The southern shores of the
White Sea and the basin of the
Northern Dvina. Many historians assume the terms beorm and bjarm to derive from the
Uralic word perm, which refers to "travelling merchants" and represents the
Old Permic culture.[4]
"Land of Flat Rocks" or "Land of Flat Stones". The first of the three lands the Greenland Norse found in North America. According to a footnote in
Arthur Middleton Reeves's The Norse Discovery of America (1906), "the whole of the northern coast of America, west of Greenland, was called by the ancient Icelandic geographers Helluland it Mikla, or "Great Helluland"; and the island of Newfoundland simply Helluland, or Litla Helluland."[9] Most scholars agree that Helluland corresponds to
Baffin Island in the present-day
Canadian territory of
Nunavut.[10]
Hreiðr can mean "bird's nest", but hreið- is also a name-prefix meaning "beautiful", "eager", "great", "famous", "noble". Another possibility is that it was originally reið "ride, journey". The same tribal name was used for the
Gutes of
Gotland. The identification of the territory varies between the sources: the island of
Gotland,
Götaland, the land of the
Goths, i.e.
Gothiscandza,
Denmark and
Sweden,
Jutland. The Hreidgoths (hraiðgutum) may also be the
Ostrogoths in south-eastern Europe.[19]
^Anderson, Joseph (Ed.) (1893) Orkneyinga Saga. Translated by Jón A. Hjaltalin & Gilbert Goudie. Edinburgh. James Thin and Mercat Press (1990 reprint).
ISBN0-901824-25-9
^Bellows, Henry Adams, ed. (1936). "Atlakvitha En Grönlenzka".
The Poetic Edda. p. 484. Danp: this name was early applied to a mythical Danish king (cf. Rigsthula, 49 and note) but it may have been fabricated by error out of the word "Danparstaþir" (the phrase here used is "staþi Danpar"), used in the Hervararsaga of a field of battle between the Goths and the Huns, and quite possibly referring to the region of the Dnieper.
^Hughes, AJ; Hannan, RJ (1992). Place-Names of Northern Ireland. Vol. Two, County Down II, The Ards. Belfast: The Queen's University of Belfast.
ISBN085389-450-7.
^Bugge, Alexander, ed. (1914).
Haakon Haakonssòns saga (in Swedish). Kristiania: I.M. Stenersens Forlag. Retrieved 7 May 2020. (850) D. e. Rouen i Normandie, som paa latin heter Rothomagum, og neppe, som andre mener, valfartsstedet Rocamadour nord for Cahors i Sydfrankrike; denne by ligger for langt vest, til at kongsdatteren har kunnet komme forbi den.
^Johnston, James B (1892)
“Place-Names Of Scotland” . Edinburgh: David Douglas. Archive.org. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
The southern shores of the
White Sea and the basin of the
Northern Dvina. Many historians assume the terms beorm and bjarm to derive from the
Uralic word perm, which refers to "travelling merchants" and represents the
Old Permic culture.[4]
"Land of Flat Rocks" or "Land of Flat Stones". The first of the three lands the Greenland Norse found in North America. According to a footnote in
Arthur Middleton Reeves's The Norse Discovery of America (1906), "the whole of the northern coast of America, west of Greenland, was called by the ancient Icelandic geographers Helluland it Mikla, or "Great Helluland"; and the island of Newfoundland simply Helluland, or Litla Helluland."[9] Most scholars agree that Helluland corresponds to
Baffin Island in the present-day
Canadian territory of
Nunavut.[10]
Hreiðr can mean "bird's nest", but hreið- is also a name-prefix meaning "beautiful", "eager", "great", "famous", "noble". Another possibility is that it was originally reið "ride, journey". The same tribal name was used for the
Gutes of
Gotland. The identification of the territory varies between the sources: the island of
Gotland,
Götaland, the land of the
Goths, i.e.
Gothiscandza,
Denmark and
Sweden,
Jutland. The Hreidgoths (hraiðgutum) may also be the
Ostrogoths in south-eastern Europe.[19]
^Anderson, Joseph (Ed.) (1893) Orkneyinga Saga. Translated by Jón A. Hjaltalin & Gilbert Goudie. Edinburgh. James Thin and Mercat Press (1990 reprint).
ISBN0-901824-25-9
^Bellows, Henry Adams, ed. (1936). "Atlakvitha En Grönlenzka".
The Poetic Edda. p. 484. Danp: this name was early applied to a mythical Danish king (cf. Rigsthula, 49 and note) but it may have been fabricated by error out of the word "Danparstaþir" (the phrase here used is "staþi Danpar"), used in the Hervararsaga of a field of battle between the Goths and the Huns, and quite possibly referring to the region of the Dnieper.
^Hughes, AJ; Hannan, RJ (1992). Place-Names of Northern Ireland. Vol. Two, County Down II, The Ards. Belfast: The Queen's University of Belfast.
ISBN085389-450-7.
^Bugge, Alexander, ed. (1914).
Haakon Haakonssòns saga (in Swedish). Kristiania: I.M. Stenersens Forlag. Retrieved 7 May 2020. (850) D. e. Rouen i Normandie, som paa latin heter Rothomagum, og neppe, som andre mener, valfartsstedet Rocamadour nord for Cahors i Sydfrankrike; denne by ligger for langt vest, til at kongsdatteren har kunnet komme forbi den.
^Johnston, James B (1892)
“Place-Names Of Scotland” . Edinburgh: David Douglas. Archive.org. Retrieved 12 May 2018.