From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

PSS Sleman
Full namePerserikatan Sepakbola Sleman [1]
Nickname(s)Super Elang Jawa
(Super Java Eagles)
Laskar Sembada
(Sembada Warriors)
Short namePSS
Founded20 May 1976; 47 years ago (1976-05-20)
Ground Maguwoharjo Stadium
Capacity31,700
OwnerPT Putra Sleman Sembada
CEO Gusti Randa
Head Coach Risto Vidaković
League Liga 1
2022–23 Liga 1, 16th of 18
Website Club website
Current season

Perserikatan Sepakbola Sleman ( lit. 'Sleman Football Union'), or mostly known through its abbreviation PSS, is an Indonesian professional football club based in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The club competes in the Liga 1 , the top-tier of Indonesian football, after winning promotion from Liga 2 in 2018. The club dons the nickname Super Elang Jawa (English: Super Java Eagles).

History

PSS was established in 1976 as a regional football association for amateur clubs (known as Perserikatan) in Sleman, the third of its kind in Yogyakarta province after PSIM Yogyakarta and Persiba Bantul. PSS needed 24 years to reach the top-tier of the amateur Perserikatan competitions in 2000. After six years in the premier division, PSS was unable to complete the 2006 season after suffering from the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake that killed more than 5,000 people and damaged thousands of buildings. However, the Indonesian football association PSSI did not relegate the three teams from Yogyakarta province, including PSS, although they forfeited their remaining games due to the earthquake's impact on their facilities and personal lives. [2] [3]

PSS left the top flight of Indonesian football in 2008 due to administrative matters. The club could not quickly adjust to the shift towards professional football with the launching of the Indonesian Super League (ISL) that year. ISL required Perserikatan clubs to wean off from their dependence on their region's state budget. Teams like PSS that continued to rely on the government had to compete in the second tier, which persistently used the Perserikatan's name for its top division (Divisi Utama). Amid heavy pressure from fans, PSS became a professional team in 2012 after the incorporation of PT Putra Sleman Sembada, the company that now manages the club. That move ensured PSS could return to the top flight if they manage to win promotion. PSS did so after winning the 2018 Liga 2 competition. [4]

Statistics

Season by season record

Champions Runners-up Top scorers CL AC

Seasons

Seasons of PSS Sleman
Season League Cup Other competitions
Division Pos P W D L GF GA Pts
1999–2000 Liga Indonesia First Division 2nd
2001 Liga Indonesia 10th East 25 8 3 14 22 40 27
2002 Liga Indonesia 7th East 22 8 6 8 22 19 30
2003 Liga Indonesia 4th 38 16 12 10 48 43 60
2004 Liga Indonesia 4th 34 14 11 9 39 37 53
2005 Liga Indonesia 7th West 26 10 4 12 22 32 34 SF
2006 Liga Indonesia 13th East 26 6 5 15 18 40 23 w/o
2007–08 Liga Indonesia 12th West 34 12 10 12 42 43 46
2008–09 Liga Indonesia Premier Division 10th Group 2 26 9 6 11 31 38 30 R1
2009–10 Liga Indonesia Premier Division 10th Group 3 20 6 4 10 21 31 22 A
2010–11 Liga Indonesia Premier Division 10th Group 3 24 9 4 11 22 40 31 NH
2011–12 Liga Indonesia Premier Division 7th Group 2 18 7 5 6 29 21 26 R1
2013 Liga Indonesia Premier Division 1st 19 12 4 3 28 16 40 NH
2014 Liga Indonesia Premier Division Third Round 24 13 6 5 51 23 31 NH
2015 Liga Indonesia Premier Division abandoned NH
2017 Liga 2 Second round 20 13 3 4 36 15 42 NH
2018 Liga 2 1st 31 19 3 9 53 20 60 R16
2019 Liga 1 8th 34 12 12 10 45 42 48 NH
2020 Liga 1 abandoned NH
2021–22 Liga 1 13th 34 10 9 15 40 48 39 NH
2022–23 Liga 1 16th 34 10 4 20 34 57 34 NH

