ( talk) 23:56, 18 December 2009 (UTC)
The notion that Nixon "won" the debate among radio listeners while losing among TV watchers has become part of American political folklore, but I recall reading a letter in the New York Times a few years ago arguing that the proof of this alleged fact was quite shaky. Specifically, whereas the polling of TV watchers was well structured from a statistical perspective, the sample of radio listeners was too small for the results to be considered conclusive. Until I have the source to dispute this fact, I don't want to change the article. Has anyone else heard of this data? -- 70.18.192.220 16:08, 26 February 2006 (UTC)
I believe the question was first raised in the following article: Vancil, D. L., & Pendell, S. D. (1987), The Myth of Viewer-Listener Disagreement in the First Kennedy-Nixon Debate, Central States Speech Journal, 38, 16-27. My recollection is that the authors determined that the radio/television myth was based on a single newspaper article citing an anectodal report of a small, non-scientific sampling in Georgia. The myth has endured as a fable of sorts about the powerful message it relates about television and its impact on style over substance. meyerlondon 23:38, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
The invaluable Mark Blumenthal (aka MysteryPollster) addressed this question recently, citing Vancil/Pendell and other sources. I have updated the item based on his summary. 67.109.103.194 17:26, 26 June 2007 (UTC)
Let's drop unsourced speculation that Ike might have run except for 22nd amdt. Not true. He strongly believed in the no 3rd term tradition that the amendment codified. Rjensen 14:04, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
The following was written and then collided with Rjensen's post above:
Response to Rjensen's post and his most recent changes:
I just saw your changes to the introduction: thank you.
— DLJessup ( talk) 14:19, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
The text of the second graf of controversies used to read:
Rjensen has modified to read as follows:
This change is problematic for several reasons:
This is not to say that the original graf doesn't have issues:
In any case, I am restoring the original graf with the two most recently mentioned issues fixed.
— DLJessup ( talk) 03:31, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
OK, I'm just revised the “Results” section again on this issue. Here are the changes I made:
— DLJessup ( talk) 04:07, 5 April 2006 (UTC)
RICHARD NIXON PHOTO The photo that currently exists currently exists for Nixon under "Runner Up" at the top is his official presidential photo. But, in 1960, he was not President yet, only Vice President. Could someone please put a photo under Runner Up from his VP years (such as his official VP photo, if such a thing exists)? Thanks. Nopm 01:41, 11 August 2007 (UTC)
Let me clarify: What I meant was, the 1960 election was NOT the one that made Nixon President - the 1968 election was. Therefore, Nixon received his Official Presidential Portrait (the one displayed under "Runner Up" on this page) as a result of winning the election in 1968, not in 1960. In 1960, people thought that Nixon's highest office would only be VP, not Pres. For comparison purposes, since Reagan won the 1980 election, it is highly appropriate to put his Official Portrait up in the 1980 page - because the 1980 election made him President, even if he was not actually president until 1981. But since, as a result of the 1960 election, Nixon only remained Vice President, I believe that his VP portrait (or a picture from his VP years) would be better. As another way of illustration: In 1960, Nixon was 47 years old. In 1968, Nixon was 55 years old. However, in this page about 1960 (when Nixon was 47), we have a picture of him when he was 55. To me, this does not make sense. Please advise. Nopm 00:09, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
THANK YOU!!! :)) Much more time-appropriate picture of Nixon. Thanks to whomever put it up. Nopm 22:26, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
KENNEDY NOT LAST PREZ FROM NORTHEAST Kennedy was NOT the last President from the Northeast, as is frequently stated, including at the bottom of this Wikipedia entry - so I will remove that reference. Who was the last Northeastern Prez? None other than Nixon himself, who served from New York from January 20, 1969 until January 20, 1973. (He served from California from January 20, 1973 until August 9, 1974, and he also served from California during his Vice Presidential terms and also from California during his Congressional terms). He moved from California to New York for his first Presidential term. Nopm 22:37, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
I have to voice my concern that this format is hurting the article. I will post this on a few notable election pages and hope that it's noticed. I have to admire the determination of whoever came up with this idea (it's apparently on every page) but ultimately, I think it should go. I think that having "winner/runner-up" displayed so prominently in the infobox overshadows the importance of the election. Some of these elections were not mere contests, but were epic events in American history where a variety of important viewpoints were symbolically represented and voted upon. Just in the last 50 years, the notable political climates of 1968 and 2004 came to a boiling point around election time. We should not be placing so much emphasis on the "winner" and the "runner-up" -- this is not a spelling bee. If we condense this into who "won" we are doing a disservice to the issues that drove these elections. SpiderMMB 23:18, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
The argument for the theory that Nixon won the popular vote in 1960 is the existence of six unpledged Democratic electors in the state of Alabama. It is said that since these electors considered themselves unpledged, and since they voted for Harry Byrd instead of John Kennedy, that only five-elevenths of the votes in Kennedy votes in Alabama should be counted, or that the Kennedy votes in this state should not be counted at all. It is impossible for the Democratic Party to have had any unpledged electors in 1960. The Democratic Party had a national nominee for President, Kennedy, and all Democratic electors had to either vote for the nominee of the party or be considered faithless electors. In January 1960 the Alabama State Democratic Executive Committee announced that it would not administer a loyalty oath binding electors to vote for the party nominee (New York Times January 24, 1960 page 48). As a result, six of the eleven Democratic elector candidates elected in the primary refused to pledge to vote for the nominee. Had this oath been administered, then all eleven of Alabama's Democratic electors would have supported Kennedy. However, the purpose of the primary election was not to determine which electors are pledged or unpledged. Nor was the purpose of the primary to determine which candidate the electors will vote for. The purpose of the primary was to select Democratic electors, who would be expected to vote for their party's nominee.
