| Bakur | |
|---|---|
| King of Armenia | |
| Reign | 161–163 |
| Predecessor | Sohaemus |
| Successor | Sohaemus |
| Dynasty | Arsacid dynasty |
| Father | Vologases IV |
| Religion | Zoroastrianism |
Bakur, also known as Aurelius Pacorus or Pacorus [1] ( Latinized: Bacurius, Aurelius Pacorus Greek: Αύρήλιος Πάκορος) was a Parthian Prince who served as one of the Kings of Armenia in the 2nd century.
Bakur was a son of the Parthian monarch Vologases IV ( r. 147–191). [2] He is known from a Greek funeral inscription [3] in Rome [4] as a dedication from him in honoring the memory of his brother Aurelius Merithates. [5] In the inscription dedication Bakur describes himself as:
- Αύρήλιος Πάκορος βασιλεύς μεγάλης Άρμενίας [6]
or from the Greek translation
- Aurelius Pacorus King of Greater Armenia [7]
From the inscription it is evident that Bakur's brother lived and died in Rome. [8] The inscription also shows that Bakur lived for a time in Rome and had friends in Rome. [9] The name Aurelius points to a close connection with the imperial house [10] of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty. At some point Bakur and his brother received Roman citizenship [11] from an emperor of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty, perhaps from Lucius Verus [12] either before or after Bakur's Armenian Kingship. [13]
Bakur is known to have ruled Armenia in the second century and is the only Bakur to be appointed as King of Armenia by a ruling King of Parthia who was removed by Lucius Verus. [14] During the Roman Parthian War of 161-166, Vologases IV of Parthia in 161/162 entered the Roman Client Kingdom of Armenia, expelled the Roman Client Armenian King Sohaemus and installed Bakur as a Parthian Client King of Armenia. [15] [16]
Bakur served as an Armenian King from 161 until 163 when Lucius Verus arrived with the Roman Army in Armenia. [17] Bakur was dethroned by the Romans when they captured Armenia and the Armenian capital. [18] After Bakur was dethroned, Sohaemus was reinstalled to his Armenian Kingship. [19] Bakur's fate is unknown afterwards, however he may have been brought to live in Rome by Lucius Verus. [20]
References
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.70
- ^ Russell 1987, p. 161.
- ^ De Jong, Traditions of the Magi: Zoroastrianism in Greek and Latin Literature, p.315
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.70
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.70
- ^ Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, p.302
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.70
- ^ Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, p.302
- ^ Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, p.302
- ^ Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, p.302
- ^ Braund, Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, p.p.43&45
- ^ Braund, Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, p.p.43&45
- ^ Braund, Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, p.p.43&45
- ^ Braund, Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, p.43
- ^ Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, p.302
- ^ Birley, Marcus Aurelius, p.121
- ^ Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, p.302
- ^ Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, p.302
- ^ Braund, Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, p.43
- ^ Braund, Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, p.45
Sources
- Schottky, Martin (2010). "Armenische Arsakiden zur Zeit der Antonine. Ein Beitrag zur Korrektur der armenischen Königsliste". ANABASIS Studia Classica et Orientalia. 1: 208–224. ISSN 2082-8993. (in German)
- Federico, Frasson (2016). "Armenia and Armenians in Asinius Quadratus' Παρθικά". In Traina, Giusto; Pagani, Lara; Gazzano, Francesca (eds.). Greek Texts and Armenian Traditions: An Interdisciplinary Approach. De Gruyter. pp. 163–194. ISBN 9783110488661.
- Juntunen, Kai (2014). "The Arrogant Armenian – Tiridates (Bagratuni) in Cassius Dio and Movses Khorenats'i". Arctos - Acta Philologica Fennica. 47: 153–172. ISSN 0570-734X.
- Russell, James R. (1987). Zoroastrianism in Armenia. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674968509.
