The hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis (HPS axis), or hypothalamic–pituitary–somatic axis, also known as the hypothalamic–pituitary–growth axis, is a hypothalamic–pituitary axis which includes the secretion of growth hormone (GH; somatotropin) from the somatotropes of the pituitary gland into the circulation and the subsequent stimulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; somatomedin-1) production by GH in tissues such as, namely, the liver. [1] [2] [3] Other hypothalamic–pituitary hormones such as growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH; somatocrinin), growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH; somatostatin), and ghrelin ( GHS) are involved in the control of GH secretion from the pituitary gland. [1] The HPS axis is involved in postnatal human growth. [1] Individuals with growth hormone deficiency or Laron syndrome ( GHR insensitivity) show symptoms like short stature, dwarfism and obesity, but are also protected from some forms of cancer. [4] [5] Conversely, acromegaly and gigantism are conditions of GH and IGF-1 excess usually due to a pituitary tumor, and are characterized by overgrowth and tall stature. [6] [7]
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The hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis (HPS axis), or hypothalamic–pituitary–somatic axis, also known as the hypothalamic–pituitary–growth axis, is a hypothalamic–pituitary axis which includes the secretion of growth hormone (GH; somatotropin) from the somatotropes of the pituitary gland into the circulation and the subsequent stimulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; somatomedin-1) production by GH in tissues such as, namely, the liver. [1] [2] [3] Other hypothalamic–pituitary hormones such as growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH; somatocrinin), growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH; somatostatin), and ghrelin ( GHS) are involved in the control of GH secretion from the pituitary gland. [1] The HPS axis is involved in postnatal human growth. [1] Individuals with growth hormone deficiency or Laron syndrome ( GHR insensitivity) show symptoms like short stature, dwarfism and obesity, but are also protected from some forms of cancer. [4] [5] Conversely, acromegaly and gigantism are conditions of GH and IGF-1 excess usually due to a pituitary tumor, and are characterized by overgrowth and tall stature. [6] [7]
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