This is a list of weather records, a list of the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Many weather records are measured under specific conditions—such as surface temperature and wind speed—to keep consistency among measurements around the Earth. Each of these records is understood to be the record value officially observed, as these records may have been exceeded before modern weather instrumentation was invented, or in remote areas without an official weather station. This list does not include remotely sensed observations such as satellite measurements, since those values are not considered official records. [2]
The standard measuring conditions for temperature are in the air, 1.25 metres (4.1 ft) to 2.00 metres (6.6 ft) above the ground, [5] and shielded from direct sunlight intensity (hence the term x degrees "in the shade"). [6] The following lists include all officially confirmed claims measured by those methods.
Temperatures measured directly on the ground may exceed air temperatures by 30 to 50 °C (54 to 90 °F). [6] The highest natural ground surface temperature ever recorded may have been an alleged reading of 93.9 °C (201.0 °F) at Furnace Creek, California, United States, on 15 July 1972. [7] In 2011, a ground temperature of 84 °C (183.2 °F) was recorded in Port Sudan, Sudan. [8] The theoretical maximum possible ground surface temperature has been estimated to be between 90 and 100 °C (194 and 212 °F) for dry, darkish soils of low thermal conductivity. [9]
Satellite measurements of ground temperature taken between 2003 and 2009, taken with the MODIS infrared spectroradiometer on the Aqua satellite, found a maximum temperature of 70.7 °C (159.3 °F), which was recorded in 2005 in the Lut Desert, Iran. The Lut Desert was also found to have the highest maximum temperature in five of the seven years measured (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2009). These measurements reflect averages over a large region and so are lower than the maximum point surface temperature. [6]
Satellite measurements of the surface temperature of Antarctica, taken between 1982 and 2013, found a coldest temperature of −93.2 °C (−135.8 °F) on 10 August 2010, at 81°48′S 59°18′E / 81.8°S 59.3°E. Although this is not comparable to an air temperature, it is believed that the air temperature at this location would have been lower than the official record lowest air temperature of −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). [10] [11]
According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the highest temperature ever recorded was 56.7 °C (134.1 °F) on 10 July 1913 in Furnace Creek (Greenland Ranch), California, United States, [12] but the validity of this record is challenged as possible problems with the reading have since been discovered. Christopher C. Burt, a weather historian writing for Weather Underground, believes that the 1913 Death Valley reading is "a myth", and is at least 2.2 or 2.8 °C (4 or 5 °F) too high. [13] Burt proposes that the highest reliably recorded temperature on Earth could still be at Death Valley, but is instead 54.0 °C (129.2 °F) recorded on 30 June 2013. [14] This is lower than a 1931 record of 55 °C (131 °F) recorded in Kebili, Tunisia [15] and is matched by a 1942 record of 54 °C (129 °F) from Tirat Zvi, Israel. [16] 2016 and 2017 readings in Kuwait and Iran have also matched the 2013 Death Valley record, while readings in 2020 and 2021 also at Furnace Creek went even higher, up to 54.4 °C (129.9 °F), however, they have not yet been validated by WMO. [17] The WMO has stated they stand by the 1913 record pending any future investigations.
The former highest official temperature on Earth, 57.8 °C (136.0 °F), measured in ʽAziziya, Libya on 13 September 1922, was reassessed in July 2012 by the WMO which published a report that invalidated the record. [15] There have been other unconfirmed reports of high temperatures, but these temperatures have never been officially validated by national weather services/WMO, and are currently considered to have been recorder's errors, [18] thus not being recognised as world records. [19]
The warmest day on record for the entire planet was 6 July 2023, when the highest global average temperature was recorded at 17.08 °C (62.74 °F). [20] The month of July 2023 was the hottest month on record globally. [21] September 2023 was the most anomalously warm month, averaging 1.8 degrees Celsius above the preindustrial average.
Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Algeria | 51.3 °C (124.3 °F) | Ouargla, Ouargla Province | 5 July 2018 [22] |
Botswana | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Maun | 7 January 2016 [23] [24] |
Burkina Faso | 47.2 °C (117.0 °F) | Dori | 1984 [25] |
Chad | 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) | Faya-Largeau | 25 May 2023 [26] |
Comoros | 36.0 °C (96.8 °F) | Hahaya International Airport | 15 November 2017 [27] |
Egypt | 51.0 °C (123.8 °F) | Aswan | 4 July 1918 [28][ better source needed] |
Eswatini (Swaziland) | 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Lavumisa | ? [29] |
Gambia | 49.0 °C (120.2 °F) | Jenoi | 2001 [30] |
Ghana | 43.8 °C (110.8 °F) | Navrongo | 26 March 2017 [27] |
Guinea | 45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Koundara, Boké Region | 29 March 2017 [27] |
Guyana | 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) | Ebini | 26 September 2023 [31] |
Madagascar | 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) | Ejeda, Atsimo-Andrefana | ? [32] |
Morocco | 50.4 °C (122.7 °F) | Agadir ( Inezgane Airport) | 11 August 2023 [33] |
Niger | 49.5 °C (121.1 °F) | Diffa | 7 September 1978 [34] |
Nigeria | 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) | Yola | 3 April 2010[ citation needed] |
Réunion | 36.9 °C (98.4 °F) | Le Port | 6 March 2004 [35] |
South Africa (then the Union of South Africa) | 50.0 °C (122.0 °F) | Dunbrody, Eastern Cape | 3 November 1918 [36] [note 1] |
Sudan | 49.7 °C (121.5 °F) | Dongola | 25 June 2010 [26] |
Tunisia | 50.3 °C (122.5 °F) | Kairouan | 11 August 2021 [38] [note 2] |
Zambia | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Mfuwe, Eastern Province | 13 October 2010 [26] |
Antarctica | 19.8 °C (67.6 °F) | Signy Research Station, Signy Island | 30 January 1982 [40] |
Abkhazia | 37.0 °C (98.6 °F) | Sukhumi | ? |
Afghanistan (then, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan) | 49.9 °C (121.8 °F) | Farah | August 2009 [41] |
Bangladesh | 45.1 °C (113.2 °F) | Rajshahi | 30 May 1972 [42] |
Bhutan | 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) | Phuentsholing | 27 August 1997 [43] |
Cambodia | 42.6 °C (108.7 °F) | Preah Vihear | 15 April 2016 [44] |
China | 52.2 °C (126.0 °F) | Sanbao Township, Turpan, Xinjiang | 16 July 2023 [45] |
Hong Kong | 39.0 °C (102.2 °F) | Sheung Shui | 24 July 2022 [46] |
India | 51.0 °C (123.8 °F) | Phalodi, Rajasthan | 19 May 2016 [47] [48] |
Indonesia | 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) | Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan | 16 August 1997 [49] [50] |
Iran | 54.0 °C (129.2 °F) | Ahvaz Airport (OIAW) | 29 June 2017 [51] |
Iraq | 53.9 °C (129.0 °F) | Basra | 22 July 2016 [52] [53] |
Israel (then Mandatory Palestine) | 51.2 °C (124.2 °F) | Qalya | 22 June 1942 [54] |
Japan | 41.1 °C (106.0 °F) |
Kumagaya,
Saitama Hamamatsu, Shizuoka |
23 July 2018
[55]
[56] 17 August 2020 [56] |
Jordan | 50.0 °C (122.0 °F) | Jordan University Agriculture Research Center | 6 September 2002 [57] |
