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Among the categories of names for sports teams in the United States and Canada, those referring to Indigenous peoples are lesser in popularity only to the names of various animals. In a list of the top 100 team names, "Indians" is 14th, "Braves" is 38th, "Chiefs" is 57th. [1] The typical logo is an image of a stereotypical Native American man in profile, wearing a Plains Indians headdress; and are often cartoons or caricatures. Other imagery include dreamcatchers, feathers, spears, and arrows. Individual schools may have performance traditions, such as the tomahawk chop, a mascot or cheerleaders in stereotypical Native attire, and chants adapted from Hollywood movies. These fictional representations stand in the way of any authentic understanding of contemporary Indigenous peoples, and promote racism. [2]
The documents often cited to justifying the trend for change are an advisory opinion by the United States Commission on Civil Rights in 2001 [3] and a resolution by the American Psychological Association in 2005. [4] Both support the views of Native American organizations and individuals that such mascots maintain harmful stereotypes that are discriminatory and cause harm by distorting the past and preventing understanding of Native American/First Nations peoples in the present.
The trend towards the elimination of Indigenous names and mascots in local schools has been steady, with two-thirds having been eliminated during the 50 years prior to 2013 according to the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI). [5] In more recent years, the trend has accelerated, particularly in July 2020, following a wave of racial awareness and reforms in wake of national protests after the murder of George Floyd, and the decision by the Washington Commanders to change their Redskins name and logo. [6] [7] [8]
In a few states with significant Native American populations; such as Colorado, [9] Maine, [10] Nevada, [11] Oregon, [12] Washington, [13] and Wisconsin, [14] change has been mandated by law. A law was passed in Connecticut which withholds tribal funding provided by casino revenue from any school that retains a Native mascots after July 1, 2022. Most have complied, but four school districts have decided to keep their mascots; Derby Red Raiders, Killingly Redmen, Windsor Warriors and Nonnewaug High School Chiefs. [15]
The school board in Cambridge, New York voted in June 2021 to eliminate the name and logo of the Cambridge High School "Indians". After the seating of two new members, the board voted to reverse this decision in July 2021. A group of parents favoring removal filed an appeal to the New York State Department of Education which issued an order requiring removal of the mascot or lose state funding. This order applies only to Cambridge, although there are 70 schools in the state that have Native mascots. [16] In a final order, the state Education Commissioner ordered the school to entirely eliminate the mascot by July 1, 2022, citing the evidence that Native mascots "inhibits the creation of 'a safe and supportive environment' for all students". [17] [18] [19] The school board voted 3-2 to file an appeal with the state Supreme Court, arguing that the state Education Commissioner's order singles out Cambridge while allowing other schools to maintain their mascots. It is the state's position that the order to remove the Cambridge mascot alone is in support of the prior board's decision. [20] In December, 2023 the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division unanimously dismissed the appeal as "moot." [21]
The list below for secondary schools in the United States and Canada remains substantial, with 358 teams currently calling themselves "Indians", 158 "Warriors" using Indigenous imagery (there are many with the name using generic, Greek or Roman mascots), 113 "Braves", 66 "Chiefs", and 35 "Redskins". The latter has shown the greatest decline, due to an association with the Washington Redskins name controversy. Since the NFL team began the process of changing its name to the Washington Commanders, twelve high schools previously using the name also changed. Snell Middle School in Bayard, New Mexico also dropped the name. [22]
The following schools are listed in alphabetical order by team name:
The following use Native American arrows, feathers, or arrowheads in their logos:
Most of the schools with the name use a bird logo, therefore are not directly derived from an Indigenous people although there may be an indirect reference to Chief Black Hawk. The following use Native American images/symbols:
The term " renegade" was historically used to describe Native Americans who refused to live on reservations and continued to follow traditional lifestyles. [212] [213]
Squaw is a sexualized racial slur against Native women. [218]
Although the thunderbird is a creature in Native American mythology, these school's logos/mascots may come from indirect associations with the United States Air Force Thunderbirds or the Ford Thunderbird.
A number of schools with the name "Warriors" never used Indigenous imagery, or changed in response to the controversy.
There have been 20 changes due to school closures or consolidations.
School | City | State / Province | Old Name | Year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albany High School | Albany | Georgia | Indians/Squaws | 2017 | |
Alto Pass High School | Alto Pass | Illinois | Apaches | 1969 | Consolidated into Cobden High School, nicknamed Appleknockers. [253] |
Austine School for the Deaf | Brattleboro | Vermont | Arrows | 2014 | [254] |
Berea High School | Berea | Ohio | Braves | 2013 | School closed in 2013. Merged with fellow Berea City School District high school Midpark High School to reopen as Berea-Midpark High School with the Titans as their mascot. [255] |
Cambridge Matignon School | Cambridge | Massachusetts | Warriors | 2023 | [256] |
Carrollton High School | Carrollton | Alabama | Indians | 2006 | [257] |
Coushatta High School | Coushatta | Louisiana | Choctaws | 2002 | [258] |
Cumberland High School | Cumberland | Kentucky | Redskins | 2008 | Consolidated with two other schools into Harlan County High School. |
Elmer L. Meyers Junior/Senior High School | Wilkes-Barre | Pennsylvania | Mohawks | 2021 | Three high schools consolidated into Wilkes-Barre Area High School. |
Gridley High School | Gridley | Illinois | Redskins | 2004 | Merged with another school to become the El Paso–Gridley Titans. [259] |
Kelly High School | Wise | Virginia | Indian | 2011 | Merged with another school. |
Ledgemont High School | Thompson Township | Ohio | Redskins | 2015 | [260] |
Logan High School | Logan | South Dakota | Arrows | [261] | |
Manual High School | Indianapolis | Indiana | Redskins | 2021 | As part of a merger into Christel House Academy, the mascot will become the Eagles. [262] |
Pocahontas High School | Pocahontas | Virginia | Indians | 2008 | [263] |
Pontiac Central High School | Pontiac | Michigan | Chiefs | 2009 | Two high schools consolidated into Pontiac High School. |
St. Alphonsis High School | Dearborn | Michigan | Arrows | 2002 | [264] |
St. Wendelin High School | Fostoria | Ohio | Mohawks | 2017 | [265] |
Storden Jeffers High School | Storden | Minnesota | Chiefs | High schools consolidated. [266] | |
Tulare High School | Tulare | South Dakota | Chieftains | Hitchcock-Tulare Schools consolidated. [267] |
There have been 267 changes due to decisions to eliminate discrimination.
School | City | State / Province | Old Name | New Name | Year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afton High School | Afton | New York | Indians | Crimson Knights | 2001 | |
Algonquin Regional High School | Northborough | Massachusetts | Tomahawks | Titans [268] | 2021 | Northboro-Southboro Regional School Committee retires the mascot after a unanimous vote. [269] One of the leading suggestion for a new mascot in a community survey, "Thunderhawks" has met with resistance from three Native tribes as not moving away from Native American associations. [270] |
Amesbury High School | Amesbury | Massachusetts | Indians | Red Hawks | 2021 | After discussions that began in 2016, [271] [272] [273] a committee appointed to study the issue in 2021 voted to retire the mascot. [274] |
Anderson High School | Cincinnati | Ohio | Redskins | Raptors | 2020 | After decades of discussion, the Forrest Hills School Board voted to change the name in the wake of increased recognition of systemic racism. [275] The new mascot, Raptors was announced in March, 2021. [276] |
Armijo High School | Fairfield | California | Indians | The Royals | 2019 | In 2018 the school district instructed the superintendent to appoint a committee to study the possible change of the mascot. [277] In 2019 the committee voted 11–4 in favor of changing the "Indians" name. [278] |
Arvada High School | Arvada | Colorado | Redskins | Reds | 1993 | Bulldog mascot [207] |
Atchison High School | Atchison | Kansas | Redmen | Phoenix [279] | 2021 | Changing the mascot was discussed at a public forum in October, 2018 with no consensus to change. [280] In 2021 public opinion had progressed, and the Atchison Unified School District 409 Board of Education voted unanimously to drop both the "Redmen" and the "Braves", the mascot of the middle school. [281] |
Athol High School | Athol | Massachusetts | Red Raiders | Bears | 2020 | The Athol Royalston Regional School Committee voted unanimously to discontinue the Red Raider as the mascot for Athol High School sports teams. [282] |
Auburndale Middle & High School | Auburndale | Wisconsin | Apaches | Eagles [283] | 2019 | [284] |
Averill Park High School | Averill Park | New York | Warriors | Golden Knights | 2024 | [285] |
Avon High School | Avon | New York | Braves | River Hawks | 2024 | [286] |
Balfour Collegiate | Regina | Saskatchewan | Redmen | Bears | 2014 | [287] |
Barnstable High School | Hyannis | Massachusetts | Red Raiders | Red Hawks | 2020 | After years of opposition, including by the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, the principal decided it was time for change. Although the decision needs to be confirmed by a school committee in August, it is not in doubt given the awareness of institutional racism. [288] |
Bedford Road Collegiate | Saskatoon | Saskatchewan | Redmen | Redhawks | 2014 | [289] |
Belding High School | Belding | Michigan | Redskins | Black Knights [290] | 2016 | The Belding Area Schools Board of Education unanimously voted December 19, 2016 to drop the Redskins and begin the process of selecting a new name. [291] |
Bellingham High School | Bellingham | Washington | Red Raiders | Bayhawks [292] | 2021 | A new name will be selected from four alternatives after a period of public online comment. [293] |
Belmont High School | Belmont | New Hampshire | Red Raiders | N/A | 2022 | Students proposed a change of imagery in 2014. [294] In June 2022 the school board voted to remove the Native American logo, retaining the Raiders name, with a new theme to be selected by students. [295] |
Bethel High School | Spanaway | Washington | Braves | Bison | 2021 | In accordance with Washington law [296] |
Bodley High School | Fulton | New York | Red Raiders | Red Dragons | 2023 | [297] |
Boise High School | Boise | Idaho | Braves | Brave | 2019 | While the name will be used immediately, it may take years to remove all of the former mascot imagery. [298] |
Bountiful High School | Bountiful | Utah | Braves | Redhawks [299] | 2020 | Calls for change of the mascot for the predominantly white school mounted after the murder of George Floyd. [300] |
Brebeuf College School | Toronto | Ontario | Redmen | Bulls | 2004 | |
Brentwood High School | Brentwood | New York | Indians | Spartans | 2024 | [301] |
Caledonia-Mumford High School | Caledonia | New York | Red Raiders | Raiders | 2023 | Logo also changed to wolf. [302] |
Camanche High School | Camanche | Iowa | Indians | Storm | 2021 | Responding to letters from the Meskawki and Oneida Nations, the school board voted 5-1 in favor of changing the mascot. [303] [304] |
Camden-Frontier High School | Camden | Michigan | Redskins | TBD | 2023 | The mascot will be retired immediately, with removal to be completed by June 2024. [305] |
Campo High School | Campo, Colorado | Colorado | Warriors | Patriots | 2022 | The South Baca Patriots are a CO-OP between Campo, Vilas, and Pritchett school districts. [306] |
Canajoharie High School | Canajoharie | New York | Redskins | Cougars | 2000 | [207] |
Canandaigua Academy | Canandaigua | New York | Braves | Gray Wolves | 2023 | [307] |
Canister-Greenwood High School | Canisteo | New York | Redskins | Chargers [308] | 2023 | A committee that included students, staff and alumni recommended changing the mascot after two months of study that included a survey in which 80% supported the change. Final action will not occur until 2023. [309] |
Canton High School | Canton | Connecticut | Warriors | N/A | 2021 | After a year of evaluation and gathering feedback from the public, a committee unanimously voted to recommend the removal of Native American imagery from logos and athletic equipment while retaining the Warriors name. [310] |
Canton High School | Canton | Michigan | Chiefs | Cobras [311] | 2023 | Change passed by school board due to student initiative over alumni opposition. [312] |
