![]() SDSS J1416+1348 A (bright object) and SDSS J1416+1348 B (faint red object above) Credit: legacy surveys | |
Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
---|---|
Constellation | Boötes |
Right ascension | 14h 16m 24.0740s [1] |
Declination | 13° 48′ 26.193″ [1] |
Characteristics | |
A | |
Spectral type | sdL7 [2] |
Apparent magnitude (r) | 20.69±0.04 [3] |
Apparent magnitude (i) | 18.38±0.01 [3] |
Apparent magnitude (z) | 15.92±0.01 [3] |
Apparent magnitude (Y) | 14.255±0.003 [3] |
Apparent magnitude (J) | 12.995±0.001 [4] |
Apparent magnitude (H) | 12.469±0.001 [4] |
Apparent magnitude (KS) | 12.053±0.001 [4] |
R−I color index | 2.31±0.04 [5] |
J−H color index | 0.55±0.01 [5] |
J−K color index | 1.03±0.03 [2] |
B | |
Spectral type | T7.5p [5] |
Apparent magnitude (Y) | 18.16±0.02 [5] |
Apparent magnitude (J) | 17.259±0.017 [4] |
Apparent magnitude (H) | 17.62±0.02 [5] |
Apparent magnitude (KS) | 18.93±0.17 [5] |
J−H color index | −0.3 [4] |
J−K color index | −1.7 [4] |
Astrometry | |
Radial velocity (Rv) | −42.2±5.1 [6] km/s |
Proper motion (μ) |
RA: 86.670±0.291
[1]
mas/
yr Dec.: 127.953±0.198 [1] mas/ yr |
Parallax (π) | 107.7375 ± 0.2163 mas [1] |
Distance | 30.27 ± 0.06
ly (9.28 ± 0.02 pc) |
Orbit [7] | |
Primary | A |
Companion | B |
Semi-major axis (a) | 104+28 −72 a.u. |
Details [8] | |
Component A | |
Mass | 60±18 MJup |
Radius | 0.92±0.08 RJup |
Luminosity (bolometric) | log(−4.18±0.011) L☉ |
Surface gravity (log g) | 5.22±0.22 cgs |
Temperature | 1694±74 K |
Age | 0.5–10 Gyr |
Component B | |
Mass | 33±22 MJup |
Radius | 0.94±0.16 RJup |
Luminosity (bolometric) | log(−5.80±0.07) L☉ |
Surface gravity (log g) | 4.83±0.51 cgs |
Temperature | 660±62 K |
Age | 0.5–10 Gyr |
Position (relative to A) | |
Component | B |
Angular distance | 9.81 ″ [7] |
Projected separation | 89.3±1.5 AU [7] |
Other designations | |
Component A: SDSS J141624.08+134826.7, [3] [6] SDSS J1416+1348, [3] SDSS J1416+13A, [9] SDSS J1416+13, [5] SDSS 1416+13, [6] SDSS 141624, [10] 2MASS J14162408+1348263, [11] SOZ 3A, [11] WDS J14164+1348A [11] | |
Component B: ULAS J141623.94+134836.30, [5] ULAS J141623.94+134836.3, [4] SDSS J141624.08+134826.7B, [12] ULAS J1416+1348, [13] SDSS J1416+1348B, [14] ULAS J1416+13, [5] SDSS J1416+13B, [9] SDSS 141624 b, [10] WISE J141623.94+134836.0, [15] SOZ 3B, [12] WDS J14164+1348B [12] | |
Database references | |
SIMBAD | data |
SDSS J141624.08+134826.7 (abbreviated SDSS J1416+1348) is a nearby wide binary system of two brown dwarfs, located in constellation Boötes. The system consists of L-type component A and T-type component B.
