From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of official, or otherwise administratively-recognized, languages of sovereign countries, regions, and supra-national institutions. The article also lists lots of languages which have no administrative mandate as an official language, generally describing these as
de facto official languages.
Official languages of sovereign countries, wholly or partly
A
Abkhaz :
Afar :
Afrikaans :
Aja-Gbe :
Benin (a national language along with
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama , Waci-Gbe,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official language is
French )
Akan (
Akuapem Twi ,
Asante Twi ,
Fante ) :
Albanian :
Amharic :
Anii :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Arabic (see also
List of countries where Arabic is an official language ):
Algeria (with Berber)
Bahrain
Chad (with
French )
Comoros (with
French and
Comorian )
Djibouti (with
French )
Egypt
Eritrea (with
Tigrinya and
English )
Iraq (with
Kurdish )
[7]
Israel (with
Hebrew )
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mali (with
Tuareg and
French )
Mauritania (with several national languages:
Fula ,
Soninke ,
Wolof )
Morocco (with Berber)
[8]
Niger (with
French ,
Buduma ,
Fula ,
Gourmanché ,
Hausa ,
Kanuri ,
Songhay -
Zarma ,
Tamasheq ,
Tasawaq ,
Tebu )
[9]
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somaliland (with
English and
Somali ; independence is disputed)
Somalia (with
Somali )
Sudan (with
English )
Syria
Tunisia
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Armenian :
Assamese :
India (with 21 other regional languages, and with
English as a link language)
Aymara :
Azerbaijani :
B
Balanta :
Senegal (a national language along with
Bassari ,
Bedik ,
Fula ,
Hassaniya ,
Jola ,
Mandinka ,
Mandjak ,
Mankanya ,
Noon ,
Safen ,
Serer ,
Soninke ,
Wolof , the official language is
French )
Bambara :
Bariba :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Basque :
Co-official in some autonomous communities of
Spain :
Bassari :
Senegal (a national language along with
Balanta ,
Bedik ,
Fula ,
Hassaniya ,
Jola ,
Mandinka ,
Mandjak ,
Mankanya ,
Noon ,
Safen ,
Serer ,
Soninke ,
Wolof , the official language is
French )
Bedik :
Senegal (a national language along with
Balanta ,
Bassari ,
Fula ,
Hassaniya ,
Jola ,
Mandinka ,
Mandjak ,
Mankanya ,
Noon ,
Safen ,
Serer ,
Soninke ,
Wolof , the official language is
French )
Belarusian :
Bengali :
Berber :
Biali :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Bislama :
Boko :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Bomu :
Bosnian :
Bozo :
Buduma :
Bulgarian :
Burmese :
C
Cantonese :
Catalan :
Chinese, Mandarin :
Chichewa :
Malawi (with
English )
Zimbabwe (with
English ,
Shona ,
Ndebele ,
Chirbawe ,
Kalanga ,
"Koisan" (Tshuwau),
Nambya ,
Ndau ,
Zimbabwean sign language ,
Tonga ,
Tswana ,
Venda ,
Xhosa )
[29]
Chirbawe (Sena) :
Comorian
Corsican :
Croatian :
Czech :
Czech Republic
Slovakia (legislation states that a person using Czech language at a Slovak institution must be treated as if using Slovak language)
D
Dagaare :
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with
Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante),
Ewe-Gbe ,
Dagbani ,
Dangme ,
Ga ,
Gonja ,
Kasem ,
Nzema , the official language is
English )
Dagbani :
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with
Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante),
Ewe-Gbe ,
Dagaare ,
Dangme ,
Ga ,
Gonja ,
Kasem ,
Nzema , the official language is
English )
Dangme
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with
Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante),
Ewe-Gbe ,
Dagaare ,
Dagbani ,
Ga ,
Gonja ,
Kasem ,
Nzema , the official language is
English )
Danish :
Dari :
Afghanistan (a local variant of Persian, but defined as "Dari" in the Afghan constitution; together with
Pashto )