Stadium

PSS in 2007 began to use its current home base Maguwoharjo Stadium after construction was disrupted by the earthquake a year before. Maguwoharjo's southern tribune, where the club's ultras occupy, is known as one of the loudest tribunes in Indonesia with non-stop 90-minute chanting. [5]

Fans

PSS is known for its loyal and creative ultras. Supported by two fan clubs, the north tribune Slemania [6] and the south tribune Brigata Curva Sud 1976 (BCS), [7] PSS' current form cannot be extricated from the dedication of supporters who strive to improve their team's managerial quality. The older one, Slemania, was established in 2000 in line with the promotion to top-flight football while BCS emerged in 2011 in the run-up to the 2012 professionalization of PSS. [8]

Besides its popularity as the fan club with one of the best choreographies in Asia, BCS is known for its tough scrutiny over PSS management. BCS boycotted games in the 2020 Liga 1 over disappointment with the level of professionalism in PSS and only ended its strike in 2021 after a massive restructuring that has led to improvements in how the club is managed. BCS is particularly aware of concerns among female spectators when they are in a packed stadium, leading to the formation of its own female arm to ensure safety in the tribune. [9] [10] [11]

The song "Sampai Kau Bisa" (Until You Can) is the anthem that fans sing after the match. The anthem symbolizes fan loyalty to the team in good and bad times, knowing the club went through trials until it earned its spot in top-flight football. PSS fan clubs have a policy of zero insults for opposing teams during 90 minutes of a football game, making them the friendliest ultras in Indonesia football. Their chants are exclusive to motivating PSS. [12]

Players

Current squad

As of 25 November 2023 [13]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Philippines  PHI Anthony Pinthus
4 DF Indonesia  IDN Nur Diansyah
5 DF Brazil  BRA Thales Lira
6 MF Lebanon  LBN Jihad Ayoub
7 MF Burundi  BDI Elvis Kamsoba
8 MF Indonesia  IDN Estebán Vizcarra
9 FW Indonesia  IDN Saddam Gaffar
10 FW South Sudan  SSD Ajak Riak
11 FW Indonesia  IDN Ricky Cawor
12 GK Indonesia  IDN Muhammad Ridwan
17 FW Indonesia  IDN Riki Dwi Saputro
19 MF Indonesia  IDN Achmad Zidan
20 FW Indonesia  IDN Haris Tuharea
21 GK Indonesia  IDN Dimas Fani Firmansyah
No. Pos. Nation Player
22 DF Indonesia  IDN Ibrahim Sanjaya
23 MF Indonesia  IDN Kim Kurniawan ( captain)
27 MF Indonesia  IDN Irkham Mila
28 MF Indonesia  IDN Arlan Dinata
30 DF Indonesia  IDN Kevin Gomes
31 GK Indonesia  IDN Safa’at Romadhona
32 MF Argentina  ARG Jonathan Bustos
33 MF Indonesia  IDN Wahyudi Hamisi
38 DF Indonesia  IDN I Nyoman Ansanay
46 MF Indonesia  IDN Todd Ferre
72 DF Indonesia  IDN Bayu Setiawan
80 FW Indonesia  IDN Hokky Caraka
88 DF Indonesia  IDN Leonard Tupamahu
96 DF Indonesia  IDN Abduh Lestaluhu

Naturalized players

Country Player
Germany Germany Kim Kurniawan
Argentina Argentina Estebán Vizcarra

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
DF Indonesia  IDN Muhammad Fariz (at Sriwijaya)
DF Indonesia  IDN Ifan Nanda Pratama (at PSM Makassar)
DF Indonesia  IDN Dominikus Dion (at Persipa Pati)
No. Pos. Nation Player
MF Indonesia  IDN Rezin Diop Wamu (at Persewar Waropen)
MF Japan  JPN Kei Sano (at Sada Sumut)

Club officials

Board of commissioners and directors

Position Name
President Director Indonesia Gusti Randa
Director Indonesia Yoni Arseto
Director Indonesia Hempri Suyatna
Commissioner Indonesia Agoes Projosasmito
Commissioner Indonesia Wiliam Tjugiarto

