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Fermium (100Fm) is a synthetic element, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first isotope to be discovered (in fallout from nuclear testing) was 255Fm in 1952. 250Fm was independently synthesized shortly after the discovery of 255Fm. There are 20 known radioisotopes ranging in atomic mass from 241Fm to 260Fm (260Fm is unconfirmed), and 4 nuclear isomers, 247mFm, 250mFm, 251mFm, and 253mFm. The longest-lived isotope is 257Fm with a half-life of 100.5 days, and the longest-lived isomer is 247mFm with a half-life of 5.1 seconds.
Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N |
Isotopic mass (
Da) [n 2] [n 3] |
Half-life |
Decay mode [n 4] |
Daughter isotope |
Spin and parity [n 5] [n 6] | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy | |||||||||||||||||||
241Fm | 100 | 141 | 241.07421(32)# | 730(60) μs | SF | (various) | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
α (<14%) | 237Cf | ||||||||||||||||||
242Fm | 100 | 142 | 242.07343(43)# | <4 μs [2] | SF | (various) | 0+ | ||||||||||||
243Fm [3] | 100 | 143 | 243.07447(23)# | 231(9) ms | α (91%) | 239Cf | (7/2−) | ||||||||||||
SF (9%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
β+ (<10%) | 243Es | ||||||||||||||||||
244Fm [2] | 100 | 144 | 244.07404(22)# | 3.12(8) ms | SF | (various) | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (<1%) | 240Cf | ||||||||||||||||||
245Fm [4] | 100 | 145 | 245.07535(21)# | 5.5(7) s | α (88.5%) | 241Cf | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||
β+ (11.5%) | 245Es | ||||||||||||||||||
SF (<0.3%) [3] | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
246Fm [5] | 100 | 146 | 246.075350(17) | 1.54(4) s | α (93.2%) | 242Cf | 0+ | ||||||||||||
SF (6.8%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
β+ (<1.3%) | 246Es | ||||||||||||||||||
247Fm [6] | 100 | 147 | 247.07695(12)# | 31(1) s | α (64%) | 243Cf | (7/2+) | ||||||||||||
β+ (36%) | 247Es | ||||||||||||||||||
247mFm | 45(7) keV | 5.1(2) s | α (88%) | 243Cf | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||||
IT (12%) | 247Fm | ||||||||||||||||||
β+? | 247Es | ||||||||||||||||||
248Fm | 100 | 148 | 248.077186(9) | 35.1(8) s | α (93%) | 244Cf | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (7%) | 248Es | ||||||||||||||||||
SF (.10%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
249Fm | 100 | 149 | 249.078928(7) | 1.6(1) min | β+ (84.4%) | 249Es | (7/2+) | ||||||||||||
α (15.6%) [7] | 245Cf | ||||||||||||||||||
250Fm | 100 | 150 | 250.079521(9) | 30.4(15) min | α (90%) | 246Cf | 0+ | ||||||||||||
EC (10%) | 250Es | ||||||||||||||||||
SF (6.9×10−3%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
250mFm | 1199.2(10) keV | 1.92(5) s | IT | 250Fm | (8−) | ||||||||||||||
251Fm | 100 | 151 | 251.081540(16) | 5.30(8) h | β+ (98.2%) | 251Es | (9/2−) | ||||||||||||
α (1.8%) | 247Cf | ||||||||||||||||||
251mFm | 200.09(11) keV | 21.1(16) μs | IT | 251Fm | (5/2+) | ||||||||||||||
252Fm | 100 | 152 | 252.082467(6) | 25.39(4) h | α (99.99%) [n 7] | 248Cf | 0+ | ||||||||||||
SF (.0023%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
253Fm | 100 | 153 | 253.085185(4) | 3.00(12) d | EC (88%) | 253Es | (1/2)+ | ||||||||||||
α (12%) | 249Cf | ||||||||||||||||||
253mFm [8] | ~351 keV | 0.56(6) μs | IT | 253Fm | (11/2-) | ||||||||||||||
254Fm | 100 | 154 | 254.0868544(30) | 3.240(2) h | α (99.94%) | 250Cf | 0+ | ||||||||||||