Capitol Hill High School | Oklahoma City | Oklahoma | Redskins | Red Wolves | 2015 | Redskins retired December 2014 by a vote of the school board, [313] students selected as their new mascot in 2015. [314] |
Cedar High School | Cedar City | Utah | Redmen | Reds [315] | 2019 | "Redmen" mascot retired by a 3–2 vote of the school board. [316] Five years after the decision, the school board voted down a proposal to revert to the old mascot. [317] |
Centennial High School | Blaine | Minnesota | Chiefs | Cougars | 1995 | Students at the high school, led by the high school principal and the student council, solicited suggested mascot names from the student body and from the community. A variety of names were recommended and put on a ballot. The students at the high school voted to change the name to "Cougars". The Centennial School Board approved the new name. [318] |
Central High School | Grand Junction | Colorado | Warriors | N/A | 2021 | In response to state law, the Native logo was dropped. [319] The name will be retained, but represented by a shield. [320] |
Chamberlain High School | Tampa | Florida | Chiefs | Storm [321] | 2022 | [322] |
Chautauqua Lake Central School | Mayville | New York | Thunderbirds | Eagles | 2023 | [323] |
Cheektowaga Central High School | Cheektowaga | New York | Warriors | Chargers [324] | 2023 | [325] |
Cheyenne Mountain High School | Colorado Springs | Colorado | Indians | Red-Tailed Hawk | 2021 | In response to a statewide program, the school took action in 2016 to eliminate stereotyping, including doing the tomahawk chop, or wearing warpaint and headdresses at games. [326] In February 2021, the district board voted 4-1 to retire the mascot in response to Indigenous people advocating change, while students and alumni sought to retain it. [327] In July the Red-Tailed Hawk was selected as the new mascot although the logo is "Cheyenne Mountain Hawks" with two feathers. [328] |
Chowchilla High School | Chowchilla | California | Redskins | Tribe | 2016 | School plans to retain Native American imagery. [223] |
Cincinnati Country Day School | Cincinnati | Ohio | Indians | Nighthawks | 2020 | The school board voted to change the mascot in August 2020, with overwhelming support of the community. Nighthawks was selected in January 2021. [329] |
Clinton Community Schools | Clinton | Michigan | Redskins | Redwolves [330] | 2020 | In 2010 the school said it would keep the name as long as it was being used by the Washington NFL team. [331] |
Colonie Central High School | Colonie | New York | Raiders | Wolfpack | 2023 | [332] |
Clover Park High School | Lakewood | Washington | Warriors | Timberwolves | 2022 | [333] |
Columbia River High School | Vancouver | Washington | Chieftain | The Rapids [334] | 2020 | Although the Washington State Board of Education issued a resolution advising schools to review their use of Native American mascots, Columbia River students voted in May, 2019 to retain their mascot. [335] In September 2020 the board responded to local tribal leaders and a petition by voting unanimously to retire the mascot at the high school, and also Minnehaha Elementary School. [336] |
Colusa High School | Colusa | California | Redskins | RedHawks | 2012 | [207] |
Colville High School | Colville | Washington | Indians | Crimson Hawks | 2021 | |
Conard High School | West Hartford | Connecticut | Chieftain | Red Wolves | 2022 | After a meeting with local voices for and against, the Board of Education voted 5-2 change mascot. [337] |
Conrad Schools of Science | Wilmington | Delaware | Redskins | Red Wolves | 2017 | The name was dropped in June 2016 [338] The "Red Wolves" was selected by a student vote in February, 2017. [339] |
Cooperstown Junior-Senior High School | Cooperstown | New York | Redskins | Hawkeyes | 2013 | Students voted to change the mascot over the objections of alumni and parents. [340] In appreciation the Oneida Tribe of New York donated $10,000 to assist with the cost of the change. [341] |
Copper Cliff | Sudbury | Ontario | Braves | Crushers | 2013 | [342] |
Corinth Central High School | Corinth | New York | Tomahawks | River Hawks | 2023 | To comply with state mandate, the school board voted for the name change after surveying students and residents. [343] |
Coxsackie-Athens High School | Coxsackie | New York | Indians | Riverhawks [344] | 2021 | In addition to the new mascot, the school district will develop a K-12 cirriculum to educate on the Indigenous peoples of our region. [345] |
Cross Keys High School | Atlanta | Georgia | Indians | Phoenix | 2024 | [346] |
Cuyahoga Heights High School | Cuyahoga Heights | Ohio | Redskins | Red Wolves | 2021 | Until a news mascot is selected, the school will be known as "Heights". Imagery associated with the old name on uniforms and surfaces will be removed by normal replacement. [347] |
Danville High School | Danville | Vermont | Indians | Bears | 2020 | The school board voted to eliminate the Indians mascot in March 2020. Students selected the Bears in December 2021. [348] |
David and Mary Thomson Collegiate Institute | Scarborough | Ontario | Redmen | Titans | 2005 | |
Edmondson-Westside High School | Baltimore | Maryland | Redskins | Red Storm | 2002 | |
Edgewood Junior/Senior High School | Brevard County | Florida | Indians | Red Wolves | 2021 | An advisory committee voted unanimously to begin the process of changing the mascot. [349] |
Enterprise High School | Enterprise | Oregon | Savages | Outlaws | 1997 | [350] |
Esko High School | Esko | Minnesota | Eskomos | TBD | 2023 | [351] |
Fairview High School | Fairview Park | Ohio | Warriors | N/A | 2019 | Native imagery replaced by gladiator, name kept. [352] |
Farmington High School | Farmington | Connecticut | Indians | River Hawks | 2020 | After debating the name since the 1990s, Farmington's school board appointed a committee in early 2020 that concluded the name should go. [353] |
Flint Central High School | Flint | Michigan | Indians | Phoenix | 2005 | |
Fonda-Fultonville High School | Fonda, New York | New York | Braves | TBD | 2023 | State mascot advisory panel rejected plan to keep the name sponsored by an individual that did not represent a Federally recognized tribe. [354] |
Foxborough High School | Foxborough | Massachusetts | Warriors | N/A | 2023 | School is changing logo but keeping the name. [355] |
Frederick High School | Frederick | Colorado | Warriors | Golden Eagles [356] | 2021 | The school will change its mascot in response to new state law. [357] |
Fresno High School | Fresno | California | Warriors | N/A | 2020 | Name will remain, but Native American images will be removed. [358] |
Frontier Regional School | Deerfield | Massachusetts | Redskins | Red Hawks | 2000 | [207] |
Gardena High School | Los Angeles | California | Mohican | Panther | 1997 | Located in the Harbor Gateway neighborhood of LA. [359] |
Gar-Field Senior High School | Woodbridge | Virginia | Indian | Red Wolves | 2021 | A committee will select a new mascot from those submitted by alumni, students, a community members. [360] |
General William J. Palmer High School | Colorado Springs | Colorado | Terrors | N/A | 1985 | Did not change the name but the original mascot was a caricature of a Native American called "Eagle Beak", replaced with an Eagle. [361] |
Glastonbury High School | Glastonbury | Connecticut | Tomahawks | Guardians | 2020 | The board of education voted 7-1 to retire the mascot, citing racial insensitivity. [362] |
Glens Falls High School | Glens Falls | New York | Indians | TBD | 2023 | Final choice of a new mascot will be made by a student committee. [363] |
Glenwood High School | Chatham | Illinois | Redskins | Titans | 2001 | [207] |
Goffstown High School | Goffstown | New Hampshire | Redskins | Grizzlies | 1994 | [207] |
Goshen High School | Goshen | Indiana | Redskins | Redhawks | 2016 | |
Grafton High School | Grafton | Wisconsin | Blackhawks | Black Hawks | 1998 | |
Grand Forks Central High School | Grand Forks | North Dakota | Redskins | Knights | 1992 | [207] |
Grand Rapids High School | Grand Rapids | Minnesota | Indians | Thunderhawks | 1995 | |
Green Mountain Union High School | Chester | Vermont | Chieftains | TBD | 2023 | [364] |
Guilford High School | Guilford | Connecticut | Indians | Grizzlies [365] | 2020 | The School Board voted unanimously in favor of the change. [366] |
Gustine High School | Gustine | California | Redskins | Reds | 2016 | Became the first to comply with the Californian state law, adopting the name used by the school from 1913 to 1936. [367] |
H.C. Wilcox Technical High School | Meriden | Connecticut | Indians | Wildcats | 2021 | [368] |
Hall High School | West Hartford | Connecticut | Warriors | Titans | 2022 | In 2012 the vote was to keep the name, but remove Native American imagery. [369] In 2022, the Board of Education voted to change the name also. [337] |
Hanover High School | Hanover | Massachusetts | Indians | Hawks [370] | 2020 | A mascot selection committee received 89 suggestions for a replacement. [371] |
Hart High School | Newhall, Santa Clarita | California | Indians | Hawks | 2021 | Beginning with an online petition in 2020, thousands of students favored changing the name, [372] but in 2021 a survey found that a majority of students favored keeping the mascot. [373] In July 2021 the school governing board voted to begin a process to remove the name and imagery by 2025. [374] The Hawks was selected as the new mascot in March 2024. [375] |
Hartford High School | Hartford | Michigan | Indians | Huskies | 2021 | In 2021 Hartford Public Schools announced retirement the Indian mascot for the end of the 2021-2022 school year. [376] The Huskies was selected as the new name in April, 2022. [377] |
Henderson High School | West Chester | Pennsylvania | Warriors | N/A | 2020 | The school will keep the name but remove Native American imagery. [378] |
Hiawatha High School | Hiawatha | Kansas | Redskins | Red Hawks | 2001 | [207] |
Hinkley High School | Aurora | Colorado | Thunderbirds | Thunder [379] | 2022 | In compliance with state law, the Thunderbirds mascot has been removed from three local schools. [380] |
Hot Springs High School | Hot Springs | Montana | Savages | Savage Heat | 2007 | |
Huntley High School | Huntley | Illinois | Redskins | Red Raiders | 2002 | Native American Bar Association threatened litigation. [381] |
Idaho School for the Deaf and the Blind | Gooding | Idaho | Redskins | Raptors | 1990 | [207] |
Immaculate Conception High School | Lodi | New Jersey | Apaches | Blue Wolves | 2004 | |
Indian River Central High School | Philadelphia | New York | Warriors | TBD | 2023 | [382] |
Iowa Falls-Alden High School | Iowa Falls | Iowa | Redskins | Cadets | 1999 | [207] |
Iroquois High School | Buffalo | New York | Chiefs | Red Hawks [383] | 2023 | [325] |
Iroquois High School | Elma | New York | Chiefs | TBD | 2023 | [384] |
James S. Rickards High School | Tallahassee | Florida | Redskins | Raiders | 2000 | [207] |
Jamestown High School | Jamestown | New York | Red Raiders | Red & Green [385] | 2022 | A "big cat" logo was used with the raiders name from the 1930s to the 1970s, when a Native American logo was first used. This was replaced with a "J" with feathers in 2014. The 2022 decision removed the feathers, and the current proposal is to restore a modernized version of the big cat. [386] |
Jefferson High School | Daly City | California | Indians | Grizzlies | 2015 | |
John Jay High School | Cross River | New York | Indians | Wolves [387] | 2019 | The Katonah-Lewisboro Board of Education reached a consensus to replace the mascot, noting that some in the community may find it offensive. [388] |
John Swett High School | Crockett | California | Indians | Warriors | 2015 | While dropping the Indian name, [389] adoption of the Warriors is seen by many as a way of retaining Native American imagery. [390] |
Kalama Middle/High School | Kalama | Washington | Chinook | N/A | 2021 | The prior logo featuring "Charlie Chinook", a cartoon Native American character has been replaced by a salmon. [391] |
Keshequa High School | Nunda | New York | Indians | Wildcats | 2024 | [392] |
La Crosse Central High School | La Crosse | Wisconsin | Red Raiders | RiverHawks | 2020 | The logo was changed from a Native American image to a Knight in the 1990s. [393] |
La Veta High School | La Veta | Colorado | Redskins | Redhawks | 2020 | After a contentious discussion, the La Vita School Board vote 3-1 to retire the mascot and appoint a committee to select another. [394] |
Lamar High School | Lamar | Colorado | Savages | Thunder | 2022 | "Savage Thunder" was originally proposed as the new name, accompanied by a bison logo. [165] Savage was then dropped when the state commission reject the proposal. [395] |
Lamar High School | Houston | Texas | Redskins | Texans | 2014 | Houston ISD voted to change racially insensitive mascots. [396] [397] [398] |
Lancaster High School | Lancaster | New York | Redskins | Legends | 2015 | After contentious community meetings, the school board voted to retire the name. [399] The new name was selected by a vote by students. [400] |
