Poliçan
Πολύτσανη | |
|---|---|
.svg)  Poliçan | |
| Coordinates: 40°7′53″N 20°21′2″E / 40.13139°N 20.35056°E | |
| Country | 
Albania |
| County | Gjirokastër |
| Municipality | Dropull |
| Municipal unit | Pogon |
| Time zone | UTC+1 ( CET) |
| • Summer ( DST) | UTC+2 ( CEST) |
| Postal Code | 6007
[1] |
Poliçan ( Greek: Πολύτσανη, romanized: Polytsani) is a village in Gjirokastër County, southern Albania. [2] At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Dropull. [3] It is within the wider Pogoni region that stretches in both Greece and Albania. [4] Poliçan was the municipal center of the former Pogon commune in Albania. It is nicknamed "the Bride of the Pogoni region" and is inhabited by ethnic Greeks. [5]
History
Antiquity and Byzantine period
In classical antiquity the region was inhabited by the Chaonians, [6] one of the three major Greek tribes that inhabited ancient Epirus. [7] Polican was identified with the Chaonian settlement Politeiani ( Greek: Πολιτειανή) also known as Polyani ( Greek: Πολυανή). The name appears to be borrowed from the nearby mountain Polyainos. [6] Ancient coins depicting Alexander the Great have been unearthed in Poliçan. [8]
The ancient name has changed to the present form (Polyts(i)ani) during the Slavic invasion (7th-8th century). [6] In the late Byzantine period (11th-15th century) two Christian Orthodox monasteries were erected next to Polican. [6] After the Fall of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade (1204), Polican became part of the Greek Despotate of Epirus and refuge for various Byzantine noble families. [9]
Ottoman period
At the period of Ottoman occupation, that started in mid-15th century, Polican enjoyed a privileged semi-autonomous status which led to economic and cultural flourishing. [9] The settlement was included in the Koinon of Zagori, although geographically it was not part of the Zagori region, but belonged to the Pogoni villages. [4]
In the early 16th century two significant church buildings were erected in the town: Saint Athanasius (1513) and Saint Demetrius (1526). Both of them display unique features of early post-Byzantine art. [10] A Greek school was founded in 1672 by the local Orthodox missionary Sophianos next to the church of Saint Athanasius. [11] The school attracted also students from the nearby regions next to Gjirokastër ( Zagori and Riza). [12]
A second school started operating in 1750, sponsored by a local businessman and benefactor. [11] Greek education was expanded with the foundation of two secondary level schools in 1866, in addition to a boys' and a girls' school in 1866 and 1874 respectively. [13] The local educational institutions became renowned to such a degree that their graduates were eligible for admission to any Greek college in the Ottoman capital Constantinople ( Istanbul) without qualifying examinations. [14] The schools of Polican were financed by the local community and especially by local businessmen and benefactors as well as by the town's diaspora. [15]
20th century
Polican and the rest of the settlements in the Pogon municipality became part of Albania in the 1920s. [16] In 1940, when Axis Italy launched a failed invasion against Greece from Albanian territory during World War II, the town came under the control of the II Army Corps of the Greek forces. [17]
The Greek communities that reside in Pogon have a recognized minority status by the Albanian state. [18] A Greek elementary school is currently operating in Polican. [19]
Demographics
In 1913 the population of Polican was 1,650 (Greek census). [20] During the interwar period it reached ca. 2,500 inhabitants that spoke Greek. [21] but it decreased to 559 in 1989. [22] According to a 2014 report by the Albanian government, there were 729 ethnic Greeks in the village. [23]
Geography and culture
Polican is located on the slopes of Mount Nemërçkë, 13 km (8 mi) from the Greek-Albanian border. [5] [24] It is the northernmost Greek speaking village within the Pogoni region, which is divided between Greece (40 villages) and Albania (7 villages). [4] [18] [24]
In Polican, along with the rest of the Pogoni region, polyphonic singing is part of the local musical tradition. [18]
Notable people
- Sophianos (-1711), Greek-Orthodox bishop and scholar.
References
- ^ "Kodi Postar, Qarku Gjirokastër" [Postal Code, Gjirokastër County] (PDF). Posta Shqiptare. 2017.
- ^ "Location of Derviçan". Retrieved 2010-09-03.
- ^ "Law nr. 115/2014" (PDF) (in Albanian). p. 6371. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
- ^ a b c Giakoumis 2009, p. 15.
