The
recorded history of Presque Isle begins with the
Erielhonan, a
Native American tribe who gave their name to Lake Erie, and includes French, British, and American forts, as well as serving as a base for
CommodoreOliver Hazard Perry's fleet in the
War of 1812. With the growing importance of
shipping on Lake Erie in the 19th century, Presque Isle became home to several
lighthouses and what later became a
United States Coast Guard station. In 1921, it became a state park, and as of 2007 it hosts over 4 million visitors per year, the most of any Pennsylvania state park. (Full article...)
Bethlehem is a city in
Northampton and
Lehigh Counties in the
Lehigh Valley region of eastern
Pennsylvania, United States. As of the
2020 census, Bethlehem had a total population of 75,781, making it the second-largest city in the Lehigh Valley after
Allentown and the
seventh-largest city in the state. Among its total population as of 2020, 55,639 were in Northampton County and 19,343 were in Lehigh County. The city is located along the
Lehigh River, a 109-mile-long (175 km) tributary of the
Delaware River.
Bethlehem lies in the geographic center of the Lehigh Valley, a metropolitan region of 731 sq mi (1,890 km2) with a population of 861,899 people as of the 2020 census that is Pennsylvania's
third-most populous metropolitan area and the 68th-most populated
metropolitan area in the U.S. Bethlehem borders Allentown to its west and is 48 miles (77 km) north of
Philadelphia and 72 miles (116 km) west of
New York City. (Full article...)
The Amish (/ˈɑːmɪʃ/;
Pennsylvania German: Amisch; German: Amische), formally the Old Order Amish, are a group of traditionalist
AnabaptistChristianchurch fellowships with
Swiss and
Alsatian origins. As they maintain
a degree of separation from surrounding populations, and hold their faith in common, the Amish have been described by certain scholars as an
ethnoreligious group, combining features of an ethnicity and a Christian denomination. The Amish are closely related to
Old Order Mennonites and
Conservative Mennonites—denominations that are also a part of Anabaptist Christianity. The Amish are known for
simple living,
plain dress,
Christian pacifism, and slowness to adopt many
conveniences of modern technology, with a view neither to interrupt family time, nor replace face-to-face conversations whenever possible, and a view to maintain self-sufficiency. The Amish value rural life, manual labor, humility and Gelassenheit (submission to God's will).
The Amish church began with a
schism in
Switzerland within a group of Swiss and Alsatian Mennonite Anabaptists in 1693 led by
Jakob Ammann. Those who followed Ammann became known as Amish. In the second half of the 19th century, the Amish divided into Old Order Amish and
Amish Mennonites; the latter do not abstain from using motor cars, whereas the Old Order Amish retained much of their traditional culture. When people refer to the Amish today, they normally refer to the Old Order Amish, though there are other
subgroups of Amish. The Amish fall into three main subgroups—the Old Order Amish, the
New Order Amish, and the
Beachy Amish—all of whom wear
plain dress and live their life according to the Bible as codified in their church's Ordnung. The Old Order Amish and New Order Amish conduct their worship in German, speak
Pennsylvania Dutch, and use
buggies for transportation, in contrast to the Beachy Amish who use modern technology (inclusive of motor cars) and conduct worship in the local language of the area in which they reside. Both the New Order Amish and the Beachy Amish emphasize the
New Birth,
evangelize to seek converts, and have
Sunday Schools. (Full article...)
Image 19Bethlehem Steel in
Bethlehem was one of the world's leading steel manufacturers for most of the 19th and 20th century. In 1982, however, it discontinued most of its operations, declared bankruptcy in 2001, and was dissolved in 2003. (from Pennsylvania)
Image 29One of only two confirmed photos of
Abraham Lincoln (sitting in center, facing camera, without his traditional top hat) at
Gettysburg a few hours prior to giving the
Gettysburg Address at
Gettysburg National Cemetery on November 19, 1863. The address, which was only 271 words in length, ranks among the most famed speeches in American history. (from History of Pennsylvania)
Image 35The locomotive Tioga in
Philadelphia in 1848; Pennsylvania was an important railroad center throughout the 19th century. (from History of Pennsylvania)
The
recorded history of Presque Isle begins with the
Erielhonan, a
Native American tribe who gave their name to Lake Erie, and includes French, British, and American forts, as well as serving as a base for
CommodoreOliver Hazard Perry's fleet in the
War of 1812. With the growing importance of
shipping on Lake Erie in the 19th century, Presque Isle became home to several
lighthouses and what later became a
United States Coast Guard station. In 1921, it became a state park, and as of 2007 it hosts over 4 million visitors per year, the most of any Pennsylvania state park. (Full article...)