Lane Technical College Prep High School | Chicago | Illinois | Indians | Champions [401] | 2020 | The mascot was retired in August after a month-long period of consideration which included input from the American Indian Center and a questionnaire which found overwhelming support for change among students, faculty, staff and alumni. [402] |
Lemont High School | Lemont | Illinois | Indians | TBD | 2021 | The school board voted unanimously to phase out the old mascot. [403] |
Letchworth High School | Gainesville | New York | Indians | Legends [404] | 2023 | [405] |
Loveland High School | Loveland | Colorado | Indians | Red Wolves [406] | 2020 | One of two mascots retired by the Thompson School District Board of Education as racist and offensive. Bill Reed Middle School that had previously been the "Redskins" changed to the "Warriors" in 1995; but now will select a new mascot. [407] |
Lyme Central High School | Chaumont | New York | Indians | Lakers [408] | 2022 | [409] |
McClymonds High School | Oakland | California | Warriors | N/A | 2021 | Students led an effort to adopt African warrior imagery for the school. [410] |
Mahopac High School | Mahopac | New York | Indians | Wolf Pac | 2023 | [411] |
Manchester High School | Manchester | Connecticut | Indians | Red Hawks | 2019 | The Manchester Board of Education voted to change the nickname and mascot. [412] |
Manhasset Secondary School | Manhasset, New York | New York | Indians | Manhasset | 2024 | Officially, there will be no mascot, Manhasset or "Set" being used to refer to the team. [413] |
Manistee Middle / High School | Manistee | Michigan | Chippewa | TBD | 2022 | [414] |
Marion High School | Marion | Iowa | Indians | Wolves | 2020 | MISD board of education voted 5-2 in favor of change. [415] The first replacement was to be the "Mavericks", [416] but upon finding the name derives from a Texas slave owner, Wolves was selected. [417] |
Marist High School | Chicago | Illinois | Redskins | Redhawks | 1997 | Change was discussed, then made with little comment except a few alumni. [418] |
Marquette Senior High School | Marquette | Michigan | Redmen | Sentinels | 2023 | [419] |
Marshall High School | Marshall | Michigan | Redskins | Redhawks | 2005 | [207] |
Mason City High School | Mason City | Iowa | Mohawks | River Hawks [420] | 2021 | [421] |
Massena Central High School | Massena | New York | Red Raiders | Raiders | 2001-2023 (See note) | While remaining the Red Raiders, the Indian head logo was phased out 2001–2004. The new Spartan logo was not approved until 2018, so unofficial use of the prior logo continued. [422] [423] In 2023, the name was changed to simply Raiders. [424] |
Meadowdale High School | Edmonds | Washington | Chiefs | Mavericks | 1999 | |
Mechanicville High School | Halfmoon | New York | Red Raiders | TBD | [332] | |
Melrose High School | Melrose | Massachusetts | Red Raiders | Red Hawks [425] | 2021 | |
Menomonee Falls High School | Menomonee Falls | Wisconsin | Indians | Phoenix | 2020 | [426] |
Milford High School | Highland | Michigan | Redskins | Mavericks | 2002 | [207] |
Millard South High School | Omaha | Nebraska | Indians | Patriots | 2000 | |
Minnehaha Academy | Minneapolis | Minnesota | Indians [427] | Redhawks | 1990 | A private Christian school |
Minisink Valley Central High School | Slate Hill | New York | Warriors | N/A | 2023 | Replacing Native American image with "MV" logo. [428] |
Mohawk High School | Marcola | Oregon | Mohawk Indian | Mustangs | 2017 | Name derived from Mohawk Valley. [429] |
Mohawk Trail Regional High School | Buckland | Massachusetts | Warriors | N/A | 2022 | Name retained, but Native American imagery removed. [430] |
Mohonasen High School | Rotterdam | New York | Warriors | TBD | 2023 | [431] |
Montevideo High School | Montevideo | Minnesota | Mohawks | Thunderhawks | 2015 | |
Montrose High School | Montrose | Colorado | Indians | Red Hawks [432] | 2021 | Change is being made in response to new state law. [433] |
Montville High School | Oakdale | Connecticut | Indians | TBD | 2022 | The Mohegan Tribe has offered to help pay for the expense of replacing logos and uniforms. [434] |
Moses Lake High School | Moses Lake | Washington | Chiefs | Mavericks | 2022 | To comply with state law, and a decision by the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, the change also includes two middle schools in the district. [435] |
Mountain Empire High School | Pine Valley | California | Redskins | Redhawks | 1997 | [207] |
Napa High School | Napa | California | Indians | Grizzly | 2018 | A school district committee recommended changing the mascot in 2017, which aroused some opposition. [436] However, a new mascot was selected in August, 2018 by students and staff. [437] |
Naperville Central High School | Naperville | Illinois | Redskins | Red Hawks | 1992 | Alumni retained an attachment to the old name, but most think the change was a good one. [438] |
Nashoba Regional High School | Bolton | Massachusetts | Chieftains | Wolves | 2021 | [439] |
Natick High School | Natick | Massachusetts | Redmen | Red Hawks | 2012 | Change voted 2007, new name selected 2012. [440] [441] |
Nauset Regional High School | Eastham | Massachusetts | Warriors | N/A | 2008 | Name retained, but all references to Native Americans removed. [442] |
Newington High School | Newington | Connecticut | Indians | Nor’Easters | 2021 | School board vote followed trend of other Connecticut high schools. [443] |
Nezperce High School | Nezperce | Idaho | Indians | Nighthawks | 2020 | In January 2014 the Nez Perce Tribal Executive Committee sent a letter to the school district asking that the mascot be changed. The school began de-emphasizing Native imagery, and used a block "N" as its logo. The school board voted to retire the mascot in July 2020 with a committee to select a new name in September. [444] Nighthawks was selected in December, 2020. [445] |
Niles West High School | Skokie | Illinois | Indians | Wolves | 2002 | The name Indians was dropped and the new name Wolves was voted in by student vote and internet polling. [446] |
Niskayuna High School | Niskayuna | New York | Mohawks | Silver Warriors | 2023 | [447] |
North Central High School | Spokane | Washington | Indians | Wolfpack | 2021 | In addition to the high school, the Spokane Public Schools board unanumously approved retiring the mascots at Sheridan Elementary and Garry Middle School. [448] |
North Douglas High School | Drain | Oregon | Warriors | N/A | 2016 | Name will be retained, but the mascot "Willie the Warrior" will be retired at the end of the 2016 school year and other Native American imagery will be removed. [449] |
North Haven High School | North Haven | Connecticut | Indians | Nighthawks [450] | 2021 | Although there had been movement toward changing the mascot in recent years, the final unanimous decision by the school board came in response to a decision to withhold any Connecticut school's share of revenue from Native American gaming if they retained the mascot. [451] |
North Quincy High School | Quincy | Massachusetts | Red Raiders | Raiders | 2020 | Changed the logo from Native American to revolutionary war era clothing |
North River High School | Cosmopolis | Washington | Redskins | Mustangs | 1995 | [207] |
North Side High School | Fort Wayne | Indiana | Redskins | Legends | 2015 | The school's yearbook had always been the Legend. [452] |
Northwest Catholic High School | West Hartford | Connecticut | Indians | Lions | 2015 | [453] |
Norwalk High School | Norwalk | Iowa | Warriors | N/A | 2020 | Name will be retained, but Native American imagery will be removed. |
Nyack High School | Upper Nyack | New York | Indians | RedHawks | 2020 | Name dropped by a unanimous vote of the school board citing movement away from Native mascots by professional teams. [454] |
Oak Park High School | Oak Park | Michigan | Redskins | Knights | 1990 | [207] |
Odessa-Montour High School | Odessa | New York | Indians | Grizzlies | 2022 | Change prompted by discussions between school leaders and members of the Seneca Nation of New York. [455] |
Okemos High School | Okemos | Michigan | Chieftains/Chiefs | Wolves | 2021 | A debate since the 1990s, the school had agreed in 2004 to phase out Chieftains in favor of Chiefs, a more direct reference to the town's namesake. The main issue currently is the cost, projecting 2023 for the completion of the change. [456] |
Oneida High School | Oneida | New York | Indians | Express | 2023 | [457] |
Onteora High School | Boiceville | New York | Indian | Eagle | 2016 | [458] |
Oriskany High School | Oriskany | New York | Redskins | Skyhawks | 2024 | [459] |
Osseo-Fairchild High School | Osseo | Wisconsin | Chieftains | Thunder | 2010 | |
Ossining High School | Ossining | New York | Indians | Lion | 2002 | In June 2002, the school changed its mascot to Riverhawk, but after opposition from the student body, the team became 'O' in 2007. [460] In 2024, the mascot became the Lion [461] |
Owatonna Senior High School | Owatonna | Minnesota | Indians | Huskies | 1994 | |
Owego Free Academy High School | Owego | New York | Indians | River Hawks | 2023 | [462] |
Park High School | Cottage Grove | Minnesota | Indians | Wolfpack | 1994 | An "Indian Head" mosaic created in 1965 in the main hallway of the school has become the subject of contention between Native Americans and their supporters who want it removed, and others in the community who consider it a work of art and part of the school's history. [463] |
Parsippany High School | Parsippany-Troy Hills | New Jersey | Redskins | Redhawks | 2001 | [207] |
Pascack Valley High School | Hillsdale | New Jersey | Indians | Panthers [464] | 2020 | The Pascack Valley Regional District High School Board of Education voted to change both the "Cowboys" of Pascack Hills HS and the "Indians" at Pascack Valley. [465] |
Paw Paw High School | Paw Paw | Michigan | Redskins | Red Wolves | 2020 | Having voted to retain the mascot in 2017, the school board decided to end the continuing controversy in March 2020 and retire the name at the end of the school year. [466] In July 2020 the school board voted to accept Red Wolves as the new name. [467] |
Penfield High School | Penfield | New York | Chiefs | Patriots | 2001 | |
Pentucket Regional High School | West Newbury | Massachusetts | Sachem | Panthers | 2022 | Criticism of the mascot began in 2016,
[271] but the school board voted to retain the mascot
[468]
With the attention to racial justice as an issue in June 2020, the name again drew scrutiny, noting the lack of Native American education at the school, and the name referring to an honorific that is inappropriate for a sports team. [469] The change decision was made in June, 2022. [470] |
Peru High School | Peru | New York | Indians | Nighthawks | 2021 | [471] |
Petoskey High School | Petoskey | Michigan | Northmen | N/A | 2020 | The school board voted unanimously to retire the Native American logo used by the Northmen. The nearby Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians passed a resolution in 2005 condemning the use of Native American mascots. [472] |
Pocatello High School | Pocatello | Idaho | Indians | Thunder [473] | 2020 | In response to the change of mascots at other Idaho schools in 2019, Pocatello supporters indicated that they would oppose change, "Indians" not being the same as Reskins or Savages. [474] In 2020, the Pocatello-Chubbuck School Board voted to retire the mascot, but not effective until the end of the school year. [475] |
Port Huron High School | Port Huron | Michigan | Big Reds | Redhawks | 2023 | Two elementary schools also have new mascots. [476] |
Port Townsend High School | Port Townsend | Washington | Redskins | Redhawks [477] | 2014 | |
Potomac High School | Oxon Hill | Maryland | Braves | Wolverines | 2001 | |
Poynette High School | Poynette | Wisconsin | Indians | Pumas | 2009 | |
Radnor High School | Radnor Township | Pennsylvania | Raiders | Raptors | 2020 | The school board voted 8-1 to retire the name and Native American imagery as offensive, a replacement to be selected later. [478] |
Ramay Junior High School | Fayetteville | Arkansas | Indians | Red Wolves [479] | 2019 | In April, 2019 a decision has been made by referendum to replace the Ramay "Indians" with a new mascot in 2020. [480] |
Reading Memorial High School | Reading | Massachusetts | Redmen | Rockets | ||
Red Cloud Indian School | Pine Ridge Indian Reservation | South Dakota | Chiefs | Crusaders | ||
Red Jacket High School | Shortsville | New York | Indians | Cardinals | 2024 | [481] |
Red Lodge High School | Red Lodge | Montana | Redskins | Rams | 2011 | The trustees of the school favored a change, while the community was divided. [482] |
Reedsport Community Charter School | Reedsport | Oregon | Braves | Brave | 2016 | The school board decided to change name and remove Native American imagery. [449] |
Renton High School | Renton | Washington | Indians | Redhawks | 2021 | Change is in response to new state law. [483] |
RHAM High School | Hebron | Connecticut | Sachems | Raptors | 2020 | Discussion of change began in February, 2020 in response to opposition to the mascot, including the Mohican Tribe stating that they no longer support the use of Native American mascots in Connecticut. [484] |
Richfield Springs Central School | Richfield Springs | New York | Indians | Eagles [485] | 2023 | The school announced on January 18, 2023, that the name would officially be retired at the conclusion of the school year and a new name would be selected. |