- ^ a b Καλανταρίδου, Σοφία. "Αποστολή αλληλεγγύης στην Πολύτσανη Πωγωνίου". enet.gr (in Greek). Eleftherotypia. Retrieved 2015-02-03.
- ^ a b c d Giakoumis 2009, p. 12.
- ^ Boardman, John; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1982). The Cambridge Ancient History - The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C., Part 3: Volume 3 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 430, 434. ISBN 0-521-23447-6.
- ^ Hammond 1967, p. 722.
- ^ a b Giakoumis 2009, p. 141.
- ^ Giakoumis 2009, p. 139.
- ^ a b Koltsida 2008, p. 131.
- ^ Koltsida 2008, p. 197.
- ^ Koltsida 2008, p. 229.
- ^ Koltsida 2008, p. 235.
- ^ Koltsida 2008, pp. 281–285.
- ^ Andreas Hemming; Gentiana Kera; Enriketa Pandelejmoni, eds. (2010). Albania: family, society and culture in the 20th century. Münster [u.a.]: LIT. p. 103. ISBN 9783643501448.
- ^ Carr, John C. (2013). The defence and fall of Greece 1940-1941. Pen and Sword. pp. 82–83. ISBN 9781781591819.
- ^ a b c Tziovas 2003, p. 196.
- ^ "Second Report Submitted by Albania Pursuant to Article 25, Paragraph 2 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities" (PDF). Council of Europe. p. 62. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
- ^ Koltsida 2008, p. 100.
- ^ Hammond 1967, pp. 29, 213.
- ^ Kallivretakis, Leonidas (1995). Η Ελληνική Κοινότητα της Αλβανίας υπό το Πρίσμα της Ιστορικής Γεωγραφίας και Δημογραφίας [The Greek Community of Albania in Terms of Historical Geography and Demography] (in Greek). Εκδόσεις Σιδέρης. p. 57. ISBN 9789600800548. Retrieved 2015-02-02.
- ^ "Fourth Report submitted by Albania pursuant to Article 25, paragraph 2 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Albania. p. 98. Retrieved 2018-12-28.
- ^ a b Hammond 1967, p. 213 "With a population of 2,500 Poliçan is the largest village in the long-rift within the double range of Nemerçkë. The villages to the north-west are Albanian-speaking, while those to the south speak Greek as their mother tongue. Poliçan therefore regards itself as the most northerly village of the area Pogoni."
Sources
- Giakoumis, Georgios (2009). Δύο Πρώιμα Μετα-Βυζαντινά Μνημεία και ο Ζωγραφικός τους Διάκοσμος στο Πωγώνι [Two Early Post-Byzantine Monuments and their Internal Environment in Pogoni] (pdf) (PhD thesis) (in Greek). University of Ioannina. doi: 10.12681/eadd/25277. Retrieved 2014-12-16.
- Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1967). Epirus: The Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas. Clarendon P.
- Koltsida, Athina (2008). Η Εκπαίδευση στη Βόρειο Ήπειρο κατά την Ύστερη Περίοδο της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας [Education in Northern Epirus during the Latter Ottoman Period] (pdf) (PhD thesis) (in Greek). Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Retrieved 2012-12-16.
- Tziovas, Dimitris, ed. (2003). Greece and the Balkans: Identities, Perceptions and Cultural Encounters since the Enlightenment. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. ISBN 9780754609988.
- ΖΩΤΟΥ, ΜΕΝΕΛΑΟΥ; ΓΙΑΝΝΑΡΟΥ, ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΟΡΟΥ. Η ΠΟΛΥΤΣΑΝΗ ΤΗΣ ΒΟΡΕΙΟΥ ΗΠΕΙΡΟΥ. ΕΚΔΟΣΕΙΣ, ΙΩΑΝΝΙΝΑ, 1989.
- Politsanitika Nea Newspaper, Tel. +30 210 5238058 (Greek)
External links
Traditional songs
- Εψές Προψές Απέρασα [One Night, Two Nights Ago I Dropped by].
- Του Γιοφυριού της Άρτας [Song of the Bridge of Arta].
