Stromal interaction molecule 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STIM1 gene. [5] [6] [7] STIM1 has a single transmembrane domain, and is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, and to a lesser extent to the plasma membrane. [8]
Even though the protein has been identified earlier, its function was unknown until recently. In 2005, it was discovered that STIM1 functions as a calcium sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum. [9] [10] Upon activation of the IP3 receptor, the calcium concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum decreases, which is sensed by STIM1, via its EF hand domain. STIM1 activates the "store-operated" ORAI1 calcium ion channels in the plasma membrane, via intracellular STIM1 movement, clustering under plasma membrane and protein interaction with ORAI isoforms. [11] [12] [13] STIM1-mediated calcium entry is required for thrombin-induced disassembly of VE-cadherin adherens junctions. [14] 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and 4-chloro-3-ethylphenol (4-CEP) cause STIM1 clustering in a cell and prevent STIM1 moving toward plasma membrane. [15]
STIM1 has been shown to interact with ORAI1, TMEM110 (STIMATE [16]), SERCA, TMEM66 ( SARAF), and STIM2. [6]
STIM1 mutations are associated with Immunodeficiency 10, Tubular aggregate myopathy type 1 (TAM1), and Stormorken syndrome. [17]
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Aliases | STIM1, D11S4896E, GOK, IMD10, STRMK, TAM, TAM1, stromal interaction molecule 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External IDs | OMIM: 605921; MGI: 107476; HomoloGene: 20681; GeneCards: STIM1; OMA: STIM1 - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Stromal interaction molecule 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STIM1 gene. [5] [6] [7] STIM1 has a single transmembrane domain, and is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, and to a lesser extent to the plasma membrane. [8]
Even though the protein has been identified earlier, its function was unknown until recently. In 2005, it was discovered that STIM1 functions as a calcium sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum. [9] [10] Upon activation of the IP3 receptor, the calcium concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum decreases, which is sensed by STIM1, via its EF hand domain. STIM1 activates the "store-operated" ORAI1 calcium ion channels in the plasma membrane, via intracellular STIM1 movement, clustering under plasma membrane and protein interaction with ORAI isoforms. [11] [12] [13] STIM1-mediated calcium entry is required for thrombin-induced disassembly of VE-cadherin adherens junctions. [14] 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and 4-chloro-3-ethylphenol (4-CEP) cause STIM1 clustering in a cell and prevent STIM1 moving toward plasma membrane. [15]
STIM1 has been shown to interact with ORAI1, TMEM110 (STIMATE [16]), SERCA, TMEM66 ( SARAF), and STIM2. [6]
STIM1 mutations are associated with Immunodeficiency 10, Tubular aggregate myopathy type 1 (TAM1), and Stormorken syndrome. [17]