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Sulfide minerals of a metal and a semi-metal
Structure of
proustite Ag3 AsS3 , a classic sulfosalt, which can be viewed as the Ag+ salt of AsS3− 3 . Sulfosalts characteristically feature A–S–B linkages, where A and B are different metals or metalloids.
Sulfosalt minerals are
sulfide minerals with the general formula Am Bn Xp , where
A represents a
metal such as
copper ,
lead ,
silver ,
iron , and rarely
mercury ,
zinc ,
vanadium
B usually represents
semi-metal such as
arsenic ,
antimony ,
bismuth , and rarely
germanium , or metals like
tin and rarely
vanadium
X is
sulfur or rarely
selenium and/or
tellurium .
[1]
The
Strunz classification includes the sulfosalts in a sulfides and sulfosalts superclass.
[1] A group which have similar appearing formulas are the
sulfarsenides (for example
cobaltite (Co,Fe)AsS). In sulfarsenides the arsenic substitutes for
sulfide
anions whereas in the sulfosalts the arsenic substitutes for a metal
cation .
[2]
About 200 sulfosalt minerals are known. Examples include:
[3]
As illustrated by this specimen of
proustite , sulfosalt minerals are often deeply colored.
A3 BX3 type
A3 BX4 type
A2 BX3 type
ABX2 type
A2 B2 X5 type
A2 B3 X6 type
AB2 X4 type
Nickel–Strunz Classification -02- Sulfosalts
IMA -CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses the
Classification of Nickel–Strunz (
mindat.org , 10 ed, pending publication).
Abbreviations:
"*" – discredited (IMA/CNMNC status).
"?" – questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status).
"REE" –
Rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
"PGE" –
Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
Neso: insular (from
Greek νῆσος nēsos , island)
Soro: grouping (from
Greek σωρός sōros , heap, mound (especially of corn))
Cyclo: ring (from
Greek κύκλος kyklos , wheel, ring, round)
Ino: chain (from
Greek ἴς [genitive: ἰνός inos ], fibre)
Phyllo: sheet (from
Greek φύλλον phyllon , leaf)
Tekto: three-dimensional framework (from
Greek stem τεκτ- tekt- in words having to do with carpentry)
Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter
02.G Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfobismuthites
02.G: IMA2007-010
02.GA Neso-sulfarsenites, etc., without additional S: 05
Proustite , 05
Pyrargyrite ; 10
Xanthoconite , 10
Pyrostilpnite ; 15
Samsonite ; 20
Wittichenite , 20
Skinnerite , 25
Malyshevite , 25
Lisiguangite , 25
Muckeite , 25
Lapieite ; 30
Aktashite , 30
Nowackiite , 30
Gruzdevite ; 35
Laffittite ; 40
Stalderite , 40
Routhierite ; 45
Erniggliite ; 50
Seligmannite , 50
Soucekite , 50
Bournonite
02.GB Neso-sulfarsenites, etc.: 05
Argentotennantite , 05
Giraudite , 05
Goldfieldite , 05
Freibergite , 05
Hakite , 05
Tennantite , 05
Tetrahedrite ; 10
Selenostephanite , 10
Stephanite ; 15
Cupropearceite , 15
Selenopolybasite , 15
Cupropolybasite , 15
Polybasite , 15
Pearceite , 15
Antimonpearceite , 15
Arsenpolybasite , 20
Galkhaite
02.GC Poly-sulfarsenites: 05
Hatchite , 05
Wallisite ; 10
Sinnerite , 15
Watanabeite , 20
Simonite , 25
Qratite , 30
Smithite , 35
Trechmannite , 40a
Aleksite , 40b
Kochkarite , 40c
Rucklidgeite , 40c
Poubaite , 40d
Saddlebackite , 40e
Babkinite ; 45
Tvalchrelidzeite , 50
Mutnovskite
02.H Sulfosalts of SnS Archetype
02.HA With Cu, Ag, Fe (without Pb): 05
Emplectite , 05
Chalcostibite ; 10
Miargyrite , 15