SF (.0592%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
255Fm | 100 | 155 | 255.089964(5) | 20.07(7) h | α | 251Cf | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||
SF (2.4×10−5%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
256Fm | 100 | 156 | 256.091774(8) | 157.6(13) min | SF (91.9%) | (various) | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (8.1%) | 252Cf | ||||||||||||||||||
257Fm [n 8] | 100 | 157 | 257.095106(7) | 100.5(2) d | α (99.79%) | 253Cf | (9/2+) | ||||||||||||
SF (.21%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
258Fm | 100 | 158 | 258.09708(22)# | 370(14) μs | SF | (various) | 0+ | ||||||||||||
259Fm | 100 | 159 | 259.1006(3)# | 1.5(3) s | SF | (various) | 3/2+# | ||||||||||||
260Fm [n 9] [n 10] | 100 | 160 | 260.10281(55)# | 4 ms | SF | (various) | 0+ | ||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
EC: | Electron capture |
IT: | Isomeric transition |
SF: | Spontaneous fission |
Isotope | Discovered | Reaction |
---|---|---|
241Fm | 2008 | 204Pb(40Ar,3n) |
242Fm | 1975 | 204Pb(40Ar,2n), 206Pb(40Ar,4n) |
243Fm | 1981 | 206Pb(40Ar,3n) |
244Fm | 1967 | 233U(16O,5n) |
245Fm | 1967 | 233U(16O,4n) |
246Fm | 1966 | 235U(16O,5n) |
247Fm | 1967 | 239Pu(12C,4n) |
248Fm | 1958 | 240Pu(12C,4n) |
249Fm | 1960 | 238U(16O,5n) |
250Fm | 1954 | 238U(16O,4n) |
251Fm | 1957 | 249Cf(α,2n) |
252Fm | 1956 | 249Cf(α,n) |
253Fm | 1957 | 252Cf(α,3n) |
254Fm | 1954 | Neutron capture |
255Fm | 1954 | Neutron capture |
256Fm | 1955 | Neutron capture |
257Fm | 1964 | Neutron capture |
258Fm | 1971 | 257Fm(d,p) |
259Fm | 1980 | 257Fm(t,p) |
260Fm? | 1992? | 254Es+18O, 22Ne — transfer (EC of 260Md) |
260Fm was not confirmed in 1997.
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Fermium (100Fm) is a synthetic element, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first isotope to be discovered (in fallout from nuclear testing) was 255Fm in 1952. 250Fm was independently synthesized shortly after the discovery of 255Fm. There are 20 known radioisotopes ranging in atomic mass from 241Fm to 260Fm (260Fm is unconfirmed), and 4 nuclear isomers, 247mFm, 250mFm, 251mFm, and 253mFm. The longest-lived isotope is 257Fm with a half-life of 100.5 days, and the longest-lived isomer is 247mFm with a half-life of 5.1 seconds.
Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N |
Isotopic mass (
Da) [n 2] [n 3] |
Half-life |
Decay mode [n 4] |
Daughter isotope |
Spin and parity [n 5] [n 6] | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy | |||||||||||||||||||
241Fm | 100 | 141 | 241.07421(32)# | 730(60) μs | SF | (various) | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
α (<14%) | 237Cf | ||||||||||||||||||
242Fm | 100 | 142 | 242.07343(43)# | <4 μs [2] | SF | (various) | 0+ | ||||||||||||
243Fm [3] | 100 | 143 | 243.07447(23)# | 231(9) ms | α (91%) | 239Cf | (7/2−) | ||||||||||||
SF (9%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
β+ (<10%) | 243Es | ||||||||||||||||||
244Fm [2] | 100 | 144 | 244.07404(22)# | 3.12(8) ms | SF | (various) | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (<1%) | 240Cf | ||||||||||||||||||
245Fm [4] | 100 | 145 | 245.07535(21)# | 5.5(7) s | α (88.5%) | 241Cf | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||
β+ (11.5%) | 245Es | ||||||||||||||||||
SF (<0.3%) [3] | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