[31]
Dendi :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Dhivehi :
Dioula :
Dogon :
Dutch :
sole official language in:
co-official language in:
Dzongkha :
E
English (see also
List of countries where English is an official language ):
Antigua and Barbuda
Australia
The Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Botswana (but the
national language is
Tswana )
Cameroon (with
French )
Canada (with
French )
Curaçao (with
Dutch and
Papiamento )
Dominica
England
Eritrea (with
Tigrinya and
Arabic )
Eswatini (with
Swati )
Fiji (with
Bau Fijian and
Fiji Hindi )
[34]
Gambia
Ghana (with
Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante),
Ewe-Gbe ,
Dagaare ,
Dagbani ,
Dangme ,
Ga ,
Gonja ,
Kasem ,
Nzema )
Grenada
Guyana
Hong Kong (with
Cantonese and
Mandarin Chinese )
India (with 22 regional languages)
Republic of Ireland ("second official"; with
Irish )
[35]
Jamaica
Kenya (with
Swahili )
Kiribati
Lesotho (with
Sotho )
Liberia
Malawi (with
Chichewa )
Malaysia (de facto official language with
Malay ; still serves as official and national language with Malay in Sabah and Sarawak)
[36]
Malta (with
Maltese )
Marshall Islands (with
Marshallese )
Mauritius (with
French )
[37]
Micronesia, Federated States of
Namibia (Afrikaans, German, and Oshiwambo are spoken regionally)
[38]
Nauru (with
Nauruan )
New Zealand (with
Māori and
New Zealand Sign Language )
Nigeria (with
Hausa ,
Igbo and
Yoruba )
Pakistan (with
Urdu as the national language)
Palau (with
Palauan )
Papua New Guinea (with
Tok Pisin and
Hiri Motu )
Philippines (with
Filipino )
Rwanda (with
French and
Kinyarwanda )
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa (with
Samoan )
Seychelles (with
Seychellois Creole and
French )
Sierra Leone
Singapore (with
Chinese ,
Malay ,
Tamil )
[25]
Sint Maarten (with
Dutch )
Solomon Islands
Somaliland (with
Arabic and
Somali ; independence is disputed)
South Africa (with
Afrikaans ,
Ndebele ,
Northern Sotho ,
Sotho ,
Swati ,
Tsonga ,
Tswana ,
Venda ,
Xhosa ,
Zulu )
[2]
South Sudan
Sri Lanka (with
Sinhala and
Tamil )
Sudan (with
Arabic )
Tanzania (with
Swahili )
Tonga (with
Tongan )
Trinidad and Tobago
Tuvalu (with
Tuvaluan )
Uganda (with
Swahili )
United Kingdom (de facto; individual countries in the UK have statutorily defined official languages, but the UK as a whole does not)
United States (de facto; the United States has no administratively mandated official language)
Vanuatu (with Bislama and
French )
[20]
Zambia
Zimbabwe (with
Shona ,
Ndebele ,
Chewa ,
Chirbawe ,
Kalanga ,
"Koisan" (Tshuwau),
Nambya ,
Ndau ,
Zimbabwean sign language ,
Tonga ,
Tswana ,
Venda ,
Xhosa )
[29]
Estonian :
Ewe-Gbe :
F
Faroese :
Fijian :
Filipino :
Finnish :
Fon-Gbe :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Foodo :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Formosan :
French (see also
List of countries where French is an official language ):
sole official language in:
co-official language in:
Benin (with several national languages:
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba )
Burkina Faso (with several national languages including
Dioula ,
Fula ,
Mossi )
Burundi (with
Kirundi )
Cameroon (with
English )
Canada (with
English )
Central African Republic (with
Sango )
[39]
Chad (with
Arabic )
Comoros (with
Arabic and
Comorian )
Ivory Coast
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Djibouti (with
Arabic )
Equatorial Guinea (with
Spanish and
Portuguese )
France
Gabon
Guernsey (with
English )
Guinea (with several national languages:
Fula ,
Kissi ,
Kpelle ,
Malinke ,
Susu ,
Toma ,
Oniyan ,
Wamey )
Haiti (with
Haitian Creole )
[40]
Italy
Jersey (with
English )
Luxembourg (with
German and
Luxembourgish )
Madagascar (with
Malagasy )
Mali (with several national languages:
Bambara ,
Bomu ,
Bozo ,
Dogon ,
Fula ,
Mamara ,
Songhay ,
Soninke ,
Syenara ,
Tamasheq )
Mauritius (with
English )
[37]