Romulus Central High School | Romulus | New York | Warriors | Royals | 2023 | [486] |
Roy C. Ketcham High School | Wappingers Falls | New York | Indians | Storm | 2023 | [487] |
Runnymede Collegiate Institute | Toronto | Ontario | Redmen | Ravens | 1994 | |
Rutland High School | Rutland | Vermont | Raiders | TBD | 2022 | After years of local contorversy that included a name change and a reversal, a Vermont state law adopted in May 2022 requires all schools to adopt a nondiscimitatory policy regarding mascots. [488] |
St. Joseph High School | South Bend | Indiana | Indians | TBD | 2023 | A committee including student, faculty and parents recommended the change, which was passed unanymously by the school board. [489] |
Salesian High School | Richmond | California | Chieftains | "Pride" the Lion | 2006 | |
Sandusky High School | Sandusky | Michigan | Redskins | TBD | 2022 | In April 2022, the Sandusky Community Schools Board of Education voted to retire its mascot at the end of the current school year. [490] |
Sanford High School | Sanford | Colorado | Indians | Mustangs | 2022 | Change in response to state law. [491] |
Sanford High School | Sanford | Maine | Redskins | Spartans | 2012 | New mascot select by students. [492] |
Saranac Central High School | Dannemora | New York | Chiefs | Spartans | 2023 | [493] |
Saranac High School | Saranac | Michigan | Redskins | TBD | 2021 | [494] |
Saranac Lake High School | Saranac Lake | New York | Redskins | Red Storm | 2001 | [207] |
Saugatuck High School | Saugatuck | Michigan | Indians | Trailblazers [495] | 2020 | Stating that the mascot was reexamined in light of recent changes by other teams, the Board of Education voted unanymousy to retire the "Indians". [496] |
Sauk Rapids-Rice High School | Sauk Rapids | Minnesota | Indians | Storm | 1995 | [497] |
Scarborough High School | Scarborough | Maine | Redskins | Red Storm | 2001 | [207] |
Schoharie High School | Schoharie | New York | Indians | Storm | 2023 | [498] |
Scotch Plains-Fanwood High School | Union County | New Jersey | Raiders | N/A | 2004 | Although the Native American logo was replaced in 2004 by a generic figure with a sword and shield, fans continued to wear the old logo and appear at games in Native American headdresses. The more professionally designed logo for 2018 of a Knight in Armor is intended to reference a Scottish tradition. [499] |
Seneca High School | Seneca | Wisconsin | Indians | Royals [500] | 2021 | Although meeting attendees spoke in favor of retaining the name, the board voted unanimously to drop the Indians mascot, citing the actions of the Washington NFL and Cleveland MLB teams as indicative of the social opposition to the usage. [501] |
Sequoia High School | Redwood City | California | Cherokee | Raven | 2019 | [502] |
Seneca High School MCA | Louisville | Kentucky | Redskins | RedHawks | 1997 | [207] |
Seneca Valley Senior High School | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | Raiders | N/A | 2021 | The entire school district will remain the "Raiders" but discontinue use of Native American imagery including mascot costumes. [503] |
Sewanhaka High School | Floral Park | New York | Indians | Ravens | 2024 | [504] |
Sexton High School | Lansing | Michigan | Big Reds | J. Dubbs [505] | 2022 | |
Shawnee Mission North High School | Overland Park | Kansas | Indians | Bison [506] | 2021 | The Shawnee Mission USD 512 voted unanimously in favor of a policy that school mascots be culturally and racially sensitive and appropriate. In addition to Shawnee Mission North, three elementary schools will change their mascots. [507] |
Shelter Island High School | Shelter Island | New York | Indians | Islanders [508] | 2020 | |
Shorewood High School | Shoreline | Washington | Thunderbirds | Stormrays | 2021 | A new mascot will be selected to comply with Washington State law. [509] |
Skowhegan Area High School | Skowhegan | Maine | Indians | RiverHawks [510] | 2019 | After receiving opposition to the "Indians" name from the Penobscot Nation [511] and the ACLU of Maine, [512] the school board voted in March 2019 to eliminate the mascot. [513] |
Sleepy Eye High School | Sleepy Eye | Minnesota | Indians | TBD | 2023 | New name to be selected by 2025 [514] |
South Bend High School | South Bend | Washington | Indians | TBD | 2021 | Change will be made due to Washington state law passed in 2021. [515] |
Southern Cayuga High School | Poplar Ridge | New York | Chiefs | TBD | 2023 | Cougars was selected by the school district in 2023, [516] but in 2024 the board of education refused to approve the name due to negative connotations. [517] |
Syosset High School | Syosset | New York | Braves | TBD | 2023 | While voting to comply with the New York state order, the school district will be seeking ways for the state to pay for the estimated $70,000 it will cost to do so. [518] |
Taconic High School | Pittsfield | Massachusetts | Braves | Thunder [519] | 2020 | Logo adjusted as of 2019, name dropped by 5-1 vote of the school committee in August, 2020. [520] |
Talawanda High School | Oxford | Ohio | Braves | Brave | 2018 | In June, 2018 the Native American Rights Fund sent a six-page letter detailing its opposition to the name and logo, including the testimony of a former student who stated that she was bullied after identifying herself as Native American. [521] The Talawanda School District has formed a committee to study the issue. [522] In November, 2018 the Board of Education voted 3–2 to change the name from Braves to Brave and phase out Native American references. [523] |
Tamalpais High School | Mill Valley | California | Indians | Red Tailed Hawks | 1990 | [524] |
Teton High School | Driggs | Idaho | Redskins | Timberwolves [525] | 2019 | The school board for the Teton School District voted 4–1 to retire the nickname with the stipulation no taxpayer money goes toward the removal process; after two of Idaho's largest Native American tribes, the Shoshone-Bannock and the Nez Perce urged the change, citing the word's offensive definition by major dictionaries and its use as a racial slur. [526] |
The Dalles-Wahtonka High School | The Dalles | Oregon | Indian Eagles | Riverhawks | 2014 | Prior to a district merger in the early 2000s The Dalles High School were the "Indians", and Wahtonka the "Eagles", with TDHS using a logo essentially identical to Chief Wahoo. [527] |
Thomson Collegiate Institute | Scarborough | Ontario | Redmen | Titans | 2005 | |
Thunderbird High School | Phoenix | Arizona | Chiefs | Titans | 2020 | The school board's unianymous vote was in response to a student petition for change. In prior years there was discussion based upon the logo being a Native American in full headdress, which is not worn by any tribe in Arizona. [528] |
Toledo High School | Toledo | Washington | Indians | Riverhawks | 2021 | After initially seeking to retain their mascot following the passage of a state law, the school decided to rebrand. [529] |
Tonawanda High School | Tonawanda | New York | Warriors | Timberwolves [530] | 2023 | [325] |
Touchet High School | Touchet | Washington | Indians | Redhawks | 2022 | Change per state law. [531] |
Tulare Union High School | Tulare | California | Tribe | Red Hawks | 2022 | One of the schools in California the changed its Redskins mascot in compliance with a state law in 2016, Tulare became the Tribe in order to retain Native American imagery. [532] In 2022 they became the Red Hawks with is new logo and mascot. |
Turners Falls High School | Montague | Massachusetts | Indians | Thunder | 2017 | Both the school and Turners Falls, Massachusetts are named in honor of Capt. William Turner, who led troops into a battle during King Philip's War where 300 Native Americans were killed. [533] Citing the viewpoints of Native Americans and historians, the Gill-Montague Regional School Committee voted to change the "Indians" mascot in February 2017, [534] which prompted a walkout protest by about 120 students. [535] |
Union High School | Tulsa | Oklahoma | Redskins | Redhawks | 2020 | Voted unanimously by the Union School Board [536] |
Unionville High School | Kennett Square | Pennsylvania | Indians | Longhorns [537] | 2020 | After years of community contention, on August 24, 2020 the Unionville-Chadds Ford School Board voted unanimously to retire the mascot, a replacement to be selected by a committee with input from the Lenape Tribe. [538] |
Vallejo High School | Vallejo | California | Apaches | RedHawks | 2014 | [539] [540] |
Wakefield Memorial High School | Wakefield | Massachusetts | Warriors | N/A | 2021 | The name will remain, but the logo will be changed by a 5-2 vote of the school board. [541] Subsequently, a non-binding referendum was placed on the ballot in the next election, the change having become a polarizing issue between older and more recent residents of the town. [542] The result of the referendum was 55% in favor of keeping the logo, however the decision remains with the school board. [543] |
Warrenton High School | Warrenton | Oregon | Braves | Warriors | 2015 | Native American images removed. In addition, the grade school in the same school distinct will change from "Braves" to Warriors. [544] [545] |
Washington Middle School | Missoula | Montana | Warriors | Wildcats | Native American images removed circa 1992, replaced with Viking images but maintaining the Warriors nickname. Nickname later changed to Wildcats. | |
Waterloo High School | Waterloo | New York | Indians | Tigers | 2022 | The school board previously voted to drop the Indians over some local opposition. Four animal names were offered as a replacement, Tigers being selected in June. [546] |
Watertown High School | Watertown | Connecticut | Indians | Warriors | 2021 | In January 2021 the board of education voted 4-3 to remove the name in response to a letter from over 400 alumni and community members, becoming the seventh Connecticut school to change its nickname since 2019. [547] Warriors was selected as the new mascot, with a new logo design to be selected by a contest in Spring 2022. [548] |
Watertown High School | Watertown | Massachusetts | Red Raiders | Raiders | 2008 | [549] |
Waterville Jr/Sr High School | Waterville | New York | Indians | Eagles | 2023 | [550] |
Watkins Glen Central School | Watkins Glen | New York | Senecas | Lake Hawks | 2023 | [551] |
Wauwatosa East High School | Wauwatosa | Wisconsin | Red Raiders | N/A | 2010 | Nickname retained, but mascot changed to a pirate. [552] |
Webutuck High School | Amenia | New York | Warriors | Wildcats | 2023 | [553] |
Weedsport Junior/Senior High School | Weedsport | New York | Warriors | Wolverines | 2023 | [554] |
Weldon Valley Junior/Senior High School | Weldona | Colorado | Warriors | N/A | 2021 | New logo selected eliminates Native imagery. [555] |
Wells High School | Wells | Maine | Warriors | N/A | 2018 | The school will remain the Warriors, but remove all Native American imagery. [556] |
Wells High School | Wells | New York | Indians | TBD | 2023 | The school board voted to comply with the New York State Education Department requirement to remove Native mascots. [557] |
West Seneca West Senior High School | West Seneca | New York | Indians | Warhawks [558] | 2023 | [325] |
Weyauwega-Fremont High School | Weyauwega | Wisconsin | Indians | Warhawks | 2020 | [559] |
Wichita North High School | Wichita | Kansas | Redskins | Redhawks [560] | 2021 | The name will be phased out over the next two school years, and a Native American studies program will be initiated. [561] |
Willsboro Central High School | Willsboro | New York | Warriors | Wolves | 2024 | [562] |
Wilton High School | Wilton | Connecticut | Warriors | N/A | 2021 | The removal of a lance with feathers from "W" logo is indicative of moving away from Native American imagery while retaining the Warriors name. [563] |
Winchester High School | Winchester | Massachusetts | Sachems | Red & Black [564] | 2020 | After a contentious meeting, a school committee voted to retire the name. [565] |
Winnacunnet High School | Hampton | New Hampshire | Warriors | N/A | 2020 | The name will remain, but Native American imagery will change. [566] |
Wiscasset High School | Wiscasset | Maine | Redskins | Wolverines | 2011 | Change was approved in 2011, but the Redskins name was retained until the end of the school year. [567] The new name was then selected by a public poll. [568] In August, 2014 selectmen of the town of Wiscasset voted to name a private road "Redskins Drive" as an indication of their continued attachment to the name of the school. [569] However, following weeks of criticism by members of Maine's Indian tribes and others, a second vote changed the name again, to Micmac Drive. [570] |
Woonsocket High School | Woonsocket | South Dakota | Redmen | Blackhawks | 2016 | [571] |
Wyoming Central School | Wyoming | New York | Indians | Mighty Eagles | 2023 | [572] |
Ypsilanti High School | Ypsilanti | Michigan | Braves | Grizzlies | 2006 | |
Yuma High School | Yuma | Colorado | Indians | TBD | 2022 | To comply with state law, mascot will be dropped without replacement. [573] |
Residents in a divided predominantly white town in upstate New York are fighting a state ruling to remove the Native American mascot.