Livingstonite ; 20
Berthierite , 20
Clerite , 20
Garavellite ; 25
Baumstarkite , 25
Aramayoite
02.HB With Cu, Ag, Hg, Fe, Sn and Pb: 05a
Krupkaite , 05a
Aikinite , 05a
Hammarite , 05a
Gladite , 05a
Friedrichite , 05a
Lindstromite , 05a
Pekoite , 05a
Paarite , 05a
Emilite , 05a
Salzburgite , 05b
Meneghinite , 05c
Jaskolskiite ; 10a
Kobellite , 10a
Tintinaite , 10b
Giessenite , 10b
Izoklakeite , 10c
Eclarite ; 15
Jamesonite , 15
Benavidesite ; 20a
Nagyagite , 20b
Buckhornite , 20c
Museumite , 20d
Berryite , 20e
Watkinsonite
02.HC With only Pb: 05a
Sartorite , 05a
Twinnite , 05a
Guettardite , 05b
Baumhauerite , 05b Baumhauerite-2a, 05c
Liveingite , 05d
Dufrenoysite , 05d
Veenite , 05d
Rathite , 05e
Chabourneite , 05f
Pierrotite , 05f
Parapierrotite , 05g
Marumoite ; 10a
Fuloppite , 10b
Bismutoplagionite *, 10b
Plagionite , 10c
Heteromorphite , 10d
Semseyite , 10d
Rayite ; 15
Boulangerite , 15
Falkmanite , 15
Plumosite *; 20
Robinsonite , 25
Moeloite , 30
Dadsonite , 35
Zoubekite , 35
Owyheeite
02.HD With Tl: 05
Lorandite , 05
Weissbergite ; 15
Christite , 20
Jankovicite , 25
Rebulite , 30
Imhofite , 35
Edenharterite , 40
Jentschite , 45
Hutchinsonite , 50
Bernardite , 55
Sicherite , 60
Gabrielite
02.HE With alkalies, H2 O : 05
Gerstleyite
02.HF With SnS and PbS archetype structure units: 20
Vrbaite ; 25a
Abramovite , 25a
Levyclaudite , 25a
Cylindrite , 25b
Coiraite , 25b
Incaite , 25b
Potosiite , 25b
Franckeite ; 30
Lengenbachite
02.J Sulfosalts of PbS Archetype
02.JA Galena derivatives with little or no Pb: 05a IMA2005-036, 05a IMA2008-058, 05a
Cupropavonite , 05a
Pavonite , 05b
Grumiplucite , 05c
Kudriavite , 05d
Cupromakovickyite , 05d
Makovickyite , 05e
Benjaminite , 05f
Mummeite , 05g
Borodaevite , 05h
Mozgovaite ; 10a
Cuprobismutite , 10b
Kupcikite , 10c
Hodrushite , 10d
Pizgrischite , 10e
Paderaite ; 15
Cuboargyrite , 15
Schapbachite ; 20
Bohdanowiczite , 20
Matildite , 20
Volynskite
02.JB Galena derivatives, with Pb: 05
Diaphorite , 10
Cosalite ; 15
Marrite , 15
Freieslebenite ; 20
Cannizzarite , 20
Wittite ; 25a
Junoite , 25b
Felbertalite , 25c
Nordstromite , 25d
Proudite , 25g
Nuffieldite , 25i IMA2008-053, 25i
Neyite , 25j
Rouxelite ; 30a
Jordanite , 30a
Geocronite , 30b
Kirkiite , 30c
Tsugaruite ; 35a
Zinkenite , 35b
Scainiite , 35c
Pillaite , 35d
Pellouxite ; 40a
Bursaite ?, 40a
Gustavite , 40a
Lillianite , 40a
Xilingolite , 40a
Treasurite , 40a
Vikingite , 40a
Fizelyite , 40a
Andorite , 40a
Roshchinite , 40a
Uchucchacuaite , 40a
Ramdohrite , 40b
Aschamalmite , 40b
Eskimoite , 40b
Heyrovskyite , 40c
Ourayite , 40d
Schirmerite , 40e
Ustarasite ; 45
Angelaite , 45
Galenobismutite , 45
Weibullite ; 55
Gratonite , 60
Marrucciite , 65
Vurroite
02.JC Galena derivatives, with Tl: 05
Ellisite , 10
Gillulyite
02.K Sulfarsenates, Sulfantimonates
02.L Unclassified Sulfosalts
02.LA Without essential Pb: 10
Dervillite , 15
Daomanite *, 20
Vaughanite , 25
Criddleite , 30
Fettelite , 35
Chameanite , 40
Arcubisite , 45
Mgriite , 50
Benleonardite , 55
Tsnigriite , 60
Borovskite , 65
Jonassonite
02.LB With essential Pb: 05
Miharaite , 20
Ardaite , 30
Madocite , 35
Larosite ; 40
Petrovicite , 40
Mazzettiite ; 45
Crerarite , 50
Launayite , 55
Playfairite , 60
Sorbyite , 65
Sterryite
02.M
02.X Unclassified Strunz Sulfosalts
Many sulfosalts can be prepared in the laboratory, including many that do not occur in nature.