Monaco
Niger (with
Arabic ,
Buduma ,
Fula ,
Gourmanché ,
Hausa ,
Kanuri ,
Songhay -
Zarma ,
Tamasheq ,
Tasawaq ,
Tebu )
[9]
Rwanda (with English and Kinyarwanda)
Senegal (with several national languages:
Balanta ,
Bassari ,
Bedik ,
Fula ,
Hassaniya ,
Jola ,
Mandinka ,
Mandjak ,
Mankanya ,
Noon ,
Safen ,
Serer ,
Soninke ,
Wolof )
Seychelles (with
Seychellois Creole and
English )
Switzerland (National and official language with
German ,
Italian , and (
Romansh ))
[41]
Official language in:
Fula :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Burkina Faso (a national language along with
Dioula ,
Mossi and other languages, the official language is
French )
Guinea (a national language along with
Kissi ,
Kpelle ,
Malinke ,
Susu ,
Toma ,
Oniyan ,
Wamey , the official language is
French )
Mali (a national language along with
Bambara ,
Bomu ,
Bozo ,
Dogon ,
Mamara ,
Songhay ,
Soninke ,
Syenara ,
Tamasheq , the official language is
French )
Mauritania (a national language along with
Soninke ,
Wolof , the official language is
Arabic )
Niger (with
French ,
Arabic ,
Buduma ,
Gourmanché ,
Hausa ,
Kanuri ,
Songhay -
Zarma ,
Tamasheq ,
Tasawaq ,
Tebu )
[9]
Senegal (a national language along with
Balanta ,
Bassari ,
Bedik ,
Hassaniya ,
Jola ,
Mandinka ,
Mandjak ,
Mankanya ,
Noon ,
Safen ,
Serer ,
Soninke ,
Wolof , the official language is
French )
G
Ga :
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with
Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante),
Ewe-Gbe ,
Dagaare ,
Dagbani ,
Dangme ,
Gonja ,
Kasem ,
Nzema , the official language is
English )
Gàidhlig :
Gbe :
Gen-Gbe :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Georgian :
German :
sole official language in:
Official language in 21 cantons:
Gonja :
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with
Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante),
Ewe-Gbe ,
Dagaare ,
Dagbani ,
Dangme ,
Ga ,
Kasem ,
Nzema , the official language is
English )
Gourmanché
Greek :
Guaraní :
Gujarati :
H
Haitian Creole :
Hakka :
Hassaniya :
Senegal (a national language along with
Balanta ,
Bassari ,
Bedik ,
Fula ,
Jola ,
Mandinka ,
Mandjak ,
Mankanya ,
Noon ,
Safen ,
Serer ,
Soninke ,
Wolof , the official language is
French )
Hausa :
Niger (with
French ,
Arabic ,
Buduma ,
Fula ,
Gourmanché ,
Kanuri ,
Songhay -
Zarma ,
Tamasheq ,
Tasawaq ,
Tebu )
[9]
Nigeria (with
English ,
Igbo and
Yoruba )
[47]
Hebrew :
Hindi :
India ("official language of the Union"; with English; 21 other regional languages namely
Assamese ,
Bengali ,
Bodo ,
Dogri ,
Gujarati ,
Kannada ,
Kashmiri ,
Konkani ,
Maithili ,
Malayalam ,
Meitei (Manipuri),
Marathi ,
Nepali ,
Odia ,
Punjabi ,
Sanskrit ,
Santhali ,
Sindhi ,
Tamil ,
Telugu ,
Urdu
[48] )
[49]
Fiji (with English and Bau Fijian; known constitutionally as Fiji Hindi as an umbrella term to cover
Standard Hindi ,
Urdu , as well as other Hindustani dialects)
[34]
Hiri Motu :
Hungarian :
I
Igbo :
Icelandic :
Indonesian :
Irish :
Italian :
Official language in:
J
Japanese :
Japan (de facto)
Palau (
Angaur )
Javanese :
native to Java; Indonesia
Jola :
Senegal (a national language along with
Balanta ,
Bassari ,
Bedik ,
Fula ,
Hassaniya ,
Mandinka ,
Mandjak ,
Mankanya ,
Noon ,
Safen ,
Serer ,
Soninke ,
Wolof , the official language is
French )
K
Kabye :
Kalanga :
Zimbabwe (with
English ,
Shona ,
Ndebele ,
Chewa ,
Chirbawe ,
Tshuwau ("Koisan"),
Nambya ,
Ndau ,
Zimbabwean sign language ,
Tonga ,
Tswana ,
Venda ,
Xhosa )
[29]
Kannada :
India (with 21 other regional Languages, and with English as a link language)
Kanuri :
Kasem :
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with
Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante),
Ewe-Gbe ,
Dagaare ,
Dagbani ,
Dangme ,
Ga ,
Gonja ,
Nzema , the official language is
English )
Kazakh :
Khmer :
Kinyarwanda :
Kirundi :
Kissi
"
Koisan " (Tshuwau):
Zimbabwe (with
English ,
Shona ,