Superintendent cites cost of change during pandemic as part of reason
Board has no intentions on changing Warrior nickname
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Part of a series on |
Discrimination |
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Among the categories of names for sports teams in the United States and Canada, those referring to Indigenous peoples are lesser in popularity only to the names of various animals. In a list of the top 100 team names, "Indians" is 14th, "Braves" is 38th, "Chiefs" is 57th. [1] The typical logo is an image of a stereotypical Native American man in profile, wearing a Plains Indians headdress; and are often cartoons or caricatures. Other imagery include dreamcatchers, feathers, spears, and arrows. Individual schools may have performance traditions, such as the tomahawk chop, a mascot or cheerleaders in stereotypical Native attire, and chants adapted from Hollywood movies. These fictional representations stand in the way of any authentic understanding of contemporary Indigenous peoples, and promote racism. [2]
The documents often cited to justifying the trend for change are an advisory opinion by the United States Commission on Civil Rights in 2001 [3] and a resolution by the American Psychological Association in 2005. [4] Both support the views of Native American organizations and individuals that such mascots maintain harmful stereotypes that are discriminatory and cause harm by distorting the past and preventing understanding of Native American/First Nations peoples in the present.
The trend towards the elimination of Indigenous names and mascots in local schools has been steady, with two-thirds having been eliminated during the 50 years prior to 2013 according to the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI). [5] In more recent years, the trend has accelerated, particularly in July 2020, following a wave of racial awareness and reforms in wake of national protests after the murder of George Floyd, and the decision by the Washington Commanders to change their Redskins name and logo. [6] [7] [8]
In a few states with significant Native American populations; such as Colorado, [9] Maine, [10] Nevada, [11] Oregon, [12] Washington, [13] and Wisconsin, [14] change has been mandated by law. A law was passed in Connecticut which withholds tribal funding provided by casino revenue from any school that retains a Native mascots after July 1, 2022. Most have complied, but four school districts have decided to keep their mascots; Derby Red Raiders, Killingly Redmen, Windsor Warriors and Nonnewaug High School Chiefs. [15]
The school board in Cambridge, New York voted in June 2021 to eliminate the name and logo of the Cambridge High School "Indians". After the seating of two new members, the board voted to reverse this decision in July 2021. A group of parents favoring removal filed an appeal to the New York State Department of Education which issued an order requiring removal of the mascot or lose state funding. This order applies only to Cambridge, although there are 70 schools in the state that have Native mascots. [16] In a final order, the state Education Commissioner ordered the school to entirely eliminate the mascot by July 1, 2022, citing the evidence that Native mascots "inhibits the creation of 'a safe and supportive environment' for all students". [17] [18] [19] The school board voted 3-2 to file an appeal with the state Supreme Court, arguing that the state Education Commissioner's order singles out Cambridge while allowing other schools to maintain their mascots. It is the state's position that the order to remove the Cambridge mascot alone is in support of the prior board's decision. [20] In December, 2023 the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division unanimously dismissed the appeal as "moot." [21]
The list below for secondary schools in the United States and Canada remains substantial, with 358 teams currently calling themselves "Indians", 158 "Warriors" using Indigenous imagery (there are many with the name using generic, Greek or Roman mascots), 113 "Braves", 66 "Chiefs", and 35 "Redskins". The latter has shown the greatest decline, due to an association with the Washington Redskins name controversy. Since the NFL team began the process of changing its name to the Washington Commanders, twelve high schools previously using the name also changed. Snell Middle School in Bayard, New Mexico also dropped the name. [22]
The following schools are listed in alphabetical order by team name:
The following use Native American arrows, feathers, or arrowheads in their logos:
Most of the schools with the name use a bird logo, therefore are not directly derived from an Indigenous people although there may be an indirect reference to Chief Black Hawk. The following use Native American images/symbols:
The term " renegade" was historically used to describe Native Americans who refused to live on reservations and continued to follow traditional lifestyles. [212] [213]
Squaw is a sexualized racial slur against Native women. [218]
Although the thunderbird is a creature in Native American mythology, these school's logos/mascots may come from indirect associations with the United States Air Force Thunderbirds or the Ford Thunderbird.
A number of schools with the name "Warriors" never used Indigenous imagery, or changed in response to the controversy.
There have been 20 changes due to school closures or consolidations.
School | City | State / Province | Old Name | Year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albany High School | Albany | Georgia | Indians/Squaws | 2017 | |
Alto Pass High School | Alto Pass | Illinois | Apaches | 1969 | Consolidated into Cobden High School, nicknamed Appleknockers. [253] |
Austine School for the Deaf | Brattleboro | Vermont | Arrows | 2014 | [254] |
Berea High School | Berea | Ohio | Braves | 2013 | School closed in 2013. Merged with fellow Berea City School District high school Midpark High School to reopen as Berea-Midpark High School with the Titans as their mascot. [255] |
Cambridge Matignon School | Cambridge | Massachusetts | Warriors | 2023 | [256] |
Carrollton High School | Carrollton | Alabama | Indians | 2006 | [257] |
Coushatta High School | Coushatta | Louisiana | Choctaws | 2002 | [258] |
Cumberland High School | Cumberland | Kentucky | Redskins | 2008 | Consolidated with two other schools into Harlan County High School. |
Elmer L. Meyers Junior/Senior High School | Wilkes-Barre | Pennsylvania | Mohawks | 2021 | Three high schools consolidated into Wilkes-Barre Area High School. |
Gridley High School | Gridley | Illinois | Redskins | 2004 | Merged with another school to become the El Paso–Gridley Titans. [259] |
Kelly High School | Wise | Virginia | Indian | 2011 | Merged with another school. |
Ledgemont High School | Thompson Township | Ohio | Redskins | 2015 | [260] |
Logan High School | Logan | South Dakota | Arrows | [261] | |
Manual High School | Indianapolis | Indiana | Redskins | 2021 | As part of a merger into Christel House Academy, the mascot will become the Eagles. [262] |
Pocahontas High School | Pocahontas | Virginia | Indians | 2008 | [263] |
Pontiac Central High School | Pontiac | Michigan | Chiefs | 2009 | Two high schools consolidated into Pontiac High School. |
St. Alphonsis High School | Dearborn | Michigan | Arrows | 2002 | [264] |
St. Wendelin High School | Fostoria | Ohio | Mohawks | 2017 | [265] |
Storden Jeffers High School | Storden | Minnesota | Chiefs | High schools consolidated. [266] | |
Tulare High School | Tulare | South Dakota | Chieftains | Hitchcock-Tulare Schools consolidated. [267] |
There have been 267 changes due to decisions to eliminate discrimination.
School | City | State / Province | Old Name | New Name | Year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afton High School | Afton | New York | Indians | Crimson Knights | 2001 | |
Algonquin Regional High School | Northborough | Massachusetts | Tomahawks | Titans [268] | 2021 | Northboro-Southboro Regional School Committee retires the mascot after a unanimous vote. [269] One of the leading suggestion for a new mascot in a community survey, "Thunderhawks" has met with resistance from three Native tribes as not moving away from Native American associations. [270] |
Amesbury High School | Amesbury | Massachusetts | Indians | Red Hawks | 2021 | After discussions that began in 2016, [271] [272] [273] a committee appointed to study the issue in 2021 voted to retire the mascot. [274] |
Anderson High School | Cincinnati | Ohio | Redskins | Raptors | 2020 | After decades of discussion, the Forrest Hills School Board voted to change the name in the wake of increased recognition of systemic racism. [275] The new mascot, Raptors was announced in March, 2021. [276] |
Armijo High School | Fairfield | California | Indians | The Royals | 2019 | In 2018 the school district instructed the superintendent to appoint a committee to study the possible change of the mascot. [277] In 2019 the committee voted 11–4 in favor of changing the "Indians" name. [278] |
Arvada High School | Arvada | Colorado | Redskins | Reds | 1993 | Bulldog mascot [207] |
Atchison High School | Atchison | Kansas | Redmen | Phoenix [279] | 2021 | Changing the mascot was discussed at a public forum in October, 2018 with no consensus to change. [280] In 2021 public opinion had progressed, and the Atchison Unified School District 409 Board of Education voted unanimously to drop both the "Redmen" and the "Braves", the mascot of the middle school. [281] |
Athol High School | Athol | Massachusetts | Red Raiders | Bears | 2020 | The Athol Royalston Regional School Committee voted unanimously to discontinue the Red Raider as the mascot for Athol High School sports teams. [282] |
Auburndale Middle & High School | Auburndale | Wisconsin | Apaches | Eagles [283] | 2019 | [284] |
Averill Park High School | Averill Park | New York | Warriors | Golden Knights | 2024 | [285] |
Avon High School | Avon | New York | Braves | River Hawks | 2024 | [286] |
Balfour Collegiate | Regina | Saskatchewan | Redmen | Bears | 2014 | [287] |
Barnstable High School | Hyannis | Massachusetts | Red Raiders | Red Hawks | 2020 | After years of opposition, including by the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, the principal decided it was time for change. Although the decision needs to be confirmed by a school committee in August, it is not in doubt given the awareness of institutional racism. [288] |
Bedford Road Collegiate | Saskatoon | Saskatchewan | Redmen | Redhawks | 2014 | [289] |
Belding High School | Belding | Michigan | Redskins | Black Knights [290] | 2016 | The Belding Area Schools Board of Education unanimously voted December 19, 2016 to drop the Redskins and begin the process of selecting a new name. [291] |
Bellingham High School | Bellingham | Washington | Red Raiders | Bayhawks [292] | 2021 | A new name will be selected from four alternatives after a period of public online comment. [293] |
Belmont High School | Belmont | New Hampshire | Red Raiders | N/A | 2022 | Students proposed a change of imagery in 2014. [294] In June 2022 the school board voted to remove the Native American logo, retaining the Raiders name, with a new theme to be selected by students. [295] |
Bethel High School | Spanaway | Washington | Braves | Bison | 2021 | In accordance with Washington law [296] |
Bodley High School | Fulton | New York | Red Raiders | Red Dragons | 2023 | [297] |
Boise High School | Boise | Idaho | Braves | Brave | 2019 | While the name will be used immediately, it may take years to remove all of the former mascot imagery. [298] |
Bountiful High School | Bountiful | Utah | Braves | Redhawks [299] | 2020 | Calls for change of the mascot for the predominantly white school mounted after the murder of George Floyd. [300] |
Brebeuf College School | Toronto | Ontario | Redmen | Bulls | 2004 | |
Brentwood High School | Brentwood | New York | Indians | Spartans | 2024 | [301] |
Caledonia-Mumford High School | Caledonia | New York | Red Raiders | Raiders | 2023 | Logo also changed to wolf. [302] |
Camanche High School | Camanche | Iowa | Indians | Storm | 2021 | Responding to letters from the Meskawki and Oneida Nations, the school board voted 5-1 in favor of changing the mascot. [303] [304] |
Camden-Frontier High School | Camden | Michigan | Redskins | TBD | 2023 | The mascot will be retired immediately, with removal to be completed by June 2024. [305] |
Campo High School | Campo, Colorado | Colorado | Warriors | Patriots | 2022 | The South Baca Patriots are a CO-OP between Campo, Vilas, and Pritchett school districts. [306] |
Canajoharie High School | Canajoharie | New York | Redskins | Cougars | 2000 | [207] |
Canandaigua Academy | Canandaigua | New York | Braves | Gray Wolves | 2023 | [307] |
Canister-Greenwood High School | Canisteo | New York | Redskins | Chargers [308] | 2023 | A committee that included students, staff and alumni recommended changing the mascot after two months of study that included a survey in which 80% supported the change. Final action will not occur until 2023. [309] |
Canton High School | Canton | Connecticut | Warriors | N/A | 2021 | After a year of evaluation and gathering feedback from the public, a committee unanimously voted to recommend the removal of Native American imagery from logos and athletic equipment while retaining the Warriors name. [310] |
