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Nickel–Strunz 9 ed mineral class number 8 (isolated tetrahedral units, mainly)
Phosphate minerals are
minerals that contain the tetrahedrally coordinated
phosphate (PO43−)
anion, sometimes with
arsenate (AsO43−) and
vanadate (VO43−) substitutions, along with
chloride (Cl−),
fluoride (F−), and
hydroxide (OH−) anions, that also fit into the
crystal structure.
The phosphate class of minerals is a large and diverse group, however, only a few species are relatively common.
Applications
Phosphate rock has high concentration of phosphate minerals, most commonly from the
apatite group of minerals. It is the major resource mined to produce phosphate fertilizers for the agricultural industry. Phosphate is also used in
animal feed supplements,
food preservatives,
anti-corrosion agents,
cosmetics,
fungicides,
ceramics,
water treatment and
metallurgy.
The production of fertilizer is the largest source responsible for minerals mined for their
phosphate content.
Phosphate minerals are often used to control rust, and to prevent corrosion on ferrous materials applied with
electrochemical conversion coatings.
Examples
Phosphate minerals include:
-
Triphylite Li(Fe,Mn)PO4
-
Monazite (La,
Y, Nd, Sm,
Gd, Ce,
Th)PO4, rare earth metals
-
Hinsdalite PbAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
-
Pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3Cl
-
Amblygonite LiAlPO4F
-
Lazulite (Mg,Fe)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2
-
Wavellite Al3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O
-
Turquoise CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·5H2O
-
Autunite Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O
-
Phosphophyllite Zn2(Fe,Mn)(PO4)2•4H2O
-
Struvite (NH4)MgPO4·6H2O
-
Xenotime-Y Y(PO4)
-
Apatite group Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)
- Mitridatite group:
Nickel–Strunz classification -08- phosphates
IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses it to modify the
classification of Nickel–Strunz (
mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication).
- Abbreviations:
- "*" – discredited (IMA/CNMNC status).
- "?" – questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status).
- "REE" –
Rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
- "PGE" –
Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
- 03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
- Neso: insular (from
Greek νησος nēsos, island)
- Soro: grouping (from Greek σωροῦ sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn))
- Cyclo: ring
- Ino: chain (from Greek ις [genitive: ινος inos], fibre)
- Phyllo: sheet (from Greek φύλλον phyllon, leaf)
- Tekto: three-dimensional framework
- Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
- NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
- X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
- Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
- ##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter
Class: phosphates
- 08.A Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without
H2O
- 08.AA With small cations (some also with larger ones): 05
Berlinite, 05
Rodolicoite; 10
Beryllonite, 15
Hurlbutite, 20
Lithiophosphate, 25
Nalipoite, 30
Olympite
- 08.AB With medium-sized cations: 05
Farringtonite; 10
Ferrisicklerite, 10
Heterosite, 10
Natrophilite, 10
Lithiophilite, 10
Purpurite, 10
Sicklerite, 10
Simferite, 10
Triphylite; 15
Chopinite, 15
Sarcopside; 20
Beusite, 20
Graftonite
- 08.AC With medium-sized and large cations: 10 IMA2008-054, 10
Alluaudite, 10
Hagendorfite, 10
Ferroalluaudite, 10
Maghagendorfite, 10
Varulite, 10
Ferrohagendorfite*; 15
Bobfergusonite, 15
Ferrowyllieite, 15
Qingheiite, 15
Rosemaryite, 15
Wyllieite, 15
Ferrorosemaryite; 20
Maricite, 30
Brianite, 35
Vitusite-(Ce); 40
Olgite?, 40
Bario-olgite; 45
Ferromerrillite, 45
Bobdownsite, 45 Merrillite-(Ca)*, 45
Merrillite, 45 Merrillite-(Y)*, 45
Whitlockite, 45
Tuite, 45
Strontiowhitlockite; 50
Stornesite-(Y), 50
Xenophyllite, 50
Fillowite, 50
Chladniite, 50
Johnsomervilleite, 50
Galileiite; 55
Harrisonite, 60
Kosnarite, 65
Panethite, 70
Stanfieldite, 90 IMA2008-064
- 08.AD With only large cations: 05
Nahpoite, 10
Monetite, 15
Archerite, 15
Biphosphammite; 20
Phosphammite, 25
Buchwaldite; 35
Pretulite, 35
Xenotime-(Y), 35 Xenotime-(Yb); 45
Ximengite, 50
Monazite-(Ce), 50 Monazite-(La), 50 Monazite-(Nd), 50 Monazite-(Sm), 50
Brabantite?
