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The use of water power in Britain was at its peak just before the
Industrial Revolution . The need for power was great and
steam power had not yet become established. It is estimated that at this time there were well in excess of ten thousand
watermills in the country. Most of these were
corn mills (to grind
flour ), but almost any industrial process needing motive power, beyond that available from the muscles of men or animals, used a
water wheel , unless a
windmill was preferred.
Today only a fraction of these mills survive. Many are used as private residences, or have been converted into offices or flats. A number have been preserved or restored as museums where the public can see the mill in operation.
Kingsbury Watermill Museum, St Albans
This is a list of some of the surviving
watermills and
tide mills in the
United Kingdom .
"The Lesson of the Water Mill"
Listen to the water mill
Through the livelong day;
How the clicking of the wheel
Wears the hours away.
Languidly the autumn wind
Stirs the withered leaves;
On the field the reapers sing
Binding up the sheaves;
And a proverb haunts my mind
And as a spell is cast,
"The mill will never grind
With the water that has passed."
Sarah Doudney ,
"Puck's Song"Excerpt
See yon our little mill that clacks
so busy by the brook,
She has ground her corn and paid her tax
ever since Domesday Book.
Rudyard Kipling ,
England
Bedfordshire
Stotfold Mill, Bedfordshire
Berkshire
Chamberhouse Mill, Berkshire
Abbey Mill ,
Reading
Boxford Mill.
Boxford
[1]
Calcot Mill , Reading
Chamberhouse Mill ,
Thatcham
Dun Mill,
Hungerford
[2]
Denford Mill,
Hungerford
[2]
Eddington Mill,
Eddington
[3]
Hungerford Mill , Thatcham
Sandford Mill, Reading
Sindlesham Mill, Reading
Twyford Mill,
Twyford
Watermill Theatre ,
Bagnor
Weston Mill,
Weston
Buckinghamshire
Hambleden Mill, Buckinghamshire
Cambridgeshire
Houghton Mill, Cambridgeshire
Elton Mill,
Elton
Hauxton Mill ,
Hauxton
Hinxton Mill ,
Hinxton
Hook's Mill,
Guilden Morden
Houghton Mill , Houghton
Lode Watermill ,
Lode
Maxey Mill,
Maxey
Old Mill,
Water Newton
Topcliffe Mill,
Meldreth
Sacrewell Mill ,
Peterborough
Soham Mill ,
Soham
Cheshire
Quarry Bank Mill, Cheshire
Bollington Mill,
Bollington
Bunbury Mill , Bunbury
Church Minshull Mill,
Church Minshull
Dee Mills - site of ,
Chester
Dunham Massey Sawmill ,
Dunham Massey Hall
Nantwich Mill ,
Nantwich
Nether Alderley Mill , Macclesfield
Quarry Bank Mill , Styal
Stretton Watermill , Stretton
Trafford Mill , Mickle Trafford, Chester
Walk Mill, Waverton, Cheshire
[4] Built 2008
Cornwall
Cotehele Mill, Cornwall
Bar Pool Mill,
Falmouth
Boscastle Mill,
Boscastle
Carbeal Tide Mill,
Torpoint
Carthew Mill,
Carthew
Cotehele Mill,
Calstock
Dinham Tide Mill,
St Minver
Gerrans Sea Mill,
Gerrans
Heskyn Mill,
Tideford
Hingham Mill, near
Wadebridge
Kestle Mill,
Kestle
Little Petherick Creek tide mill,
Little Petherick
Melinsay Mill,
Veryan
Penpoll tidemill,
Feock
Perranarworthal Manor Mill,
Perranarworthal
Poltesco Higher Mill,
Ruan Minor
Poltesco Lower Mill,
Ruan Minor
Polvellan or Pool Tide Mill,