Ndebele ,
Chewa ,
Chirbawe ,
Kalanga ,
Nambya ,
Ndau ,
Zimbabwean sign language ,
Tonga ,
Tswana ,
Venda ,
Xhosa )
[29]
Korean :
Korean Sign Language :
Kpelle :
Kurdish :
Kyrgyz :
L
Lao :
Latin :
Latvian :
Lithuanian :
Lukpa :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Luxembourgish :
M
Macedonian :
Malagasy :
Malay :
Malinke :
Maltese :
Mamara :
Manding (
Mandinka ,
Malinke ) :
Mandinka :
see
Manding
Senegal (a national language along with
Balanta ,
Bassari ,
Bedik ,
Fula ,
Hassaniya ,
Jola ,
Mandjak ,
Mankanya ,
Noon ,
Safen ,
Serer ,
Soninke ,
Wolof , the official language is
French )
Mandjak :
Senegal (a national language along with
Balanta ,
Bassari ,
Bedik ,
Fula ,
Hassaniya ,
Jola ,
Mandinka ,
Mankanya ,
Noon ,
Safen ,
Serer ,
Soninke ,
Wolof , the official language is
French )
Mankanya :
Senegal (a national language along with
Balanta ,
Bassari ,
Bedik ,
Fula ,
Hassaniya ,
Jola ,
Mandinka ,
Mandjak ,
Noon ,
Safen ,
Serer ,
Soninke ,
Wolof , the official language is
French )
Manx Gaelic :
Māori :
New Zealand (with English and New Zealand Sign Language)
Marshallese :
Mauritian Creole
Mbelime :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Meitei (officially known as
Manipuri )
India (along with 21 other scheduled languages recognised by the 8th schedule of the Indian Constitution)
Mongolian :
Montenegrin :
Mossi :
N
Nambya :
Zimbabwe (with
English ,
Shona ,
Ndebele ,
Chewa ,
Chirbawe ,
Kalanga ,
"Koisan" (Tshuwau),
Ndau ,
Zimbabwean sign language ,
Tonga ,
Tswana ,
Venda ,
Xhosa )
[29]
Nateni :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Nauruan
Ndau :
Zimbabwe (with
English ,
Shona ,
Ndebele ,
Chewa ,
Chirbawe ,
Kalanga ,
"Koisan" (Tshuwau),
Nambya ,
Zimbabwean sign language ,
Tonga ,
Tswana ,
Venda ,
Xhosa )
[29]
Ndebele (
Northern ):
South Africa (with
Afrikaans , English,
Northern Sotho ,
Sotho ,
Swati ,
Tsonga ,
Tswana ,
Venda ,
Xhosa ,
Zulu )
[2]
Zimbabwe (with
English ,
Shona ,
Chewa ,
Chirbawe ,
Kalanga ,
"Koisan" (Tshuwau),
Nambya ,
Ndau ,
Zimbabwean sign language ,
Tonga ,
Tswana ,
Venda ,
Xhosa )
[29]
Ndebele (
Southern ):
Nepali :
New Zealand Sign Language :
New Zealand (with English and Māori)
Noon :
Senegal (a national language along with
Balanta ,
Bassari ,
Bedik ,
Fula ,
Hassaniya ,
Jola ,
Mandinka ,
Mandjak ,
Mankanya ,
Safen ,
Serer ,
Soninke ,
Wolof , the official language is
French )
Northern Sotho :
Norwegian :
Norway (two official written forms – Bokmål and Nynorsk )
Nzema :
Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with
Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante),
Ewe-Gbe ,
Dagaare ,
Dagbani ,
Dangme ,
Ga ,
Gonja ,
Kasem , the official language is
English )
O
Oniyan :
Oriya
Oromo :
Ossetian :
P
Palauan :
Papiamento :
Pashto :
Persian :
Polish :
Portuguese :
Punjabi :
Q
Quechua :
R
Romanian :
Romansh :
Russian :
S
Safen :
Senegal (a national language along with
Balanta ,
Bassari ,
Bedik ,
Fula ,
Hassaniya ,
Jola ,
Mandinka ,
Mandjak ,
Mankanya ,
Noon ,
Serer ,
Soninke ,
Wolof , the official language is
French )
Samoa
Sango
Sena :
Zimbabwe as Chirbawe (with
English ,
Shona ,
Ndebele ,
Chewa ,
Kalanga ,
"Koisan" (Tshuwau),
Nambya ,
Ndau ,
Zimbabwean sign language ,
Tonga ,
Tswana ,
Venda ,
Xhosa )
[29]
Scots
Serbian :
Serer :
Senegal (a national language along with
Balanta ,
Bassari ,
Bedik ,
Fula ,
Hassaniya ,
Jola ,
Mandinka ,
Mandjak ,
Mankanya ,
Noon ,
Safen ,
Soninke ,
Wolof , the official language is
French )
Seychellois Creole
Shona :
Zimbabwe (with
English ,
Ndebele ,
Chewa ,
Chirbawe ,
Kalanga ,
"Koisan" (Tshuwau),
Nambya ,
Ndau ,
Zimbabwean sign language ,
Tonga ,
Tswana ,
Venda ,
Xhosa )
[29]
Sinhala :
Slovak :
Slovene :
Somali :
Songhay -
Zarma :
Mali (a national language along with
Bambara ,
Bomu ,
Bozo ,
Dogon ,
Fula ,
Mamara ,
Soninke ,
Syenara ,
Tamasheq , the official language is
French )
Niger (with
French ,
Arabic ,