Bethlehem is a city in
Northampton and
Lehigh Counties in the
Lehigh Valley region of eastern
Pennsylvania, United States. As of the
2020 census, Bethlehem had a total population of 75,781, making it the second-largest city in the Lehigh Valley after
Allentown and the
seventh-largest city in the state. Among its total population as of 2020, 55,639 were in Northampton County and 19,343 were in Lehigh County. The city is located along the
Lehigh River, a 109-mile-long (175 km) tributary of the
Delaware River.
Bethlehem lies in the geographic center of the Lehigh Valley, a metropolitan region of 731 sq mi (1,890 km2) with a population of 861,899 people as of the 2020 census that is Pennsylvania's
third-most populous metropolitan area and the 68th-most populated
metropolitan area in the U.S. Bethlehem borders Allentown to its west and is 48 miles (77 km) north of
Philadelphia and 72 miles (116 km) west of
New York City. (Full article...)
The Amish (/ˈɑːmɪʃ/;
Pennsylvania German: Amisch; German: Amische), formally the Old Order Amish, are a group of traditionalist
AnabaptistChristianchurch fellowships with
Swiss and
Alsatian origins. As they maintain
a degree of separation from surrounding populations, and hold their faith in common, the Amish have been described by certain scholars as an
ethnoreligious group, combining features of an ethnicity and a Christian denomination. The Amish are closely related to
Old Order Mennonites and
Conservative Mennonites—denominations that are also a part of Anabaptist Christianity. The Amish are known for
simple living,
plain dress,
Christian pacifism, and slowness to adopt many
conveniences of modern technology, with a view neither to interrupt family time, nor replace face-to-face conversations whenever possible, and a view to maintain self-sufficiency. The Amish value rural life, manual labor, humility and Gelassenheit (submission to God's will).
The Amish church began with a
schism in
Switzerland within a group of Swiss and Alsatian Mennonite Anabaptists in 1693 led by
Jakob Ammann. Those who followed Ammann became known as Amish. In the second half of the 19th century, the Amish divided into Old Order Amish and
Amish Mennonites; the latter do not abstain from using motor cars, whereas the Old Order Amish retained much of their traditional culture. When people refer to the Amish today, they normally refer to the Old Order Amish, though there are other
subgroups of Amish. The Amish fall into three main subgroups—the Old Order Amish, the
New Order Amish, and the
Beachy Amish—all of whom wear
plain dress and live their life according to the Bible as codified in their church's Ordnung. The Old Order Amish and New Order Amish conduct their worship in German, speak
Pennsylvania Dutch, and use
buggies for transportation, in contrast to the Beachy Amish who use modern technology (inclusive of motor cars) and conduct worship in the local language of the area in which they reside. Both the New Order Amish and the Beachy Amish emphasize the
New Birth,
evangelize to seek converts, and have
Sunday Schools. (Full article...)
Image 19Bethlehem Steel in
Bethlehem was one of the world's leading steel manufacturers for most of the 19th and 20th century. In 1982, however, it discontinued most of its operations, declared bankruptcy in 2001, and was dissolved in 2003. (from Pennsylvania)
Image 29One of only two confirmed photos of
Abraham Lincoln (sitting in center, facing camera, without his traditional top hat) at
Gettysburg a few hours prior to giving the
Gettysburg Address at
Gettysburg National Cemetery on November 19, 1863. The address, which was only 271 words in length, ranks among the most famed speeches in American history. (from History of Pennsylvania)
Image 35The locomotive Tioga in
Philadelphia in 1848; Pennsylvania was an important railroad center throughout the 19th century. (from History of Pennsylvania)
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