Looe
Poughill Mill,
Bude
Salter Tide Mill,
Saltash
Tregarus Mill
St Stephen
Tregidden Mill,
Tregidden
Tregoose Old Mill
St Columb Major
Trevillett Mill,
Tintagel
Treway Mill,
Zennor
Wheal Martyn ,
Carthew
Cumbria
Stott Park Bobbin Mill, Cumbria
Acorn Bank Mill ,
Penrith
Beckside Mill,
Kirkby-in-Furness
Blennerhassett Mill,
Aspatria
Brampton Mill,
Appleby
Boot Watermill ,
Eskdale
[5]
Gleaston Water Mill ,
Ulverston
[6]
Heron Corn Mill ,
Milnthorpe
[7]
High Mill,
Alston
Little Salkeld Watermill ,
Penrith
[8]
Muncaster Mill,
Ravenglass
Old Fulling Mill,
Ambleside
Rutter Mill,
Great Asby
Sparket Mill,
Hutton
Stott Park Bobbin Mill ,
Ulverston
Wythop Mill,
Embleton
Derbyshire
Stainsby Mill, Derbyshire
Devon
Otterton mill, Devon
Bicclescombe Mill,
Ilfracombe
Bicklegh Mill,
Tiverton
Clyston Mill ,
Broadclyst
Coldharbour Mill ,
Cullompton
Cricklepit Mill ,
Exeter
Docton Mill ,
Hartland
Finch Foundry ,
Okehampton
Hele Mill ,
Hele Bay ,
Ilfracombe
Manor Mill ,
Seaton
Morwellham Quay ,
Gunnislake
Otterton Mill ,
Budleigh Salterton
Sidbury Mill ,
Sidbury
Town Mills,
Chudleigh
Town Mill,
Totnes
Dorset
King's Mill, Dorset
Boar Mill,
Corfe Castle
Cann Mill,
Shaftesbury
Castleton Water Wheel Museum,
Sherborne
Hembury Mill,
[9]
Askerswell
King's Mill,
Marnhull
Loverley Mill,
Moor Crichel
Maiden Newton Mill,
Maiden Newton
Mangerton Mill,
Bridport
Melbury Abbas Mill
Shaftesbury
Pegg's Farm Mill,
Iwerne Minster
Place Mill,
Christchurch
Sturminster Newton Mill,
Sturminster Newton
Town Mill,
Lyme Regis
White Mill ,
Sturminster Marshall
Upwey Mill,
Weymouth
Durham
Killhope Wheel, Durham
East Sussex
Sheffield Mill, East Sussex
East Yorkshire
Stamford Bridge Mill, East Yorkshire
Essex
Bourne Mill, Essex
Alderford Mill,
Sible Hedingham
Beeleigh Mill,
Maldon
Bourne Mill ,
Colchester
Bran End (wheel and machinery removed in 1932),
Stebbing , River Chelmer
Easterford Mill,
Kelvedon
Elmbridge (ceased working 1933, converted to a house in 1940),
Little Easton , River Chelmer
Felsted (ceased working 1960, converted to a house), River Chelmer
Fyfield Mill,
Fyfield
Harlow Mill,
Harlow
Hartford End (ceased working 1929, converted to a house 1970s), River Chelmer
Hylands Mill
Hylands Park , River Wid
Little Hallingbury Mill,
Little Hallingbury
Little Parndon Mill,
Little Parndon
Roydon Mill,
Roydon
Roxwell Mill (ceased working 1926, converted into house c.1950),
Roxwell , River Can
Stebbing Town Mill,
Stebbing , River Chelmer
Thorrington Tide Mill ,
Thorrington
Tilty (ceased working 1957, Domesday mill),
Tilty Abbey , River Chelmer
Writtle Mill (ceased working 1957, Domesday mill),
Writtle , River Wid
Gloucestershire
Egypt Mill, Gloucestershire
Arlington Mill,
Bibury
Dean Heritage Centre ,
Cinderford
Egypt Mill,
Nailsworth
Kilcott Mill,
Hillesley
Little Aston Mill,
Upper Slaughter
Old Mill,
Lower Slaughter
Owlpen Manor ,
Owlpen
Stanway Watermill , Stanway,
Cheltenham
Syreford Mill,
Andoversford
Greater London
Clock Mill, Greater London
Hampshire
Sadler's Mill, Hampshire
Abbey Mill ,
Bishops Waltham
Abbey Mill,
Winchester
Alderholt Mill ,
Fordingbridge
Anstey Mill,