Team management

Position Name
Team Manager Indonesia Kevin Walean
Technical Director vacant
Head Coach Serbia Risto Vidaković
Assistant Coach Indonesia Ansyari Lubis
Indonesia Washiyatul Akmal
Goalkeeper Coach Romania Dragoș Plopeanu
Indonesia Amiruddin
Physical Coach Indonesia Kartono Pramdhan
Team Analyst vacant
Team Doctor Indonesia Muhammad Hovi
Physiotherapist Indonesia Muhammad Firman
Masseur Indonesia Djamad
Kit man Indonesia Riyono, Agung

Coaches

Period Name
1976–1994 unknown
1995–1996 Indonesia Suwarno
1997–1998 vacant
1999–2000 Indonesia Drs. Bambang Nurdjoko, Drs. Herwin Sjahruddin
2001–2002 Indonesia Suharno
2003 Indonesia Yudi Suryata
2004–2005 Indonesia Daniel Roekito
2005 Indonesia Mundari Karya
2005–2006 Indonesia Herry Kiswanto
2007 Argentina Horacio Alberto Montes
2007 Indonesia Rudy William Keltjes
2008 Indonesia Iwan Setiawan
2008 Indonesia Yudi Suryata
2008–2009 Indonesia Maman Durachman
2009–2010 Indonesia Yance Efraim Matmey
2010 Indonesia Singh Bettay
2010 Indonesia Inyong Lolombulan
2010–2011 Indonesia M. Basri
2011–2012 Indonesia Widyantoro
2013 Indonesia Hanafi
2013 Indonesia Yusak Sutanto
2013 Indonesia Lafran Pribadi
2014 Indonesia Sartono Anwar
2014 Indonesia Herry Kiswanto
2015 Indonesia Jaya Hartono
2015 (Piala kemerdekaan) Indonesia Didik Listyantara
2016–2017 Indonesia Freddy Mulli
2017 Indonesia Seto Nurdiantoro
2017–2018 Indonesia Herry Kiswanto
2018–2019 Indonesia Seto Nurdiantoro
2020 Spain Eduardo Perez Moran
2020–2021 Serbia Dejan Antonić
2021–2022 Indonesia Putu Gede
2022–2023 Indonesia Seto Nurdiantoro
April–October 2023 Romania Marian Mihail
October–November 2023 Belgium Bertrand Crasson
November 2023– Serbia Risto Vidaković

Honours

Domestic league

Cup

References

  1. ^ "Organisational chart". pssleman.id. Perserikatan Sepakbola Sleman. Retrieved 20 August 2021.[ permanent dead link]
  2. ^ "Profile". Official Site PS Sleman. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  3. ^ "PS Sleman dan Gempa Jogja 2006". SLEMAN-FOOTBALL.COM (in Indonesian). 27 May 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  4. ^ "PSS Sleman Juara Liga 2 2018". PSSI - Football Association of Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  5. ^ Chant BCS Tribun Selatan Maguwo - PSS Sleman Vs Persib Bandung Shopee Liga 1 2019 Live (Lirik) (in Indonesian). Retrieved 6 November 2021 – via YouTube.
  6. ^ slemania.or.id
  7. ^ bcspss.com
  8. ^ "Slemania: Pendukung Setia PSS Sleman". www.lgosports.com (in Indonesian). 11 November 2023.
  9. ^ "Brigata Curva Sud 1976: The Best Ultras in Asia versi Copa90". Football Tribe Indonesia. 18 February 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  10. ^ "BCS Hentikan Aksi Boikot, Hubungan PSS dengan Suporter Mencair". Timlo.net (in Indonesian). 12 February 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  11. ^ "Perbaikan Manajemen PT Putra Sleman Sembada Mendapat Apresiasi Dari BCS". Official Site PS Sleman. 10 February 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  12. ^ "The Fans Who Make Football: PSS Sleman". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  13. ^ "Squad PSS Sleman Liga 1 2023-2024". ligaindonesiabaru.com. Retrieved 18 August 2021.

