When the Spanish arrived, they divided
Peru into three main regions: the coastal region (11.6% of Peru), that is bounded by the
Pacific Ocean; the highlands (28.1% of Peru), that is located on the
Andean Heights, and the jungle, that is located on the
Amazonian Jungle (
Climate of Peru). But
Javier Pulgar Vidal (
es), a geographer who studied the biogeographic reality of the Peruvian territory for a long time, proposed the creation of eight Natural Regions.[1][2] In 1941, he presented his thesis "Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Perú" at the III General Assembly of the
Pan-American Institute of Geography and History.
Elevation: 5,000- 4,600 m, Annual mean temperature: 0- 3.5 °C, Farming: alpacas, lamas.
Pycnophyllum Steppe,
Elevation: 4,600- 4,300 m, Annual mean temperature: 3.5- 7.5 °C, Farming: alpacas, lamas.
Aciachne Humid Grassland,
Elevation: 4,300- 3,900 m, Annual mean temperature: 7.5- 10.0 °C, Farming: alpacas, lamas, pigs; Agriculture: bitter potatoes, (
oca), (
oat); Fallow land: more than 8 years.
Elevation: 3,900- 3,600 m, Annual mean temperature: 10.0- 11.5 °C, Farming: sheep; Agriculture:
potatoes,
oca,
ulluco,
barley; Fallow land: 3 to 4 years.
Elevation: 3,600- 2,700 m, Annual mean temperature: 11.5- 16.5 °C, Farming: sheep, cattle; Agriculture:
wheat, (
barley),
peas,
beans,
maize up to 3,500 m with crop rotation.
Elevation: 3,200- 2,700 m, Annual mean temperature: 13.5- 16.5 °C, Farming: cattle; Agriculture:
maize,
wheat,
beans, spring
potatoes, use of fertilizers, no
crop rotation.
Highland Rainforest,
Elevation: below 2,700 m, Annual mean temperature: over 17.0 °C, Farming: cattle; Agriculture: tropical fruits,
oranges,
coffee,
coca at around 2,000 m.[23]
^
abPulgar Vidal, Javier: Geografía del Perú; Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Perú. Edit. Universo S.A., Lima 1979. First Edition (his dissertation of 1940): Las ocho regiones naturales del Perú, Boletín del Museo de Historia Natural „Javier Prado“, n° especial, Lima, 1941, 17, pp. 145-161.
^Benavides Estrada, Juan (1999); Geografía del Perú 2do año de Secuandaria. Lima: Escuela Nueva.
^Zech, W. and Hintermaier-Erhard, G. (2002); Böden der Welt – Ein Bildatlas, Heidelberg, p. 98.
^Christopher Salter, Joseph Hobbs, Jesse Wheeler and J. Trenton Kostbade (2005); Essentials of World Regional Geography 2nd Edition. NY:
Harcourt Brace. p.464-465.
When the Spanish arrived, they divided
Peru into three main regions: the coastal region (11.6% of Peru), that is bounded by the
Pacific Ocean; the highlands (28.1% of Peru), that is located on the
Andean Heights, and the jungle, that is located on the
Amazonian Jungle (
Climate of Peru). But
Javier Pulgar Vidal (
es), a geographer who studied the biogeographic reality of the Peruvian territory for a long time, proposed the creation of eight Natural Regions.[1][2] In 1941, he presented his thesis "Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Perú" at the III General Assembly of the
Pan-American Institute of Geography and History.
Elevation: 5,000- 4,600 m, Annual mean temperature: 0- 3.5 °C, Farming: alpacas, lamas.
Pycnophyllum Steppe,
Elevation: 4,600- 4,300 m, Annual mean temperature: 3.5- 7.5 °C, Farming: alpacas, lamas.
Aciachne Humid Grassland,
Elevation: 4,300- 3,900 m, Annual mean temperature: 7.5- 10.0 °C, Farming: alpacas, lamas, pigs; Agriculture: bitter potatoes, (
oca), (
oat); Fallow land: more than 8 years.
Elevation: 3,900- 3,600 m, Annual mean temperature: 10.0- 11.5 °C, Farming: sheep; Agriculture:
potatoes,
oca,
ulluco,
barley; Fallow land: 3 to 4 years.
Elevation: 3,600- 2,700 m, Annual mean temperature: 11.5- 16.5 °C, Farming: sheep, cattle; Agriculture:
wheat, (
barley),
peas,
beans,
maize up to 3,500 m with crop rotation.
Elevation: 3,200- 2,700 m, Annual mean temperature: 13.5- 16.5 °C, Farming: cattle; Agriculture:
maize,
wheat,
beans, spring
potatoes, use of fertilizers, no
crop rotation.
Highland Rainforest,
Elevation: below 2,700 m, Annual mean temperature: over 17.0 °C, Farming: cattle; Agriculture: tropical fruits,
oranges,
coffee,
coca at around 2,000 m.[23]
^
abPulgar Vidal, Javier: Geografía del Perú; Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Perú. Edit. Universo S.A., Lima 1979. First Edition (his dissertation of 1940): Las ocho regiones naturales del Perú, Boletín del Museo de Historia Natural „Javier Prado“, n° especial, Lima, 1941, 17, pp. 145-161.
^Benavides Estrada, Juan (1999); Geografía del Perú 2do año de Secuandaria. Lima: Escuela Nueva.
^Zech, W. and Hintermaier-Erhard, G. (2002); Böden der Welt – Ein Bildatlas, Heidelberg, p. 98.
^Christopher Salter, Joseph Hobbs, Jesse Wheeler and J. Trenton Kostbade (2005); Essentials of World Regional Geography 2nd Edition. NY:
Harcourt Brace. p.464-465.