Alton
Ashlett Mill,
Fawley
Barton's Mill,
Old Basing
Beaulieu Tide Mill,
Beaulieu
Beaurepair Mill,
Sherborne St John
Botley Mill,
Botley
Bourne Mill,
Farnham
Bourne Place Mill,
Farnham
Chase Mill,
Bishops Waltham
Chesapeake Mill ,
Wickham, Hampshire
College Mill,
Winchester
Durley Mill,
Botley
Eling Tide Mill ,
Eling
Fulling Mill,
Old Alresford
Gaters Mill ,
West End
Greatham Mill,
Greatham
Greywell Mill,
Greywell
Hartley Mill,
Hartley Wespall
Hatch Mill,
Farnham
Headley Water Mill ,
Headley
High Mill,
Farnham
Hockley Mill,
Twyford
Isington Mill,
Binstead
Laverstoke Mill ,
Laverstoke
Longbridge Mill ,
Sherfield on Loddon
Lower Mill, Old Basing
Lower Neatham Mill,
Alton
Monxton Mill,
Monxton
New Mill,
Eversley
Old Mill,
Selborne
Paulton's Park Sawmill,
Paultons Park
Pilcot Mill
Dogmersfield
Quay Mill,
Emsworth
Rooksbury Mill ,
Andover
St Cross Mill,
Winchester
Sadler's Mill ,
Romsey
Shawford Mill,
Shawford
Town Mills,
Andover
Turk's Farm Mill,
Bentley, Hampshire
Upper Mill,
Longparish
Weir Mill,
Old Alresford
Wharf Mill,
Winchester
Whitchurch Silk Mill ,
Whitchurch
Willey Mill,
Farnham
Winchester City Mill ,
Winchester
Woodmill ,
Southampton
Hertfordshire
Redbournbury Mill, Hertfordshire
Isle of Wight
Yafford Mill, Isle of Wight
Kent
Bradley's Mill, Kent
Ashbourne Mill,
Tenterden
Bartley Mill,
Frant
Bradley's Mill,
Speldhurst
Chilham Mill,
Chilham
Christmas Mill,
Edenbridge
Crabble Corn Mill ,
Dover
Chart Gunpowder Mills,
Faversham
Furnace Mill,
Lamberhurst
Hever Watermill,
Hever (Medway)
Hope Mill,
Goudhurst
Hythe Watermill,
Hythe
Periwinkle Mill,
Milton Regis
Swanton Mill,
Mersham (Stour)
Ryarsh Mill,
Ryarsh (Medway)
Wandle Mill,
Benenden
Lancashire
Higher Mill, Lancashire
Leicestershire
Cotes Mill, Leicestershire
Lincolnshire
Cogglesford Mill, Lincolnshire
Alvingham Mill ,
Alvingham
Atkin's Mill,
Scopwick
Baines Mill,
Louth
Baldock's Mill,
Bourne
Bridge Street Mill,
Louth
Church Mill,
Market Rasen
Claypole Mill,
Claypole
Claythorpe Mill ,
Aby
Cogglesford Mill ,
Sleaford
Crown Mill,
Louth
Hibaldstow Wind and Water Mill,
Hibaldstow
Holdingham Mill,
Holdingham
Hubbards Hill Mill,
Louth
Hudd's Mill,
Stamford
James Street Mill,
Louth
Ketsby Mill,
South Ormsby
King's Mill,
Stamford
Londonthorpe Mill,
Manthorpe
Manor Mill,
Kirkby Green
Molecey's Mill
West Deeping
Spittlegate Mill,
Grantham
Stevenson's Mill,
Horncastle
Stockwith Mill,
Hagworthingham
Tealby Thorpe Mill,
Tealby
Tetford Mill,
Tetford
Thoresway Waterwheel,
Thoresway
Tyson's Mill,
Tealby
Westgate Mill,
Louth
Whitton's Mill,
Gainsborough
Young's Mill,
Kirkby Green
Norfolk
Caley Mill aka Heacham Mill, Norfolk
Northamptonshire
HardwaterMill, Northamptonshire
North Yorkshire
Gayle Mill, North Yorkshire
Darley Mill Centre ,
Nidderdale
Esk Mill,
Danby
Fountains Abbey Mill ,
Ripon
Gayle Mill ,
Hawes ,
Wensleydale
[10]
Howsham Mill ,
Malton
Low Mill,
Bainbridge
Pateley Bridge Watermill ,
Nidderdale
Raindale Mill ,
York
Tocketts Mill,
Guisborough
The Mill,
West Burton
Northumberland
Ridley Mill, Northumberland
Nottinghamshire
Warsop, Nottinghamshire
Oxfordshire
Mapledurham Watermill, Oxfordshire