The situation in 1960 was complicated even further by the existence of a third slate of electors in Mississippi, who referred to themselves as “unpledged Democratic electors” and who, having won a plurality of the vote, cast their eight electoral votes for Byrd. These electors were put on the ballot by Governor Ross Barnett of Mississippi, a fire-breathing segregationist, and by the Mississippi Democratic State Convention, convened at Barnett's request. They had nothing to do with the national Democratic Party and were not endorsed by them. There was a separate slate of Democratic electors in Mississippi pledged to Kennedy, who finished in second place in that state. The Byrd electors in Mississippi were Democratic in name only. They were officially listed on the Mississippi ballot as an unpledged elector slate.
The Alabama Democratic electors, on the other hand, were the Democratic party's official electors. Five of them believed that electors had an obligation to vote for the nominee of their party, and the other six saw themselves as "free agents". Electors who view themselves as free agents are generally thought of as being as "faithless electors". Because of this, they ought to be viewed as obligated to vote for their party's nominee, and votes cast for them ought to be counted as having been cast for the nominee.
The correct way of counting the vote in 1960 is to credit Kennedy with the votes of the top Democratic elector in Alabama, who won 324,050 votes, and to credit Nixon with the votes of the top Republican elector in Alabama, who won 237,981 votes. These votes must then be added to the Kennedy and Nixon votes in the other forty-nine states to arrive at a nationwide popular vote total of 34,226,731 votes for Kennedy and 34,108,157 votes for Nixon. Kennedy’s nationwide plurality was therefore 118,574 votes.
65.94.58.129 02:40, 13 October 2007 (UTC)
I think this line is misleading. If the metric being described is victory margin, then Bush's popular vote margin was negative, and thus less. (And, oh dear, now there shall be an argument over whether 2000 was in the 20th century.) Tempshill 21:52, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
Without in any way suggesting that I am a fan of the candidacy of Harry F. Byrd, I'm curious why his picture isn't featured in the infobox for this article, as are pictures of third-party candidates who captured electoral votes in other U.S. presidential elections (see, e.g., United States presidential election, 1912, United States presidential election, 1924, United States presidential election, 1948). Any particular reason? -- JohnPomeranz ( talk) 21:40, 17 December 2007 (UTC)
Was Byrd even a formal candidate for president? Also, I can't find corroboration for Goldwater declaring himself as Byrd's running mate. If no one can come up with something, I'll delete it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.66.245.73 ( talk) 00:58, 20 February 2008 (UTC) I am answering your question. Byrd was not an official candidate, (I found that out on a sight other than Wikipedia, because people who make this page do a terrible job), but disheartened electors pledged their electorate votes for Byrd, versus Nixon, which is what they were assigned. Goldwater never ran with Byrd, the (I think) 9 disheartened electorates put Goldwater on as a running mate. Someone also has to stop putting non-candidates in this election, and all the other ones. It's making me furious. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cooman456 ( talk • contribs) 06:46, 24 February 2008 (UTC)
Someone has now listed Strom Thurmond as Harry Byrd's running mate in 1960; given that Byrd wasn't an active candidate and made no campaigning, I don't see why Thurmond (or anyone else) should be listed as his "running mate". I don't think photos of any candidates should be shown at the top; links to the candidate's names will provide an article with photos - it seems to me that the candidate photos are just cluttering up the articles on presidential campaigns instead of providing information.