Canton High School | Canton | Michigan | Chiefs | Cobras [311] | 2023 | Change passed by school board due to student initiative over alumni opposition. [312] |
Capitol Hill High School | Oklahoma City | Oklahoma | Redskins | Red Wolves | 2015 | Redskins retired December 2014 by a vote of the school board, [313] students selected as their new mascot in 2015. [314] |
Cedar High School | Cedar City | Utah | Redmen | Reds [315] | 2019 | "Redmen" mascot retired by a 3–2 vote of the school board. [316] Five years after the decision, the school board voted down a proposal to revert to the old mascot. [317] |
Centennial High School | Blaine | Minnesota | Chiefs | Cougars | 1995 | Students at the high school, led by the high school principal and the student council, solicited suggested mascot names from the student body and from the community. A variety of names were recommended and put on a ballot. The students at the high school voted to change the name to "Cougars". The Centennial School Board approved the new name. [318] |
Central High School | Grand Junction | Colorado | Warriors | N/A | 2021 | In response to state law, the Native logo was dropped. [319] The name will be retained, but represented by a shield. [320] |
Chamberlain High School | Tampa | Florida | Chiefs | Storm [321] | 2022 | [322] |
Chautauqua Lake Central School | Mayville | New York | Thunderbirds | Eagles | 2023 | [323] |
Cheektowaga Central High School | Cheektowaga | New York | Warriors | Chargers [324] | 2023 | [325] |
Cheyenne Mountain High School | Colorado Springs | Colorado | Indians | Red-Tailed Hawk | 2021 | In response to a statewide program, the school took action in 2016 to eliminate stereotyping, including doing the tomahawk chop, or wearing warpaint and headdresses at games. [326] In February 2021, the district board voted 4-1 to retire the mascot in response to Indigenous people advocating change, while students and alumni sought to retain it. [327] In July the Red-Tailed Hawk was selected as the new mascot although the logo is "Cheyenne Mountain Hawks" with two feathers. [328] |
Chowchilla High School | Chowchilla | California | Redskins | Tribe | 2016 | School plans to retain Native American imagery. [223] |
Cincinnati Country Day School | Cincinnati | Ohio | Indians | Nighthawks | 2020 | The school board voted to change the mascot in August 2020, with overwhelming support of the community. Nighthawks was selected in January 2021. [329] |
Clinton Community Schools | Clinton | Michigan | Redskins | Redwolves [330] | 2020 | In 2010 the school said it would keep the name as long as it was being used by the Washington NFL team. [331] |
Colonie Central High School | Colonie | New York | Raiders | Wolfpack | 2023 | [332] |
Clover Park High School | Lakewood | Washington | Warriors | Timberwolves | 2022 | [333] |
Columbia River High School | Vancouver | Washington | Chieftain | The Rapids [334] | 2020 | Although the Washington State Board of Education issued a resolution advising schools to review their use of Native American mascots, Columbia River students voted in May, 2019 to retain their mascot. [335] In September 2020 the board responded to local tribal leaders and a petition by voting unanimously to retire the mascot at the high school, and also Minnehaha Elementary School. [336] |
Colusa High School | Colusa | California | Redskins | RedHawks | 2012 | [207] |
Colville High School | Colville | Washington | Indians | Crimson Hawks | 2021 | |
Conard High School | West Hartford | Connecticut | Chieftain | Red Wolves | 2022 | After a meeting with local voices for and against, the Board of Education voted 5-2 change mascot. [337] |
Conrad Schools of Science | Wilmington | Delaware | Redskins | Red Wolves | 2017 | The name was dropped in June 2016 [338] The "Red Wolves" was selected by a student vote in February, 2017. [339] |
Cooperstown Junior-Senior High School | Cooperstown | New York | Redskins | Hawkeyes | 2013 | Students voted to change the mascot over the objections of alumni and parents. [340] In appreciation the Oneida Tribe of New York donated $10,000 to assist with the cost of the change. [341] |
Copper Cliff | Sudbury | Ontario | Braves | Crushers | 2013 | [342] |
Corinth Central High School | Corinth | New York | Tomahawks | River Hawks | 2023 | To comply with state mandate, the school board voted for the name change after surveying students and residents. [343] |
Coxsackie-Athens High School | Coxsackie | New York | Indians | Riverhawks [344] | 2021 | In addition to the new mascot, the school district will develop a K-12 cirriculum to educate on the Indigenous peoples of our region. [345] |
Cross Keys High School | Atlanta | Georgia | Indians | Phoenix | 2024 | [346] |
Cuyahoga Heights High School | Cuyahoga Heights | Ohio | Redskins | Red Wolves | 2021 | Until a news mascot is selected, the school will be known as "Heights". Imagery associated with the old name on uniforms and surfaces will be removed by normal replacement. [347] |
Danville High School | Danville | Vermont | Indians | Bears | 2020 | The school board voted to eliminate the Indians mascot in March 2020. Students selected the Bears in December 2021. [348] |
David and Mary Thomson Collegiate Institute | Scarborough | Ontario | Redmen | Titans | 2005 | |
Edmondson-Westside High School | Baltimore | Maryland | Redskins | Red Storm | 2002 | |
Edgewood Junior/Senior High School | Brevard County | Florida | Indians | Red Wolves | 2021 | An advisory committee voted unanimously to begin the process of changing the mascot. [349] |
Enterprise High School | Enterprise | Oregon | Savages | Outlaws | 1997 | [350] |
Esko High School | Esko | Minnesota | Eskomos | TBD | 2023 | [351] |
Fairview High School | Fairview Park | Ohio | Warriors | N/A | 2019 | Native imagery replaced by gladiator, name kept. [352] |
Farmington High School | Farmington | Connecticut | Indians | River Hawks | 2020 | After debating the name since the 1990s, Farmington's school board appointed a committee in early 2020 that concluded the name should go. [353] |
Flint Central High School | Flint | Michigan | Indians | Phoenix | 2005 | |
Fonda-Fultonville High School | Fonda, New York | New York | Braves | TBD | 2023 | State mascot advisory panel rejected plan to keep the name sponsored by an individual that did not represent a Federally recognized tribe. [354] |
Foxborough High School | Foxborough | Massachusetts | Warriors | N/A | 2023 | School is changing logo but keeping the name. [355] |
Frederick High School | Frederick | Colorado | Warriors | Golden Eagles [356] | 2021 | The school will change its mascot in response to new state law. [357] |
Fresno High School | Fresno | California | Warriors | N/A | 2020 | Name will remain, but Native American images will be removed. [358] |
Frontier Regional School | Deerfield | Massachusetts | Redskins | Red Hawks | 2000 | [207] |
Gardena High School | Los Angeles | California | Mohican | Panther | 1997 | Located in the Harbor Gateway neighborhood of LA. [359] |
Gar-Field Senior High School | Woodbridge | Virginia | Indian | Red Wolves | 2021 | A committee will select a new mascot from those submitted by alumni, students, a community members. [360] |
General William J. Palmer High School | Colorado Springs | Colorado | Terrors | N/A | 1985 | Did not change the name but the original mascot was a caricature of a Native American called "Eagle Beak", replaced with an Eagle. [361] |
Glastonbury High School | Glastonbury | Connecticut | Tomahawks | Guardians | 2020 | The board of education voted 7-1 to retire the mascot, citing racial insensitivity. [362] |
Glens Falls High School | Glens Falls | New York | Indians | TBD | 2023 | Final choice of a new mascot will be made by a student committee. [363] |
Glenwood High School | Chatham | Illinois | Redskins | Titans | 2001 | [207] |
Goffstown High School | Goffstown | New Hampshire | Redskins | Grizzlies | 1994 | [207] |
Goshen High School | Goshen | Indiana | Redskins | Redhawks | 2016 | |
Grafton High School | Grafton | Wisconsin | Blackhawks | Black Hawks | 1998 | |
Grand Forks Central High School | Grand Forks | North Dakota | Redskins | Knights | 1992 | [207] |
Grand Rapids High School | Grand Rapids | Minnesota | Indians | Thunderhawks | 1995 | |
Green Mountain Union High School | Chester | Vermont | Chieftains | TBD | 2023 | [364] |
Guilford High School | Guilford | Connecticut | Indians | Grizzlies [365] | 2020 | The School Board voted unanimously in favor of the change. [366] |
Gustine High School | Gustine | California | Redskins | Reds | 2016 | Became the first to comply with the Californian state law, adopting the name used by the school from 1913 to 1936. [367] |
H.C. Wilcox Technical High School | Meriden | Connecticut | Indians | Wildcats | 2021 | [368] |
Hall High School | West Hartford | Connecticut | Warriors | Titans | 2022 | In 2012 the vote was to keep the name, but remove Native American imagery. [369] In 2022, the Board of Education voted to change the name also. [337] |
Hanover High School | Hanover | Massachusetts | Indians | Hawks [370] | 2020 | A mascot selection committee received 89 suggestions for a replacement. [371] |
Hart High School | Newhall, Santa Clarita | California | Indians | Hawks | 2021 | Beginning with an online petition in 2020, thousands of students favored changing the name, [372] but in 2021 a survey found that a majority of students favored keeping the mascot. [373] In July 2021 the school governing board voted to begin a process to remove the name and imagery by 2025. [374] The Hawks was selected as the new mascot in March 2024. [375] |
Hartford High School | Hartford | Michigan | Indians | Huskies | 2021 | In 2021 Hartford Public Schools announced retirement the Indian mascot for the end of the 2021-2022 school year. [376] The Huskies was selected as the new name in April, 2022. [377] |
Henderson High School | West Chester | Pennsylvania | Warriors | N/A | 2020 | The school will keep the name but remove Native American imagery. [378] |
Hiawatha High School | Hiawatha | Kansas | Redskins | Red Hawks | 2001 | [207] |
Hinkley High School | Aurora | Colorado | Thunderbirds | Thunder [379] | 2022 | In compliance with state law, the Thunderbirds mascot has been removed from three local schools. [380] |
Hot Springs High School | Hot Springs | Montana | Savages | Savage Heat | 2007 | |
Huntley High School | Huntley | Illinois | Redskins | Red Raiders | 2002 | Native American Bar Association threatened litigation. [381] |
Idaho School for the Deaf and the Blind | Gooding | Idaho | Redskins | Raptors | 1990 | [207] |
Immaculate Conception High School | Lodi | New Jersey | Apaches | Blue Wolves | 2004 | |
Indian River Central High School | Philadelphia | New York | Warriors | TBD | 2023 | [382] |
Iowa Falls-Alden High School | Iowa Falls | Iowa | Redskins | Cadets | 1999 | [207] |
Iroquois High School | Buffalo | New York | Chiefs | Red Hawks [383] | 2023 | [325] |
Iroquois High School | Elma | New York | Chiefs | TBD | 2023 | [384] |
James S. Rickards High School | Tallahassee | Florida | Redskins | Raiders | 2000 | [207] |
Jamestown High School | Jamestown | New York | Red Raiders | Red & Green [385] | 2022 | A "big cat" logo was used with the raiders name from the 1930s to the 1970s, when a Native American logo was first used. This was replaced with a "J" with feathers in 2014. The 2022 decision removed the feathers, and the current proposal is to restore a modernized version of the big cat. [386] |
Jefferson High School | Daly City | California | Indians | Grizzlies | 2015 | |
John Jay High School | Cross River | New York | Indians | Wolves [387] | 2019 | The Katonah-Lewisboro Board of Education reached a consensus to replace the mascot, noting that some in the community may find it offensive. [388] |
John Swett High School | Crockett | California | Indians | Warriors | 2015 | While dropping the Indian name, [389] adoption of the Warriors is seen by many as a way of retaining Native American imagery. [390] |
Kalama Middle/High School | Kalama | Washington | Chinook | N/A | 2021 | The prior logo featuring "Charlie Chinook", a cartoon Native American character has been replaced by a salmon. [391] |
Keshequa High School | Nunda | New York | Indians | Wildcats | 2024 | [392] |
La Crosse Central High School | La Crosse | Wisconsin | Red Raiders | RiverHawks | 2020 | The logo was changed from a Native American image to a Knight in the 1990s. [393] |
La Veta High School | La Veta | Colorado | Redskins | Redhawks | 2020 | After a contentious discussion, the La Vita School Board vote 3-1 to retire the mascot and appoint a committee to select another. [394] |
Lamar High School | Lamar | Colorado | Savages | Thunder | 2022 | "Savage Thunder" was originally proposed as the new name, accompanied by a bison logo. [165] Savage was then dropped when the state commission reject the proposal. [395] |
Lamar High School | Houston | Texas | Redskins | Texans | 2014 | Houston ISD voted to change racially insensitive mascots. [396] [397] [398] |
Lancaster High School | Lancaster | New York | Redskins | Legends | 2015 | After contentious community meetings, the school board voted to retire the name. [399] The new name was selected by a vote by students. [400] |