Ascott Mill,
Ascott-under-Wychwood
Bliss Tweed Mill ,
Chipping Norton
Charney Mill,
Charney Bassett
Church Mill,
Standlake
Combe Mill ,
Long Hanborough
Goring Mill ,
Goring-on-Thames
Little Clanfield Mill,
Clanfield
Lower Kingstone Mill,
Ashbury
Mapledurham Watermill ,
Mapledurham
The Mill at Sonning ,
Sonning Eye
Standhampton Mill,
Stadhampton
Venn Mill,
Garford
Wroxton Mill ,
Wroxton
Shropshire
Daniel's Mill, Shropshire
Somerset
Wookey Hole Paper Mill, Somerset
Bishop's Lydeard Mill ,
Bishops Lydeard
Burcott Mill ,
Burcot
Clapton Mill ,
Ston Easton
Claverton Pumping Station ,
Claverton
Combe House Hotel (originally a tannery)
Holford
Combe Sydenham Mill,
Combe Sydenham
Dunster Working Watermill ,
Dunster
Gants Mill ,
Pitcombe
Hestercombe Mill ,
West Monkton
Higher Mill,
Croscombe
Hinton Farm Mill,
Mudford
Hornsbury Mill ,
Chard
Orchard Mill,
Williton
Piles Mill,
Allerford
Priston Mill,
Priston
Rode Mill,
Rode
Saltford Brass Mill ,
Saltford
Stratford Mill,
Henbury
Tonedale Mills ,
Wellington
Williton Mill,
Williton
Wookey Hole Paper Mill ,
Wells
South Yorkshire
Worsbrough Mill, South Yorkshire
Staffordshire
Brindley Mill, Staffordshire
Boar Mill,
Moddershall
Brindley Water Mill ,
Leek
Cheddleton Flint Mill ,
Cheddleton
Coppice Mill,
Stone
Flint Mill,
Stone
Hayes Mill,
Oulton
Ivy Mill,
Oulton
Little Aston Mill,
Little Aston
Mosty Lea Mill ,
Moddershall
Offley Mill, Staffordshire
Shugborough Estate Mill,
Shugborough Hall ,
Stafford
Splashy Mill,
Lower Moddershall
Weaver's Mill,
Stone
Worston Mill,
Great Bridgeford
Suffolk
Flatford Mill, Suffolk
Surrey
Shalford Mill, Surrey
Abbey Mill,
Eashing
Albury Mill,
Albury
Botting's Mill,
Postford
Cobham Mill ,
Cobham
Cosford Mill,
Thursley
Coxes Lock Mill,
Addlestone
Eashing Mill,
Eashing
Elstead Mill,
Elstead
Enton Mill,
Witley
Gresham Mill,
Old Woking
Gomshall Mill ,
Gomshall
Hatch Mill,
Godalming
Haxted Watermill , near
Edenbridge
Heath Mill,
Worplesdon
Netley Mill,
Shere
Ockford Mill,
Godalming
Ockham Mill,
Ockham
Old Castle Mill,
Pixham
Paddington Mill,
Abinger
Pirbright Mill,
Pirbright
Pippbrook Mill,
Dorking
Pixham Mill ,
Dorking
Rickford's Mill,
Worplesdon
Shalford Mill ,
Guildford
Sickle Mill,
Haslemere
Snowdenham Mill,
Bramley
Stanford Mill,
Haslemere
Stoke Mill, Guildford
Town Mill ,
Guildford
Unwin's Mill,
Old Woking
Upper Mill,
Ewell
Wonersh Mill,
Wonersh
Tyne and Wear
Path Head Water Mill, Tyne and Wear
Warwickshire
Wellesbourne Water Mill, Warwickshire
West Midlands
Sarehole Mill, West Midlands
West Sussex
Westhampnett Mill, West Sussex
West Yorkshire
Armley Mills, Leeds, West Yorkshire
Wiltshire
Blackland Mill, Wiltshire
Worcestershire
Forge Mill, Worcestershire
Scotland
Aberdeenshire
Mill of Benholm, Aberdeenshire
Angus
Barry Mill, Angus
Dumfries and Galloway
Bobbin Mill on the Fleet, Dumfries and Galloway
East Ayrshire
Aiket Mill, East Ayrshire
Aiket Mill ,
Dunlop
Bloak Mill ,
Dunlop
Busbie Mill ,
Knockentiber
Dalmore Mill ,
Stair
Dalmusternock Mill
Drumastle Mill,
Dalry
Giffen Mill,
Barrmill
Kilmaurs Mill ,
Kilmaurs
Ladeside Mill ,
Mauchline
Laigh Milton Mill ,
Gatehead
Lainshaw Mill ,