"Earl Mazo, a reporter for the pro-Nixon New York Herald Tribune," The New York Herald is desribed as "pro-Nixon". Where is the supporting evidence? If there editorial board endorsed Nixon then say so. But implying the paper is "pro-Nixon" implies the paper had a motive to falsify a story that Cook County cheated Nixon.
Also the 450,000 victory margin in Cook County, Illinois does not jive with the 1960 voting numbers provided in the wiki "Cook County". Which numbers are correct? Felixnietzsche ( talk) 17:15, 6 February 2008 (UTC)
I wish the article could go into a little more depth about the reason for the Kennedy win in this election. Many of the reasons given a true on a micro-scale (e.g., Nixon looked bad on television, a flip comment from Eisenhower), and given the context it seems would not make a huge differences in the election. Articles from previous years usually talked about things on a more major scale, or it was easy to figure out (e.g., McCarthyism in 1952, split of a party in 1860 or 1912, weariness in 1920, etc.). It would be nice if the article could talk more about why, in a time of economic prosperity following a Republican rule and a foreign threat in the Soviets, the country suddenly decided to turn its course. The only possibilies I can think of would be a) the charismatic personality of Kennedy, b) jadedness with McCarthyist rhetoric (though that should have shown up in 1956), and c) the beginning of the 60s era social revolution. Thoughts? The Evil Spartan ( talk) 05:46, 11 April 2008 (UTC)
Actually, in an election this close the "micro-scale" things could, and did, make all the difference. The first debate alone probably cost Nixon the election, as he was slightly ahead in most polls before the first debate and was considerably better-known than Kennedy (Vice-President for 8 years vs. a U.S. Senator). Certainly Kennedy's youthful image, charisma and soaring rhetoric (not unlike Obama) was a major asset for him, especially given that he was succeeding the popular but aging Eisenhower, who when he left office was the oldest President to that time (70). I don't think that McCarthyism had anything to do with JFK's victory, as he actually portrayed himself as a better "Cold Warrior" than Nixon (Kennedy made a great issue in the campaign of a "missile gap" he claimed that Eisenhower had allowed to develop vs. the Soviets, the issue turned out to be false, as the US actually had a large edge on the Soviets in terms of missiles). The social revolution of the sixties didn't hit full-force until after JFK's assassination, but from most of the books on the 1960 campaign that I've read, there doesn't seem to be any doubt that after the seemingly complacent and "boring" Eisenhower Fifties many people were anxious for a more exciting and progressive Presidency. Of course, given what happened under JFK and Lyndon Johnson you could say that it offers proof of the old adage "be careful what you ask for". I don't know if this answers your question, but IMO, in an election as close as this one the seemingly "small" issues can make all the difference.
Adlai Stevenson was born in 1900, and 1900 is the last year of the 19th century. - 70.232.162.157 ( talk) 18:37, 29 December 2008 (UTC)
The map displaying the states carried by each candidate is inaccurate; New Mexico voted for Kennedy, not Nixon. It should thus be colored blue instead of red. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.199.225.90 ( talk) 16:41, 18 September 2008 (UTC)
Does anyone have the software to correct this map? Or should I just do it badly using Microsoft Paint? Spiderboy12 ( talk) 17:30, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
Another error is that Iowa had 10 votes not 9 ;
MrMingsz (
talk) 15:36, 23 April 2009 (UTC)
The article says the first televised presidential debate was between Nixon and Kennedy, but it also says that during the Democratic primary there was a televised debate between Kennedy and Humphrey and that at the convention there was a televised debate between Kennedy and Johnson. The page on the 1956 presidential debate says
"Adlai Stevenson II, the Democratic Party's 1952 nominee, fought a tight primary battle with populist Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver for the 1956 nomination. Kefauver won the New Hampshire primary unopposed (though Stevenson won 15% on write-ins). After Kefauver upset Stevenson in the Minnesota primary, Stevenson, realizing that he was in trouble, agreed to debate Kefauver in Florida. Stevenson and Kefauver held the first televised presidential debate on May 21, 1956 before the Florida primary."
So which one, if any, was really the first televised presidential debate? Web wonder ( talk) 15:11, 14 July 2009 (UTC)
I have substituted an earlier Black and White picture of Nixon, because it was taken nearer the date of the election. Using the previous picture gives an impression that Nixon was much older than he was.
If anyone can find one definitely taken in 1960, please feel free to substitute it.
Mike Young ( talk) 13:28, 22 December 2009 (UTC)
That picture is over a decade after the 1960 election, and is therefore inaccurate, and should be replaced with one more representative of Nixon in 1960.