Kazakhstan | 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) | Turkistan | ? [58] |
Kuwait | 54.0 °C (129.2 °F) | Mitribah, Al Jahra Governorate | 21 July 2016 [59] [note 3] |
Kyrgyzstan | 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) | Jangy-Jer | July 1944 [60] |
Laos | 43.5 °C (110.3 °F) | Luang Prabang | 6 May 2023 [61] |
Lebanon |
44.3 °C (111.7 °F) |
Houche Al Oumara | September 2020 [62] |
Macau | 39.0 °C (102.2 °F) | Coloane | 22 August 2017 [27] |
Malaysia | 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) | Chuping | 9 April 1998 [63] |
Maldives | 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) | Hanimaadhoo | 16 April 2016 [44] |
Mongolia | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Khongor, Darkhan-Uul Province | 24 July 1999 [64] |
Myanmar | 47.2 °C (117.0 °F) | Myinmu | 14 May 2010 [65] [66] |
Nepal | 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) | Ataria | 16 June 1995 [67] |
Oman | 51.6 °C (124.9 °F) | Joba | 16 June 2021 [68] |
Pakistan | 53.7 °C (128.7 °F) |
Mohenjo-daro Turbat |
26 May 2010
[69] 28 May 2017 [59] |
Philippines (first recorded under the Insular Government) | 42.2 °C (108.0 °F) | Tuguegarao, Cagayan Valley | 12 April 1912 11 May 1969 [70] |
Qatar | 50.4 °C (122.7 °F) | Doha | 14 July 2010 [26] |
Saudi Arabia | 52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | Jeddah | 22 June 2010 [71] [26] |
Singapore | 37.0 °C (98.6 °F) |
Tengah Ang Mo Kio |
17 April 1983
[72] 13 May 2023 [73] |
South Korea | 41.0 °C (105.8 °F) | Hongcheon, Gangwon Province | 1 August 2018 [74] |
Sri Lanka | 39.8 °C (103.6 °F) | Trincomalee | 13 May 1890
[75] 11 April 2019 [76] |
Syria | 49.4 °C (120.9 °F) | Al-Hasakah | 30 July 2000 [77] [78] |
Taiwan | 41.6 °C (106.9 °F) | Fuyuan | 21 August 2022 [79] |
Tajikistan | 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) | Panji Poyon | ? [80] |
Thailand | 45.4 °C (113.7 °F) | Tak | 15 April 2023 [81] |
Turkey | 49.5 °C (121.1 °F) | Sarıcakaya, Eskişehir Province | 15 August 2023 [82] |
Turkmenistan (then the Turkmen SSR, Soviet Union) | 50.1 °C (122.2 °F) | Repetek Biosphere State Reserve, Karakum Desert | 28 July 1983 [83] [84] |
United Arab Emirates | 52.1 °C (125.8 °F) | Sweihan, Al Ain | July 2002 [85] [86] |
Vietnam | 44.2 °C (111.6 °F) |
Tương Dương District, Nghệ An Province |
7 May 2023 [87] |
Akrotiri and Dhekelia | 34.0 °C (93.2 °F) |
RAF Akrotiri, Dhekelia |
? [88] [89] |
Albania | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Kuçovë | 25 July 2023 [90] |
Andorra | 39.4 °C (102.9 °F) | Borda Vidal | 28 June 2019 [91] |
Armenia | 43.7 °C (110.7 °F) |
Meghri Yerevan |
1 August 2011
[92]
[93] 12 July 2018 [94] |
Austria | 40.5 °C (104.9 °F) | Bad Deutsch-Altenburg | 8 August 2013 [95] |
Azerbaijan | 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) | Julfa and Ordubad | 1 July 2018 |
Belarus | 38.9 °C (102.0 °F) | Gomel | 7 August 2010 [26] |
Belgium | 41.8 °C (107.2 °F) | Begijnendijk, Flemish Brabant [note 4] | 25 July 2019 [96] |
Bosnia and Herzegovina (then Austria–Hungary -occupied Bosnia Vilayet, Ottoman Empire) | 46.2 °C (115.2 °F) | Mostar | 31 July 1901 [97] [98] |
Bulgaria | 45.2 °C (113.4 °F) | Sadovo, Plovdiv Province | 5 August 1916 [99] |
Croatia (then the SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia) | 42.8 °C (109.0 °F) | Ploče | 5 August 1981 [100] |
Cyprus | 46.2 °C (115.2 °F) | Nicosia, Visitor Center Athalassa | 4 September 2020 [101] |
Czech Republic | 40.4 °C (104.7 °F) | Dobřichovice, Prague-West District | 20 August 2012 [102] |
Denmark | 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) | Holstebro, Midtjylland | 10 August 1975 [103] |
Estonia | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Võru | 11 August 1992 [104] |
Finland | 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) | Joensuu Airport, Liperi | 29 July 2010 [105] [26] |
France | 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) | Vérargues, Hérault | 28 June 2019 [98] |
Germany | 41.2 °C (106.2 °F) | Duisburg-Baerl, North Rhine-Westphalia and Tönisvorst, North Rhine-Westphalia [note 4] | 25 July 2019 [106] |
Greece | 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) | Elefsina, Attica | 10 July 1977 [107] |
Hungary | 41.9 °C (107.4 °F) | Kiskunhalas | 20 July 2007 [108] |
Iceland (then the Kingdom of Iceland) | 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) | Teigarhorn, Djúpivogur | 22 June 1939 [109] [110] |
Ireland (then part of the United Kingdom) | 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) | Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny | 26 June 1887 [111] |
Italy | 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) | Floridia, Sicily | 11 August 2021 [112] |
Latvia | 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) | Ventspils | 4 August 2014 [113] [114] |
Liechtenstein | 37.4 °C (99.3 °F) | Ruggell | 13 August 2003 [115] [116] |
Lithuania | 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) | Zarasai, Utena County | 30 July 1994 [117] |
Luxembourg | 40.8 °C (105.4 °F) | Steinsel, Luxembourg and Remich, Remich [note 4] | 25 July 2019 [118] [119] |
Malta | 43.8 °C (110.8 °F) | Malta International Airport | 9 August 1999 [120] [121] |
Moldova | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Fălești | 7 August 2012 [122] |
Monaco | 35.1 °C (95.2 °F) | Monaco | 20 July 2022 [123] |
Montenegro | 44.8 °C (112.6 °F) |
Podgorica Danilovgrad |
16 August 2007 8 August 2012 [124] |
Netherlands | 40.7 °C (105.3 °F) | Gilze en Rijen, North Brabant [note 4] [note 5] | 25 July 2019 [126] |
North Macedonia | 45.7 °C (114.3 °F) | Demir Kapija, Demir Kapija | 24 July 2007 [127] |
Norway | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Nesbyen, Buskerud | 20 June 1970 [128] |
Poland | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Prószków [note 6] | 29 July 1921 [130] |
Portugal | 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Amareleja, Beja | 1 August 2003 [131] |
Romania | 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) | Ion Sion, Brăila County | 10 August 1951 [132] |
Russia | 45.4 °C (113.7 °F) | Utta, Kalmykia | 12 July 2010 [133] |
San Marino | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Serravalle | 3 August 2017 9 August 2017 [27] |
Serbia | 44.9 °C (112.8 °F) | Smederevska Palanka, Podunavlje | 24 July 2007 [134] |
Slovakia | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Hurbanovo | 20 July 2007 [135] |
Slovenia | 40.8 °C (105.4 °F) | Cerklje ob Krki | 8 August 2013 [136] |
Spain | 47.6 °C (117.7 °F) | La Rambla, Cordoba (as La Rambla Privilegio) | 14 August 2021 [137] |
Sweden | 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) |
Ultuna,
Uppsala County Målilla, Kalmar County |
9 July 1933 29 June 1947 [138] |
Switzerland | 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Grono, Moesa District | 11 August 2003 [139] |
Ukraine | 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) | Luhansk | 12 August 2010 [140] [26] |
United Kingdom | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Coningsby, Lincolnshire | 19 July 2022 [141] |
Vatican City | 40.8 °C (105.4 °F) | Vatican City | 28 June 2022 [142] |
Anguilla | 34.2 °C (93.6 °F) | The Valley | 12 September 2015 [143] |
Antigua and Barbuda | 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) | V. C. Bird International Airport, St. John's | 12 August 1995 [144] [145] |
British Virgin Islands | 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) | Terrance B. Lettsome International Airport | 22 July 2016 [146] |