Stewarton
Lambroch Mill ,
Stewarton
Old or Commoncraigs Mill,
Dunlop
East Lothian
Preston Mill, East Lothian
East Renfrewshire
Highlands
Click Mill,
Kingussie
Lanarkshire
New Lanark mill buildings
Moray
North Ayrshire
Dalgarven Mill, North Ayrshire
Giffen Mill, North Ayrshire
Bark Mill ,
Beith
Broadstone Mill ,
Barrmill
Cavan Mill ,
Auchentiber
Coldstream Mill ,
Beith
Craigmill ,
Dalry
Cranshaw Mill ,
Kilmaurs
Crevoch Mill ,
Dunlop
Cunninghamhead Mill ,
Cunninghamhead
Dalgarven Mill ,
Kilwinning
Drumastle Mill ,
Dalry
Drumbuie Mill ,
Barrmill
East Kersland Mill ,
Dalry
Giffen Mill ,
Barrmill
Giffordland Mill ,
Dalry
Kersland Mill ,
Beith
Mill o'Beith ,
Beith
Nethermill ,
Kilbirnie
Perceton Mill ,
Irvine
Sevenacres Mill, Kilwinning
Stevenston Corn Mill
Orkney
Dounby Click Mill, Orkney
Ayre Mill,
Kirkwall
Barony Mill ,
Birsay
Boloquoy Mill,
Sanday
Cairston Mill,
Stromness
Dounby Click Mill ,
Dounby
East Denwick Mill,
Deerness
Elwick Mill,
Shapinsay
Eyrland Mill,
Stenness
Firth Mill,
Firth
Grimness Mill,
South Ronaldsay
Kirbuster Mill,
Orphir
Peckhole Mill,
North Ronaldsay
Rango Mill,
Sandwick
Red House Mill,
Eday
Russland Mill,
Harray
Tankerness Mill,
Tankerness
Tormiston Mill ,
Stenness
Trenabie Mill,
Westray
Sebay Mill,
Toab
Sourin Mill,
Rousay
Woodwick Mill,
Evie
Perthshire
Stanley Mills, Perthshire
Renfrewshire
Meikle Millbank Mill, Renfrewshire
Scottish Borders
Robert Small's Printing Works,
Innerleithen
Shetland
Quendale mill, Shetland
South Ayrshire
Millmannoch Mill in the 18th century, South Ayrshire
Western Isles
West Lothian
Northern Ireland
County Antrim
Pattersons Spade Mill, County Antrim
County Down
Coalisland Mill, County Down
County Fermanagh
County Tyrone
Ballynasaggart, County Tyrone
Wales
Clwyd
King's mill, Clwyd
Bersham Ironworks ,
Bersham
Corn Mill,
Llangollen
Felin Isaf,
Glan Conwy
Gresford Mill,
Gresford
King's Mill,
Wrexham
Marford Mill,
Rossett
Minera Lead Mine,
Coedpoeth
Nant Mill ,
Coedpoeth
Penmachno Woollen Mill,
Penmachno
Pentrifoelas Mill,
Pentrefoelas
Rossett Mill,
Rossett
Trefriw Woollen Mill,
Trefriw
Dyfed
Y Felin, St Dogmaels, Dyfed
Blackpool Mill,
Martletwy
Cambrian Mill ,
Dre-fach Felindre
Carew Tidal Mill ,
Carew
Cenarth Mill ,
Cenarth
Denant Mill,
Dreenhill
Dre-fach Felindre
Dyfi Furnace ,
Furnace
Felin Ganol,
Llanrhystud
Felin Geri,
Cwm Cou
Felin Hesgwm,
Dinas Cross
Felin Newydd,
Crugybar
Felin yr Aber
Llanwnnen
Llywernog Mine ,
Llywernog
Middle Mill,
Solva
Nant y Coy Mill,
Wolf's Castle
Rock Mill ,
Llandysul
Tide Mill ,
Carew
Tide Mill,
Pembroke
Tregwynt Woollen Mill ,
Castlemorris
Y Felin,
St. Dogmaels
Gwent
Gelligroes Mill, Gwent
Gwynedd
Melin Hywel, Gwynedd
Mid Glamorgan
Powys
Penegoes Water Mill, Powys
South Glamorgan
Esgair Moel, South Glamorgan
West Glamorgan
See also
References
Bibliography
Martin Watts: Watermills , Shire Publications Ltd, UK, 2006
Jim Woodward-Nutt & Jenny West: Mills Open , Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, UK, 1997
Neil Wright (Ed), Lincolnshire's Industrial Heritage , Society for Lincolnshire History and Archaeology, UK 2004,
ISBN
0 903582 20 1
External links