- 08.B Phosphates, etc. with Additional Anions, without H2O
- 08.BA With small and medium-sized cations: 05
Vayrynenite; 10
Hydroxylherderite, 10
Herderite; 15
Babefphite
- 08.BB With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 £1:1: 05
Amblygonite, 05
Natromontebrasite?, 05
Montebrasite?, 05
Tavorite; 10
Zwieselite, 10
Triplite, 10
Magniotriplite?, 10
Hydroxylwagnerite; 15
Joosteite, 15
Stanekite, 15
Triploidite, 15
Wolfeite, 15
Wagnerite; 20
Satterlyite, 20
Holtedahlite; 25
Althausite; 30
Libethenite, 30
Zincolibethenite; 35
Tarbuttite; 40
Barbosalite, 40
Hentschelite, 40
Scorzalite, 40
Lazulite; 45
Trolleite, 55
Phosphoellenbergerite; 90
Zinclipscombite, 90
Lipscombite, 90
Richellite
- 08.BC With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 1:1 and < 2:1: 10
Plimerite, 10
Frondelite, 10
Rockbridgeite
- 08.BD With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 2:1: 05
Pseudomalachite, 05
Reichenbachite, 10
Gatehouseite, 25
Ludjibaite
- 08.BE With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1: 05
Augelite, 10
Grattarolaite, 15
Cornetite, 30
Raadeite, 85
Waterhouseite
- 08.BF With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 0.5:1: 05
Arrojadite, 05 Arrojadite-(BaFe), 05 Arrojadite-(KFe), 05 Arrojadite-(NaFe), 05 Arrojadite-(SrFe), 05 Arrojadite-(KNa), 05 Arrojadite-(PbFe), 05 Arrojadite-(BaNa), 05
Fluorarrojadite-(BaNa), 05 Fluorarrojadite-(KNa), 05 Fluorarrojadite-(BaFe), 05
Ferri-arrojadite-(BaNa), 05
Dickinsonite, 05 Dickinsonite-(KNa), 05 Dickinsonite-(KMnNa), 05 Dickinsonite-(KNaNa), 05 Dickinsonite-(NaNa); 10
Samuelsonite, 15
Griphite, 20
Nabiasite
- 08.BG With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 0.5:1: 05
Bearthite, 05
Goedkenite, 05
Tsumebite; 10
Melonjosephite, 15
Tancoite
- 08.BH With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1: 05
Thadeuite; 10
Lacroixite, 10
Isokite, 10
Panasqueiraite; 15
Drugmanite; 20
Bjarebyite, 20
Kulanite, 20
Penikisite, 20
Perloffite, 20
Johntomaite; 25
Bertossaite, 25
Palermoite; 55
Jagowerite, 60
Attakolite
- 08.BK With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.): 05
Brazilianite, 15
Curetonite, 25
Lulzacite
- 08.BL With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 3:1: 05
Corkite, 05
Hinsdalite, 05
Orpheite, 05
Woodhouseite, 05
Svanbergite; 10
Kintoreite, 10
Benauite, 10
Crandallite, 10
Goyazite, 10
Springcreekite, 10
Gorceixite; 10
Lusungite?, 10
Plumbogummite, 10
Ferrazite?; 13
Eylettersite, 13
Florencite-(Ce), 13 Florencite-(La), 13 Florencite-(Nd), 13
Waylandite, 13
Zairite; 15
Viitaniemiite, 20
Kuksite, 25
Pattersonite
- 08.BM With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 4:1: 10
Paulkellerite, 15
Brendelite
- 08.BN With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 0.33:1: 05 IMA2008-068, 05
Phosphohedyphane, 05 IMA2008-009, 05
Alforsite, 05
Apatite*, 05 Apatite-(CaOH), 05 Apatite-(CaCl), 05 Apatite-(CaF), 05 Apatite-(SrOH), 05 Apatite-(CaOH)-M,
Carbonate-fluorapatite?, 05
Carbonate-hydroxylapatite?, 05
Belovite-(Ce), 05 Belovite-(La), 05