I have one, although I don't know where to get permission. http://img196.imageshack.us/img196/7325/richardnixon.png —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.240.156.83 ( talk) 23:59, 30 September 2010 (UTC)
The comment(s) below were originally left at Talk:1960 United States presidential election/Comments, and are posted here for posterity. Following several discussions in past years, these subpages are now deprecated. The comments may be irrelevant or outdated; if so, please feel free to remove this section.
This article is extremely biased in its analysis of the voter fraud issue in Illinois (especially) and Texas. If the author is to substantiate his claims, he needs to have more authoritative references than mere speculation by Schlesinger. |
Last edited at 00:07, 27 September 2008 (UTC). Substituted at 16:02, 1 May 2016 (UTC)
![]() | This is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. |
Archive 1 | Archive 2 | Archive 3 |
The use of a color photograph for Kennedy and a black-and-white photograph for Nixon is evidence of the liberal bias of the article. Why not use a color photograph of Nixon? John Paul Parks ( talk) 12:48, 14 April 2010 (UTC)
This is a very good article, but it fails to mention an issue that was prominent in the campaign and has been mentioned in numerous books about the 1960 election: the so-called "missile gap". Kennedy made effective use of the charge that under the Eisenhower-Nixon administration the Soviets had built up a large lead in the numbers of nuclear missiles, and that the U.S. had a "missile gap". Eisenhower and Nixon both disputed this assertion, but it helped Kennedy's overall theme that America had become complacent under Ike and that he would get America moving again. After his election Kennedy discovered that the missile gap was real - but it was in our favor, as we had the lead over the Soviets. I think this issue, given its prominence and the help it gave to JFK, should be mentioned at some point in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.145.229.162 ( talk) 06:24, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
Whatever ignorant swine thought Barry Goldwater ran for the nomination, or that Orvile Faubus ran is a dumb idiot. There were five candidates I deleted on this because THEY NEVER SOUGHT THE NOMINATION. And if they didn't, they shouldn't be listed as a candidate. Who the hell created this article and put these pictures up? The same shit is going on in the elections of the 50's and the rest of this decade. It makes me furious. Just because someone was a significant senator at the time, or a significant governor, doesn't mean they ran for president. Only put official candidates, and make a catergory specifying "potention candidates who did NOT run". Otherwise, people think these guys are official candidates instead of speculated people who could make a run. There is a huge difference and you are miseducating the American people.
I agree completely with the above statement. These articles are long enough as it is without adding a completely irrelevant section showing photos of people who never actually ran for President! The list of photos for "possible candidates" could be endless. Frankly, I also disagree with the idea of showing photos of every minor candidate in a given election, as it greatly increases the length of the article. It seems to me that the articles should focus on the written word, and not be cluttered up with (in some campaigns) dozens of photos of minor candidates or even those who never actually ran for office. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.145.229.162 ( talk) 06:08, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
If anyone is needing infofmation on this election, I wrote a paper on it last year. User:The_stuart/The_Day_Television_Picked_the_President -- The_stuart 01:35, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
MM... there is a lotta crap in the article like teh "baked potato" and"yor mother" among others. Someone needs to clean this up
This article states: because he injured his knee on the way to the studio while the article Richard Nixon states: was feeling sick, having recently injured his knee while campaigning Anyone want to clear up this inconsistancy? -- 130.184.31.21 21:26, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
There is nothing in the article about the Illinois results and the presumed links between Kennedy and the Chicago mafia. Maybe somone could correct it.-- Revas 22:51, 9 July 2005 (UTC)
Because it's made up modern mudslinging. The Kennedy's didn't have a connection to the mafia. That'd be too dangerous, and there were plenty of legal ways to make money. JPK Sr. was not a bootlegger for that aforementioned fact (and the bootlegger idea is where the mafia myth comes from). He played the Stock Market and was involved in Hollywood, and imported liquor but only after prohibition ended. That being said, there were probable fraud in Cook County on the Democrats part, but that was it. For the GOP's part, they controlled most of the rest of Illinois counties and they were committing fraud in Southern Illinois. So there wasn't any mob involvement, but there was fraud, but both sides were doing it.-- 67.240.156.83 ( talk) 00:03, 1 October 2010 (UTC)
Why is the graphic depiction of electoral votes skewed? Rarely nowadays does one see democratic votes colored red and and republican votes blue. -- maru (talk) Contribs 20:52, 15 January 2006 (UTC)
maru's original post has been copied to Wikipedia talk:Style for U.S. presidential election, yyyy#Electoral picture peculiarity since he has seen fit to copy this to many other U.S. presidential election talk pages. Please direct your responses there.