Canada | 49.6 °C (121.3 °F) | Lytton, British Columbia | 29 June 2021 [147] [148] [149] [150] [151] |
Cayman Islands | 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) | Owen Roberts International Airport, Grand Cayman | 21 August 2016 [146] |
Cuba | 39.7 °C (103.5 °F) | Veguitas ( Granma Province) | 12 April 2020 [152] |
Dominican Republic | 43.0 °C (109.4 °F) | Mao | 31 August 1954 [153] |
Greenland | 30.1 °C (86.2 °F) | Ivittuut | 23 June 1915 [154] [155] [156] |
Guatemala | 45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Estanzuela, Zacapa | 12 May 1998 [157] [158] |
Martinique | 36.5 °C (97.7 °F) | Saint-Pierre | 6 October 2010 [159] |
Mexico | 52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | Mexicali area | 28 July 1995 [160] [161] |
Panama | 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) | San Francisco | 20 March 1998 [162] |
Puerto Rico | 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) | Mona Island | 2 July 1996 [163] |
United States | 56.7 °C (134.0 °F) | Furnace Creek, Death Valley, California | 10 July 1913 [13] [164] [14] |
United States Virgin Islands | 37.2 °C (99 °F) |
Saint Thomas Cruz Bay |
4 August 1994 and 23 June 1996
[163] 31 July 1988 [163] |
Australia | 50.7 °C (123.3 °F) |
Oodnadatta,
South Australia Onslow, Western Australia |
2 January 1962
[165]
[166]
[167] 12 January 2022 [168] [169] [170] |
Marshall Islands | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Utirik Atoll | 24 August 2016 [146] |
Nauru | 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) | Yaren District | ?[ citation needed] |
New Zealand | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Rangiora, Canterbury | 7 February 1973 [171] |
Palau | 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) | Koror | 22 March 2018 [172] |
Samoa | 35.3 °C (95.5 °F) | Asau | 24 December 1968 [173] |
Solomon Islands | 36.1 °C (97.0 °F) | Honiara, Guadalcanal Province | 1 February 2010 [26] |
Tonga | 35.5 °C (95.9 °F) | Niuafoou | 1 February 2016 [146] |
Vanuatu | 36.2 °C (97.2 °F) | Lamap Malekula | 8 February 2016 [146] |
Wallis and Futuna | 35.8 °C (96.4 °F) | Futuna Airport | 10 January 2016 [146] |
Argentina | 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) | Rivadavia, Salta Province [note 7] | 11 December 1905 [174] [175] [176] |
Bolivia | 46.7 °C (116.1 °F) | Villamontes, Tarija Department | 29 October 2010 [26] [note 8] |
Brazil | 44.8 °C (112.6 °F) | Araçuaí, Minas Gerais | 19 November 2023 [177] |
Chile | 44.9 °C (112.8 °F) | Quillón, Biobio Region [note 9] | 26 January 2017 [178] [179] |
Colombia | 45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Puerto Salgar, Cundinamarca | 29 December 2015 [180] |
French Guiana | 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) | Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni | 27 September 2016 [146] |
Paraguay | 46.2 °C (115.2 °F) | Las Palmas | 10 December 2022 [181] |
Peru | 41.6 °C (106.9 °F) | Iñapari | 7 October 2023 [182] |
Uruguay | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Paysandú, Paysandú Department | 20 January 1943
[183]
[184] 14 January 2022 [185] |
Venezuela | 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) | Santa Ana de Coro, Falcón | 29 April 2015 [143] |
Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date | Record | Info |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) | Marble Bar, Western Australia | 31 October 1923 to 7 April 1924 (160 days) | Most consecutive days above 37.8 °C (100 °F) [186] | - |
Iran | 70.7 °C (159.3 °F) | Lut Desert | 2005 | Highest natural ground surface temperature(159.3 °F) [187] [188] | - |
USA ( California) | 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) | Death Valley | 9 July 1917 to 17 August 1917 (40 days) | Most consecutive days above 48.9 °C (120 °F) [189] | - |
The lowest temperature recorded is −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), in Antarctica.
Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Algeria | −13.8 °C (7.2 °F) | Mécheria | 28 January 2005 [202] |
Burkina Faso | 5.0 °C (41.0 °F) | Markoye | January 1975 [25] |
Egypt | −18.0 °C (−0.4 °F) |
Gabal Katrina at elevation of 2,629 m While −6 °C in Saint Katherine City at 1,586 m. Sinai Peninsula is geologically part of the African Plate, yet geographically it's considered to be in Asia. |
? [203] [204] |
Botswana | −15.0 °C (5.0 °F) | Tsabong | ? [205] |
Eswatini (Swaziland) | −6.7 °C (19.9 °F) | Big Bend | ? [29] |
Gambia | 4.0 °C (39.2 °F) | Jenoi | 2003 [30] |
Ghana | 11.0 °C (51.8 °F) | Kumasi, Tafo | ? [206] |
Guinea | 2.5 °C (36.5 °F) | Bareing | 2 January 1982 [207] |
Lesotho | −21.0 °C (−5.8 °F) | ? [208] | |
Madagascar | −1.0 °C (30.2 °F) | Antsirabe, Vakinankaratra | ? [32] |
Morocco (then the French protectorate in Morocco) | −23.9 °C (−11.0 °F) | Ifrane | 11 February 1935 [209] |
Niger | −2.4 °C (27.7 °F) | Bilma | 13 January 1995 [34] |
Réunion | −5.0 °C (23.0 °F) | Gite de Bellecome | 10 September 1975 [35] |
South Africa | −20.1 °C (−4.2 °F) | Buffelsfontein, near Molteno, Eastern Cape | 23 August 2013 [210] |
Spain ( Canarias) | −14.5 °C (5.9 °F) | Teide, Tenerife | 29 January 2018 [211] |
Sudan | −1.0 °C (30.2 °F) | Zalingei | December 1961 January 1962 [212] |
Antarctica | −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) | Vostok Station | 21 July 1983 [213] [214] [note 11] |
Afghanistan | −52.2 °C (−62.0 °F) | Shahrak | January 1964 [41] |
Armenia (then the Armenian SSR, Soviet Union) | −42.0 °C (−43.6 °F) | Paghakn and Ashocq | 1961 [92] |
Azerbaijan | −33.0 °C (−27.4 °F) | Julfa and Ordubad | ? [215] |
Bangladesh (then the Bengal Presidency of British India) | 1.1 °C (34.0 °F) | Dinajpur | 3 February 1905 [216] |
China | −53.0 °C (−63.4 °F) | Mohe City, Heilongjiang | 22 January 2023 [217] [218] [219] |
Cambodia | 7.0 °C (44.6 °F) | Mondulkiri, Ratanakiri and Preah Vihear | 29 January 2007 [220] |
Hong Kong | −6.0 °C (21.2 °F) | Tai Mo Shan | 24 January 2016 |
India | −45.0 °C (−49.0 °F) | Dras, Ladakh | 20 Nov 2023 [221] |
Indonesia | −9.0 °C (15.8 °F) | Dieng Plateau | 24 June 2019 [222] |
Iran | −36.0 °C (−32.8 °F) | Saqqez | 1972 [223] |
Israel (Syrian territory occupied by Israel) | −14.2 °C (6.4 °F) | Merom Golan | 10 January 2015 [224] |
Japan | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Asahikawa, Hokkaidō | 25 January 1902 [56] |
Jordan | −16.0 °C (3.2 °F) | Shoubak | 15 December 2013 [57] |
Kazakhstan | −57.0 °C (−70.6 °F) | Atbasar | ? [58] |
Kuwait | −4.8 °C (23.4 °F) | Salmy | 3 January 2009 [225] [226] |
Kyrgyzstan | −53.6 °C (−64.5 °F) | Fergana Valley | ? [227] |
Lebanon |
−6.4 °C (20.5 °F) |
Houche Al Oumara weather station | January 2016 [228] |
Malaysia | 7.8 °C (46.0 °F) | Cameron Highlands | 1 February 1978 [63] |
Maldives | 17.2 °C (63.0 °F) | Hulhulé Island, located at Ibrahim Nasir International Airport | 11 April 1978 [229] |
Mongolia | −55.3 °C (−67.5 °F) | Züüngovi, Uvs Province | 31 December 1976 [64] [230] |
Myanmar | −5.0 °C (23.0 °F) | Hakha | 30 December 1990 [231] [26] |
Nepal | −45.0 °C (−49.0 °F) | Sagarmatha | ? [67] |
North Korea (then Japanese Korea) | −43.6 °C (−46.5 °F) | Chunggangjin | 12 January 1933 [232] |
Oman | −9.7 °C (14.5 °F) | Jabel Shams | January 2015 [233] |
Pakistan | −24.0 °C (−11.2 °F) | Skardu | 7 January 1995 [234] |
Philippines | 6.3 °C (43.3 °F) | Baguio | 18 January 1961 [70] [235] [note 12] |
Qatar | 1.5 °C (34.7 °F) | Abu Samra | 5 February 2017 [27] |
Russia (first in the Russian Empire, then in the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) | −67.8 °C (−90.0 °F) |
Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon, both in Sakha Republic |
15 January 1885
5,7 February 1892 |
Saudi Arabia | −12.0 °C (10.4 °F) | Turaif | ? [238] |
Singapore | 19.0 °C (66.2 °F) | Paya Lebar | 14 February 1989 [72] |
South Korea | −32.6 °C (−26.7 °F) | Yangpyeong | 5 January 1981 [239] |
Sri Lanka | −2.6 °C (27.3 °F) | Nuwara Eliya | 14 January 1929 [240] |
Syria | −23.0 °C (−9.4 °F) | Idlib | January 1951 [241] |
Taiwan | −18.4 °C (−1.1 °F) | Yushan | 31 January 1970 [242] [243] |
Thailand | −1.4 °C (29.5 °F) | Sakon Nakhon | 2 January 1974 [244] |
Turkey | −46.4 °C (−51.5 °F) | Çaldıran, Van Province | 9 January 1990 [82] |
Turkmenistan | −36.0 °C (−32.8 °F) | Daşoguz Region | ? [83] |
United Arab Emirates | −5.4 °C (22.3 °F) | Jebel Jais, Fujairah | 3 February 2017 [27] |
Vietnam (then DR Vietnam) | −6.1 °C (21.0 °F) | Sa Pa | 4 January 1974 [245] |
Albania | −29.0 °C (−20.2 °F) | Shtylle | 9 January 2017 [246] |
Austria | −52.6 °C (−62.7 °F) | Grünloch doline | 19 February 1932 [247] |
Belarus (then the Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union) | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Slavnom, Vitebsk Region | 17 January 1940 [248] |
Belgium | −30.1 °C (−22.2 °F) | Valley of the Lesse in Rochefort | 20 January 1940 [249] |
Bosnia and Herzegovina (then the SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia) | −42.5 °C (−44.5 °F) | Igman in Sarajevo Canton | 24 January 1963 [250] |
Bulgaria | −38.3 °C (−36.9 °F) | Tran | 25 January 1947 [99] |
Croatia | −34.6 °C (−30.3 °F) | Gračac | 13 January 2003 [251] [note 13] |
Cyprus | −12.8 °C (9.0 °F) | Trikoukia, Prodromos | 30 January 1964 [252] |
Czech Republic (then part of Czechoslovakia) | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Litvínovice | 11 February 1929 [102] |
Denmark | −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F) | Thisted Municipality, North Denmark Region | 8 January 1982 [103] |
Estonia | −43.5 °C (−46.3 °F) | Jõgeva, Jõgeva County | 17 January 1940 [104] |
Finland | −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F) | Pokka, Kittilä, Lapland | 28 January 1999 [105] [253] |
France | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Mouthe, Doubs | 17 January 1985 [254] |
Germany | −45.9 °C (−50.6 °F) | Funtensee, Berchtesgadener Land, Bavaria | 24 December 2001 [255] |
Greece | −27.8 °C (−18.0 °F) | Ptolemaida | 27 January 1963 [256] |
Hungary | −35.0 °C (−31.0 °F) | Görömbölytapolca | 16 February 1940 [108] |
Iceland (then Danish Iceland) | −37.9 °C (−36.2 °F) | Grímsstaðir | 21 January 1918 [109] |
Ireland (then part of the United Kingdom) | −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) | Markree Castle, County Sligo | 16 January 1881 [111] |
Italy | −49.6 °C (−57.3 °F) | Busa Fradusta, Pale di San Martino | 10 February 2013 [257] |
Latvia | −43.2 °C (−45.8 °F) | Daugavpils | 8 February 1956 [113] |
Lithuania | −42.9 °C (−45.2 °F) | Utena, Utena County | 1 February 1956 [117] |
Luxembourg | −20.2 °C (−4.4 °F) | 2 February 1956 [258] | |
Malta | 1.4 °C (34.5 °F) | Malta International Airport | 29 January 1981 [120] [121] |
Moldova | −35.5 °C (−31.9 °F) | Brătușeni, Edineț District | 20 January 1963 [122] |
Monaco | −5.2 °C (22.6 °F) | Monaco | 10 February 1986 [259] |
Netherlands (then Nazi-occupied Netherlands) | −27.4 °C (−17.3 °F) | Winterswijk, Gelderland | 27 January 1942 [260] |
North Macedonia (then the SR Macedonia, SFR Yugoslavia) | −31.5 °C (−24.7 °F) | Berovo, Berovo Municipality | 27 January 1954 [261] |
Norway (then part of Sweden–Norway) | −51.4 °C (−60.5 °F) | Karasjok, Finnmark | 1 January 1886 [128] |
Poland (then Nazi-occupied Poland) | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Siedlce, Masovian Voivodeship | 11 January 1940 [130] |
Portugal | −16.0 °C (3.2 °F) |
Penhas da Saúde,
Covilhã Municipality Miranda do Douro |
16 January 1945 and 5 February 1954 [262] |
Romania | −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) | Bod, Brașov County | 25 January 1942 [263] |
Serbia | −39.8 °C (−39.6 °F) | Karajukića Bunari, Zlatibor District | 26 January 2006 [264] |
Slovakia (then Czechoslovakia) | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Vígľaš-Pstruša | 11 February 1929 [135] |
Slovenia (then SR Slovenia, SFR Yugoslavia) | −34.5 °C (−30.1 °F) | Babno Polje | 15 February 1956 16 February 1956 13 January 1968 [note 14] [265] |
Spain | −32.0 °C (−25.6 °F) | Estany Gento ( Province of Lleida) [note 15] | 2 February 1956 [266] |
Sweden | −52.6 °C (−62.7 °F) | Vuoggatjålme, Lappland | 2 February 1966 [138] |
Switzerland | −41.8 °C (−43.2 °F) | La Brévine | 12 January 1987 [139] |
Ukraine (then the Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) | −41.9 °C (−43.4 °F) | Luhansk | 8 January 1935 [140] [267] |
United Kingdom | −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) |
Braemar,
Aberdeenshire Altnaharra, Sutherland |
11 February 1895 10 January 1982 30 December 1995 [268] |
Antigua and Barbuda | 16.1 °C (61.0 °F) | V. C. Bird International Airport, Antigua | 31 December 1974 and 28 January 1976 [144] [145] |
Canada | −63.0 °C (−81.4 °F) | Snag, Yukon | 3 February 1947 [213] [269] |
Cayman Islands | 11.1 °C (52.0 °F) | Owen Roberts International Airport, Grand Cayman | ? [270] |
Cuba | 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) | Bainoa, Mayabeque Province | 18 February 1996 [271] |
Dominican Republic | −7.0 °C (19.4 °F) | Valle Nuevo, La Vega Province | 17 January 1983 [272] |
Greenland | −69.6 °C (−93.3 °F) | Klinck Automated Weather Station, Greenland Ice Sheet | 22 December 1991 [196] |
Guatemala | −11.5 °C (11.3 °F) | Olintepeque, Quetzaltenango Department | ? [157] |
Martinique | 14.1 °C (57.4 °F) | Le Lamentin | 25 December 1964 [159] |
Mexico | −25.1 °C (−13.2 °F) | Madera, Chihuahua | 27 December 1997 [273] |
Panama | 2.0 °C (35.6 °F) | Bajo Grande, Chiriquí Province | 20 February 1995 [162] |
Puerto Rico | 4.4 °C (40 °F) |
Aibonito San Sebastián |
9 March 1911 24 January 1966 [163] |
US Virgin Islands | 10.6 °C (51 °F) | Anna's Hope, Saint Croix | 31 January 1954 [163] |
United States ( Alaska) |
−62.2 °C (−80 °F) | Prospect Creek, Alaska | 23 January 1971 [274] |
United States (contiguous) |
−56.7 °C (−70 °F) | Rogers Pass, Montana | 20 January 1954 [275] |
Argentina | −32.8 °C (−27.0 °F) | Sarmiento, Chubut Province | 1 June 1907 [276] [note 16] |
Brazil | −14.0 °C (6.8 °F) | Caçador, Santa Catarina | 11 June 1952 [277] [278] |
Chile | −28.5 °C (−19.3 °F) | Balmaceda, Aysen Region | 16 June 1958 [279] |
Colombia | −11.0 °C (12.2 °F) | Páramo de Berlín, Tona, Santander | 11 December 1974 [280] |
Curaçao | 18.9 °C (66.0 °F) | Willemstad | 12 December 2017 [281] |
French Guiana | 16.9 °C (62.4 °F) | Maripasoula | 23 January 1964 [282] |
Paraguay | −7.5 °C (18.5 °F) | Pratts Gill, Boquerón Department | 13 July 2000 [283] |
Peru | −25.2 °C (−13.4 °F) | Mazo Cruz, Puno Region | 30 June 1966 [284] |
Uruguay | −11.0 °C (12.2 °F) | Melo, Cerro Largo Department | 14 June 1967 [183] [184] |
Australia | −23.0 °C (−9.4 °F) | Charlotte Pass, New South Wales | 29 June 1994 [285] [286] |
United States ( Hawaii) |
−11.1 °C (12.0 °F) | Mauna Kea, Hawaii | 17 May 1979 [287] |
Nauru | 20.0 °C (68.0 °F) | Yaren District | ?[ citation needed] |
New Zealand | −25.6 °C (−14.1 °F) | Ranfurly, Central Otago | 18 July 1903 [288] |
Samoa | 11.1 °C (52.0 °F) | Afiamalu | 29 September 1971 [173] |
Solomon Islands | 17.0 °C (62.6 °F) | Tigoa, Rennell | Early June 2016 30 June 2016 [289] |
heat burst 158.