Component A was discovered in late 2009 [note 1] from a search of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7, an astronomical survey conducted at Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico, United States. It has two discovery papers: Bowler et al., 2009 [3] and Schmidt et al., 2009. [6]
Component B was discovered in early 2010 from UKIDSS Large Area Survey (ULAS) Data Release 5 [5] & 6, [4] an astronomical survey conducted on the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. It has also two discovery papers: Burningham et al., 2010 [5] and Scholz, 2010. [4] Burningham et al. discovered the whole system (independently of Bowler et al. and Schmidt et al. [5]) by cross-matching the ULAS DR5 against SDSS DR7, [5] and Scholz discovered component B by inspecting the UKIDSS finding charts around already found component A. [4]
In 2012 was published the first relatively precise parallax of SDSS J1416+1348, measured at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope under The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program: 109.9 ± 1.8 mas, corresponding to a distance 9.10 ± 0.15 pc (29.7 ± 0.5 ly). [7] (Although, two parallaxes with large errors was previously published by Bowler et al. [3] and Scholz [4]).
Source | Parallax, mas | Distance, pc | Distance, ly | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bowler et al., 2009 | 107 ± 34 [note 2] | 9.3+4.4 −2.3 |
30.5+14.2 −7.6 |
[3] |
Bowler et al., 2009 | 8.4 ± 1.9 | 27.4 ± 6.2 | [3] | |
Schmidt et al., 2009 | 8.0 ± 1.6 | 26.1 ± 5.2 | [6] | |
Burningham et al., 2010 | 5–15 | 16–49 | [5] | |
Scholz, 2010 | 7.9 ± 1.7 | 25.8 ± 5.5 | [4] | |
Burgasser et al., 2010 | 10.6+3.0 −2.8 |
34.6+9.8 −9.1 |
[13] | |
Cushing et al., 2010 | 9.7 ± 0.1 [note 3] | 31.6 ± 0.3 [note 3] | [9] | |
The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program (Dupuy & Liu, 2012) |
109.9 ± 1.8 | 9.10 ± 0.15 | 29.7 ± 0.5 | [7] |
Non-trigonometric distance estimates are marked in italic. The best estimate is marked in bold.
SDSS J1416+1348 has proper motion 165 mas· yr−1 with position angle 32 degrees, indicating motion in north-east direction on the sky. Corresponding right ascension and declination components of proper motion are 88.0 ± 2.8 mas/yr and 139.9 ± 1.3 mas/yr, respectively. [6] At distance 29.7 ly (assuming parallax 109.0 ± 1.8 mas), [7] corresponding tangential velocity is 7.1 km/ s. Radial velocity of SDSS J1416+1348 is -42.2 ± 5.1 km/s. [6] (Negative radial velocity value indicates that SDSS J1416+1348 is now approaching to us). Total velocity of SDSS J1416+1348 relatively to Solar system is 42.8 km/s.
SDSS J1416+1348 space motions estimates
Source |
μ, mas/ yr |
P. A., ° |
μRA, mas/ yr |
μDEC, mas/ yr |
Vtan, km/ s [note 4] |
Vr, km/ s |
Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bowler et al., 2009 | 151 ± 8 | 33 ± 4 | 82 | 127 | 6.5 | –38 ± 10 | [3] |
Schmidt et al., 2009 | 165 | 32 | 88.0 ± 2.8 | 139.9 ± 1.3 | 7.1 | -42.2 ± 5.1 | [6] |
Scholz, 2010 | 163 | 32 | 86.2 ± 2.6 | 138.8 ± 2.6 | 7.1 | [4] | |
SIMBAD | 165 | 32 | 88 ± 3 | 140 ± 2 | 7.1 | -87 ± 33 | [11] |
Dupuy & Liu, 2012 | 161.3 ± 2.8 | 36.1 ± 1.2 | 95.1 ± 3.0 | 130.3 ± 3.0 | 7.1 | [7] |
The most accurate estimates are marked in bold.
Space motion of SDSS J1416+1348 indicates that it is member of Galactic thin disk population. [3] [4] [6]
Since SDSS J1416+1348 moves much faster in radial direction than in tangential direction, and radial velocity is negative, this brown dwarf system should pass the Solar System in the future at a much smaller distance than today's distance. Proper motion and radial velocity values from Schmidt et al., 2009 and parallax from Dupuy & Liu, 2012, assuming motion with constant velocity along straight line, yield minimal distance 4.9 ly circa year 207100.
