| Khosrov I | |
|---|---|
| King of Armenia | |
| Reign | 191–217 |
| Predecessor | Vologases II |
| Successor | Tiridates II |
| Died | 217 |
| Issue | Tiridates II |
| Dynasty | Arsacid dynasty |
| Father | Vologases II of Armenia |
| Religion | Zoroastrianism |
Khosrov I ( Parthian: 𐭇𐭅𐭎𐭓𐭅; fl. second half 2nd c. - first half 3rd c., died 217) was a Parthian prince who served as a Roman client king of Armenia.
Khosrov I was one of the sons born to King Vologases II of Armenia (Vagharsh II) [1] who is also known as Vologases V of Parthia [2] by an unnamed mother. Through his father, Khosrov I was a member of the House of Parthia and thus a relation of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia. [3]
In 191, Vologases II ascended the Parthian throne, and as a result relinquished the Armenian throne to Khosrov I. [4] [5] Throughout the 1st and 2nd-centuries, the Armenian throne was usually occupied by a close relative of the Parthian King of Kings, who held the title of "Great King of Armenia". [6] According to the 5th-century Armenian historian Agathangelos, the king of Armenia had the second rank in the Parthian realm, below only the Parthian king. [7] The modern historian Lee E. Patterson suggests that Agathangelos may have exaggerated the importance of his homeland. [8] Khosrov I served as Armenian King from 191 until 217. In Armenian sources, Khosrov I is often confused with his famous grandson Khosrov II. [9] Little is known on his life, prior to becoming King of Armenia.
Khosrov I is the King whom classical authors present as a neutral monarch towards Rome. [10] In 195 when the Roman emperor Septimius Severus was on his great campaign to the Parthian Empire sacking the capital Ctesiphon, Khosrov I had sent gifts and hostages to Severus. [11] As a client monarch of Rome, Khosrov I was under the protection of Septimius Severus and his successor Caracalla. [12]
Between 214 and 216, Khosrov I with his family were held under Roman detention for unknown reasons which provoked a major uprising in Armenia against Rome. [13] In 215, Caracalla led a Roman army and invaded Armenia [14] to end the uprising. Khosrov I may be the Khosrov mentioned in an Egyptian inscription that speaks of Khosrov the Armenian. [15]
In 217 when Khosrov I died, his son Tiridates II, [16] was granted the Armenian crown [17] by the Roman emperor Caracalla. [18] Tiridates II was declared King of Armenia upon Caracalla's assassination [19] which was on 8 April 217.
References
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.71
- ^ Toumanoff, Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour le Caucase chrétien (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie) [détail des éditions], p.73
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.71
- ^ Toumanoff 1986, pp. 543–546.
- ^ Patterson 2013, pp. 180–181.
- ^ Lang 1983, p. 517.
- ^ Patterson 2013, pp. 180, 188.
- ^ Patterson 2013, p. 188.
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.71
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.71
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.71
- ^ Adalian, Historical Dictionary of Armenia, p.174
- ^ Adalian, Historical Dictionary of Armenia, p.174
- ^ Adalian, Historical Dictionary of Armenia, p.174
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.71
- ^ Adalian, Historical Dictionary of Armenia, p.174
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.71
- ^ Adalian, Historical Dictionary of Armenia, p.174
- ^ Adalian, Historical Dictionary of Armenia, p.174
Sources
- Schottky, Martin (2010). "Armenische Arsakiden zur Zeit der Antonine. Ein Beitrag zur Korrektur der armenischen Königsliste". ANABASIS Studia Classica et Orientalia. 1: 208–224. ISSN 2082-8993. (in German)
- C. Toumanoff, Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour le Caucase chrétien (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie) [détail des éditions], p. 73
- Lang, David M (1983). "Iran, Armenia and Georgia". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(1): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 512–537. ISBN 0-521-20092-X..
- R.G. Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004
- R.P. Adalian, Historical Dictionary of Armenia, Scarecrow Press, 2010
- Patterson, Lee E. (2013). "Caracalla's Armenia". Syllecta Classica. 2. Project Muse: 27–61.