246Fm [5] | 100 | 146 | 246.075350(17) | 1.54(4) s | α (93.2%) | 242Cf | 0+ | ||||||||||||
SF (6.8%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
β+ (<1.3%) | 246Es | ||||||||||||||||||
247Fm [6] | 100 | 147 | 247.07695(12)# | 31(1) s | α (64%) | 243Cf | (7/2+) | ||||||||||||
β+ (36%) | 247Es | ||||||||||||||||||
247mFm | 45(7) keV | 5.1(2) s | α (88%) | 243Cf | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||||
IT (12%) | 247Fm | ||||||||||||||||||
β+? | 247Es | ||||||||||||||||||
248Fm | 100 | 148 | 248.077186(9) | 35.1(8) s | α (93%) | 244Cf | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (7%) | 248Es | ||||||||||||||||||
SF (.10%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
249Fm | 100 | 149 | 249.078928(7) | 1.6(1) min | β+ (84.4%) | 249Es | (7/2+) | ||||||||||||
α (15.6%) [7] | 245Cf | ||||||||||||||||||
250Fm | 100 | 150 | 250.079521(9) | 30.4(15) min | α (90%) | 246Cf | 0+ | ||||||||||||
EC (10%) | 250Es | ||||||||||||||||||
SF (6.9×10−3%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
250mFm | 1199.2(10) keV | 1.92(5) s | IT | 250Fm | (8−) | ||||||||||||||
251Fm | 100 | 151 | 251.081540(16) | 5.30(8) h | β+ (98.2%) | 251Es | (9/2−) | ||||||||||||
α (1.8%) | 247Cf | ||||||||||||||||||
251mFm | 200.09(11) keV | 21.1(16) μs | IT | 251Fm | (5/2+) | ||||||||||||||
252Fm | 100 | 152 | 252.082467(6) | 25.39(4) h | α (99.99%) [n 7] | 248Cf | 0+ | ||||||||||||
SF (.0023%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
253Fm | 100 | 153 | 253.085185(4) | 3.00(12) d | EC (88%) | 253Es | (1/2)+ | ||||||||||||
α (12%) | 249Cf | ||||||||||||||||||
253mFm [8] | ~351 keV | 0.56(6) μs | IT | 253Fm | (11/2-) | ||||||||||||||
254Fm | 100 | 154 | 254.0868544(30) | 3.240(2) h | α (99.94%) | 250Cf | 0+ | ||||||||||||
SF (.0592%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
255Fm | 100 | 155 | 255.089964(5) | 20.07(7) h | α | 251Cf | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||
SF (2.4×10−5%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
256Fm | 100 | 156 | 256.091774(8) | 157.6(13) min | SF (91.9%) | (various) | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (8.1%) | 252Cf | ||||||||||||||||||
257Fm [n 8] | 100 | 157 | 257.095106(7) | 100.5(2) d | α (99.79%) | 253Cf | (9/2+) | ||||||||||||
SF (.21%) | (various) | ||||||||||||||||||
258Fm | 100 | 158 | 258.09708(22)# | 370(14) μs | SF | (various) | 0+ | ||||||||||||
259Fm | 100 | 159 | 259.1006(3)# | 1.5(3) s | SF | (various) | 3/2+# | ||||||||||||
260Fm [n 9] [n 10] | 100 | 160 | 260.10281(55)# | 4 ms | SF | (various) | 0+ | ||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
EC: | Electron capture |
IT: | Isomeric transition |
SF: | Spontaneous fission |
Isotope | Discovered | Reaction |
---|---|---|
241Fm | 2008 | 204Pb(40Ar,3n) |
242Fm | 1975 | 204Pb(40Ar,2n), 206Pb(40Ar,4n) |
243Fm | 1981 | 206Pb(40Ar,3n) |
244Fm | 1967 | 233U(16O,5n) |
245Fm | 1967 | 233U(16O,4n) |
246Fm | 1966 | 235U(16O,5n) |
247Fm | 1967 | 239Pu(12C,4n) |
248Fm | 1958 | 240Pu(12C,4n) |
249Fm | 1960 | 238U(16O,5n) |
250Fm | 1954 | 238U(16O,4n) |
251Fm | 1957 | 249Cf(α,2n) |
252Fm | 1956 | 249Cf(α,n) |
253Fm | 1957 | 252Cf(α,3n) |
254Fm | 1954 | Neutron capture |
255Fm | 1954 | Neutron capture |
256Fm | 1955 | Neutron capture |
257Fm | 1964 | Neutron capture |
258Fm | 1971 | 257Fm(d,p) |
259Fm | 1980 | 257Fm(t,p) |
260Fm? | 1992? | 254Es+18O, 22Ne — transfer (EC of 260Md) |
260Fm was not confirmed in 1997.