Fluorcaphite, 05
Pyromorphite, 05
Hydroxylpyromorphite, 05
Deloneite-(Ce), 05
Kuannersuite-(Ce), 10
Arctite
- 08.BO With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 1:1: 05
Nacaphite, 10
Petitjeanite, 15
Smrkovecite, 25
Heneuite, 30
Nefedovite, 40
Artsmithite
- 08.C Phosphates without Additional Anions, with H2O
- 08.CA With small and large/medium cations: 05
Fransoletite, 05
Parafransoletite; 10
Ehrleite, 15
Faheyite; 20
Gainesite, 20
Mccrillisite, 20
Selwynite; 25
Pahasapaite, 30
Hopeite, 40
Phosphophyllite; 45
Parascholzite, 45
Scholzite; 65
Gengenbachite, 70
Parahopeite
- 08.CB With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:1: 05
Serrabrancaite, 10
Hureaulite
- 08.CC With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:1.5: 05
Garyansellite, 05
Kryzhanovskite, 05
Landesite, 05
Phosphoferrite, 05
Reddingite
- 08.CD With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:2: 05
Kolbeckite, 05
Metavariscite, 05
Phosphosiderite; 10
Strengite, 10
Variscite; 20
Ludlamite
- 08.CE With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O £1:2.5: 10
Newberyite, 20
Phosphorrosslerite; 25
Metaswitzerite, 25
Switzerite; 35
Bobierrite; 40
Arupite, 40
Baricite, 40
Vivianite, 40
Pakhomovskyite; 50
Cattiite, 55
Koninckite; 75 IMA2008-046, 75
Malhmoodite; 80
Santabarbaraite, 85
Metavivianite
- 08.CF With large and medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O > 1:1: 05
Tassieite, 05
Wicksite, 05
Bederite; 10
Haigerachite
- 08.CG With large and medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:1: 05
Collinsite, 05
Cassidyite, 05
Fairfieldite, 05
Messelite, 05
Hillite, (05 Uranophane-beta but
Uranophane 09.AK.15); 20
Phosphogartrellite
- 08.CH With large and medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O < 1:1: 10
Anapaite, 20
Dittmarite, 20
Niahite, 25
Francoanellite, 25
Taranakite, 30
Schertelite, 35
Hannayite, 40
Hazenite, 40
Struvite, 40 Struvite-(K), 45
Rimkorolgite, 50
Bakhchisaraitsevite, 55 IMA2008-048
- 08.CJ With only large cations: 05
Stercorite, 10
Mundrabillaite, 10
Swaknoite, 15
Nastrophite, 15
Nabaphite, 45
Brockite, 45
Grayite, 45
Rhabdophane-(Ce), 45 Rhabdophane-(La), 45 Rhabdophane-(Nd), 45
Tristramite, 50
Brushite, 50
Churchite-(Dy)*, 50 Churchite-(Nd), 50 Churchite-(Y), 50
Ardealite, 60
Dorfmanite, 70
Catalanoite, 80
Ningyoite
- 08.D Phosphates
- 08.DA With small (and occasionally larger) cations: 05
Moraesite, 10
Footemineite, 10
Ruifrancoite, 10
Guimaraesite, 10
Roscherite, 10
Zanazziite, 10
Atencioite, 10
Greifensteinite; 15
Uralolite, 20
Weinebeneite, 25
Tiptopite, 30
Veszelyite, 35
Kipushite, 40
Spencerite, 45
Glucine
- 08.DB With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 1:1: 05
Diadochite, 10
Vashegyite, 15
Schoonerite, 20
Sinkankasite, 25
Mitryaevaite, 30
Sanjuanite, 50
Giniite, 55
Sasaite, 60
Mcauslanite, 65
Goldquarryite, 70
Birchite
- 08.DC With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1: 05
Nissonite; 15
Kunatite, 15
Earlshannonite, 15
Whitmoreite; 17
Kleemanite, 20
Bermanite, 207?