Solar encounter chronology, assuming motion with constant velocity in a straight line relative to the Solar System: [note 5]
Date | Distance, ly |
Constellation | Note |
---|---|---|---|
759300 BC | 137.96 | Virgo/Boötes | transition to constellation Boötes |
493000 BC | 100 | Boötes | approach to a distance of 100 ly |
141600 BC | 50 | Boötes | approach to a distance of 50 ly |
300 BC | 30 | Boötes | approach to a distance of 30 ly |
2000 | 29.68 | Boötes | near present time |
71300 | 20 | Boötes | approach to a distance of 20 ly |
107900 | 15 | Boötes | approach to a distance of 15 ly |
146200 | 10 | Boötes | approach to a distance of 10 ly |
162900 | 8.01 | Boötes/Corona Borealis | transition to constellation Corona Borealis |
168000 | 7.46 | Corona Borealis/Boötes | transition to constellation Boötes |
170600 | 7.18 | Boötes/Hercules | transition to constellation Hercules |
186500 | 5.76 | Hercules/ Draco | transition to constellation Draco |
202000 | 5 | Draco | approach to a distance of 5 ly |
203600 | 4.97 | Draco/Cygnus | transition to constellation Cygnus |
207100 | 4.95 | Cygnus | minimal distance |
207600 | 4.95 | Cygnus/Cepheus | transition to constellation Cepheus |
212200 | 5 | Cepheus | removal to a distance of 5 ly |
212800 | 5.01 | Cepheus/Cygnus | transition to constellation Cygnus |
215300 | 5.08 | Cygnus /Cepheus | transition to constellation Cepheus |
215600 | 5.09 | Cepheus/Lacerta | transition to constellation Lacerta |
222500 | 5.41 | Lacerta/Andromeda | transition to constellation Andromeda |
262300 | 9.3 | Andromeda/Pisces | transition to constellation Pisces |
268000 | 10 | Pisces | removal to a distance of 10 ly |
306400 | 15 | Pisces | removal to a distance of 15 ly |
343000 | 20 | Pisces | removal to a distance of 20 ly |
410500 | 29.44 | Pisces/Cetus | transition to constellation Cetus |
414500 | 30 | Cetus | removal to a distance of 30 ly |
507000 | 43.07 | Cetus | transition to southern hemisphere |
555900 | 50 | Cetus | removal to a distance of 50 ly |
907200 | 100 | Cetus | removal to a distance of 100 ly |
SDSS J1416+1348 is an old system (age estimates: >0.8
Gyr,
[6] ~10 Gyr,
[5] ~5 Gyr,
[4] 2–10 Gyr,
[13] >3.2 Gyr
[9]), and, probably, possesses low
metallicity.
[5] Its two components are separated at
angular distance 9.81
arcsec, corresponding to a projected separation 89.3 ± 1.5
a. u.
[7] The system's orbit
semi-major axis estimate is 104+28
−72
a. u.
[7]
The primary (brighter) component (SDSS J141624.08+134826.7 is its full designation; also known as SDSS J1416+13A) is a brown dwarf of spectral type sdL7, [2] or L6, [3] [4] [7] or L5, [6] or d/sdL7. [5] It has unusually blue near- infrared J−KS color. [5] [4] [6] [13] According to Cushing et al. 2010, its peculiar spectrum is primarily a result of thin condensate clouds, and also vertical mixing occurs in its atmosphere. [9] However, in Burgasser et al., 2010 it was suggested that its (as well as component's B) peculiarities arise from age or metallicity, rather than cloud properties alone (since both A and B components have common peculiarities). [13]