— DLJessup ( talk) 21:45, 15 January 2006 (UTC)
Why are the blue/red colors framing the photographs of Kennedy and Nixon inconsistent with the colors of the map. The colors of the photographs should be swapped to match the map. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.254.147.8 ( talk) 15:57, 5 December 2007 (UTC)
Because some idiot decided to retrofit the old election pages with the current Dem=Blue GOP=Red color scheme, even though it was the other way around until 1980. Someone should change the candidate colors back, since in 1960, the Democrats were Red and the Republicans were blue, as reflected in the electoral map there. 142.177.154.189 ( talk) 01:29, 11 May 2008 (UTC)
To start off with, I recently reverted a change by an anonymous user, which was identical to an edit by Australia boy. When I did so, I used “reverted vandalism” as the edit summary. This was intemperate, and is borne of frustrations in my life outside of Wikipedia, so I apologize for that.
Nonetheless, I am annoyed by these changes, and I wish to explain why. First of all, in an attempt to be as precise as possible, the Democratic vote in 1960 is split into three lines: one for votes that can be attributed to John Kennedy, one for votes which went to slates of unpledged electors, and one for Alabama, which had a mixed slate of Kennedy-pledged electors and unpledged electors. It should be noted that all of the unpledged electors, inside and outside Alabama, did not vote for Kennedy. How many voters casting their ballots for the Democratic slate were voting for Kennedy and how many were segregationists voting for the unpledged electors is unknown and unknowable because of the mixed slate. The table is carefully footnoted to explain each of these lines.
Nevertheless, there have been many clumsy attempts to “fix” the results table. First, people began just adding back the Alabama voters without even removing the footnote that explains that that figure lacks the Alabama voters. More recently, people have been adding back the Alabama voters and removing the footnote. In neither case have the editors attempting a fix removed the PV for the Alabama electors under "(Alabama Democratic slate)", meaning that if you actually added up the PV Count column, the total would be greater than the figure in the Total row, and the PV percentages would add up to more than 100%.
The problem, of course, is that some editors feel that Kennedy is somehow disparaged by the fact that he may not have gotten a plurality of the popular vote in his contest with Nixon. I disagree with this point of view: 100 years earlier, Lincoln only managed to get a plurality of the popular vote because the Democrats were split—his PV was less than 40%—yet would have won a majority of the electoral college even if the Democrats had not been split down the middle in spite of his unpopularity with the slavocrats. Do we think any less of Lincoln because of this? Kennedy only missed a plurality because of Southern segregationists (which is a plus in my book), and he still got the sort of broad geographic support that the Electoral College requires for victory.
Is there anything I can do about this? How about this for the results table:
Presidential candidate | Party | Home state | Popular vote | Electoral vote |
Running mate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count | Percentage | Vice-presidential candidate | Home state | Electoral vote | ||||
John Fitzgerald Kennedy | Democratic | Massachusetts | between 33,902,681 and 34,220,984(a) |
between 49.3% and 49.8%(a) |
303 | Lyndon Baines Johnson | Texas | 303 |
Richard Milhous Nixon | Republican | California | 34,108,157 | 49.6% | 219 | Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. | Massachusetts | 219 |
Harry Flood Byrd | (none) | Virginia | —(b) | —(b) | 15 | James Strom Thurmond | South Carolina | 14 |
Barry Morris Goldwater(c) | Arizona | 1(c) | ||||||
( unpledged electors) | Democratic | (n/a) | between 286,359 and 604,662(d) |
between 0.4% and 0.9%(d) |
—(e) | (n/a) | (n/a) | —(e) |
Other | 216,982 | 0.3% | — | Other | — | |||
Total | 68,832,482 | 100% | 537 | 537 | ||||
Needed to win | 269 | 269 |
Hopefully, that will make it clearer that Kennedy's PV is a range of possibilities.
— DLJessup ( talk) 23:27, 13 February 2006 (UTC)
I believe "Other" for VP electoral votes should be "1" not "0" since, according to the article, 14 unpledged electors voted for Thurmond for VP and 1 unfaithful elector from OK voted for Goldwater for VP.