Buduma ,
Fula ,
Gourmanché ,
Hausa ,
Kanuri ,
Tamasheq ,
Tasawaq ,
Tebu )
[9]
Soninke :
Mali (a national language along with
Bambara ,
Bomu ,
Bozo ,
Dogon ,
Fula ,
Mamara ,
Songhay ,
Syenara ,
Tamasheq , the official language is
French )
Mauritania (a national language along with
Fula ,
Wolof , the official language is
Arabic )
Senegal (a national language along with
Balanta ,
Bassari ,
Bedik ,
Fula ,
Hassaniya ,
Jola ,
Mandinka ,
Mandjak ,
Mankanya ,
Noon ,
Safen ,
Serer ,
Wolof , the official language is
French )
Sotho :
South African Sign Language
Spanish :
Susu :
Swahili :
Swati :
Swedish :
Syenara :
T
Taiwan Sign Language :
Taiwanese Hokkien :
Tajik :
Tagalog :
Tamasheq :
Mali (a national language along with
Bambara ,
Bomu ,
Bozo ,
Dogon ,
Fula ,
Mamara ,
Songhay ,
Soninke ,
Syenara , the official language is
French )
Niger (with
French ,
Arabic ,
Buduma ,
Fula ,
Gourmanché ,
Hausa ,
Kanuri ,
Songhay -
Zarma ,
Tasawaq ,
Tebu )
[9]
Tamil :
Tammari :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Tasawaq :
Tebu :
Telugu :
Tetum :
Thai :
Tigrinya :
Tok Pisin :
Toma :
Tonga :
Zimbabwe (with
English ,
Shona ,
Ndebele ,
Chewa ,
Chirbawe ,
Kalanga ,
"Koisan" (Tshuwau),
Nambya ,
Ndau ,
Zimbabwean sign language ,
Tswana ,
Venda ,
Xhosa )
[29]
Tongan
Tsonga :
Tswana :
Botswana (with English)
South Africa (with
Afrikaans , English,
Ndebele ,
Northern Sotho ,
Sotho ,
Swati ,
Tsonga ,
Venda ,
Xhosa ,
Zulu )
[2]
Zimbabwe (with
English ,
Shona ,
Ndebele ,
Chewa ,
Chirbawe ,
Kalanga ,
"Koisan" (Tshuwau),
Nambya ,
Ndau ,
Zimbabwean sign language ,
Tonga ,
Venda ,
Xhosa )
[29]
Turkish :
Turkmen :
Tuvaluan
U
Ukrainian :
Urdu :
Pakistan (with English)
India (Urdu dialect and in script it is Sanscrit with 21 other regional languages, and with
English as a link language)
Uzbek :
V
Venda :
South Africa (with
Afrikaans , English,
Ndebele ,
Northern Sotho ,
Sotho ,
Swati ,
Tsonga ,
Tswana ,
Xhosa ,
Zulu )
[2]
Zimbabwe (with
English ,
Shona ,
Ndebele ,
Chewa ,
Chirbawe ,
Kalanga ,
"Koisan" (Tshuwau),
Nambya ,
Ndau ,
Zimbabwean sign language ,
Tonga ,
Tswana ,
Xhosa )
[29]
Vietnamese :
W
Waama :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Waci-Gbe :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Wamey :
Welsh :
Wolof :
Mauritania (a national language along with
Fula ,
Soninke , the official language is
Arabic )
Senegal (a national language along with
Balanta ,
Bassari ,
Bedik ,
Fula ,
Hassaniya ,
Jola ,
Mandinka ,
Mandjak ,
Mankanya ,
Noon ,
Safen ,
Serer ,
Soninke , the official language is
French )
X
Xhosa :
South Africa (with
Afrikaans , English,
Ndebele ,
Northern Sotho ,
Sotho ,
Swati ,
Tsonga ,
Tswana ,
Venda ,
Zulu )
[2]
Zimbabwe (with
English ,
Shona ,
Ndebele ,
Chewa ,
Chirbawe ,
Kalanga ,
"Koisan" (Tshuwau),
Nambya ,
Ndau ,
Zimbabwean sign language ,
Tonga ,
Tswana ,
Venda )
[29]
Xwela-Gbe :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Yom ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Y
Yobe :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yom ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Yom :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yoruba , the official languages is
French )
Yoruba :
Benin (a national language along with
Aja-Gbe ,
Anii ,
Bariba ,
Biali ,
Boko ,
Dendi ,
Fon-Gbe ,
Foodo ,
Fula ,
Gen-Gbe ,
Lukpa ,
Mbelime ,
Nateni ,
Tammari ,
Waama ,
Waci-Gbe ,
Yobe ,
Xwela-Gbe ,
Yom , the official languages is
French )
Nigeria (with
English ,
Hausa and
Igbo )
[47]
Z
Zimbabwean sign language :
Zimbabwe (with
English ,
Shona ,
Ndebele ,
Chewa ,
Chirbawe ,
Kalanga ,
"Koisan" (Tshuwau),
Nambya ,
Ndau ,
Tonga ,
Tswana ,
Venda ,
Xhosa )
[29]
Zulu :
List of languages by the number of countries in which they are the most widely used
This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are de jure or de facto official, co-official, an administrative or working language.