The secondary (fainter) component (ULAS J141623.94+134836.3, abbreviated to ULAS J1416+1348, also known as SDSS J1416+13B) is a brown dwarf of spectral type T7.5, [13] [15] [16] or T7.5p. [5] [7] It has unusually extremely blue near- infrared color H−K, [5] very red optical-to-near-infrared color (z−Y > +2.3 and z−J > +3.1), [4] and extremely red color H−[4.5] = 4.86 ± 0.04 [5] (it was suggested, that the latter may be explained by presence of a cooler unresolved companion to SDSS J1416+13B). [5] Also, its spectrum indicates high surface gravity and/or subsolar metallicity. [13]
![]() SDSS J1416+1348 A (bright object) and SDSS J1416+1348 B (faint red object above) Credit: legacy surveys | |
Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
---|---|
Constellation | Boötes |
Right ascension | 14h 16m 24.0740s [1] |
Declination | 13° 48′ 26.193″ [1] |
Characteristics | |
A | |
Spectral type | sdL7 [2] |
Apparent magnitude (r) | 20.69±0.04 [3] |
Apparent magnitude (i) | 18.38±0.01 [3] |
Apparent magnitude (z) | 15.92±0.01 [3] |
Apparent magnitude (Y) | 14.255±0.003 [3] |
Apparent magnitude (J) | 12.995±0.001 [4] |
Apparent magnitude (H) | 12.469±0.001 [4] |
Apparent magnitude (KS) | 12.053±0.001 [4] |
R−I color index | 2.31±0.04 [5] |
J−H color index | 0.55±0.01 [5] |
J−K color index | 1.03±0.03 [2] |
B | |
Spectral type | T7.5p [5] |
Apparent magnitude (Y) | 18.16±0.02 [5] |
Apparent magnitude (J) | 17.259±0.017 [4] |
Apparent magnitude (H) | 17.62±0.02 [5] |
Apparent magnitude (KS) | 18.93±0.17 [5] |
J−H color index | −0.3 [4] |
J−K color index | −1.7 [4] |
Astrometry | |
Radial velocity (Rv) | −42.2±5.1 [6] km/s |
Proper motion (μ) |
RA: 86.670±0.291
[1]
mas/
yr Dec.: 127.953±0.198 [1] mas/ yr |
Parallax (π) | 107.7375 ± 0.2163 mas [1] |
Distance | 30.27 ± 0.06
ly (9.28 ± 0.02 pc) |
Orbit [7] | |
Primary | A |
Companion | B |
Semi-major axis (a) | 104+28 −72 a.u. |
Details [8] | |
Component A | |
Mass | 60±18 MJup |
Radius | 0.92±0.08 RJup |
Luminosity (bolometric) | log(−4.18±0.011) L☉ |
Surface gravity (log g) | 5.22±0.22 cgs |
Temperature | 1694±74 K |
Age | 0.5–10 Gyr |
Component B | |
Mass | 33±22 MJup |
Radius | 0.94±0.16 RJup |
Luminosity (bolometric) | log(−5.80±0.07) L☉ |
Surface gravity (log g) | 4.83±0.51 cgs |
Temperature | 660±62 K |
Age | 0.5–10 Gyr |
Position (relative to A) | |
Component | B |
Angular distance | 9.81 ″ [7] |
Projected separation | 89.3±1.5 AU [7] |
Other designations | |
Component A: SDSS J141624.08+134826.7, [3] [6] SDSS J1416+1348, [3] SDSS J1416+13A, [9] SDSS J1416+13, [5] SDSS 1416+13, [6] SDSS 141624, [10] 2MASS J14162408+1348263, [11] SOZ 3A, [11] WDS J14164+1348A [11] | |
Component B: ULAS J141623.94+134836.30, [5] ULAS J141623.94+134836.3, [4] SDSS J141624.08+134826.7B, [12] ULAS J1416+1348, [13] SDSS J1416+1348B, [14] ULAS J1416+13, [5] SDSS J1416+13B, [9] SDSS 141624 b, [10] WISE J141623.94+134836.0, [15] SOZ 3B, [12] WDS J14164+1348B [12] | |
Database references | |
SIMBAD | data |
SDSS J141624.08+134826.7 (abbreviated SDSS J1416+1348) is a nearby wide binary system of two brown dwarfs, located in constellation Boötes. The system consists of L-type component A and T-type component B.
