Kamakã | |
---|---|
Kamakanan | |
Geographic distribution | Bahía, Brazil |
Linguistic classification |
Macro-Jê
|
Glottolog | kama1371 |
The Kamakã languages are a small family of extinct Macro-Jê languages of Bahía, northeastern Brazil. The attested Kamakã languages are:
Below is a full list of Kamakã languages and dialects listed by Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties. [1]
Camacán (Kamakán) varieties listed by Mason (1950): [2]
Internal classification of the Kamakã languages by Martins (2007): [3]
Masakará is the most divergent language.
Internal classification of the Kamakã languages according to Ramirez, et al. (2015): [4]
Internal classification of the Kamakã languages according to Nikulin (2020): [5]
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items. [1]
gloss | Kamakan | Mangaló | Menien | Kutasho | Masacará |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
head | heró | hero | inro | heró | axaró |
eye | an-kedó | kedó | im-gutó | kithó | gätxt |
tooth | txó | dió | yo | dió | thüó |
foot | wadé | uadä | hoata | huaxtö | |
water | d san | sa | sa | sin | tsyin |
fire | yakó | diaxka | yarú | tiakíl | guxá |
star | pʔiong | péo | pinia | pião | pinatsö |
maize | hikamhi | kesho | kshó | kethió | käxü |
jaguar | yakoe-dere | yaké-deré | kukiamú | tiuké-hiá | yakveo |
black | kohada | koaxéda | kuatá | tá | koeixtá |
Proto-Kamakã | |
---|---|
Reconstruction of | Kamakã languages |
Reconstructed ancestors |
Proto-Kamakã reconstructions by Martins (2007): [3]
Portuguese gloss (original) |
English gloss (translated) |
Proto-Kamakã |
---|---|---|
água | water | *tsã |
andar | to walk | *mã |
anta | tapir | *here |
arara | macaw | *tʃoke |
arco | bow | *kwã |
árvore | tree | *hi |
banana | banana | *tako |
beber | to drink | *ka |
beber (água) | to drink (water) | *tsã-ka |
belo | beautiful | *tʃoho |
boca | mouth | *eriko |
branco | white | *kVhVro |
cabeça | head | *hero |
cabelo | hair | *ke |
carne | meat | *kohoaja |
casa | house | *toa |
chuva | rain | *tsã |
comer | to eat | *jukwa |
dente | tooth | *tʃo |
dormir | to sleep | *hondõ |
esp. de banana | banana sp. | *tako |
estrela | star | *pio |
faca | knife | *ketʃa, *ketja |
feijão | bean | *kinja |
filha | daughter | *kiaxrará |
filha, filho | daughter, son | *krani |
filho | son | *ketje |
flecha | arrow | *hwaj, *waj |
fogo | fire | *tʃakɨ, *tjakɨ |
irmã | sister | *tʃakarata, *jak(a)ratã |
lua | moon | *hetʃe, *hedje |
macaco | monkey | *kaũ |
machado | axe | *kedo |
madeira | wood | *hi)-ta |
mandioca | manioc | *kajɨ |
mão | hand | *ker |
menino | boy | *kwanĩ |
milho | maize | *ketʃo |
milho | maize | *ketjo |
muito | very | *hie-hie |
nariz | nose | *niniko |
olho | eye | *keto |
onça ( Felis onça) | jaguar ( Felis) | *jake |
orelha | ear | *nikoka |
pai | father | *kehentã |
papagaio | parrot | *karaj |
pássaro | bird | *tʃano |
pequeno | small | *(V)ta |
preto, negro | black | *kwahda, *kwaxda |
quati | coati | *pitako |
Kamakã | |
---|---|
Kamakanan | |
Geographic distribution | Bahía, Brazil |
Linguistic classification |
Macro-Jê
|
Glottolog | kama1371 |
The Kamakã languages are a small family of extinct Macro-Jê languages of Bahía, northeastern Brazil. The attested Kamakã languages are:
Below is a full list of Kamakã languages and dialects listed by Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties. [1]
Camacán (Kamakán) varieties listed by Mason (1950): [2]
Internal classification of the Kamakã languages by Martins (2007): [3]
Masakará is the most divergent language.
Internal classification of the Kamakã languages according to Ramirez, et al. (2015): [4]
Internal classification of the Kamakã languages according to Nikulin (2020): [5]
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items. [1]
gloss | Kamakan | Mangaló | Menien | Kutasho | Masacará |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
head | heró | hero | inro | heró | axaró |
eye | an-kedó | kedó | im-gutó | kithó | gätxt |
tooth | txó | dió | yo | dió | thüó |
foot | wadé | uadä | hoata | huaxtö | |
water | d san | sa | sa | sin | tsyin |
fire | yakó | diaxka | yarú | tiakíl | guxá |
star | pʔiong | péo | pinia | pião | pinatsö |
maize | hikamhi | kesho | kshó | kethió | käxü |
jaguar | yakoe-dere | yaké-deré | kukiamú | tiuké-hiá | yakveo |
black | kohada | koaxéda | kuatá | tá | koeixtá |
Proto-Kamakã | |
---|---|
Reconstruction of | Kamakã languages |
Reconstructed ancestors |
Proto-Kamakã reconstructions by Martins (2007): [3]
Portuguese gloss (original) |
English gloss (translated) |
Proto-Kamakã |
---|---|---|
água | water | *tsã |
andar | to walk | *mã |
anta | tapir | *here |
arara | macaw | *tʃoke |
arco | bow | *kwã |
árvore | tree | *hi |
banana | banana | *tako |
beber | to drink | *ka |
beber (água) | to drink (water) | *tsã-ka |
belo | beautiful | *tʃoho |
boca | mouth | *eriko |
branco | white | *kVhVro |
cabeça | head | *hero |
cabelo | hair | *ke |
carne | meat | *kohoaja |
casa | house | *toa |
chuva | rain | *tsã |
comer | to eat | *jukwa |
dente | tooth | *tʃo |
dormir | to sleep | *hondõ |
esp. de banana | banana sp. | *tako |
estrela | star | *pio |
faca | knife | *ketʃa, *ketja |
feijão | bean | *kinja |
filha | daughter | *kiaxrará |
filha, filho | daughter, son | *krani |
filho | son | *ketje |
flecha | arrow | *hwaj, *waj |
fogo | fire | *tʃakɨ, *tjakɨ |
irmã | sister | *tʃakarata, *jak(a)ratã |
lua | moon | *hetʃe, *hedje |
macaco | monkey | *kaũ |
machado | axe | *kedo |
madeira | wood | *hi)-ta |
mandioca | manioc | *kajɨ |
mão | hand | *ker |
menino | boy | *kwanĩ |
milho | maize | *ketʃo |
milho | maize | *ketjo |
muito | very | *hie-hie |
nariz | nose | *niniko |
olho | eye | *keto |
onça ( Felis onça) | jaguar ( Felis) | *jake |
orelha | ear | *nikoka |
pai | father | *kehentã |
papagaio | parrot | *karaj |
pássaro | bird | *tʃano |
pequeno | small | *(V)ta |
preto, negro | black | *kwahda, *kwaxda |
quati | coati | *pitako |