- Toumanoff, C. (1986). "Arsacids vii. The Arsacid dynasty of Armenia". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5. pp. 543–546.
| Khosrov I | |
|---|---|
| King of Armenia | |
| Reign | 191–217 |
| Predecessor | Vologases II |
| Successor | Tiridates II |
| Died | 217 |
| Issue | Tiridates II |
| Dynasty | Arsacid dynasty |
| Father | Vologases II of Armenia |
| Religion | Zoroastrianism |
Khosrov I ( Parthian: 𐭇𐭅𐭎𐭓𐭅; fl. second half 2nd c. - first half 3rd c., died 217) was a Parthian prince who served as a Roman client king of Armenia.
Khosrov I was one of the sons born to King Vologases II of Armenia (Vagharsh II) [1] who is also known as Vologases V of Parthia [2] by an unnamed mother. Through his father, Khosrov I was a member of the House of Parthia and thus a relation of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia. [3]
In 191, Vologases II ascended the Parthian throne, and as a result relinquished the Armenian throne to Khosrov I. [4] [5] Throughout the 1st and 2nd-centuries, the Armenian throne was usually occupied by a close relative of the Parthian King of Kings, who held the title of "Great King of Armenia". [6] According to the 5th-century Armenian historian Agathangelos, the king of Armenia had the second rank in the Parthian realm, below only the Parthian king. [7] The modern historian Lee E. Patterson suggests that Agathangelos may have exaggerated the importance of his homeland. [8] Khosrov I served as Armenian King from 191 until 217. In Armenian sources, Khosrov I is often confused with his famous grandson Khosrov II. [9] Little is known on his life, prior to becoming King of Armenia.
Khosrov I is the King whom classical authors present as a neutral monarch towards Rome. [10] In 195 when the Roman emperor Septimius Severus was on his great campaign to the Parthian Empire sacking the capital Ctesiphon, Khosrov I had sent gifts and hostages to Severus. [11] As a client monarch of Rome, Khosrov I was under the protection of Septimius Severus and his successor Caracalla. [12]
Between 214 and 216, Khosrov I with his family were held under Roman detention for unknown reasons which provoked a major uprising in Armenia against Rome. [13] In 215, Caracalla led a Roman army and invaded Armenia [14] to end the uprising. Khosrov I may be the Khosrov mentioned in an Egyptian inscription that speaks of Khosrov the Armenian. [15]
In 217 when Khosrov I died, his son Tiridates II, [16] was granted the Armenian crown [17] by the Roman emperor Caracalla. [18] Tiridates II was declared King of Armenia upon Caracalla's assassination [19] which was on 8 April 217.
References
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.71
- ^ Toumanoff, Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour le Caucase chrétien (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie) [détail des éditions], p.73
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.71
- ^ Toumanoff 1986, pp. 543–546.
- ^ Patterson 2013, pp. 180–181.
- ^ Lang 1983, p. 517.
- ^ Patterson 2013, pp. 180, 188.
- ^ Patterson 2013, p. 188.
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.71
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.71
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.71
- ^ Adalian, Historical Dictionary of Armenia, p.174
- ^ Adalian, Historical Dictionary of Armenia, p.174
- ^ Adalian, Historical Dictionary of Armenia, p.174
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.71
- ^ Adalian, Historical Dictionary of Armenia, p.174
- ^ Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, p.71
- ^ Adalian, Historical Dictionary of Armenia, p.174
- ^ Adalian, Historical Dictionary of Armenia, p.174
Sources
- Schottky, Martin (2010). "Armenische Arsakiden zur Zeit der Antonine. Ein Beitrag zur Korrektur der armenischen Königsliste". ANABASIS Studia Classica et Orientalia. 1: 208–224. ISSN 2082-8993. (in German)
- C. Toumanoff, Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour le Caucase chrétien (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie) [détail des éditions], p. 73
- Lang, David M (1983). "Iran, Armenia and Georgia". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(1): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 512–537. ISBN 0-521-20092-X..
- R.G. Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004
- R.P. Adalian, Historical Dictionary of Armenia, Scarecrow Press, 2010
- Patterson, Lee E. (2013). "Caracalla's Armenia". Syllecta Classica. 2. Project Muse: 27–61.
- Toumanoff, C. (1986). "Arsacids vii. The Arsacid dynasty of Armenia". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5. pp. 543–546.