Component A was discovered in late 2009 [note 1] from a search of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7, an astronomical survey conducted at Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico, United States. It has two discovery papers: Bowler et al., 2009 [3] and Schmidt et al., 2009. [6]
Component B was discovered in early 2010 from UKIDSS Large Area Survey (ULAS) Data Release 5 [5] & 6, [4] an astronomical survey conducted on the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. It has also two discovery papers: Burningham et al., 2010 [5] and Scholz, 2010. [4] Burningham et al. discovered the whole system (independently of Bowler et al. and Schmidt et al. [5]) by cross-matching the ULAS DR5 against SDSS DR7, [5] and Scholz discovered component B by inspecting the UKIDSS finding charts around already found component A. [4]
In 2012 was published the first relatively precise parallax of SDSS J1416+1348, measured at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope under The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program: 109.9 ± 1.8 mas, corresponding to a distance 9.10 ± 0.15 pc (29.7 ± 0.5 ly). [7] (Although, two parallaxes with large errors was previously published by Bowler et al. [3] and Scholz [4]).
Source | Parallax, mas | Distance, pc | Distance, ly | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bowler et al., 2009 | 107 ± 34 [note 2] | 9.3+4.4 −2.3 |
30.5+14.2 −7.6 |
[3] |
Bowler et al., 2009 | 8.4 ± 1.9 | 27.4 ± 6.2 | [3] | |
Schmidt et al., 2009 | 8.0 ± 1.6 | 26.1 ± 5.2 | [6] | |
Burningham et al., 2010 | 5–15 | 16–49 | [5] | |
Scholz, 2010 | 7.9 ± 1.7 | 25.8 ± 5.5 | [4] | |
Burgasser et al., 2010 | 10.6+3.0 −2.8 |
34.6+9.8 −9.1 |
[13] | |
Cushing et al., 2010 | 9.7 ± 0.1 [note 3] | 31.6 ± 0.3 [note 3] | [9] | |
The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program (Dupuy & Liu, 2012) |
109.9 ± 1.8 | 9.10 ± 0.15 | 29.7 ± 0.5 | [7] |
Non-trigonometric distance estimates are marked in italic. The best estimate is marked in bold.
SDSS J1416+1348 has proper motion 165 mas· yr−1 with position angle 32 degrees, indicating motion in north-east direction on the sky. Corresponding right ascension and declination components of proper motion are 88.0 ± 2.8 mas/yr and 139.9 ± 1.3 mas/yr, respectively. [6] At distance 29.7 ly (assuming parallax 109.0 ± 1.8 mas), [7] corresponding tangential velocity is 7.1 km/ s. Radial velocity of SDSS J1416+1348 is -42.2 ± 5.1 km/s. [6] (Negative radial velocity value indicates that SDSS J1416+1348 is now approaching to us). Total velocity of SDSS J1416+1348 relatively to Solar system is 42.8 km/s.
SDSS J1416+1348 space motions estimates
Source |
μ, mas/ yr |
P. A., ° |
μRA, mas/ yr |
μDEC, mas/ yr |
Vtan, km/ s [note 4] |
Vr, km/ s |
Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bowler et al., 2009 | 151 ± 8 | 33 ± 4 | 82 | 127 | 6.5 | –38 ± 10 | [3] |
Schmidt et al., 2009 | 165 | 32 | 88.0 ± 2.8 | 139.9 ± 1.3 | 7.1 | -42.2 ± 5.1 | [6] |
Scholz, 2010 | 163 | 32 | 86.2 ± 2.6 | 138.8 ± 2.6 | 7.1 | [4] | |
SIMBAD | 165 | 32 | 88 ± 3 | 140 ± 2 | 7.1 | -87 ± 33 | [11] |
Dupuy & Liu, 2012 | 161.3 ± 2.8 | 36.1 ± 1.2 | 95.1 ± 3.0 | 130.3 ± 3.0 | 7.1 | [7] |
The most accurate estimates are marked in bold.
Space motion of SDSS J1416+1348 indicates that it is member of Galactic thin disk population. [3] [4] [6]
Since SDSS J1416+1348 moves much faster in radial direction than in tangential direction, and radial velocity is negative, this brown dwarf system should pass the Solar System in the future at a much smaller distance than today's distance. Proper motion and radial velocity values from Schmidt et al., 2009 and parallax from Dupuy & Liu, 2012, assuming motion with constant velocity along straight line, yield minimal distance 4.9 ly circa year 207100.