However, these are nothing compared to the all-time lowest temperature ever felt in Baguio City and in the Philippines – the 6.3-degree cold felt on January 18, 1961.
Desde el punto de vista sinóptico, se realizó un estudio del día 18 de febrero de 1996, cuando se registraron temperaturas notablemente frías en la región occidental, y muy frías en el resto del país. Ese día, en la estación meteorológica de Bainoa se registró el record nacional de 0.6 °C.
Caçador has the lowest recorded temperature, officially, in Brazil, of −14 °C in 1952. Another record, unofficial, of −17.8 °C in 1996-06-29, at the summit of Morro da Igreja, Urubici, also in Santa Catarina, would give the record to this locality.
This is a list of weather records, a list of the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Many weather records are measured under specific conditions—such as surface temperature and wind speed—to keep consistency among measurements around the Earth. Each of these records is understood to be the record value officially observed, as these records may have been exceeded before modern weather instrumentation was invented, or in remote areas without an official weather station. This list does not include remotely sensed observations such as satellite measurements, since those values are not considered official records. [2]
The standard measuring conditions for temperature are in the air, 1.25 metres (4.1 ft) to 2.00 metres (6.6 ft) above the ground, [5] and shielded from direct sunlight intensity (hence the term x degrees "in the shade"). [6] The following lists include all officially confirmed claims measured by those methods.
Temperatures measured directly on the ground may exceed air temperatures by 30 to 50 °C (54 to 90 °F). [6] The highest natural ground surface temperature ever recorded may have been an alleged reading of 93.9 °C (201.0 °F) at Furnace Creek, California, United States, on 15 July 1972. [7] In 2011, a ground temperature of 84 °C (183.2 °F) was recorded in Port Sudan, Sudan. [8] The theoretical maximum possible ground surface temperature has been estimated to be between 90 and 100 °C (194 and 212 °F) for dry, darkish soils of low thermal conductivity. [9]
Satellite measurements of ground temperature taken between 2003 and 2009, taken with the MODIS infrared spectroradiometer on the Aqua satellite, found a maximum temperature of 70.7 °C (159.3 °F), which was recorded in 2005 in the Lut Desert, Iran. The Lut Desert was also found to have the highest maximum temperature in five of the seven years measured (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2009). These measurements reflect averages over a large region and so are lower than the maximum point surface temperature. [6]
Satellite measurements of the surface temperature of Antarctica, taken between 1982 and 2013, found a coldest temperature of −93.2 °C (−135.8 °F) on 10 August 2010, at 81°48′S 59°18′E / 81.8°S 59.3°E. Although this is not comparable to an air temperature, it is believed that the air temperature at this location would have been lower than the official record lowest air temperature of −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). [10] [11]
According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the highest temperature ever recorded was 56.7 °C (134.1 °F) on 10 July 1913 in Furnace Creek (Greenland Ranch), California, United States, [12] but the validity of this record is challenged as possible problems with the reading have since been discovered. Christopher C. Burt, a weather historian writing for Weather Underground, believes that the 1913 Death Valley reading is "a myth", and is at least 2.2 or 2.8 °C (4 or 5 °F) too high. [13] Burt proposes that the highest reliably recorded temperature on Earth could still be at Death Valley, but is instead 54.0 °C (129.2 °F) recorded on 30 June 2013. [14] This is lower than a 1931 record of 55 °C (131 °F) recorded in Kebili, Tunisia [15] and is matched by a 1942 record of 54 °C (129 °F) from Tirat Zvi, Israel. [16] 2016 and 2017 readings in Kuwait and Iran have also matched the 2013 Death Valley record, while readings in 2020 and 2021 also at Furnace Creek went even higher, up to 54.4 °C (129.9 °F), however, they have not yet been validated by WMO. [17] The WMO has stated they stand by the 1913 record pending any future investigations.
The former highest official temperature on Earth, 57.8 °C (136.0 °F), measured in ʽAziziya, Libya on 13 September 1922, was reassessed in July 2012 by the WMO which published a report that invalidated the record. [15] There have been other unconfirmed reports of high temperatures, but these temperatures have never been officially validated by national weather services/WMO, and are currently considered to have been recorder's errors, [18] thus not being recognised as world records. [19]
The warmest day on record for the entire planet was 6 July 2023, when the highest global average temperature was recorded at 17.08 °C (62.74 °F). [20] The month of July 2023 was the hottest month on record globally. [21] September 2023 was the most anomalously warm month, averaging 1.8 degrees Celsius above the preindustrial average.
Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Algeria | 51.3 °C (124.3 °F) | Ouargla, Ouargla Province | 5 July 2018 [22] |
Botswana | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Maun | 7 January 2016 [23] [24] |
Burkina Faso | 47.2 °C (117.0 °F) | Dori | 1984 [25] |
Chad | 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) | Faya-Largeau | 25 May 2023 [26] |
Comoros | 36.0 °C (96.8 °F) | Hahaya International Airport | 15 November 2017 [27] |
Egypt | 51.0 °C (123.8 °F) | Aswan | 4 July 1918 [28][ better source needed] |
Eswatini (Swaziland) | 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Lavumisa | ? [29] |
Gambia | 49.0 °C (120.2 °F) | Jenoi | 2001 [30] |
Ghana | 43.8 °C (110.8 °F) | Navrongo | 26 March 2017 [27] |
Guinea | 45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Koundara, Boké Region | 29 March 2017 [27] |
Guyana | 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) | Ebini | 26 September 2023 [31] |
Madagascar | 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) | Ejeda, Atsimo-Andrefana | ? [32] |
Morocco | 50.4 °C (122.7 °F) | Agadir ( Inezgane Airport) | 11 August 2023 [33] |
Niger | 49.5 °C (121.1 °F) | Diffa | 7 September 1978 [34] |
Nigeria | 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) | Yola | 3 April 2010[ citation needed] |
Réunion | 36.9 °C (98.4 °F) | Le Port | 6 March 2004 [35] |
South Africa (then the Union of South Africa) | 50.0 °C (122.0 °F) | Dunbrody, Eastern Cape | 3 November 1918 [36] [note 1] |
Sudan | 49.7 °C (121.5 °F) | Dongola | 25 June 2010 [26] |
Tunisia | 50.3 °C (122.5 °F) | Kairouan | 11 August 2021 [38] [note 2] |
Zambia | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Mfuwe, Eastern Province | 13 October 2010 [26] |
Antarctica | 19.8 °C (67.6 °F) | Signy Research Station, Signy Island | 30 January 1982 [40] |
Abkhazia | 37.0 °C (98.6 °F) | Sukhumi | ? |
Afghanistan (then, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan) | 49.9 °C (121.8 °F) | Farah | August 2009 [41] |
Bangladesh | 45.1 °C (113.2 °F) | Rajshahi | 30 May 1972 [42] |
Bhutan | 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) | Phuentsholing | 27 August 1997 [43] |
Cambodia | 42.6 °C (108.7 °F) | Preah Vihear | 15 April 2016 [44] |