- D. Braund, Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, Taylor & Francis, 1984
- A. De Jong, Traditions of the Magi: Zoroastrianism in Greek and Latin Literature, BRILL, 1997
- M.C. Fronto & M.P.J. Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, BRILL, 1999
- A. Birley, Marcus Aurelius, Routledge, 2000
- R.G. Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004
See also
| Bakur | |
|---|---|
| King of Armenia | |
| Reign | 161–163 |
| Predecessor | Sohaemus |
| Successor | Sohaemus |
| Dynasty | Arsacid dynasty |
| Father | Vologases IV |
| Religion | Zoroastrianism |
Bakur, also known as Aurelius Pacorus or Pacorus [1] ( Latinized: Bacurius, Aurelius Pacorus Greek: Αύρήλιος Πάκορος) was a Parthian Prince who served as one of the Kings of Armenia in the 2nd century.
Bakur was a son of the Parthian monarch Vologases IV ( r. 147–191). [2] He is known from a Greek funeral inscription [3] in Rome [4] as a dedication from him in honoring the memory of his brother Aurelius Merithates. [5] In the inscription dedication Bakur describes himself as:
- Αύρήλιος Πάκορος βασιλεύς μεγάλης Άρμενίας [6]
or from the Greek translation
- Aurelius Pacorus King of Greater Armenia [7]
From the inscription it is evident that Bakur's brother lived and died in Rome. [8] The inscription also shows that Bakur lived for a time in Rome and had friends in Rome. [9] The name Aurelius points to a close connection with the imperial house [10] of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty. At some point Bakur and his brother received Roman citizenship [11] from an emperor of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty, perhaps from Lucius Verus [12] either before or after Bakur's Armenian Kingship. [13]
Bakur is known to have ruled Armenia in the second century and is the only Bakur to be appointed as King of Armenia by a ruling King of Parthia who was removed by Lucius Verus. [14] During the Roman Parthian War of 161-166, Vologases IV of Parthia in 161/162 entered the Roman Client Kingdom of Armenia, expelled the Roman Client Armenian King Sohaemus and installed Bakur as a Parthian Client King of Armenia. [15] [16]
Bakur served as an Armenian King from 161 until 163 when Lucius Verus arrived with the Roman Army in Armenia. [17] Bakur was dethroned by the Romans when they captured Armenia and the Armenian capital. [18] After Bakur was dethroned, Sohaemus was reinstalled to his Armenian Kingship. [19] Bakur's fate is unknown afterwards, however he may have been brought to live in Rome by Lucius Verus. [20]
References
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.70
- ^ Russell 1987, p. 161.
- ^ De Jong, Traditions of the Magi: Zoroastrianism in Greek and Latin Literature, p.315
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.70
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.70
- ^ Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, p.302
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.70
- ^ Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, p.302
- ^ Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, p.302
- ^ Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, p.302
- ^ Braund, Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, p.p.43&45
- ^ Braund, Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, p.p.43&45
- ^ Braund, Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, p.p.43&45
- ^ Braund, Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, p.43
- ^ Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, p.302
- ^ Birley, Marcus Aurelius, p.121
- ^ Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, p.302
- ^ Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, p.302
- ^ Braund, Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, p.43
- ^ Braund, Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, p.45
Sources
- Schottky, Martin (2010). "Armenische Arsakiden zur Zeit der Antonine. Ein Beitrag zur Korrektur der armenischen Königsliste". ANABASIS Studia Classica et Orientalia. 1: 208–224. ISSN 2082-8993. (in German)
- Federico, Frasson (2016). "Armenia and Armenians in Asinius Quadratus' Παρθικά". In Traina, Giusto; Pagani, Lara; Gazzano, Francesca (eds.). Greek Texts and Armenian Traditions: An Interdisciplinary Approach. De Gruyter. pp. 163–194. ISBN 9783110488661.
- Juntunen, Kai (2014). "The Arrogant Armenian – Tiridates (Bagratuni) in Cassius Dio and Movses Khorenats'i". Arctos - Acta Philologica Fennica. 47: 153–172. ISSN 0570-734X.
- Russell, James R. (1987). Zoroastrianism in Armenia. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674968509.
- D. Braund, Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, Taylor & Francis, 1984
- A. De Jong, Traditions of the Magi: Zoroastrianism in Greek and Latin Literature, BRILL, 1997
- M.C. Fronto & M.P.J. Van Den Hout, A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto, BRILL, 1999
- A. Birley, Marcus Aurelius, Routledge, 2000
- R.G. Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004