Website
Subdivisions of
Dropull Municipality | ||
|---|---|---|
Municipal Seat:
Dropull | ||
| Administrative Unit of Dropull i Poshtëm |  | |
| Administrative Unit of Dropull i Sipërm | ||
| Administrative Unit of Pogon | ||
Poliçan
Πολύτσανη | |
|---|---|
Poliçan | |
| Coordinates: 40°7′53″N 20°21′2″E / 40.13139°N 20.35056°E | |
| Country |
Albania |
| County | Gjirokastër |
| Municipality | Dropull |
| Municipal unit | Pogon |
| Time zone | UTC+1 ( CET) |
| • Summer ( DST) | UTC+2 ( CEST) |
| Postal Code | 6007
[1] |
Poliçan ( Greek: Πολύτσανη, romanized: Polytsani) is a village in Gjirokastër County, southern Albania. [2] At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Dropull. [3] It is within the wider Pogoni region that stretches in both Greece and Albania. [4] Poliçan was the municipal center of the former Pogon commune in Albania. It is nicknamed "the Bride of the Pogoni region" and is inhabited by ethnic Greeks. [5]
History
Antiquity and Byzantine period
In classical antiquity the region was inhabited by the Chaonians, [6] one of the three major Greek tribes that inhabited ancient Epirus. [7] Polican was identified with the Chaonian settlement Politeiani ( Greek: Πολιτειανή) also known as Polyani ( Greek: Πολυανή). The name appears to be borrowed from the nearby mountain Polyainos. [6] Ancient coins depicting Alexander the Great have been unearthed in Poliçan. [8]
The ancient name has changed to the present form (Polyts(i)ani) during the Slavic invasion (7th-8th century). [6] In the late Byzantine period (11th-15th century) two Christian Orthodox monasteries were erected next to Polican. [6] After the Fall of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade (1204), Polican became part of the Greek Despotate of Epirus and refuge for various Byzantine noble families. [9]
Ottoman period
At the period of Ottoman occupation, that started in mid-15th century, Polican enjoyed a privileged semi-autonomous status which led to economic and cultural flourishing. [9] The settlement was included in the Koinon of Zagori, although geographically it was not part of the Zagori region, but belonged to the Pogoni villages. [4]
In the early 16th century two significant church buildings were erected in the town: Saint Athanasius (1513) and Saint Demetrius (1526). Both of them display unique features of early post-Byzantine art. [10] A Greek school was founded in 1672 by the local Orthodox missionary Sophianos next to the church of Saint Athanasius. [11] The school attracted also students from the nearby regions next to Gjirokastër ( Zagori and Riza). [12]
A second school started operating in 1750, sponsored by a local businessman and benefactor. [11] Greek education was expanded with the foundation of two secondary level schools in 1866, in addition to a boys' and a girls' school in 1866 and 1874 respectively. [13] The local educational institutions became renowned to such a degree that their graduates were eligible for admission to any Greek college in the Ottoman capital Constantinople ( Istanbul) without qualifying examinations. [14] The schools of Polican were financed by the local community and especially by local businessmen and benefactors as well as by the town's diaspora. [15]
20th century
Polican and the rest of the settlements in the Pogon municipality became part of Albania in the 1920s. [16] In 1940, when Axis Italy launched a failed invasion against Greece from Albanian territory during World War II, the town came under the control of the II Army Corps of the Greek forces. [17]
The Greek communities that reside in Pogon have a recognized minority status by the Albanian state. [18] A Greek elementary school is currently operating in Polican. [19]
Demographics
In 1913 the population of Polican was 1,650 (Greek census). [20] During the interwar period it reached ca. 2,500 inhabitants that spoke Greek. [21] but it decreased to 559 in 1989. [22] According to a 2014 report by the Albanian government, there were 729 ethnic Greeks in the village. [23]
Geography and culture
Polican is located on the slopes of Mount Nemërçkë, 13 km (8 mi) from the Greek-Albanian border. [5] [24] It is the northernmost Greek speaking village within the Pogoni region, which is divided between Greece (40 villages) and Albania (7 villages). [4] [18] [24]
In Polican, along with the rest of the Pogoni region, polyphonic singing is part of the local musical tradition. [18]
Notable people
- Sophianos (-1711), Greek-Orthodox bishop and scholar.
References
- ^ "Kodi Postar, Qarku Gjirokastër" [Postal Code, Gjirokastër County] (PDF). Posta Shqiptare. 2017.
- ^ "Location of Derviçan". Retrieved 2010-09-03.
- ^ "Law nr. 115/2014" (PDF) (in Albanian). p. 6371. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
- ^ a b c Giakoumis 2009, p. 15.