Solar encounter chronology, assuming motion with constant velocity in a straight line relative to the Solar System: [note 5]
Date | Distance, ly |
Constellation | Note |
---|---|---|---|
759300 BC | 137.96 | Virgo/Boötes | transition to constellation Boötes |
493000 BC | 100 | Boötes | approach to a distance of 100 ly |
141600 BC | 50 | Boötes | approach to a distance of 50 ly |
300 BC | 30 | Boötes | approach to a distance of 30 ly |
2000 | 29.68 | Boötes | near present time |
71300 | 20 | Boötes | approach to a distance of 20 ly |
107900 | 15 | Boötes | approach to a distance of 15 ly |
146200 | 10 | Boötes | approach to a distance of 10 ly |
162900 | 8.01 | Boötes/Corona Borealis | transition to constellation Corona Borealis |
168000 | 7.46 | Corona Borealis/Boötes | transition to constellation Boötes |
170600 | 7.18 | Boötes/Hercules | transition to constellation Hercules |
186500 | 5.76 | Hercules/ Draco | transition to constellation Draco |
202000 | 5 | Draco | approach to a distance of 5 ly |
203600 | 4.97 | Draco/Cygnus | transition to constellation Cygnus |
207100 | 4.95 | Cygnus | minimal distance |
207600 | 4.95 | Cygnus/Cepheus | transition to constellation Cepheus |
212200 | 5 | Cepheus | removal to a distance of 5 ly |
212800 | 5.01 | Cepheus/Cygnus | transition to constellation Cygnus |
215300 | 5.08 | Cygnus /Cepheus | transition to constellation Cepheus |
215600 | 5.09 | Cepheus/Lacerta | transition to constellation Lacerta |
222500 | 5.41 | Lacerta/Andromeda | transition to constellation Andromeda |
262300 | 9.3 | Andromeda/Pisces | transition to constellation Pisces |
268000 | 10 | Pisces | removal to a distance of 10 ly |
306400 | 15 | Pisces | removal to a distance of 15 ly |
343000 | 20 | Pisces | removal to a distance of 20 ly |
410500 | 29.44 | Pisces/Cetus | transition to constellation Cetus |
414500 | 30 | Cetus | removal to a distance of 30 ly |
507000 | 43.07 | Cetus | transition to southern hemisphere |
555900 | 50 | Cetus | removal to a distance of 50 ly |
907200 | 100 | Cetus | removal to a distance of 100 ly |
SDSS J1416+1348 is an old system (age estimates: >0.8
Gyr,
[6] ~10 Gyr,
[5] ~5 Gyr,
[4] 2–10 Gyr,
[13] >3.2 Gyr
[9]), and, probably, possesses low
metallicity.
[5] Its two components are separated at
angular distance 9.81
arcsec, corresponding to a projected separation 89.3 ± 1.5
a. u.
[7] The system's orbit
semi-major axis estimate is 104+28
−72
a. u.
[7]
The primary (brighter) component (SDSS J141624.08+134826.7 is its full designation; also known as SDSS J1416+13A) is a brown dwarf of spectral type sdL7, [2] or L6, [3] [4] [7] or L5, [6] or d/sdL7. [5] It has unusually blue near- infrared J−KS color. [5] [4] [6] [13] According to Cushing et al. 2010, its peculiar spectrum is primarily a result of thin condensate clouds, and also vertical mixing occurs in its atmosphere. [9] However, in Burgasser et al., 2010 it was suggested that its (as well as component's B) peculiarities arise from age or metallicity, rather than cloud properties alone (since both A and B components have common peculiarities). [13]
The secondary (fainter) component (ULAS J141623.94+134836.3, abbreviated to ULAS J1416+1348, also known as SDSS J1416+13B) is a brown dwarf of spectral type T7.5, [13] [15] [16] or T7.5p. [5] [7] It has unusually extremely blue near- infrared color H−K, [5] very red optical-to-near-infrared color (z−Y > +2.3 and z−J > +3.1), [4] and extremely red color H−[4.5] = 4.86 ± 0.04 [5] (it was suggested, that the latter may be explained by presence of a cooler unresolved companion to SDSS J1416+13B). [5] Also, its spectrum indicates high surface gravity and/or subsolar metallicity. [13]