Oxiberaunite*, 22
Kovdorskite; 25
Ferrostrunzite, 25
Ferristrunzite, 25
Metavauxite, 25
Strunzite; 27
Beraunite; 30
Gordonite, 30
Laueite, 30
Sigloite, 30
Paravauxite, 30
Ushkovite, 30
Ferrolaueite, 30
Mangangordonite, 30
Pseudolaueite, 30
Stewartite, 30
Kastningite, 35
Vauxite, 37
Vantasselite, 40
Cacoxenite; 45
Gormanite, 45
Souzalite; 47
Kingite; 50
Wavellite, 50
Allanpringite, 52
Kribergite, 60
Nevadaite
- 08.DD With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 2:1: 15
Aheylite, 15
Chalcosiderite, 15
Faustite, 15
Planerite, 15
Turquoise; 20
Ernstite, 20
Childrenite, 20
Eosphorite
- 08.DE With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 3:1: 05
Senegalite, 10
Fluellite, 20
Zapatalite, (35 Alumoakermanite, Mindat.org: 09.BB.10), 35
Aldermanite
- 08.DF With only medium-sized cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 > 3:1: 05
Hotsonite-VII, 05 Hotsonite-VI; 10
Bolivarite, 10
Evansite, 10
Rosieresite, 25
Sieleckiite, 40
Gladiusite
- 08.DG With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 0.5:1: 05
Sampleite
- 08.DH With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 1:1: 05
Minyulite; 10
Leucophosphite, 10
Spheniscidite, 10
Tinsleyite; 15
Kaluginite*, 15
Keckite, 15
Jahnsite-(CaMnFe), 15 Jahnsite-(CaMnMg), 15 Jahnsite-(CaMnMn), 15 Jahnsite-(MnMnMn)*, 15 Jahnsite-(CaFeFe), 15 Jahnsite-(NaFeMg), 15 Jahnsite-(CaMgMg), 15 Jahnsite-(NaMnMg), 15
Rittmannite, 15
Whiteite-(MnFeMg), 15 Whiteite-(CaFeMg), 15 Whiteite-(CaMnMg); 20
Manganosegelerite, 20
Overite, 20
Segelerite, 20
Wilhelmvierlingite, 20
Juonniite; 25
Calcioferrite, 25
Kingsmountite, 25
Montgomeryite, 25
Zodacite; 30
Lunokite, 30
Pararobertsite, 30
Robertsite, 30
Mitridatite; 35
Matveevite?, 35
Mantienneite, 35
Paulkerrite, 35
Benyacarite, 40
Xanthoxenite, 55
Englishite
- 08.DJ With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:l: 05
Johnwalkite, 05
Olmsteadite, 10
Gatumbaite, 20
Meurigite-Na, 20 Meurigite-K, 20
Phosphofibrite, 25
Jungite, 30
Wycheproofite, 35
Ercitite, 40
Mrazekite
- 08.DK With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 1:1 and < 2:1: 15
Matioliite, 15 IMA2008-056, 15
Dufrenite, 15
Burangaite, 15
Natrodufrenite; 20
Kidwellite, 25
Bleasdaleite, 30
Matulaite, 35
Krasnovite
- 08.DL With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 2:1: 05
Foggite; 10
Cyrilovite, 10
Millisite, 10
Wardite; 15
Petersite-(Y), 15
Calciopetersite; 25
Angastonite
- 08.DM With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1: 05
Morinite, 15
Melkovite, 25
Gutsevichite?, 35
Delvauxite
- 08.DN With only large cations: 05
Natrophosphate, 10
Isoclasite, 15
Lermontovite, 20
Vyacheslavite
- 08.DO With CO3, SO4, SiO4: 05
Girvasite, 10
Voggite, 15
Peisleyite, 20
Perhamite, 25
Saryarkite-(Y), 30
Micheelsenite, 40
Parwanite, 45
Skorpionite
- 08.E Uranyl Phosphates
- 08.EA UO2:RO4 = 1:2: 05
Phosphowalpurgite, 10
Parsonsite, 15