- ^ a b Καλανταρίδου, Σοφία. "Αποστολή αλληλεγγύης στην Πολύτσανη Πωγωνίου". enet.gr (in Greek). Eleftherotypia. Retrieved 2015-02-03.
- ^ a b c d Giakoumis 2009, p. 12.
- ^ Boardman, John; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1982). The Cambridge Ancient History - The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C., Part 3: Volume 3 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 430, 434. ISBN 0-521-23447-6.
- ^ Hammond 1967, p. 722.
- ^ a b Giakoumis 2009, p. 141.
- ^ Giakoumis 2009, p. 139.
- ^ a b Koltsida 2008, p. 131.
- ^ Koltsida 2008, p. 197.
- ^ Koltsida 2008, p. 229.
- ^ Koltsida 2008, p. 235.
- ^ Koltsida 2008, pp. 281–285.
- ^ Andreas Hemming; Gentiana Kera; Enriketa Pandelejmoni, eds. (2010). Albania: family, society and culture in the 20th century. Münster [u.a.]: LIT. p. 103. ISBN 9783643501448.
- ^ Carr, John C. (2013). The defence and fall of Greece 1940-1941. Pen and Sword. pp. 82–83. ISBN 9781781591819.
- ^ a b c Tziovas 2003, p. 196.
- ^ "Second Report Submitted by Albania Pursuant to Article 25, Paragraph 2 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities" (PDF). Council of Europe. p. 62. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
- ^ Koltsida 2008, p. 100.
- ^ Hammond 1967, pp. 29, 213.
- ^ Kallivretakis, Leonidas (1995). Η Ελληνική Κοινότητα της Αλβανίας υπό το Πρίσμα της Ιστορικής Γεωγραφίας και Δημογραφίας [The Greek Community of Albania in Terms of Historical Geography and Demography] (in Greek). Εκδόσεις Σιδέρης. p. 57. ISBN 9789600800548. Retrieved 2015-02-02.
- ^ "Fourth Report submitted by Albania pursuant to Article 25, paragraph 2 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Albania. p. 98. Retrieved 2018-12-28.
- ^ a b Hammond 1967, p. 213 "With a population of 2,500 Poliçan is the largest village in the long-rift within the double range of Nemerçkë. The villages to the north-west are Albanian-speaking, while those to the south speak Greek as their mother tongue. Poliçan therefore regards itself as the most northerly village of the area Pogoni."
Sources
- Giakoumis, Georgios (2009). Δύο Πρώιμα Μετα-Βυζαντινά Μνημεία και ο Ζωγραφικός τους Διάκοσμος στο Πωγώνι [Two Early Post-Byzantine Monuments and their Internal Environment in Pogoni] (pdf) (PhD thesis) (in Greek). University of Ioannina. doi: 10.12681/eadd/25277. Retrieved 2014-12-16.
- Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1967). Epirus: The Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas. Clarendon P.
- Koltsida, Athina (2008). Η Εκπαίδευση στη Βόρειο Ήπειρο κατά την Ύστερη Περίοδο της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας [Education in Northern Epirus during the Latter Ottoman Period] (pdf) (PhD thesis) (in Greek). Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Retrieved 2012-12-16.
- Tziovas, Dimitris, ed. (2003). Greece and the Balkans: Identities, Perceptions and Cultural Encounters since the Enlightenment. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. ISBN 9780754609988.
- ΖΩΤΟΥ, ΜΕΝΕΛΑΟΥ; ΓΙΑΝΝΑΡΟΥ, ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΟΡΟΥ. Η ΠΟΛΥΤΣΑΝΗ ΤΗΣ ΒΟΡΕΙΟΥ ΗΠΕΙΡΟΥ. ΕΚΔΟΣΕΙΣ, ΙΩΑΝΝΙΝΑ, 1989.
- Politsanitika Nea Newspaper, Tel. +30 210 5238058 (Greek)
External links
Traditional songs
- Εψές Προψές Απέρασα [One Night, Two Nights Ago I Dropped by].
- Του Γιοφυριού της Άρτας [Song of the Bridge of Arta].
Website
Subdivisions of
Dropull Municipality | ||
|---|---|---|
Municipal Seat:
Dropull | ||
| Administrative Unit of Dropull i Poshtëm | | |
| Administrative Unit of Dropull i Sipërm | ||
| Administrative Unit of Pogon | ||