JKruton ( talk) 23:56, 18 December 2009 (UTC)
The notion that Nixon "won" the debate among radio listeners while losing among TV watchers has become part of American political folklore, but I recall reading a letter in the New York Times a few years ago arguing that the proof of this alleged fact was quite shaky. Specifically, whereas the polling of TV watchers was well structured from a statistical perspective, the sample of radio listeners was too small for the results to be considered conclusive. Until I have the source to dispute this fact, I don't want to change the article. Has anyone else heard of this data? -- 70.18.192.220 16:08, 26 February 2006 (UTC)
I believe the question was first raised in the following article: Vancil, D. L., & Pendell, S. D. (1987), The Myth of Viewer-Listener Disagreement in the First Kennedy-Nixon Debate, Central States Speech Journal, 38, 16-27. My recollection is that the authors determined that the radio/television myth was based on a single newspaper article citing an anectodal report of a small, non-scientific sampling in Georgia. The myth has endured as a fable of sorts about the powerful message it relates about television and its impact on style over substance. meyerlondon 23:38, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
The invaluable Mark Blumenthal (aka MysteryPollster) addressed this question recently, citing Vancil/Pendell and other sources. I have updated the item based on his summary. 67.109.103.194 17:26, 26 June 2007 (UTC)
Let's drop unsourced speculation that Ike might have run except for 22nd amdt. Not true. He strongly believed in the no 3rd term tradition that the amendment codified. Rjensen 14:04, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
The following was written and then collided with Rjensen's post above:
Response to Rjensen's post and his most recent changes:
I just saw your changes to the introduction: thank you.
— DLJessup ( talk) 14:19, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
The text of the second graf of controversies used to read:
Rjensen has modified to read as follows:
This change is problematic for several reasons:
This is not to say that the original graf doesn't have issues:
In any case, I am restoring the original graf with the two most recently mentioned issues fixed.
— DLJessup ( talk) 03:31, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
OK, I'm just revised the “Results” section again on this issue. Here are the changes I made:
— DLJessup ( talk) 04:07, 5 April 2006 (UTC)
RICHARD NIXON PHOTO The photo that currently exists currently exists for Nixon under "Runner Up" at the top is his official presidential photo. But, in 1960, he was not President yet, only Vice President. Could someone please put a photo under Runner Up from his VP years (such as his official VP photo, if such a thing exists)? Thanks. Nopm 01:41, 11 August 2007 (UTC)
Let me clarify: What I meant was, the 1960 election was NOT the one that made Nixon President - the 1968 election was. Therefore, Nixon received his Official Presidential Portrait (the one displayed under "Runner Up" on this page) as a result of winning the election in 1968, not in 1960. In 1960, people thought that Nixon's highest office would only be VP, not Pres. For comparison purposes, since Reagan won the 1980 election, it is highly appropriate to put his Official Portrait up in the 1980 page - because the 1980 election made him President, even if he was not actually president until 1981. But since, as a result of the 1960 election, Nixon only remained Vice President, I believe that his VP portrait (or a picture from his VP years) would be better. As another way of illustration: In 1960, Nixon was 47 years old. In 1968, Nixon was 55 years old. However, in this page about 1960 (when Nixon was 47), we have a picture of him when he was 55. To me, this does not make sense. Please advise. Nopm 00:09, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
THANK YOU!!! :)) Much more time-appropriate picture of Nixon. Thanks to whomever put it up. Nopm 22:26, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
KENNEDY NOT LAST PREZ FROM NORTHEAST Kennedy was NOT the last President from the Northeast, as is frequently stated, including at the bottom of this Wikipedia entry - so I will remove that reference. Who was the last Northeastern Prez? None other than Nixon himself, who served from New York from January 20, 1969 until January 20, 1973. (He served from California from January 20, 1973 until August 9, 1974, and he also served from California during his Vice Presidential terms and also from California during his Congressional terms). He moved from California to New York for his first Presidential term. Nopm 22:37, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
I have to voice my concern that this format is hurting the article. I will post this on a few notable election pages and hope that it's noticed. I have to admire the determination of whoever came up with this idea (it's apparently on every page) but ultimately, I think it should go. I think that having "winner/runner-up" displayed so prominently in the infobox overshadows the importance of the election. Some of these elections were not mere contests, but were epic events in American history where a variety of important viewpoints were symbolically represented and voted upon. Just in the last 50 years, the notable political climates of 1968 and 2004 came to a boiling point around election time. We should not be placing so much emphasis on the "winner" and the "runner-up" -- this is not a spelling bee. If we condense this into who "won" we are doing a disservice to the issues that drove these elections. SpiderMMB 23:18, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
The argument for the theory that Nixon won the popular vote in 1960 is the existence of six unpledged Democratic electors in the state of Alabama. It is said that since these electors considered themselves unpledged, and since they voted for Harry Byrd instead of John Kennedy, that only five-elevenths of the votes in Kennedy votes in Alabama should be counted, or that the Kennedy votes in this state should not be counted at all. It is impossible for the Democratic Party to have had any unpledged electors in 1960. The Democratic Party had a national nominee for President, Kennedy, and all Democratic electors had to either vote for the nominee of the party or be considered faithless electors. In January 1960 the Alabama State Democratic Executive Committee announced that it would not administer a loyalty oath binding electors to vote for the party nominee (New York Times January 24, 1960 page 48). As a result, six of the eleven Democratic elector candidates elected in the primary refused to pledge to vote for the nominee. Had this oath been administered, then all eleven of Alabama's Democratic electors would have supported Kennedy. However, the purpose of the primary election was not to determine which electors are pledged or unpledged. Nor was the purpose of the primary to determine which candidate the electors will vote for. The purpose of the primary was to select Democratic electors, who would be expected to vote for their party's nominee.
