Exploration
|
When
|
Who (
explorer)
|
Northwest
African coast (
West Africa)
|
about 500 BC
|
Hanno the Navigator
|
The
Mediterranean Sea
|
5th century BC
|
Himilco the Navigator
|
Around western
Europe to
Thule Island
|
about 330 BC
|
Pytheas of Marseilles
|
Greenland,
Iceland, and
Faroes
|
900
|
Gunnbjörn Ulfsson
|
Americas (
North America)
|
999
|
Leif Ericson
|
Brazil (
South America) - controversial
|
c. 14th century CE
|
Abu Bakr II
|
Sahelian kingdoms
|
1351–1354
|
Ibn Battuta
|
Great permanent wind wheel of
Volta do Mar, the
North Atlantic Gyre. Recognition of the
Sargasso Sea,
Madeira,
Azores and
West African coast.
Cape Verde.
|
1427–1460
|
Several navigators: Portuguese or serving Portugal, most under the sponsorship of
Henry the Navigator
|
Congo River,
Angola and
Namibia
|
1482–1485
|
Diogo Cão
|
South Africa. Connected the
Atlantic to the
Indian Ocean.
South Atlantic
Volta do Mar winds.
|
1482–1485
|
Bartolomeu Dias
|
Caribbean,
Venezuela (
South America) and
Central America. Use and development of the North Atlantic
routes.
|
1493–1502
|
Christopher Columbus
|
Atlantic Ocean (
outer routes) and
Indian Ocean, sea route to
India (
Europe to
Asia)
|
1497–1499
|
Vasco da Gama
|
Brazil, South Atlantic
Volta do Mar, Indian Ocean,
Madagascar, gate of the
Red Sea (
Bab-el-Mandeb Strait);
India. Voyage that united
Europe,
Americas,
Africa and
Asia.
|
1500–1501
|
Pedro Álvares Cabral and
Diogo Dias, among others
|
Timor,
Moluccas (
Australasia - Pacific Ocean)
|
1512–1513
|
António de Abreu and
Francisco Serrão
|
Circumnavigation of the globe. Connection from the Atlantic to the
Pacific Ocean (Americas to Asia).
|
1519–1522
|
Ferdinand Magellan and
Juan Sebastián Elcano
|
Mexico
|
1519–1521
|
Hernán Cortés
|
Brazil,
Paraguay,
Bolivia and east of the
Inca Empire
|
1525–1527
|
Aleixo Garcia
|
Traveled across the Southwest of
North America (completely)
|
1528
|
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
|
Peru,
Inca Empire and
Ecuador
|
1531–1534
|
Francisco Pizarro
|
Ecuador and Brazil. Length of the
Amazon River.
|
1531–1534
|
Francisco de Orellana
|
Canada,
Saint Lawrence River
|
1534–1542
|
Jacques Cartier
|
Colombia,
Conquest of the Muisca
|
1536–1537
|
Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
|
Pacific Ocean's
Volta do Mar (Asia to the Americas)
|
1564–1565
|
Andrés de Urdaneta
|
Galápagos Islands,
Rapa Nui
|
c. 1480
|
Tupaq Inka Yupanki. 1594–1597. Rediscovered by the Spanish.
|
North,
Canada (
Hudson Bay)
|
1574–1631
|
Henry Hudson
|
North
|
1594–1597
|
Willem Barents
|
Siberia and Pacific coast
|
1649–1641
|
Ivan Yuryevich Moskvitin
|
Oceania
|
1642–1643
|
Abel Tasman
|
Brazil (circumnavigation), Paraguay, Bolivia and Peru. Connected the
River Plate Basin to the
Andes and to the mouth of the
Amazon River.
|
1648–1651
|
António Raposo Tavares
|
Oceania
|
1768–1779
|
James Cook
|
North
Pacific, western
Alaska, Far East Eurasian Coast
|
1771
|
Moric Benovsky
|
Hawaiian Islands
|
By c. 800
|
Hawaiʻiloa (mythical)
|
Central America and
Latin America
|
1799–1803
|
Alexander von Humboldt
|
Northwest Plateau of North America
|
1804–1806
|
Lewis and Clark Expedition
|
The
North Magnetic Pole
|
1831-06-01
|
James Clark Ross
|
Australia
|
c. 1640
|
Makassar People before. Explored by Abel Tasman.
|
Interior of Africa
|
1851–1873
|
David Livingstone
|
The
Burke and Wills expedition (Central Australia)
|
1860–1861
|
Robert O'Hara Burke and
William John Wills
|
Exploration of the Zambeze river region, Central Africa, Angola, Mozambique, Zambia, Zaire
|
1877
|
Serpa Pinto
|
The
Northern Sea Route
|
1878
|
Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld
|
The
South Magnetic Pole
|
January 16, 1909
|
Douglas Mawson,
Edgeworth David, and
Alistair Mackay
|
The
North Pole
|
April 6, 1909
|
Robert Peary
|
The
South Pole
|
December 14, 1911
|
Roald Amundsen
|
The
South Pole
|
January 17, 1912
|
Robert Falcon Scott
|
Mount Everest summit
|
May 29, 1953
|
Sir
Edmund Hillary and
Tenzing Norgay
|
The
Moon
|
July 20, 1969
|
Neil Armstrong,
Michael Collins, and
Buzz Aldrin (
Apollo 11)
|
Mars
|
1960–present
|
NASA and other
space agency exploration robots
|