China | 52.2 °C (126.0 °F) | Sanbao Township, Turpan, Xinjiang | 16 July 2023 [45] |
Hong Kong | 39.0 °C (102.2 °F) | Sheung Shui | 24 July 2022 [46] |
India | 51.0 °C (123.8 °F) | Phalodi, Rajasthan | 19 May 2016 [47] [48] |
Indonesia | 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) | Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan | 16 August 1997 [49] [50] |
Iran | 54.0 °C (129.2 °F) | Ahvaz Airport (OIAW) | 29 June 2017 [51] |
Iraq | 53.9 °C (129.0 °F) | Basra | 22 July 2016 [52] [53] |
Israel (then Mandatory Palestine) | 51.2 °C (124.2 °F) | Qalya | 22 June 1942 [54] |
Japan | 41.1 °C (106.0 °F) |
Kumagaya,
Saitama Hamamatsu, Shizuoka |
23 July 2018
[55]
[56] 17 August 2020 [56] |
Jordan | 50.0 °C (122.0 °F) | Jordan University Agriculture Research Center | 6 September 2002 [57] |
Kazakhstan | 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) | Turkistan | ? [58] |
Kuwait | 54.0 °C (129.2 °F) | Mitribah, Al Jahra Governorate | 21 July 2016 [59] [note 3] |
Kyrgyzstan | 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) | Jangy-Jer | July 1944 [60] |
Laos | 43.5 °C (110.3 °F) | Luang Prabang | 6 May 2023 [61] |
Lebanon |
44.3 °C (111.7 °F) |
Houche Al Oumara | September 2020 [62] |
Macau | 39.0 °C (102.2 °F) | Coloane | 22 August 2017 [27] |
Malaysia | 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) | Chuping | 9 April 1998 [63] |
Maldives | 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) | Hanimaadhoo | 16 April 2016 [44] |
Mongolia | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Khongor, Darkhan-Uul Province | 24 July 1999 [64] |
Myanmar | 47.2 °C (117.0 °F) | Myinmu | 14 May 2010 [65] [66] |
Nepal | 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) | Ataria | 16 June 1995 [67] |
Oman | 51.6 °C (124.9 °F) | Joba | 16 June 2021 [68] |
Pakistan | 53.7 °C (128.7 °F) |
Mohenjo-daro Turbat |
26 May 2010
[69] 28 May 2017 [59] |
Philippines (first recorded under the Insular Government) | 42.2 °C (108.0 °F) | Tuguegarao, Cagayan Valley | 12 April 1912 11 May 1969 [70] |
Qatar | 50.4 °C (122.7 °F) | Doha | 14 July 2010 [26] |
Saudi Arabia | 52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | Jeddah | 22 June 2010 [71] [26] |
Singapore | 37.0 °C (98.6 °F) |
Tengah Ang Mo Kio |
17 April 1983
[72] 13 May 2023 [73] |
South Korea | 41.0 °C (105.8 °F) | Hongcheon, Gangwon Province | 1 August 2018 [74] |
Sri Lanka | 39.8 °C (103.6 °F) | Trincomalee | 13 May 1890
[75] 11 April 2019 [76] |
Syria | 49.4 °C (120.9 °F) | Al-Hasakah | 30 July 2000 [77] [78] |
Taiwan | 41.6 °C (106.9 °F) | Fuyuan | 21 August 2022 [79] |
Tajikistan | 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) | Panji Poyon | ? [80] |
Thailand | 45.4 °C (113.7 °F) | Tak | 15 April 2023 [81] |
Turkey | 49.5 °C (121.1 °F) | Sarıcakaya, Eskişehir Province | 15 August 2023 [82] |
Turkmenistan (then the Turkmen SSR, Soviet Union) | 50.1 °C (122.2 °F) | Repetek Biosphere State Reserve, Karakum Desert | 28 July 1983 [83] [84] |
United Arab Emirates | 52.1 °C (125.8 °F) | Sweihan, Al Ain | July 2002 [85] [86] |
Vietnam | 44.2 °C (111.6 °F) |
Tương Dương District, Nghệ An Province |
7 May 2023 [87] |
Akrotiri and Dhekelia | 34.0 °C (93.2 °F) |
RAF Akrotiri, Dhekelia |
? [88] [89] |
Albania | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Kuçovë | 25 July 2023 [90] |
Andorra | 39.4 °C (102.9 °F) | Borda Vidal | 28 June 2019 [91] |
Armenia | 43.7 °C (110.7 °F) |
Meghri Yerevan |
1 August 2011
[92]
[93] 12 July 2018 [94] |
Austria | 40.5 °C (104.9 °F) | Bad Deutsch-Altenburg | 8 August 2013 [95] |
Azerbaijan | 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) | Julfa and Ordubad | 1 July 2018 |
Belarus | 38.9 °C (102.0 °F) | Gomel | 7 August 2010 [26] |
Belgium | 41.8 °C (107.2 °F) | Begijnendijk, Flemish Brabant [note 4] | 25 July 2019 [96] |
Bosnia and Herzegovina (then Austria–Hungary -occupied Bosnia Vilayet, Ottoman Empire) | 46.2 °C (115.2 °F) | Mostar | 31 July 1901 [97] [98] |
Bulgaria | 45.2 °C (113.4 °F) | Sadovo, Plovdiv Province | 5 August 1916 [99] |
Croatia (then the SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia) | 42.8 °C (109.0 °F) | Ploče | 5 August 1981 [100] |
Cyprus | 46.2 °C (115.2 °F) | Nicosia, Visitor Center Athalassa | 4 September 2020 [101] |
Czech Republic | 40.4 °C (104.7 °F) | Dobřichovice, Prague-West District | 20 August 2012 [102] |
Denmark | 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) | Holstebro, Midtjylland | 10 August 1975 [103] |
Estonia | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Võru | 11 August 1992 [104] |
Finland | 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) | Joensuu Airport, Liperi | 29 July 2010 [105] [26] |
France | 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) | Vérargues, Hérault | 28 June 2019 [98] |
Germany | 41.2 °C (106.2 °F) | Duisburg-Baerl, North Rhine-Westphalia and Tönisvorst, North Rhine-Westphalia [note 4] | 25 July 2019 [106] |
Greece | 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) | Elefsina, Attica | 10 July 1977 [107] |
Hungary | 41.9 °C (107.4 °F) | Kiskunhalas | 20 July 2007 [108] |
Iceland (then the Kingdom of Iceland) | 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) | Teigarhorn, Djúpivogur | 22 June 1939 [109] [110] |
Ireland (then part of the United Kingdom) | 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) | Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny | 26 June 1887 [111] |
Italy | 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) | Floridia, Sicily | 11 August 2021 [112] |
Latvia | 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) | Ventspils | 4 August 2014 [113] [114] |
Liechtenstein | 37.4 °C (99.3 °F) | Ruggell | 13 August 2003 [115] [116] |
Lithuania | 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) | Zarasai, Utena County | 30 July 1994 [117] |
Luxembourg | 40.8 °C (105.4 °F) | Steinsel, Luxembourg and Remich, Remich [note 4] | 25 July 2019 [118] [119] |
Malta | 43.8 °C (110.8 °F) | Malta International Airport | 9 August 1999 [120] [121] |
Moldova | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Fălești | 7 August 2012 [122] |
Monaco | 35.1 °C (95.2 °F) | Monaco | 20 July 2022 [123] |
Montenegro | 44.8 °C (112.6 °F) |
Podgorica Danilovgrad |
16 August 2007 8 August 2012 [124] |
Netherlands | 40.7 °C (105.3 °F) | Gilze en Rijen, North Brabant [note 4] [note 5] | 25 July 2019 [126] |
North Macedonia | 45.7 °C (114.3 °F) | Demir Kapija, Demir Kapija | 24 July 2007 [127] |
Norway | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Nesbyen, Buskerud | 20 June 1970 [128] |
Poland | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Prószków [note 6] | 29 July 1921 [130] |
Portugal | 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Amareleja, Beja | 1 August 2003 [131] |
Romania | 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) | Ion Sion, Brăila County | 10 August 1951 [132] |
Russia | 45.4 °C (113.7 °F) | Utta, Kalmykia | 12 July 2010 [133] |
San Marino | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Serravalle | 3 August 2017 9 August 2017 [27] |
Serbia | 44.9 °C (112.8 °F) | Smederevska Palanka, Podunavlje | 24 July 2007 [134] |
Slovakia | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Hurbanovo | 20 July 2007 [135] |
Slovenia | 40.8 °C (105.4 °F) | Cerklje ob Krki | 8 August 2013 [136] |
Spain | 47.6 °C (117.7 °F) | La Rambla, Cordoba (as La Rambla Privilegio) | 14 August 2021 [137] |
Sweden | 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) |
Ultuna,