[4] [
which? ]
^
a
b
"Strunz classification of sulfides and sulfosalts" . Mindat.
^ Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius S. Hurlbut (1985). Manual of Mineralogy , 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York
ISBN
0-471-80580-7 .
^ Palache, C., H. Berman, and C. Frondel (1944). Dana’s System of Mineralogy, (7th edition), v. I, pp. 348–350
^ Sheldrick, William S.; Wachhold, Michael "Chalcogenidometalates of the heavier Group 14 and 15 elements" Coordination Chemistry Reviews 1998, vol. 176, 211–322.
doi :
10.1016/S0010-8545(98)00120-9
Mozgova N.N. (2000). Sulfosalt mineralogy today . In: Modern Approaches to Ore and Environmental Mineralogy , MSF Mini-Symposium Espoo Finland, June 11–17, 2000,
https://web.archive.org/web/20050907172937/http://www.igem.ru/igem/mine/sulfosalts.htm Retrieved July 22, 2005.
Moëlo, Yves ; Makovicky, Emil; Mozgova, Nadejda N.; Jambor, John L.; Cook, Nigel; Pring, Allan; Paar, Werner;
Nickel, Ernest H. ; et al. (2008).
"Sulfosalt systematics: a review. Report of the sulfosalt sub-committee of the IMA Commission on Ore Mineralogy" (PDF) . European Journal of Mineralogy . 20 (1): 7.
doi :
10.1127/0935-1221/2008/0020-1778 .
Stuart J. Mills; Frédéric Hatert; Ernest H. Nickel & Giovanni Ferraris (2009).
"The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals" (PDF) . Eur. J. Mineral . 21 (5): 1073–1080.
doi :
10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994 .
Ernest H. Nickel & Monte C. Nichols (March 2009).
"IMA-CNMNC List of Mineral Names" (PDF) . IMA-CNMNC.
Ferraiolo, Jim.
"Nickel–Strunz (Version 10) Classification System" . webmineral.com.
"Special cases" ("native elements and organic minerals") "Sulfides and oxides"
Sulfides (IDs 2.A–F)
Sulfosalts ; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites (IDs 2.G)
Sulfosalts; sulfarsenates, sulfantimonates (IDs 2.K)
Other sulfosalts (IDs 2.H–J and 2.L–M)
Tellurium oxysalts
Vanadium oxides (IDs 4.H)
"Evaporites and similars" "Mineral structures with tetrahedral units" (sulfate anion, phosphate anion, silicon, etc.)
Monomeric minerals (similar to nesosilicates)
Sulfates (VI) (IDs 7.A–E)
Thiosulphates (IDs 7.J)
Silicate frameworks, tectosilicates
Other tectosilicates (IDs 9.FA. and 9.FB.15, e.g.
feldspars )
Other silicate frameworks
Ribbon or multiple chain inosilicates (IDs 9.D, e.g.
amphiboles )
Other non monomeric minerals
Unclassified silicates (IDs 9.H)