External links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

PSS Sleman
Full namePerserikatan Sepakbola Sleman [1]
Nickname(s)Super Elang Jawa
(Super Java Eagles)
Laskar Sembada
(Sembada Warriors)
Short namePSS
Founded20 May 1976; 47 years ago (1976-05-20)
Ground Maguwoharjo Stadium
Capacity31,700
OwnerPT Putra Sleman Sembada
CEO Gusti Randa
Head Coach Risto Vidaković
League Liga 1
2022–23 Liga 1, 16th of 18
Website Club website
Current season

Perserikatan Sepakbola Sleman ( lit. 'Sleman Football Union'), or mostly known through its abbreviation PSS, is an Indonesian professional football club based in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The club competes in the Liga 1 , the top-tier of Indonesian football, after winning promotion from Liga 2 in 2018. The club dons the nickname Super Elang Jawa (English: Super Java Eagles).

History

PSS was established in 1976 as a regional football association for amateur clubs (known as Perserikatan) in Sleman, the third of its kind in Yogyakarta province after PSIM Yogyakarta and Persiba Bantul. PSS needed 24 years to reach the top-tier of the amateur Perserikatan competitions in 2000. After six years in the premier division, PSS was unable to complete the 2006 season after suffering from the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake that killed more than 5,000 people and damaged thousands of buildings. However, the Indonesian football association PSSI did not relegate the three teams from Yogyakarta province, including PSS, although they forfeited their remaining games due to the earthquake's impact on their facilities and personal lives. [2] [3]

PSS left the top flight of Indonesian football in 2008 due to administrative matters. The club could not quickly adjust to the shift towards professional football with the launching of the Indonesian Super League (ISL) that year. ISL required Perserikatan clubs to wean off from their dependence on their region's state budget. Teams like PSS that continued to rely on the government had to compete in the second tier, which persistently used the Perserikatan's name for its top division (Divisi Utama). Amid heavy pressure from fans, PSS became a professional team in 2012 after the incorporation of PT Putra Sleman Sembada, the company that now manages the club. That move ensured PSS could return to the top flight if they manage to win promotion. PSS did so after winning the 2018 Liga 2 competition. [4]

Statistics

Season by season record

Champions Runners-up Top scorers CL AC

Seasons

Seasons of PSS Sleman
Season League Cup Other competitions
Division Pos P W D L GF GA Pts
1999–2000 Liga Indonesia First Division 2nd
2001 Liga Indonesia 10th East 25 8 3 14 22 40 27
2002 Liga Indonesia 7th East 22 8 6 8 22 19 30
2003 Liga Indonesia 4th 38 16 12 10 48 43 60
2004 Liga Indonesia 4th 34 14 11 9 39 37 53
2005 Liga Indonesia 7th West 26 10 4 12 22 32 34 SF
2006 Liga Indonesia 13th East 26 6 5 15 18 40 23 w/o
2007–08 Liga Indonesia 12th West 34 12 10 12 42 43 46
2008–09 Liga Indonesia Premier Division 10th Group 2 26 9 6 11 31 38 30 R1
2009–10 Liga Indonesia Premier Division 10th Group 3 20 6 4 10 21 31 22 A
2010–11 Liga Indonesia Premier Division 10th Group 3 24 9 4 11 22 40 31 NH
2011–12 Liga Indonesia Premier Division 7th Group 2 18 7 5 6 29 21 26 R1
2013 Liga Indonesia Premier Division 1st 19 12 4 3 28 16 40 NH
2014 Liga Indonesia Premier Division Third Round 24 13 6 5 51 23 31 NH
2015 Liga Indonesia Premier Division abandoned NH
2017 Liga 2 Second round 20 13 3 4 36 15 42 NH
2018 Liga 2 1st 31 19 3 9 53 20 60 R16
2019 Liga 1 8th 34 12 12 10 45 42 48 NH
2020 Liga 1 abandoned NH
2021–22 Liga 1 13th 34 10 9 15 40 48 39 NH
2022–23 Liga 1 16th 34 10 4 20 34 57 34 NH