[66]
Official regional and minority languages
Abaza :
Adyghe :
Aghul :
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages ; with Russian)
[69]
Aklanon :
Visayas (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)
[70]
Albanian :
Altay :
Arabic :
Aranese see Occitan
Armenian :
Assamese :
Avar :
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages ; with Russian)
[69]
Azeri :
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages ; with Russian)
[69]
Balkar :
Bashkir :
Basque :
Bengali :
Bikol :
Luzon and
Visayas (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)
[70]
Bosnian :
Buryat :
Cantonese Chinese :
Catalan :
parts of Spain
parts of France
parts of Italy
Cebuano :
Visayas and
Mindanao (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)
[70]
Chavacano :
Mindanao (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)
[70]
Chechen :
Cherkess :
Cherokee :
Chipewyan :
Northwest Territories (with Cree, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Chukchi :
Sakha (local official language ; in localities with Chukchi population)
[78]
Chuvash :
Cree :
Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Crimean Tatar
Crimea (with Russian and Ukrainian)
Croatian :
Dargwa :
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages ; with Russian)
[69]
Dolgan :
Sakha (local official language ; in localities with Dolgan population)
[78]
Dutch :
English :
parts of the United States. See
English-only movement . English is an official language in the following states and territories:
Erzya :
Even :
Sakha (local official language ; in localities with Even population)
[78]
Evenki :
Sakha (local official language ; in localities with Evenki population)
[78]
Faroese :
Finnish :
Karelia (authorized language ; with Karelian and Veps)
[81]
French :
Frisian (West) :
Friulian :
The
Friuli region of northeastern Italy
Gagauz :
Galician :
German :
Greek :
parts of south
Albania
parts of south Italy
Guaraní :
Gujarati :
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Gwich'in :
Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Hawaiian :
Hiligaynon :
Visayas and
Mindanao (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)
[70]
Hindi :
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Hungarian :
Ibanag :
Luzon (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)
[70]
Ilocano :
Luzon and
Mindanao (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Maguindanao, Maranao, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan.)
[70]
Ingush :
Inuinnaqtun :
Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuktitut)
Inuktitut :
Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuinnaqtun)
Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Inuvialuktun :
Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Irish :
Italian :
Ivatan :
Luzon (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)
[70]
Japanese :
Kabardian :
Kalaallisut :
Kalmyk :
Kannada :
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Kapampangan :
Luzon (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ilocano, Ibanag, Ivatan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)
[70]
Karachay :
Karelian :
Karelia (authorized language ; with Finnish and Veps)
[81]
Kashmiri :
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Kazakh :
Khakas :
Khanty :
Kinaray-a :
Visayas (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)
[70]
Komi :
Komi (state language ; with Russian)
[88]
Komi-Permyak :
Korean :
Kumyk :
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages ; with Russian)
[69]
Kyrgyz :
Lak :
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages ; with Russian)
[69]
Lezgian :
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages ; with Russian)
[69]
Macedonian
Maguindanao :
Mindanao (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)
[70]
Malayalam :
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Mansi :
Maranao :
Mindanao (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)
[70]
Marathi :
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Mari (Hill and Meadow):
Mayan :
Meitei (officially known as
Manipuri ):
Mi'kmaq :
Nova Scotia ("first language"; with English (de facto), French, Scottish Gaelic)
Moksha :
Mongolian :
part of the
People's Republic of China
Inner Mongolia , with Chinese (Mandarin)
Haixi , with Tibetan and Chinese (Mandarin)
Bortala , with Chinese (Mandarin)
Bayin'gholin , with Chinese (Mandarin)
Dorbod , with Chinese (Mandarin)
Qian Gorlos , with Chinese (Mandarin)
Harqin Left , with Chinese (Mandarin)
Fuxin , with Chinese (Mandarin)
Weichang , with Chinese (Mandarin)
Subei , with Chinese (Mandarin)
Henan , with Chinese (Mandarin)
Náhuatl :
Mexico (*only recognized)
El Salvador (*only recognized)
Nenets :
Nepali :
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Nogai :
Occitan :
Odia :
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Ossetic (Digor and Iron dialects):
Pangasinan :
Luzon (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Sambal, and Tagalog)
[70]
Portuguese :
Punjabi :
Pakistan
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Romanian :
Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
Russian . Russian is fixed as a state language in the Constitutions of the republics of the Russian Federation:
Rusyn :
Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak)
Ukraine
Zakarapts'ka region (with Ukrainian, Hungarian)
Rutul :
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages ; with Russian)
