Miscarriage risks are those circumstances, conditions, and substances that increase the risk of
miscarriage. Some risks are modifiable and can be changed. Other risks cannot be modified and can't be changed. Risks can be firmly tied to miscarriages and others are still under investigation. In addition, there are those circumstances and treatments that have not been found effective in preventing miscarriage. When a woman keeps having miscarriages,
infertility is present.[1]
^Agarwal K, Alfirevic Z (August 2012). "Pregnancy loss after chorionic villus sampling and genetic amniocentesis in twin pregnancies: a systematic review". Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 40 (2): 128–34.
doi:
10.1002/uog.10152.
PMID22125091.
S2CID23379631.
^Mills JL, Simpson JL, Driscoll SG, Jovanovic-Peterson L, Van Allen M, Aarons JH, Metzger B, Bieber FR, Knopp RH, Holmes LB (1988). "Incidence of Spontaneous Abortion among Normal Women and Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Women Whose Pregnancies Were Identified within 21 Days of Conception". New England Journal of Medicine. 319 (25): 1617–23.
doi:
10.1056/NEJM198812223192501.
PMID3200277.
^Kajii T, Ferrier A, Niikawa N, Takahara H, Ohama K, Avirachan S (1980). "Anatomic and chromosomal anomalies in 639 spontaneous abortuses". Human Genetics. 55 (1): 87–98.
doi:
10.1007/BF00329132.
PMID7450760.
S2CID2133855.
^American College of Obstetricians and, Gynecologists (Feb 2014). "ACOG Practice Bulletin No.142: Cerclage for the management of cervical insufficiency". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 123 (2 Pt 1): 372–9.
doi:
10.1097/01.AOG.0000443276.68274.cc.
PMID24451674.
S2CID205384229.
^Carp HJ, Selmi C, Shoenfeld Y (2012). "The autoimmune bases of infertility and pregnancy loss". J Autoimmun (Review). 38 (2–3): J266–74.
doi:
10.1016/j.jaut.2011.11.016.
PMID22284905.
^Gleicher N, Weghofer A, Barad D (2007). "Female infertility due to abnormal autoimmunity: Frequently overlooked and greatly underappreciated. Part II". Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2 (4): 465–75.
doi:
10.1586/17474108.2.4.465.
^Gleicher N, Weghofer A, Barad DH (2011). "Do chromosomally abnormal pregnancies really preclude autoimmune etiologies of spontaneous miscarriages?". Autoimmunity Reviews. 10 (6): 361–3.
doi:
10.1016/j.autrev.2010.12.004.
PMID21195806.
^Khattab S, Mohsen IA, Foutouh IA, Ramadan A, Moaz M, Al-Inany H (2006). "Metformin reduces abortion in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome". Gynecological Endocrinology. 22 (12): 680–4.
doi:
10.1080/09513590601010508.
PMID17162710.
S2CID41735428.
^Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (December 2007).
"Long-term consequences of polycystic ovarian syndrome"(PDF). Green-top Guideline No. 27. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Archived from
the original(PDF) on 2010-07-10. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
Miscarriage risks are those circumstances, conditions, and substances that increase the risk of
miscarriage. Some risks are modifiable and can be changed. Other risks cannot be modified and can't be changed. Risks can be firmly tied to miscarriages and others are still under investigation. In addition, there are those circumstances and treatments that have not been found effective in preventing miscarriage. When a woman keeps having miscarriages,
infertility is present.[1]
^Agarwal K, Alfirevic Z (August 2012). "Pregnancy loss after chorionic villus sampling and genetic amniocentesis in twin pregnancies: a systematic review". Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 40 (2): 128–34.
doi:
10.1002/uog.10152.
PMID22125091.
S2CID23379631.
^Mills JL, Simpson JL, Driscoll SG, Jovanovic-Peterson L, Van Allen M, Aarons JH, Metzger B, Bieber FR, Knopp RH, Holmes LB (1988). "Incidence of Spontaneous Abortion among Normal Women and Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Women Whose Pregnancies Were Identified within 21 Days of Conception". New England Journal of Medicine. 319 (25): 1617–23.
doi:
10.1056/NEJM198812223192501.
PMID3200277.
^Kajii T, Ferrier A, Niikawa N, Takahara H, Ohama K, Avirachan S (1980). "Anatomic and chromosomal anomalies in 639 spontaneous abortuses". Human Genetics. 55 (1): 87–98.
doi:
10.1007/BF00329132.
PMID7450760.
S2CID2133855.
^American College of Obstetricians and, Gynecologists (Feb 2014). "ACOG Practice Bulletin No.142: Cerclage for the management of cervical insufficiency". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 123 (2 Pt 1): 372–9.
doi:
10.1097/01.AOG.0000443276.68274.cc.
PMID24451674.
S2CID205384229.
^Carp HJ, Selmi C, Shoenfeld Y (2012). "The autoimmune bases of infertility and pregnancy loss". J Autoimmun (Review). 38 (2–3): J266–74.
doi:
10.1016/j.jaut.2011.11.016.
PMID22284905.
^Gleicher N, Weghofer A, Barad D (2007). "Female infertility due to abnormal autoimmunity: Frequently overlooked and greatly underappreciated. Part II". Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2 (4): 465–75.
doi:
10.1586/17474108.2.4.465.
^Gleicher N, Weghofer A, Barad DH (2011). "Do chromosomally abnormal pregnancies really preclude autoimmune etiologies of spontaneous miscarriages?". Autoimmunity Reviews. 10 (6): 361–3.
doi:
10.1016/j.autrev.2010.12.004.
PMID21195806.
^Khattab S, Mohsen IA, Foutouh IA, Ramadan A, Moaz M, Al-Inany H (2006). "Metformin reduces abortion in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome". Gynecological Endocrinology. 22 (12): 680–4.
doi:
10.1080/09513590601010508.
PMID17162710.
S2CID41735428.
^Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (December 2007).
"Long-term consequences of polycystic ovarian syndrome"(PDF). Green-top Guideline No. 27. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Archived from
the original(PDF) on 2010-07-10. Retrieved 2 July 2013.