Lane Technical College Prep High School | Chicago | Illinois | Indians | Champions [401] | 2020 | The mascot was retired in August after a month-long period of consideration which included input from the American Indian Center and a questionnaire which found overwhelming support for change among students, faculty, staff and alumni. [402] |
Lemont High School | Lemont | Illinois | Indians | TBD | 2021 | The school board voted unanimously to phase out the old mascot. [403] |
Letchworth High School | Gainesville | New York | Indians | Legends [404] | 2023 | [405] |
Loveland High School | Loveland | Colorado | Indians | Red Wolves [406] | 2020 | One of two mascots retired by the Thompson School District Board of Education as racist and offensive. Bill Reed Middle School that had previously been the "Redskins" changed to the "Warriors" in 1995; but now will select a new mascot. [407] |
Lyme Central High School | Chaumont | New York | Indians | Lakers [408] | 2022 | [409] |
McClymonds High School | Oakland | California | Warriors | N/A | 2021 | Students led an effort to adopt African warrior imagery for the school. [410] |
Mahopac High School | Mahopac | New York | Indians | Wolf Pac | 2023 | [411] |
Manchester High School | Manchester | Connecticut | Indians | Red Hawks | 2019 | The Manchester Board of Education voted to change the nickname and mascot. [412] |
Manhasset Secondary School | Manhasset, New York | New York | Indians | Manhasset | 2024 | Officially, there will be no mascot, Manhasset or "Set" being used to refer to the team. [413] |
Manistee Middle / High School | Manistee | Michigan | Chippewa | TBD | 2022 | [414] |
Marion High School | Marion | Iowa | Indians | Wolves | 2020 | MISD board of education voted 5-2 in favor of change. [415] The first replacement was to be the "Mavericks", [416] but upon finding the name derives from a Texas slave owner, Wolves was selected. [417] |
Marist High School | Chicago | Illinois | Redskins | Redhawks | 1997 | Change was discussed, then made with little comment except a few alumni. [418] |
Marquette Senior High School | Marquette | Michigan | Redmen | Sentinels | 2023 | [419] |
Marshall High School | Marshall | Michigan | Redskins | Redhawks | 2005 | [207] |
Mason City High School | Mason City | Iowa | Mohawks | River Hawks [420] | 2021 | [421] |
Massena Central High School | Massena | New York | Red Raiders | Raiders | 2001-2023 (See note) | While remaining the Red Raiders, the Indian head logo was phased out 2001–2004. The new Spartan logo was not approved until 2018, so unofficial use of the prior logo continued. [422] [423] In 2023, the name was changed to simply Raiders. [424] |
Meadowdale High School | Edmonds | Washington | Chiefs | Mavericks | 1999 | |
Mechanicville High School | Halfmoon | New York | Red Raiders | TBD | [332] | |
Melrose High School | Melrose | Massachusetts | Red Raiders | Red Hawks [425] | 2021 | |
Menomonee Falls High School | Menomonee Falls | Wisconsin | Indians | Phoenix | 2020 | [426] |
Milford High School | Highland | Michigan | Redskins | Mavericks | 2002 | [207] |
Millard South High School | Omaha | Nebraska | Indians | Patriots | 2000 | |
Minnehaha Academy | Minneapolis | Minnesota | Indians [427] | Redhawks | 1990 | A private Christian school |
Minisink Valley Central High School | Slate Hill | New York | Warriors | N/A | 2023 | Replacing Native American image with "MV" logo. [428] |
Mohawk High School | Marcola | Oregon | Mohawk Indian | Mustangs | 2017 | Name derived from Mohawk Valley. [429] |
Mohawk Trail Regional High School | Buckland | Massachusetts | Warriors | N/A | 2022 | Name retained, but Native American imagery removed. [430] |
Mohonasen High School | Rotterdam | New York | Warriors | TBD | 2023 | [431] |
Montevideo High School | Montevideo | Minnesota | Mohawks | Thunderhawks | 2015 | |
Montrose High School | Montrose | Colorado | Indians | Red Hawks [432] | 2021 | Change is being made in response to new state law. [433] |
Montville High School | Oakdale | Connecticut | Indians | TBD | 2022 | The Mohegan Tribe has offered to help pay for the expense of replacing logos and uniforms. [434] |
Moses Lake High School | Moses Lake | Washington | Chiefs | Mavericks | 2022 | To comply with state law, and a decision by the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, the change also includes two middle schools in the district. [435] |
Mountain Empire High School | Pine Valley | California | Redskins | Redhawks | 1997 | [207] |
Napa High School | Napa | California | Indians | Grizzly | 2018 | A school district committee recommended changing the mascot in 2017, which aroused some opposition. [436] However, a new mascot was selected in August, 2018 by students and staff. [437] |
Naperville Central High School | Naperville | Illinois | Redskins | Red Hawks | 1992 | Alumni retained an attachment to the old name, but most think the change was a good one. [438] |
Nashoba Regional High School | Bolton | Massachusetts | Chieftains | Wolves | 2021 | [439] |
Natick High School | Natick | Massachusetts | Redmen | Red Hawks | 2012 | Change voted 2007, new name selected 2012. [440] [441] |
Nauset Regional High School | Eastham | Massachusetts | Warriors | N/A | 2008 | Name retained, but all references to Native Americans removed. [442] |
Newington High School | Newington | Connecticut | Indians | Nor’Easters | 2021 | School board vote followed trend of other Connecticut high schools. [443] |
Nezperce High School | Nezperce | Idaho | Indians | Nighthawks | 2020 | In January 2014 the Nez Perce Tribal Executive Committee sent a letter to the school district asking that the mascot be changed. The school began de-emphasizing Native imagery, and used a block "N" as its logo. The school board voted to retire the mascot in July 2020 with a committee to select a new name in September. [444] Nighthawks was selected in December, 2020. [445] |
Niles West High School | Skokie | Illinois | Indians | Wolves | 2002 | The name Indians was dropped and the new name Wolves was voted in by student vote and internet polling. [446] |
Niskayuna High School | Niskayuna | New York | Mohawks | Silver Warriors | 2023 | [447] |
North Central High School | Spokane | Washington | Indians | Wolfpack | 2021 | In addition to the high school, the Spokane Public Schools board unanumously approved retiring the mascots at Sheridan Elementary and Garry Middle School. [448] |
North Douglas High School | Drain | Oregon | Warriors | N/A | 2016 | Name will be retained, but the mascot "Willie the Warrior" will be retired at the end of the 2016 school year and other Native American imagery will be removed. [449] |
North Haven High School | North Haven | Connecticut | Indians | Nighthawks [450] | 2021 | Although there had been movement toward changing the mascot in recent years, the final unanimous decision by the school board came in response to a decision to withhold any Connecticut school's share of revenue from Native American gaming if they retained the mascot. [451] |
North Quincy High School | Quincy | Massachusetts | Red Raiders | Raiders | 2020 | Changed the logo from Native American to revolutionary war era clothing |
North River High School | Cosmopolis | Washington | Redskins | Mustangs | 1995 | [207] |
North Side High School | Fort Wayne | Indiana | Redskins | Legends | 2015 | The school's yearbook had always been the Legend. [452] |
Northwest Catholic High School | West Hartford | Connecticut | Indians | Lions | 2015 | [453] |
Norwalk High School | Norwalk | Iowa | Warriors | N/A | 2020 | Name will be retained, but Native American imagery will be removed. |
Nyack High School | Upper Nyack | New York | Indians | RedHawks | 2020 | Name dropped by a unanimous vote of the school board citing movement away from Native mascots by professional teams. [454] |
Oak Park High School | Oak Park | Michigan | Redskins | Knights | 1990 | [207] |
Odessa-Montour High School | Odessa | New York | Indians | Grizzlies | 2022 | Change prompted by discussions between school leaders and members of the Seneca Nation of New York. [455] |
Okemos High School | Okemos | Michigan | Chieftains/Chiefs | Wolves | 2021 | A debate since the 1990s, the school had agreed in 2004 to phase out Chieftains in favor of Chiefs, a more direct reference to the town's namesake. The main issue currently is the cost, projecting 2023 for the completion of the change. [456] |
Oneida High School | Oneida | New York | Indians | Express | 2023 | [457] |
Onteora High School | Boiceville | New York | Indian | Eagle | 2016 | [458] |
Oriskany High School | Oriskany | New York | Redskins | Skyhawks | 2024 | [459] |
Osseo-Fairchild High School | Osseo | Wisconsin | Chieftains | Thunder | 2010 | |
Ossining High School | Ossining | New York | Indians | Lion | 2002 | In June 2002, the school changed its mascot to Riverhawk, but after opposition from the student body, the team became 'O' in 2007. [460] In 2024, the mascot became the Lion [461] |
Owatonna Senior High School | Owatonna | Minnesota | Indians | Huskies | 1994 | |
Owego Free Academy High School | Owego | New York | Indians | River Hawks | 2023 | [462] |
Park High School | Cottage Grove | Minnesota | Indians | Wolfpack | 1994 | An "Indian Head" mosaic created in 1965 in the main hallway of the school has become the subject of contention between Native Americans and their supporters who want it removed, and others in the community who consider it a work of art and part of the school's history. [463] |
Parsippany High School | Parsippany-Troy Hills | New Jersey | Redskins | Redhawks | 2001 | [207] |
Pascack Valley High School | Hillsdale | New Jersey | Indians | Panthers [464] | 2020 | The Pascack Valley Regional District High School Board of Education voted to change both the "Cowboys" of Pascack Hills HS and the "Indians" at Pascack Valley. [465] |
Paw Paw High School | Paw Paw | Michigan | Redskins | Red Wolves | 2020 | Having voted to retain the mascot in 2017, the school board decided to end the continuing controversy in March 2020 and retire the name at the end of the school year. [466] In July 2020 the school board voted to accept Red Wolves as the new name. [467] |
Penfield High School | Penfield | New York | Chiefs | Patriots | 2001 | |
Pentucket Regional High School | West Newbury | Massachusetts | Sachem | Panthers | 2022 | Criticism of the mascot began in 2016,
[271] but the school board voted to retain the mascot
[468]
With the attention to racial justice as an issue in June 2020, the name again drew scrutiny, noting the lack of Native American education at the school, and the name referring to an honorific that is inappropriate for a sports team. [469] The change decision was made in June, 2022. [470] |
Peru High School | Peru | New York | Indians | Nighthawks | 2021 | [471] |
Petoskey High School | Petoskey | Michigan | Northmen | N/A | 2020 | The school board voted unanimously to retire the Native American logo used by the Northmen. The nearby Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians passed a resolution in 2005 condemning the use of Native American mascots. [472] |
Pocatello High School | Pocatello | Idaho | Indians | Thunder [473] | 2020 | In response to the change of mascots at other Idaho schools in 2019, Pocatello supporters indicated that they would oppose change, "Indians" not being the same as Reskins or Savages. [474] In 2020, the Pocatello-Chubbuck School Board voted to retire the mascot, but not effective until the end of the school year. [475] |
Port Huron High School | Port Huron | Michigan | Big Reds | Redhawks | 2023 | Two elementary schools also have new mascots. [476] |
Port Townsend High School | Port Townsend | Washington | Redskins | Redhawks [477] | 2014 | |
Potomac High School | Oxon Hill | Maryland | Braves | Wolverines | 2001 | |
Poynette High School | Poynette | Wisconsin | Indians | Pumas | 2009 | |
Radnor High School | Radnor Township | Pennsylvania | Raiders | Raptors | 2020 | The school board voted 8-1 to retire the name and Native American imagery as offensive, a replacement to be selected later. [478] |
Ramay Junior High School | Fayetteville | Arkansas | Indians | Red Wolves [479] | 2019 | In April, 2019 a decision has been made by referendum to replace the Ramay "Indians" with a new mascot in 2020. [480] |
Reading Memorial High School | Reading | Massachusetts | Redmen | Rockets | ||
Red Cloud Indian School | Pine Ridge Indian Reservation | South Dakota | Chiefs | Crusaders | ||
Red Jacket High School | Shortsville | New York | Indians | Cardinals | 2024 | [481] |
Red Lodge High School | Red Lodge | Montana | Redskins | Rams | 2011 | The trustees of the school favored a change, while the community was divided. [482] |
Reedsport Community Charter School | Reedsport | Oregon | Braves | Brave | 2016 | The school board decided to change name and remove Native American imagery. [449] |
Renton High School | Renton | Washington | Indians | Redhawks | 2021 | Change is in response to new state law. [483] |
RHAM High School | Hebron | Connecticut | Sachems | Raptors | 2020 | Discussion of change began in February, 2020 in response to opposition to the mascot, including the Mohican Tribe stating that they no longer support the use of Native American mascots in Connecticut. [484] |
Richfield Springs Central School | Richfield Springs | New York | Indians | Eagles [485] | 2023 | The school announced on January 18, 2023, that the name would officially be retired at the conclusion of the school year and a new name would be selected. |