The situation in 1960 was complicated even further by the existence of a third slate of electors in Mississippi, who referred to themselves as “unpledged Democratic electors” and who, having won a plurality of the vote, cast their eight electoral votes for Byrd. These electors were put on the ballot by Governor Ross Barnett of Mississippi, a fire-breathing segregationist, and by the Mississippi Democratic State Convention, convened at Barnett's request. They had nothing to do with the national Democratic Party and were not endorsed by them. There was a separate slate of Democratic electors in Mississippi pledged to Kennedy, who finished in second place in that state. The Byrd electors in Mississippi were Democratic in name only. They were officially listed on the Mississippi ballot as an unpledged elector slate.
The Alabama Democratic electors, on the other hand, were the Democratic party's official electors. Five of them believed that electors had an obligation to vote for the nominee of their party, and the other six saw themselves as "free agents". Electors who view themselves as free agents are generally thought of as being as "faithless electors". Because of this, they ought to be viewed as obligated to vote for their party's nominee, and votes cast for them ought to be counted as having been cast for the nominee.
The correct way of counting the vote in 1960 is to credit Kennedy with the votes of the top Democratic elector in Alabama, who won 324,050 votes, and to credit Nixon with the votes of the top Republican elector in Alabama, who won 237,981 votes. These votes must then be added to the Kennedy and Nixon votes in the other forty-nine states to arrive at a nationwide popular vote total of 34,226,731 votes for Kennedy and 34,108,157 votes for Nixon. Kennedy’s nationwide plurality was therefore 118,574 votes.
65.94.58.129 02:40, 13 October 2007 (UTC)
I think this line is misleading. If the metric being described is victory margin, then Bush's popular vote margin was negative, and thus less. (And, oh dear, now there shall be an argument over whether 2000 was in the 20th century.) Tempshill 21:52, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
Without in any way suggesting that I am a fan of the candidacy of Harry F. Byrd, I'm curious why his picture isn't featured in the infobox for this article, as are pictures of third-party candidates who captured electoral votes in other U.S. presidential elections (see, e.g., United States presidential election, 1912, United States presidential election, 1924, United States presidential election, 1948). Any particular reason? -- JohnPomeranz ( talk) 21:40, 17 December 2007 (UTC)
Was Byrd even a formal candidate for president? Also, I can't find corroboration for Goldwater declaring himself as Byrd's running mate. If no one can come up with something, I'll delete it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.66.245.73 ( talk) 00:58, 20 February 2008 (UTC) I am answering your question. Byrd was not an official candidate, (I found that out on a sight other than Wikipedia, because people who make this page do a terrible job), but disheartened electors pledged their electorate votes for Byrd, versus Nixon, which is what they were assigned. Goldwater never ran with Byrd, the (I think) 9 disheartened electorates put Goldwater on as a running mate. Someone also has to stop putting non-candidates in this election, and all the other ones. It's making me furious. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cooman456 ( talk • contribs) 06:46, 24 February 2008 (UTC)
Someone has now listed Strom Thurmond as Harry Byrd's running mate in 1960; given that Byrd wasn't an active candidate and made no campaigning, I don't see why Thurmond (or anyone else) should be listed as his "running mate". I don't think photos of any candidates should be shown at the top; links to the candidate's names will provide an article with photos - it seems to me that the candidate photos are just cluttering up the articles on presidential campaigns instead of providing information.
"Earl Mazo, a reporter for the pro-Nixon New York Herald Tribune," The New York Herald is desribed as "pro-Nixon". Where is the supporting evidence? If there editorial board endorsed Nixon then say so. But implying the paper is "pro-Nixon" implies the paper had a motive to falsify a story that Cook County cheated Nixon.