Uppsala County Målilla, Kalmar County |
9 July 1933 29 June 1947 [138] |
Switzerland | 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Grono, Moesa District | 11 August 2003 [139] |
Ukraine | 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) | Luhansk | 12 August 2010 [140] [26] |
United Kingdom | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Coningsby, Lincolnshire | 19 July 2022 [141] |
Vatican City | 40.8 °C (105.4 °F) | Vatican City | 28 June 2022 [142] |
Anguilla | 34.2 °C (93.6 °F) | The Valley | 12 September 2015 [143] |
Antigua and Barbuda | 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) | V. C. Bird International Airport, St. John's | 12 August 1995 [144] [145] |
British Virgin Islands | 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) | Terrance B. Lettsome International Airport | 22 July 2016 [146] |
Canada | 49.6 °C (121.3 °F) | Lytton, British Columbia | 29 June 2021 [147] [148] [149] [150] [151] |
Cayman Islands | 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) | Owen Roberts International Airport, Grand Cayman | 21 August 2016 [146] |
Cuba | 39.7 °C (103.5 °F) | Veguitas ( Granma Province) | 12 April 2020 [152] |
Dominican Republic | 43.0 °C (109.4 °F) | Mao | 31 August 1954 [153] |
Greenland | 30.1 °C (86.2 °F) | Ivittuut | 23 June 1915 [154] [155] [156] |
Guatemala | 45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Estanzuela, Zacapa | 12 May 1998 [157] [158] |
Martinique | 36.5 °C (97.7 °F) | Saint-Pierre | 6 October 2010 [159] |
Mexico | 52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | Mexicali area | 28 July 1995 [160] [161] |
Panama | 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) | San Francisco | 20 March 1998 [162] |
Puerto Rico | 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) | Mona Island | 2 July 1996 [163] |
United States | 56.7 °C (134.0 °F) | Furnace Creek, Death Valley, California | 10 July 1913 [13] [164] [14] |
United States Virgin Islands | 37.2 °C (99 °F) |
Saint Thomas Cruz Bay |
4 August 1994 and 23 June 1996
[163] 31 July 1988 [163] |
Australia | 50.7 °C (123.3 °F) |
Oodnadatta,
South Australia Onslow, Western Australia |
2 January 1962
[165]
[166]
[167] 12 January 2022 [168] [169] [170] |
Marshall Islands | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Utirik Atoll | 24 August 2016 [146] |
Nauru | 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) | Yaren District | ?[ citation needed] |
New Zealand | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Rangiora, Canterbury | 7 February 1973 [171] |
Palau | 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) | Koror | 22 March 2018 [172] |
Samoa | 35.3 °C (95.5 °F) | Asau | 24 December 1968 [173] |
Solomon Islands | 36.1 °C (97.0 °F) | Honiara, Guadalcanal Province | 1 February 2010 [26] |
Tonga | 35.5 °C (95.9 °F) | Niuafoou | 1 February 2016 [146] |
Vanuatu | 36.2 °C (97.2 °F) | Lamap Malekula | 8 February 2016 [146] |
Wallis and Futuna | 35.8 °C (96.4 °F) | Futuna Airport | 10 January 2016 [146] |
Argentina | 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) | Rivadavia, Salta Province [note 7] | 11 December 1905 [174] [175] [176] |
Bolivia | 46.7 °C (116.1 °F) | Villamontes, Tarija Department | 29 October 2010 [26] [note 8] |
Brazil | 44.8 °C (112.6 °F) | Araçuaí, Minas Gerais | 19 November 2023 [177] |
Chile | 44.9 °C (112.8 °F) | Quillón, Biobio Region [note 9] | 26 January 2017 [178] [179] |
Colombia | 45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Puerto Salgar, Cundinamarca | 29 December 2015 [180] |
French Guiana | 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) | Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni | 27 September 2016 [146] |
Paraguay | 46.2 °C (115.2 °F) | Las Palmas | 10 December 2022 [181] |
Peru | 41.6 °C (106.9 °F) | Iñapari | 7 October 2023 [182] |
Uruguay | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Paysandú, Paysandú Department | 20 January 1943
[183]
[184] 14 January 2022 [185] |
Venezuela | 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) | Santa Ana de Coro, Falcón | 29 April 2015 [143] |
Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date | Record | Info |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) | Marble Bar, Western Australia | 31 October 1923 to 7 April 1924 (160 days) | Most consecutive days above 37.8 °C (100 °F) [186] | - |
Iran | 70.7 °C (159.3 °F) | Lut Desert | 2005 | Highest natural ground surface temperature(159.3 °F) [187] [188] | - |
USA ( California) | 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) | Death Valley | 9 July 1917 to 17 August 1917 (40 days) | Most consecutive days above 48.9 °C (120 °F) [189] | - |
The lowest temperature recorded is −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), in Antarctica.
Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Algeria | −13.8 °C (7.2 °F) | Mécheria | 28 January 2005 [202] |
Burkina Faso | 5.0 °C (41.0 °F) | Markoye | January 1975 [25] |
Egypt | −18.0 °C (−0.4 °F) |
Gabal Katrina at elevation of 2,629 m While −6 °C in Saint Katherine City at 1,586 m. Sinai Peninsula is geologically part of the African Plate, yet geographically it's considered to be in Asia. |
? [203] [204] |
Botswana | −15.0 °C (5.0 °F) | Tsabong | ? [205] |
Eswatini (Swaziland) | −6.7 °C (19.9 °F) | Big Bend | ? [29] |
Gambia | 4.0 °C (39.2 °F) | Jenoi | 2003 [30] |
Ghana | 11.0 °C (51.8 °F) | Kumasi, Tafo | ? [206] |
Guinea | 2.5 °C (36.5 °F) | Bareing | 2 January 1982 [207] |
Lesotho | −21.0 °C (−5.8 °F) | ? [208] | |
Madagascar | −1.0 °C (30.2 °F) | Antsirabe, Vakinankaratra | ? [32] |
Morocco (then the French protectorate in Morocco) | −23.9 °C (−11.0 °F) | Ifrane | 11 February 1935 [209] |
Niger | −2.4 °C (27.7 °F) | Bilma | 13 January 1995 [34] |
Réunion | −5.0 °C (23.0 °F) | Gite de Bellecome | 10 September 1975 [35] |
South Africa | −20.1 °C (−4.2 °F) | Buffelsfontein, near Molteno, Eastern Cape | 23 August 2013 [210] |
Spain ( Canarias) | −14.5 °C (5.9 °F) | Teide, Tenerife | 29 January 2018 [211] |
Sudan | −1.0 °C (30.2 °F) | Zalingei | December 1961 January 1962 [212] |
Antarctica | −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) | Vostok Station | 21 July 1983 [213] [214] [note 11] |
Afghanistan | −52.2 °C (−62.0 °F) | Shahrak | January 1964 [41] |
Armenia (then the Armenian SSR, Soviet Union) | −42.0 °C (−43.6 °F) | Paghakn and Ashocq | 1961 [92] |
Azerbaijan | −33.0 °C (−27.4 °F) | Julfa and Ordubad | ? [215] |
Bangladesh (then the Bengal Presidency of British India) | 1.1 °C (34.0 °F) | Dinajpur | 3 February 1905 [216] |
China | −53.0 °C (−63.4 °F) | Mohe City, Heilongjiang | 22 January 2023 [217] [218] [219] |
Cambodia | 7.0 °C (44.6 °F) | Mondulkiri, Ratanakiri and Preah Vihear | 29 January 2007 [220] |
Hong Kong | −6.0 °C (21.2 °F) | Tai Mo Shan | 24 January 2016 |
India | −45.0 °C (−49.0 °F) | Dras, Ladakh | 20 Nov 2023 [221] |
Indonesia | −9.0 °C (15.8 °F) | Dieng Plateau | 24 June 2019 [222] |
Iran | −36.0 °C (−32.8 °F) | Saqqez | 1972 [223] |
Israel (Syrian territory occupied by Israel) | −14.2 °C (6.4 °F) | Merom Golan | 10 January 2015 [224] |
Japan | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Asahikawa, Hokkaidō | 25 January 1902 [56] |
Jordan | −16.0 °C (3.2 °F) | Shoubak | 15 December 2013 [57] |
Kazakhstan | −57.0 °C (−70.6 °F) | Atbasar | ? [58] |
Kuwait | −4.8 °C (23.4 °F) | Salmy | 3 January 2009 [225] [226] |
Kyrgyzstan | −53.6 °C (−64.5 °F) | Fergana Valley | ? [227] |
Lebanon |