Stadium

PSS in 2007 began to use its current home base Maguwoharjo Stadium after construction was disrupted by the earthquake a year before. Maguwoharjo's southern tribune, where the club's ultras occupy, is known as one of the loudest tribunes in Indonesia with non-stop 90-minute chanting. [5]

Fans

PSS is known for its loyal and creative ultras. Supported by two fan clubs, the north tribune Slemania [6] and the south tribune Brigata Curva Sud 1976 (BCS), [7] PSS' current form cannot be extricated from the dedication of supporters who strive to improve their team's managerial quality. The older one, Slemania, was established in 2000 in line with the promotion to top-flight football while BCS emerged in 2011 in the run-up to the 2012 professionalization of PSS. [8]

Besides its popularity as the fan club with one of the best choreographies in Asia, BCS is known for its tough scrutiny over PSS management. BCS boycotted games in the 2020 Liga 1 over disappointment with the level of professionalism in PSS and only ended its strike in 2021 after a massive restructuring that has led to improvements in how the club is managed. BCS is particularly aware of concerns among female spectators when they are in a packed stadium, leading to the formation of its own female arm to ensure safety in the tribune. [9] [10] [11]

The song "Sampai Kau Bisa" (Until You Can) is the anthem that fans sing after the match. The anthem symbolizes fan loyalty to the team in good and bad times, knowing the club went through trials until it earned its spot in top-flight football. PSS fan clubs have a policy of zero insults for opposing teams during 90 minutes of a football game, making them the friendliest ultras in Indonesia football. Their chants are exclusive to motivating PSS. [12]

Players

Current squad

As of 25 November 2023 [13]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Philippines  PHI Anthony Pinthus
4 DF Indonesia  IDN Nur Diansyah
5 DF Brazil  BRA Thales Lira
6 MF Lebanon  LBN Jihad Ayoub
7 MF Burundi  BDI Elvis Kamsoba
8 MF Indonesia  IDN Estebán Vizcarra
9 FW Indonesia  IDN Saddam Gaffar
10 FW South Sudan  SSD Ajak Riak
11 FW Indonesia  IDN Ricky Cawor
12 GK Indonesia  IDN Muhammad Ridwan
17 FW Indonesia  IDN Riki Dwi Saputro
19 MF Indonesia  IDN Achmad Zidan
20 FW Indonesia  IDN Haris Tuharea
21 GK Indonesia  IDN Dimas Fani Firmansyah
No. Pos. Nation Player
22 DF Indonesia  IDN Ibrahim Sanjaya
23 MF Indonesia  IDN Kim Kurniawan ( captain)
27 MF Indonesia  IDN Irkham Mila
28 MF Indonesia  IDN Arlan Dinata
30 DF Indonesia  IDN Kevin Gomes
31 GK Indonesia  IDN Safa’at Romadhona
32 MF Argentina  ARG Jonathan Bustos
33 MF Indonesia  IDN Wahyudi Hamisi
38 DF Indonesia  IDN I Nyoman Ansanay
46 MF Indonesia  IDN Todd Ferre
72 DF Indonesia  IDN Bayu Setiawan
80 FW Indonesia  IDN Hokky Caraka
88 DF Indonesia  IDN Leonard Tupamahu
96 DF Indonesia  IDN Abduh Lestaluhu

Naturalized players

Country Player
Germany Germany Kim Kurniawan
Argentina Argentina Estebán Vizcarra

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
DF Indonesia  IDN Muhammad Fariz (at Sriwijaya)
DF Indonesia  IDN Ifan Nanda Pratama (at PSM Makassar)
DF Indonesia  IDN Dominikus Dion (at Persipa Pati)
No. Pos. Nation Player
MF Indonesia  IDN Rezin Diop Wamu (at Persewar Waropen)
MF Japan  JPN Kei Sano (at Sada Sumut)

Club officials

Board of commissioners and directors

Position Name
President Director Indonesia Gusti Randa
Director Indonesia Yoni Arseto
Director Indonesia Hempri Suyatna
Commissioner Indonesia Agoes Projosasmito
Commissioner Indonesia Wiliam Tjugiarto