Also the 450,000 victory margin in Cook County, Illinois does not jive with the 1960 voting numbers provided in the wiki "Cook County". Which numbers are correct? Felixnietzsche ( talk) 17:15, 6 February 2008 (UTC)
I wish the article could go into a little more depth about the reason for the Kennedy win in this election. Many of the reasons given a true on a micro-scale (e.g., Nixon looked bad on television, a flip comment from Eisenhower), and given the context it seems would not make a huge differences in the election. Articles from previous years usually talked about things on a more major scale, or it was easy to figure out (e.g., McCarthyism in 1952, split of a party in 1860 or 1912, weariness in 1920, etc.). It would be nice if the article could talk more about why, in a time of economic prosperity following a Republican rule and a foreign threat in the Soviets, the country suddenly decided to turn its course. The only possibilies I can think of would be a) the charismatic personality of Kennedy, b) jadedness with McCarthyist rhetoric (though that should have shown up in 1956), and c) the beginning of the 60s era social revolution. Thoughts? The Evil Spartan ( talk) 05:46, 11 April 2008 (UTC)
Actually, in an election this close the "micro-scale" things could, and did, make all the difference. The first debate alone probably cost Nixon the election, as he was slightly ahead in most polls before the first debate and was considerably better-known than Kennedy (Vice-President for 8 years vs. a U.S. Senator). Certainly Kennedy's youthful image, charisma and soaring rhetoric (not unlike Obama) was a major asset for him, especially given that he was succeeding the popular but aging Eisenhower, who when he left office was the oldest President to that time (70). I don't think that McCarthyism had anything to do with JFK's victory, as he actually portrayed himself as a better "Cold Warrior" than Nixon (Kennedy made a great issue in the campaign of a "missile gap" he claimed that Eisenhower had allowed to develop vs. the Soviets, the issue turned out to be false, as the US actually had a large edge on the Soviets in terms of missiles). The social revolution of the sixties didn't hit full-force until after JFK's assassination, but from most of the books on the 1960 campaign that I've read, there doesn't seem to be any doubt that after the seemingly complacent and "boring" Eisenhower Fifties many people were anxious for a more exciting and progressive Presidency. Of course, given what happened under JFK and Lyndon Johnson you could say that it offers proof of the old adage "be careful what you ask for". I don't know if this answers your question, but IMO, in an election as close as this one the seemingly "small" issues can make all the difference.
Adlai Stevenson was born in 1900, and 1900 is the last year of the 19th century. - 70.232.162.157 ( talk) 18:37, 29 December 2008 (UTC)
The map displaying the states carried by each candidate is inaccurate; New Mexico voted for Kennedy, not Nixon. It should thus be colored blue instead of red. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.199.225.90 ( talk) 16:41, 18 September 2008 (UTC)
Does anyone have the software to correct this map? Or should I just do it badly using Microsoft Paint? Spiderboy12 ( talk) 17:30, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
Another error is that Iowa had 10 votes not 9 ;
MrMingsz (
talk) 15:36, 23 April 2009 (UTC)
The article says the first televised presidential debate was between Nixon and Kennedy, but it also says that during the Democratic primary there was a televised debate between Kennedy and Humphrey and that at the convention there was a televised debate between Kennedy and Johnson. The page on the 1956 presidential debate says
"Adlai Stevenson II, the Democratic Party's 1952 nominee, fought a tight primary battle with populist Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver for the 1956 nomination. Kefauver won the New Hampshire primary unopposed (though Stevenson won 15% on write-ins). After Kefauver upset Stevenson in the Minnesota primary, Stevenson, realizing that he was in trouble, agreed to debate Kefauver in Florida. Stevenson and Kefauver held the first televised presidential debate on May 21, 1956 before the Florida primary."
So which one, if any, was really the first televised presidential debate? Web wonder ( talk) 15:11, 14 July 2009 (UTC)
I have substituted an earlier Black and White picture of Nixon, because it was taken nearer the date of the election. Using the previous picture gives an impression that Nixon was much older than he was.
If anyone can find one definitely taken in 1960, please feel free to substitute it.
Mike Young ( talk) 13:28, 22 December 2009 (UTC)
That picture is over a decade after the 1960 election, and is therefore inaccurate, and should be replaced with one more representative of Nixon in 1960.
I have one, although I don't know where to get permission. http://img196.imageshack.us/img196/7325/richardnixon.png —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.240.156.83 ( talk) 23:59, 30 September 2010 (UTC)
The comment(s) below were originally left at Talk:1960 United States presidential election/Comments, and are posted here for posterity. Following several discussions in past years, these subpages are now deprecated. The comments may be irrelevant or outdated; if so, please feel free to remove this section.
This article is extremely biased in its analysis of the voter fraud issue in Illinois (especially) and Texas. If the author is to substantiate his claims, he needs to have more authoritative references than mere speculation by Schlesinger. |
Last edited at 00:07, 27 September 2008 (UTC). Substituted at 16:02, 1 May 2016 (UTC)