Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce and Navigation | |
---|---|
Drafted | 1882 |
Signed | 22 May 1882[1] |
Location | Chemulpo, Korea |
Effective | 19 May 1883 |
Expiration | 29 August 1910 |
Signatories | |
Parties | |
Languages | English and Korean |
A Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce and Navigation [2] ( Korean: 쥰¡미ěí¸íľě쥰ě˝, Hanja: ćçžäżŽĺĽ˝éĺć˘ç´), also known as the Shufeldt Treaty, was negotiated between representatives of the United States and Korea in 1882. [3] [4]
The treaty was written in English and Hanja, [5] with the final draft being accepted at Chemulpo (present day Incheon) near the Korean capital of Hanseong (now Seoul) in April and May 1884. [6] It was Korea's first treaty with a western nation. [7] After the United States signed the TaftâKatsura agreement, the intervention clause was neglected.
In 1876, Korea established a trade treaty with Japan after Japanese ships approached Ganghwado and threatened to fire on the Korean capital city. Treaty negotiations with the U.S. and with several European countries were made possible by the completion of this initial Japanese overture. [8]
Negotiations with Qing were a significant feature of the process which resulted in this treaty. [9] The Chinese played a significant role in the treaty negotiation, although Korea was an independent country at the time, which was explicitly mentioned in the treaty. [7]
The United States and Korea negotiated and approved a 14 article treaty. The treaty established mutual friendship and mutual assistance in case of attack; and the treaty also addressed such specific matters as extraterritorial rights for U.S. citizens in Korea and most favored nation trade status. [2] [10]
The treaty encompasses a range of subjects.
There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between the President of the United States and the King of Joseon and the citizens and subjects of their respective Governments. If other powers deal unjustly or oppressively with either Government, the other will exert their good offices on being informed of the case to bring about an amicable arrangement, thus showing their friendly feelings. [10]
The treaty remained in effect until the annexation of Korea in 1910.
Joseon sent a diplomatic mission to the U.S. in 1883, marking the first ever such official visit to America by Koreans. [11] The U.S. treaty established a template which was explicitly modeled in treaties with European nations — Germany in 1883, Russia and Italy in 1884, France in 1886, and others as well. [12]
The treaty remained in effect even after the Japanese protectorate was established in 1905, [13] but ended with the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910.
The United States and the Kingdom of Choson (Korea) engaged in their first official diplomatic interaction on May 22, 1882, when representatives of the two states signed a treaty of amity and commerce at Chemulpo, Korea. The treaty had been negotiated with the assistance of Chinese officials, since China had for many years had influence in Korea's foreign affairs due to a historical tributary relationship between the two countries. In fact, Korea was an independent state and this fact was acknowledged in the treaty. It was the first treaty Korea signed with a Western nation.
Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce and Navigation | |
---|---|
Drafted | 1882 |
Signed | 22 May 1882[1] |
Location | Chemulpo, Korea |
Effective | 19 May 1883 |
Expiration | 29 August 1910 |
Signatories | |
Parties | |
Languages | English and Korean |
A Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce and Navigation [2] ( Korean: 쥰¡미ěí¸íľě쥰ě˝, Hanja: ćçžäżŽĺĽ˝éĺć˘ç´), also known as the Shufeldt Treaty, was negotiated between representatives of the United States and Korea in 1882. [3] [4]
The treaty was written in English and Hanja, [5] with the final draft being accepted at Chemulpo (present day Incheon) near the Korean capital of Hanseong (now Seoul) in April and May 1884. [6] It was Korea's first treaty with a western nation. [7] After the United States signed the TaftâKatsura agreement, the intervention clause was neglected.
In 1876, Korea established a trade treaty with Japan after Japanese ships approached Ganghwado and threatened to fire on the Korean capital city. Treaty negotiations with the U.S. and with several European countries were made possible by the completion of this initial Japanese overture. [8]
Negotiations with Qing were a significant feature of the process which resulted in this treaty. [9] The Chinese played a significant role in the treaty negotiation, although Korea was an independent country at the time, which was explicitly mentioned in the treaty. [7]
The United States and Korea negotiated and approved a 14 article treaty. The treaty established mutual friendship and mutual assistance in case of attack; and the treaty also addressed such specific matters as extraterritorial rights for U.S. citizens in Korea and most favored nation trade status. [2] [10]
The treaty encompasses a range of subjects.
There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between the President of the United States and the King of Joseon and the citizens and subjects of their respective Governments. If other powers deal unjustly or oppressively with either Government, the other will exert their good offices on being informed of the case to bring about an amicable arrangement, thus showing their friendly feelings. [10]
The treaty remained in effect until the annexation of Korea in 1910.
Joseon sent a diplomatic mission to the U.S. in 1883, marking the first ever such official visit to America by Koreans. [11] The U.S. treaty established a template which was explicitly modeled in treaties with European nations — Germany in 1883, Russia and Italy in 1884, France in 1886, and others as well. [12]
The treaty remained in effect even after the Japanese protectorate was established in 1905, [13] but ended with the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910.
The United States and the Kingdom of Choson (Korea) engaged in their first official diplomatic interaction on May 22, 1882, when representatives of the two states signed a treaty of amity and commerce at Chemulpo, Korea. The treaty had been negotiated with the assistance of Chinese officials, since China had for many years had influence in Korea's foreign affairs due to a historical tributary relationship between the two countries. In fact, Korea was an independent state and this fact was acknowledged in the treaty. It was the first treaty Korea signed with a Western nation.