Team management

Position Name
Team Manager Indonesia Kevin Walean
Technical Director vacant
Head Coach Serbia Risto Vidaković
Assistant Coach Indonesia Ansyari Lubis
Indonesia Washiyatul Akmal
Goalkeeper Coach Romania Dragoș Plopeanu
Indonesia Amiruddin
Physical Coach Indonesia Kartono Pramdhan
Team Analyst vacant
Team Doctor Indonesia Muhammad Hovi
Physiotherapist Indonesia Muhammad Firman
Masseur Indonesia Djamad
Kit man Indonesia Riyono, Agung

Coaches

Period Name
1976–1994 unknown
1995–1996 Indonesia Suwarno
1997–1998 vacant
1999–2000 Indonesia Drs. Bambang Nurdjoko, Drs. Herwin Sjahruddin
2001–2002 Indonesia Suharno
2003 Indonesia Yudi Suryata
2004–2005 Indonesia Daniel Roekito
2005 Indonesia Mundari Karya
2005–2006 Indonesia Herry Kiswanto
2007 Argentina Horacio Alberto Montes
2007 Indonesia Rudy William Keltjes
2008 Indonesia Iwan Setiawan
2008 Indonesia Yudi Suryata
2008–2009 Indonesia Maman Durachman
2009–2010 Indonesia Yance Efraim Matmey
2010 Indonesia Singh Bettay
2010 Indonesia Inyong Lolombulan
2010–2011 Indonesia M. Basri
2011–2012 Indonesia Widyantoro
2013 Indonesia Hanafi
2013 Indonesia Yusak Sutanto
2013 Indonesia Lafran Pribadi
2014 Indonesia Sartono Anwar
2014 Indonesia Herry Kiswanto
2015 Indonesia Jaya Hartono
2015 (Piala kemerdekaan) Indonesia Didik Listyantara
2016–2017 Indonesia Freddy Mulli
2017 Indonesia Seto Nurdiantoro
2017–2018 Indonesia Herry Kiswanto
2018–2019 Indonesia Seto Nurdiantoro
2020 Spain Eduardo Perez Moran
2020–2021 Serbia Dejan Antonić
2021–2022 Indonesia Putu Gede
2022–2023 Indonesia Seto Nurdiantoro
April–October 2023 Romania Marian Mihail
October–November 2023 Belgium Bertrand Crasson
November 2023– Serbia Risto Vidaković

Honours

Domestic league

Cup

References

  1. ^ "Organisational chart". pssleman.id. Perserikatan Sepakbola Sleman. Retrieved 20 August 2021.[ permanent dead link]
  2. ^ "Profile". Official Site PS Sleman. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  3. ^ "PS Sleman dan Gempa Jogja 2006". SLEMAN-FOOTBALL.COM (in Indonesian). 27 May 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  4. ^ "PSS Sleman Juara Liga 2 2018". PSSI - Football Association of Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  5. ^ Chant BCS Tribun Selatan Maguwo - PSS Sleman Vs Persib Bandung Shopee Liga 1 2019 Live (Lirik) (in Indonesian). Retrieved 6 November 2021 – via YouTube.
  6. ^ slemania.or.id
  7. ^ bcspss.com
  8. ^ "Slemania: Pendukung Setia PSS Sleman". www.lgosports.com (in Indonesian). 11 November 2023.
  9. ^ "Brigata Curva Sud 1976: The Best Ultras in Asia versi Copa90". Football Tribe Indonesia. 18 February 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  10. ^ "BCS Hentikan Aksi Boikot, Hubungan PSS dengan Suporter Mencair". Timlo.net (in Indonesian). 12 February 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  11. ^ "Perbaikan Manajemen PT Putra Sleman Sembada Mendapat Apresiasi Dari BCS". Official Site PS Sleman. 10 February 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  12. ^ "The Fans Who Make Football: PSS Sleman". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  13. ^ "Squad PSS Sleman Liga 1 2023-2024". ligaindonesiabaru.com. Retrieved 18 August 2021.

External links


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