[69]
Sakha :
Sambal :
Luzon (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, and Tagalog)
[70]
Sami :
Finland (in four municipalities)
Norway (in six municipalities in two provinces)
Sweden (in four municipalities and surrounding municipalities)
Sanskrit :
Saraiki
Sarikoli :
Selkup :
Serbian :
Croatia -Co-official minority language in municipalities:
Borovo ,
[97]
Trpinja ,
[97]
Markušica ,
[97]
Negoslavci ,
[97]
Vukovar ,
[98]
Šodolovci ,
[97]
Erdut ,
[98]
Darda ,
[99]
Jagodnjak ,
[97]
Kneževi Vinogradi ,
[99]
Dvor ,
[97]
Gvozd ,
[97]
Biskupija ,
[98]
Ervenik ,
[98]
Kistanje ,
[98]
Gračac ,
[98]
Udbina ,
[98]
Vrbovsko ,
[98]
Donji Kukuruzari
[98] and
Nijemci .
[99]
Sindhi :
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Pakistan (Official language in the province of
Sindh along with
Urdu and
English )
North and South Slavey :
Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Slovak :
part of
Serbia
Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Romanian and Ruthenian)
Slovene :
part of Italy
part of Austria
Spanish :
Surigaonon :
Visayas and
Mindanao (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)
[70]
Tabasaran :
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages ; with Russian)
[69]
Tagalog :
Luzon ,
Visayas , and
Mindanao (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)
[70]
Tahitian :
Tamil :
Tat :
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages ; with Russian)
[69]
Tatar :
Tausug :
Mindanao (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Maranao, and Yakan)
[70]
Telugu :
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Tibetan :
Tibet Autonomous Region (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Aba (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Garzê (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Dêqên (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Wenshan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Gannan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Haibai (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Hainan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Huangnan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Golog (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Gyêgu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Haixi (with Mongolian and Chinese (Mandarin))
Muli (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Tianzhu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Tłįchǫ :
Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, and South Slavey)
Tsakhur :
Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages ; with Russian)
[69]
Tswana :
Turkish :
Tuvan :
Tyva (state language ; with Russian)
[95]
Udmurt :
Urdu :
Pakistan (with English as co-official language)
India (with 21 other regional languages)
Uyghur :
Veps :
Karelia (authorized language ; with Finnish and Karelian)
[81]
Vietnamese :
Waray :
Welsh :
Wales (United Kingdom) (with English)
Yakan :
Mindanao (
Philippines ) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Tausug)
[70]
Yiddish :
Yukaghir :
Sakha (local official language ; in localities with Yukaghir population)
[78]
Zhuang :
See also
Notes
References
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a
b (in Russian)
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b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
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^
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Constitution of Zimbabwe 2013
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Wayback Machine , Africatime.com, 22 March 2013
^
"Article 12. Constitution of the Republic of Croatia" . Archived from
the original on 9 September 2011. Retrieved 18 February 2012 .
^
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b
c
"Article 16. Constitution of Afghanistan" . Archived from
the original on 28 October 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2012 .
^
Article 11. Constitution of the Republic of Maldives
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Article 1. Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan
Archived 6 July 2011 at the
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b
c
Section 4. Fiji Constitution
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b
"Article 8. Constitution of Ireland 1937" (PDF) . p. 10. Archived from
the original (PDF) on 13 October 2012.
^
Article 152 – National Language and Other Languages, Constitution of Malaysia
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b
Article 49. Constitution of Mauritius
Archived 2 March 2009 at the
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^
Namibia – Constitution , servat.unibe.ch/icl (International Constitutional Law collection), 1990, retrieved 2 May 2008 (Article 3)
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b
"Article 18. Constitution de la République Centrafricaine" (PDF) . Archived from
the original (PDF) on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2012 .
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b
Article 5. La Constitution de la République d’Haïti
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c
d
"CC 101 Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation of 18 April 1999, Art. 4 National languages" (official site). Bern, Switzerland: The federal Council. 1 January 2018. Archived from
the original on 21 June 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2018 .