Romulus Central High School | Romulus | New York | Warriors | Royals | 2023 | [486] |
Roy C. Ketcham High School | Wappingers Falls | New York | Indians | Storm | 2023 | [487] |
Runnymede Collegiate Institute | Toronto | Ontario | Redmen | Ravens | 1994 | |
Rutland High School | Rutland | Vermont | Raiders | TBD | 2022 | After years of local contorversy that included a name change and a reversal, a Vermont state law adopted in May 2022 requires all schools to adopt a nondiscimitatory policy regarding mascots. [488] |
St. Joseph High School | South Bend | Indiana | Indians | TBD | 2023 | A committee including student, faculty and parents recommended the change, which was passed unanymously by the school board. [489] |
Salesian High School | Richmond | California | Chieftains | "Pride" the Lion | 2006 | |
Sandusky High School | Sandusky | Michigan | Redskins | TBD | 2022 | In April 2022, the Sandusky Community Schools Board of Education voted to retire its mascot at the end of the current school year. [490] |
Sanford High School | Sanford | Colorado | Indians | Mustangs | 2022 | Change in response to state law. [491] |
Sanford High School | Sanford | Maine | Redskins | Spartans | 2012 | New mascot select by students. [492] |
Saranac Central High School | Dannemora | New York | Chiefs | Spartans | 2023 | [493] |
Saranac High School | Saranac | Michigan | Redskins | TBD | 2021 | [494] |
Saranac Lake High School | Saranac Lake | New York | Redskins | Red Storm | 2001 | [207] |
Saugatuck High School | Saugatuck | Michigan | Indians | Trailblazers [495] | 2020 | Stating that the mascot was reexamined in light of recent changes by other teams, the Board of Education voted unanymousy to retire the "Indians". [496] |
Sauk Rapids-Rice High School | Sauk Rapids | Minnesota | Indians | Storm | 1995 | [497] |
Scarborough High School | Scarborough | Maine | Redskins | Red Storm | 2001 | [207] |
Schoharie High School | Schoharie | New York | Indians | Storm | 2023 | [498] |
Scotch Plains-Fanwood High School | Union County | New Jersey | Raiders | N/A | 2004 | Although the Native American logo was replaced in 2004 by a generic figure with a sword and shield, fans continued to wear the old logo and appear at games in Native American headdresses. The more professionally designed logo for 2018 of a Knight in Armor is intended to reference a Scottish tradition. [499] |
Seneca High School | Seneca | Wisconsin | Indians | Royals [500] | 2021 | Although meeting attendees spoke in favor of retaining the name, the board voted unanimously to drop the Indians mascot, citing the actions of the Washington NFL and Cleveland MLB teams as indicative of the social opposition to the usage. [501] |
Sequoia High School | Redwood City | California | Cherokee | Raven | 2019 | [502] |
Seneca High School MCA | Louisville | Kentucky | Redskins | RedHawks | 1997 | [207] |
Seneca Valley Senior High School | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | Raiders | N/A | 2021 | The entire school district will remain the "Raiders" but discontinue use of Native American imagery including mascot costumes. [503] |
Sewanhaka High School | Floral Park | New York | Indians | Ravens | 2024 | [504] |
Sexton High School | Lansing | Michigan | Big Reds | J. Dubbs [505] | 2022 | |
Shawnee Mission North High School | Overland Park | Kansas | Indians | Bison [506] | 2021 | The Shawnee Mission USD 512 voted unanimously in favor of a policy that school mascots be culturally and racially sensitive and appropriate. In addition to Shawnee Mission North, three elementary schools will change their mascots. [507] |
Shelter Island High School | Shelter Island | New York | Indians | Islanders [508] | 2020 | |
Shorewood High School | Shoreline | Washington | Thunderbirds | Stormrays | 2021 | A new mascot will be selected to comply with Washington State law. [509] |
Skowhegan Area High School | Skowhegan | Maine | Indians | RiverHawks [510] | 2019 | After receiving opposition to the "Indians" name from the Penobscot Nation [511] and the ACLU of Maine, [512] the school board voted in March 2019 to eliminate the mascot. [513] |
Sleepy Eye High School | Sleepy Eye | Minnesota | Indians | TBD | 2023 | New name to be selected by 2025 [514] |
South Bend High School | South Bend | Washington | Indians | TBD | 2021 | Change will be made due to Washington state law passed in 2021. [515] |
Southern Cayuga High School | Poplar Ridge | New York | Chiefs | TBD | 2023 | Cougars was selected by the school district in 2023, [516] but in 2024 the board of education refused to approve the name due to negative connotations. [517] |
Syosset High School | Syosset | New York | Braves | TBD | 2023 | While voting to comply with the New York state order, the school district will be seeking ways for the state to pay for the estimated $70,000 it will cost to do so. [518] |
Taconic High School | Pittsfield | Massachusetts | Braves | Thunder [519] | 2020 | Logo adjusted as of 2019, name dropped by 5-1 vote of the school committee in August, 2020. [520] |
Talawanda High School | Oxford | Ohio | Braves | Brave | 2018 | In June, 2018 the Native American Rights Fund sent a six-page letter detailing its opposition to the name and logo, including the testimony of a former student who stated that she was bullied after identifying herself as Native American. [521] The Talawanda School District has formed a committee to study the issue. [522] In November, 2018 the Board of Education voted 3–2 to change the name from Braves to Brave and phase out Native American references. [523] |
Tamalpais High School | Mill Valley | California | Indians | Red Tailed Hawks | 1990 | [524] |
Teton High School | Driggs | Idaho | Redskins | Timberwolves [525] | 2019 | The school board for the Teton School District voted 4–1 to retire the nickname with the stipulation no taxpayer money goes toward the removal process; after two of Idaho's largest Native American tribes, the Shoshone-Bannock and the Nez Perce urged the change, citing the word's offensive definition by major dictionaries and its use as a racial slur. [526] |
The Dalles-Wahtonka High School | The Dalles | Oregon | Indian Eagles | Riverhawks | 2014 | Prior to a district merger in the early 2000s The Dalles High School were the "Indians", and Wahtonka the "Eagles", with TDHS using a logo essentially identical to Chief Wahoo. [527] |
Thomson Collegiate Institute | Scarborough | Ontario | Redmen | Titans | 2005 | |
Thunderbird High School | Phoenix | Arizona | Chiefs | Titans | 2020 | The school board's unianymous vote was in response to a student petition for change. In prior years there was discussion based upon the logo being a Native American in full headdress, which is not worn by any tribe in Arizona. [528] |
Toledo High School | Toledo | Washington | Indians | Riverhawks | 2021 | After initially seeking to retain their mascot following the passage of a state law, the school decided to rebrand. [529] |
Tonawanda High School | Tonawanda | New York | Warriors | Timberwolves [530] | 2023 | [325] |
Touchet High School | Touchet | Washington | Indians | Redhawks | 2022 | Change per state law. [531] |
Tulare Union High School | Tulare | California | Tribe | Red Hawks | 2022 | One of the schools in California the changed its Redskins mascot in compliance with a state law in 2016, Tulare became the Tribe in order to retain Native American imagery. [532] In 2022 they became the Red Hawks with is new logo and mascot. |
Turners Falls High School | Montague | Massachusetts | Indians | Thunder | 2017 | Both the school and Turners Falls, Massachusetts are named in honor of Capt. William Turner, who led troops into a battle during King Philip's War where 300 Native Americans were killed. [533] Citing the viewpoints of Native Americans and historians, the Gill-Montague Regional School Committee voted to change the "Indians" mascot in February 2017, [534] which prompted a walkout protest by about 120 students. [535] |
Union High School | Tulsa | Oklahoma | Redskins | Redhawks | 2020 | Voted unanimously by the Union School Board [536] |
Unionville High School | Kennett Square | Pennsylvania | Indians | Longhorns [537] | 2020 | After years of community contention, on August 24, 2020 the Unionville-Chadds Ford School Board voted unanimously to retire the mascot, a replacement to be selected by a committee with input from the Lenape Tribe. [538] |
Vallejo High School | Vallejo | California | Apaches | RedHawks | 2014 | [539] [540] |
Wakefield Memorial High School | Wakefield | Massachusetts | Warriors | N/A | 2021 | The name will remain, but the logo will be changed by a 5-2 vote of the school board. [541] Subsequently, a non-binding referendum was placed on the ballot in the next election, the change having become a polarizing issue between older and more recent residents of the town. [542] The result of the referendum was 55% in favor of keeping the logo, however the decision remains with the school board. [543] |
Warrenton High School | Warrenton | Oregon | Braves | Warriors | 2015 | Native American images removed. In addition, the grade school in the same school distinct will change from "Braves" to Warriors. [544] [545] |
Washington Middle School | Missoula | Montana | Warriors | Wildcats | Native American images removed circa 1992, replaced with Viking images but maintaining the Warriors nickname. Nickname later changed to Wildcats. | |
Waterloo High School | Waterloo | New York | Indians | Tigers | 2022 | The school board previously voted to drop the Indians over some local opposition. Four animal names were offered as a replacement, Tigers being selected in June. [546] |
Watertown High School | Watertown | Connecticut | Indians | Warriors | 2021 | In January 2021 the board of education voted 4-3 to remove the name in response to a letter from over 400 alumni and community members, becoming the seventh Connecticut school to change its nickname since 2019. [547] Warriors was selected as the new mascot, with a new logo design to be selected by a contest in Spring 2022. [548] |
Watertown High School | Watertown | Massachusetts | Red Raiders | Raiders | 2008 | [549] |
Waterville Jr/Sr High School | Waterville | New York | Indians | Eagles | 2023 | [550] |
Watkins Glen Central School | Watkins Glen | New York | Senecas | Lake Hawks | 2023 | [551] |
Wauwatosa East High School | Wauwatosa | Wisconsin | Red Raiders | N/A | 2010 | Nickname retained, but mascot changed to a pirate. [552] |
Webutuck High School | Amenia | New York | Warriors | Wildcats | 2023 | [553] |
Weedsport Junior/Senior High School | Weedsport | New York | Warriors | Wolverines | 2023 | [554] |
Weldon Valley Junior/Senior High School | Weldona | Colorado | Warriors | N/A | 2021 | New logo selected eliminates Native imagery. [555] |
Wells High School | Wells | Maine | Warriors | N/A | 2018 | The school will remain the Warriors, but remove all Native American imagery. [556] |
Wells High School | Wells | New York | Indians | TBD | 2023 | The school board voted to comply with the New York State Education Department requirement to remove Native mascots. [557] |
West Seneca West Senior High School | West Seneca | New York | Indians | Warhawks [558] | 2023 | [325] |
Weyauwega-Fremont High School | Weyauwega | Wisconsin | Indians | Warhawks | 2020 | [559] |
Wichita North High School | Wichita | Kansas | Redskins | Redhawks [560] | 2021 | The name will be phased out over the next two school years, and a Native American studies program will be initiated. [561] |
Willsboro Central High School | Willsboro | New York | Warriors | Wolves | 2024 | [562] |
Wilton High School | Wilton | Connecticut | Warriors | N/A | 2021 | The removal of a lance with feathers from "W" logo is indicative of moving away from Native American imagery while retaining the Warriors name. [563] |
Winchester High School | Winchester | Massachusetts | Sachems | Red & Black [564] | 2020 | After a contentious meeting, a school committee voted to retire the name. [565] |
Winnacunnet High School | Hampton | New Hampshire | Warriors | N/A | 2020 | The name will remain, but Native American imagery will change. [566] |
Wiscasset High School | Wiscasset | Maine | Redskins | Wolverines | 2011 | Change was approved in 2011, but the Redskins name was retained until the end of the school year. [567] The new name was then selected by a public poll. [568] In August, 2014 selectmen of the town of Wiscasset voted to name a private road "Redskins Drive" as an indication of their continued attachment to the name of the school. [569] However, following weeks of criticism by members of Maine's Indian tribes and others, a second vote changed the name again, to Micmac Drive. [570] |
Woonsocket High School | Woonsocket | South Dakota | Redmen | Blackhawks | 2016 | [571] |
Wyoming Central School | Wyoming | New York | Indians | Mighty Eagles | 2023 | [572] |
Ypsilanti High School | Ypsilanti | Michigan | Braves | Grizzlies | 2006 | |
Yuma High School | Yuma | Colorado | Indians | TBD | 2022 | To comply with state law, mascot will be dropped without replacement. [573] |
Residents in a divided predominantly white town in upstate New York are fighting a state ruling to remove the Native American mascot.
Superintendent cites cost of change during pandemic as part of reason
Board has no intentions on changing Warrior nickname
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