Ulrichite, 20
Lakebogaite
- 08.EB UO2:RO4 = 1:1: 05
Autunite, 05
Uranocircite, 05
Torbernite, 05
Xiangjiangite, 05
Saleeite; 10
Bassetite, 10
Meta-autunite, 10
Metauranocircite, 10
Metatorbernite, 10
Lehnerite, 10
Przhevalskite; 15
Chernikovite, 15
Meta-ankoleite, 15
Uramphite; 20
Threadgoldite, 25
Uranospathite, 30
Vochtenite, 35
Coconinoite, 40
Ranunculite, 45
Triangulite, 50
Furongite, 55
Sabugalite
- 08.EC UO2:RO4 = 3:2: 05
Francoisite-(Ce), 05 Francoisite-(Nd), 05
Phuralumite, 05
Upalite; 10
Kivuite?, 10
Yingjiangite, 10
Renardite, 10
Dewindtite, 10
Phosphuranylite; 15
Dumontite; 20
Metavanmeersscheite, 20
Vanmeersscheite; 25
Althupite, 30
Mundite, 35
Phurcalite, 40
Bergenite
- 08.ED Unclassified: 05
Moreauite, 10
Sreinite, 15
Kamitugaite
- 08.F Polyphosphates
- 08.X Unclassified Strunz Phosphates
- 08.XX Unknown: 00
Sodium-autunite, 00
Pseudo-autunite*, 00
Cheralite-(Ce)?, 00
Laubmannite?, 00
Spodiosite?, 00
Sodium meta-autunite, 00
Kerstenite?, 00
Lewisite, 00
Coeruleolactite, 00
Viseite, 00 IMA2009-005
References
- Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York
ISBN
0-471-80580-7
- Stuart J. Mills; Frédéric Hatert; Ernest H. Nickel & Giovanni Ferraris (2009).
"The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals" (PDF). Eur. J. Mineral. 21 (5): 1073–1080.
Bibcode:
2009EJMin..21.1073M.
doi:
10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994. Archived from
the original (PDF) on Oct 30, 2013.
- Ernest H. Nickel & Monte C. Nichols (March 2009).
"IMA/CNMNC List of Mineral Name" (PDF). IMA-CNMNC. Archived from
the original (PDF) on Jun 26, 2013.
- Ferraiolo, Jim.
"Minerals Arranged by Nickel-Strunz (Version 10) Classification". Mineralogy Database.
Archived from the original on Aug 4, 2023.
-
Webmineral - Dana
-
- Australian Mineral Atlas
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"Special cases" ("native elements and organic minerals") | |
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"Sulfides and oxides" |
-
Sulfides (IDs 2.A–F)
-
Sulfosalts; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites (IDs 2.G)
- Sulfosalts; sulfarsenates, sulfantimonates (IDs 2.K)
- Other sulfosalts (IDs 2.H–J and 2.L–M)
- Tellurium oxysalts
- Vanadium oxides (IDs 4.H)
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"Evaporites and similars" | |
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"Mineral structures with tetrahedral units" (sulfate anion, phosphate anion, silicon, etc.) |
- Monomeric minerals (similar to nesosilicates)
-
Sulfates(VI) (IDs 7.A–E)
- Thiosulphates (IDs 7.J)
- Silicate frameworks, tectosilicates
- Other tectosilicates (IDs 9.FA. and 9.FB.15, e.g.
feldspars)
- Other silicate frameworks
- Ribbon or multiple chain inosilicates (IDs 9.D, e.g.
amphiboles)
- Other non monomeric minerals
- Unclassified silicates (IDs 9.H)
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