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"Languages – gov.scot" . gov.scot . Retrieved 21 January 2021 .
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Article 8. Constitution of Georgia
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c (in Russian)
Статья 4. Конституция Республики Южная Осетия
Archived 11 August 2009 at the
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b
"App. D., Part 1, Art. 3. Constitution of Cyprus" . Archived from
the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2012 .
^
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b
Artículo 140. Constituciones de la
Archived 28 April 2018 at the
Wayback Machine
ública del Paraguay
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Article 55. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
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"Axis Translations" . Axis Translations . Archived from
the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2015 .
^
"Part XVII. Constitution of India" (PDF) . Archived from
the original (PDF) on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015 .
^
Article H. Fundamental Law of Hungary
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Article 36. Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia
Archived 7 September 2008 at the
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b
Article 7. Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Archived 20 October 2007 at the
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^
Article 5. Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia
^
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b Minahan, James B. (2014).
Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia . Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 147.
ISBN
978-1-61069-018-8 .
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b (in Russian)
Статья 10. Конституция Кыргызской Республики
^ Shaban, Abdurahman.
"One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages" . Africa News. Archived from
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"Article 2. Constitution of Tajikistan" . Archived from
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^
"Survista dal Grischun" .
^
Article 68. Constitution of the Russian Federation
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Article 12. Constitution of the Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublica
^ Slovak language is defined as official language together with Czech language by several laws – e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source:
http://portal.gov.cz . Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském..." (§16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) „Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině..." (§ 3, odstavec 1).
http://portal.gov.cz
^
"Constitution of Paraguay 1992" (PDF) .
^
Section 3. Spanish Constitution
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Article 7. The Constitution of Kenya (2010)
Archived 4 May 2012 at the
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^
"Welsh Language Act 1993" . legislation.gov.uk . The Crown. Retrieved 4 January 2018 .
^
"The world's languages, in 7 maps and charts" . 18 April 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2022 .
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c
d
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Article 11 of the Constitution of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
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Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Adygea
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b
c
d
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f
g
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Article 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of Dagestan
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h
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j
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l
m
n
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p
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DepEd adds 7 languages to mother tongue-based education for Kinder to Grade 3 .
GMA News . 13 July 2013.
^
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Article 13 of the Constitution of the Republic of Altay
^
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b
c
Article 76 of the Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
^
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b
Article 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Bashkortostan
^
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b
Article 67 of the Constitution of the Republic of Buryatia
^
Article 108 of the Statute of the Zabaykalsky Krai
^
a
b
Article 10 of the Constitution of the Chechen Republic
^
"The Cherokee Nation & its Language" (PDF) . University of Minnesota: Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition . 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2014 .
^
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b
c
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e
"Article 6 of the Law of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) On languages in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) " . Archived from
the original on 21 December 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2011 .
^
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Article 8 of the Constitution of the Chuvash Republic
^
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b
c
Article 12 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mordovia
^
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b
c
Law of the Republic of Karelia On state support of Karelian, Veps and Finnish languages in the Republic of Karelia
Archived 18 January 2012 at the
Wayback Machine
^
a
b
Article 14 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ingushetia
^
a
b
Article 17 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kalmykia
^
Article 4 of the Law of the Republic of Altay On languages
Archived 11 August 2011 at the
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^
a
b
Article 69 of the Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia
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b
c
"Law of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug On the languages of the aboriginal minorities of the North living within the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug " . Archived from
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"Law of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug On native languages of the aboriginal minorities of the North within the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug " . Archived from
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^
a
b
Article 67 of the Constitution of the Republic of Komi
^
Article 42 of the Statute of the Perm Krai
Archived 3 September 2011 at the
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^
a
b
Article 15 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mari El
^
a
b
Article 15 of the Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia—Alania
^
Article 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of Karelia
^
a
b
Article 46 of the Constitution of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
^
a
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Article 8 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan
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Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tyva
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Article 8 of the Constitution of the Udmurt Republic
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"Treće izvješće Republike Hrvatske o primjeni Europske povelje o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima" (PDF) .
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c
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Government of Croatia .
"NAPUTAK ZA DOSLJEDNU PROVEDBU ZAKONA O UPORABI JEZIKA I PISMA NACIONALNIH MANJINA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ" .
Narodne novine . Retrieved 30 March 2014 .
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"Registar Geografskih Imena Nacionalnih Manjina Republike Hrvatske" (PDF) . Archived from
the original (PDF) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2014 .
^
"Bilingual Border Cities Contest Movement to Make English the Official Language" .
HuffPost . 2 February 2012.
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