−6.4 °C (20.5 °F) |
Houche Al Oumara weather station | January 2016 [228] |
Malaysia | 7.8 °C (46.0 °F) | Cameron Highlands | 1 February 1978 [63] |
Maldives | 17.2 °C (63.0 °F) | Hulhulé Island, located at Ibrahim Nasir International Airport | 11 April 1978 [229] |
Mongolia | −55.3 °C (−67.5 °F) | Züüngovi, Uvs Province | 31 December 1976 [64] [230] |
Myanmar | −5.0 °C (23.0 °F) | Hakha | 30 December 1990 [231] [26] |
Nepal | −45.0 °C (−49.0 °F) | Sagarmatha | ? [67] |
North Korea (then Japanese Korea) | −43.6 °C (−46.5 °F) | Chunggangjin | 12 January 1933 [232] |
Oman | −9.7 °C (14.5 °F) | Jabel Shams | January 2015 [233] |
Pakistan | −24.0 °C (−11.2 °F) | Skardu | 7 January 1995 [234] |
Philippines | 6.3 °C (43.3 °F) | Baguio | 18 January 1961 [70] [235] [note 12] |
Qatar | 1.5 °C (34.7 °F) | Abu Samra | 5 February 2017 [27] |
Russia (first in the Russian Empire, then in the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) | −67.8 °C (−90.0 °F) |
Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon, both in Sakha Republic |
15 January 1885
5,7 February 1892 |
Saudi Arabia | −12.0 °C (10.4 °F) | Turaif | ? [238] |
Singapore | 19.0 °C (66.2 °F) | Paya Lebar | 14 February 1989 [72] |
South Korea | −32.6 °C (−26.7 °F) | Yangpyeong | 5 January 1981 [239] |
Sri Lanka | −2.6 °C (27.3 °F) | Nuwara Eliya | 14 January 1929 [240] |
Syria | −23.0 °C (−9.4 °F) | Idlib | January 1951 [241] |
Taiwan | −18.4 °C (−1.1 °F) | Yushan | 31 January 1970 [242] [243] |
Thailand | −1.4 °C (29.5 °F) | Sakon Nakhon | 2 January 1974 [244] |
Turkey | −46.4 °C (−51.5 °F) | Çaldıran, Van Province | 9 January 1990 [82] |
Turkmenistan | −36.0 °C (−32.8 °F) | Daşoguz Region | ? [83] |
United Arab Emirates | −5.4 °C (22.3 °F) | Jebel Jais, Fujairah | 3 February 2017 [27] |
Vietnam (then DR Vietnam) | −6.1 °C (21.0 °F) | Sa Pa | 4 January 1974 [245] |
Albania | −29.0 °C (−20.2 °F) | Shtylle | 9 January 2017 [246] |
Austria | −52.6 °C (−62.7 °F) | Grünloch doline | 19 February 1932 [247] |
Belarus (then the Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union) | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Slavnom, Vitebsk Region | 17 January 1940 [248] |
Belgium | −30.1 °C (−22.2 °F) | Valley of the Lesse in Rochefort | 20 January 1940 [249] |
Bosnia and Herzegovina (then the SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia) | −42.5 °C (−44.5 °F) | Igman in Sarajevo Canton | 24 January 1963 [250] |
Bulgaria | −38.3 °C (−36.9 °F) | Tran | 25 January 1947 [99] |
Croatia | −34.6 °C (−30.3 °F) | Gračac | 13 January 2003 [251] [note 13] |
Cyprus | −12.8 °C (9.0 °F) | Trikoukia, Prodromos | 30 January 1964 [252] |
Czech Republic (then part of Czechoslovakia) | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Litvínovice | 11 February 1929 [102] |
Denmark | −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F) | Thisted Municipality, North Denmark Region | 8 January 1982 [103] |
Estonia | −43.5 °C (−46.3 °F) | Jõgeva, Jõgeva County | 17 January 1940 [104] |
Finland | −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F) | Pokka, Kittilä, Lapland | 28 January 1999 [105] [253] |
France | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Mouthe, Doubs | 17 January 1985 [254] |
Germany | −45.9 °C (−50.6 °F) | Funtensee, Berchtesgadener Land, Bavaria | 24 December 2001 [255] |
Greece | −27.8 °C (−18.0 °F) | Ptolemaida | 27 January 1963 [256] |
Hungary | −35.0 °C (−31.0 °F) | Görömbölytapolca | 16 February 1940 [108] |
Iceland (then Danish Iceland) | −37.9 °C (−36.2 °F) | Grímsstaðir | 21 January 1918 [109] |
Ireland (then part of the United Kingdom) | −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) | Markree Castle, County Sligo | 16 January 1881 [111] |
Italy | −49.6 °C (−57.3 °F) | Busa Fradusta, Pale di San Martino | 10 February 2013 [257] |
Latvia | −43.2 °C (−45.8 °F) | Daugavpils | 8 February 1956 [113] |
Lithuania | −42.9 °C (−45.2 °F) | Utena, Utena County | 1 February 1956 [117] |
Luxembourg | −20.2 °C (−4.4 °F) | 2 February 1956 [258] | |
Malta | 1.4 °C (34.5 °F) | Malta International Airport | 29 January 1981 [120] [121] |
Moldova | −35.5 °C (−31.9 °F) | Brătușeni, Edineț District | 20 January 1963 [122] |
Monaco | −5.2 °C (22.6 °F) | Monaco | 10 February 1986 [259] |
Netherlands (then Nazi-occupied Netherlands) | −27.4 °C (−17.3 °F) | Winterswijk, Gelderland | 27 January 1942 [260] |
North Macedonia (then the SR Macedonia, SFR Yugoslavia) | −31.5 °C (−24.7 °F) | Berovo, Berovo Municipality | 27 January 1954 [261] |
Norway (then part of Sweden–Norway) | −51.4 °C (−60.5 °F) | Karasjok, Finnmark | 1 January 1886 [128] |
Poland (then Nazi-occupied Poland) | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Siedlce, Masovian Voivodeship | 11 January 1940 [130] |
Portugal | −16.0 °C (3.2 °F) |
Penhas da Saúde,
Covilhã Municipality Miranda do Douro |
16 January 1945 and 5 February 1954 [262] |
Romania | −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) | Bod, Brașov County | 25 January 1942 [263] |
Serbia | −39.8 °C (−39.6 °F) | Karajukića Bunari, Zlatibor District | 26 January 2006 [264] |
Slovakia (then Czechoslovakia) | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Vígľaš-Pstruša | 11 February 1929 [135] |
Slovenia (then SR Slovenia, SFR Yugoslavia) | −34.5 °C (−30.1 °F) | Babno Polje | 15 February 1956 16 February 1956 13 January 1968 [note 14] [265] |
Spain | −32.0 °C (−25.6 °F) | Estany Gento ( Province of Lleida) [note 15] | 2 February 1956 [266] |
Sweden | −52.6 °C (−62.7 °F) | Vuoggatjålme, Lappland | 2 February 1966 [138] |
Switzerland | −41.8 °C (−43.2 °F) | La Brévine | 12 January 1987 [139] |
Ukraine (then the Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) | −41.9 °C (−43.4 °F) | Luhansk | 8 January 1935 [140] [267] |
United Kingdom | −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) |
Braemar,
Aberdeenshire Altnaharra, Sutherland |
11 February 1895 10 January 1982 30 December 1995 [268] |
Antigua and Barbuda | 16.1 °C (61.0 °F) | V. C. Bird International Airport, Antigua | 31 December 1974 and 28 January 1976 [144] [145] |
Canada | −63.0 °C (−81.4 °F) | Snag, Yukon | 3 February 1947 [213] [269] |
Cayman Islands | 11.1 °C (52.0 °F) | Owen Roberts International Airport, Grand Cayman | ? [270] |
Cuba | 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) | Bainoa, Mayabeque Province | 18 February 1996 [271] |
Dominican Republic | −7.0 °C (19.4 °F) | Valle Nuevo, La Vega Province | 17 January 1983 [272] |
Greenland | −69.6 °C (−93.3 °F) | Klinck Automated Weather Station, Greenland Ice Sheet | 22 December 1991 [196] |
Guatemala | −11.5 °C (11.3 °F) | Olintepeque, Quetzaltenango Department | ? [157] |
Martinique | 14.1 °C (57.4 °F) | Le Lamentin | 25 December 1964 [159] |
Mexico | −25.1 °C (−13.2 °F) | Madera, Chihuahua | 27 December 1997 [273] |
Panama | 2.0 °C (35.6 °F) | Bajo Grande, Chiriquí Province | 20 February 1995 [162] |
Puerto Rico | 4.4 °C (40 °F) |
Aibonito San Sebastián |
9 March 1911 24 January 1966 [163] |
US Virgin Islands | 10.6 °C (51 °F) | Anna's Hope, Saint Croix | 31 January 1954 [163] |
United States ( Alaska) |
−62.2 °C (−80 °F) | Prospect Creek, Alaska | 23 January 1971 [274] |
United States (contiguous) |
−56.7 °C (−70 °F) | Rogers Pass, Montana | 20 January 1954 [275] |
Argentina | −32.8 °C (−27.0 °F) | Sarmiento, Chubut Province | 1 June 1907 [276] [note 16] |
Brazil | −14.0 °C (6.8 °F) | Caçador, Santa Catarina | 11 June 1952 [277] [278] |
Chile | −28.5 °C (−19.3 °F) | Balmaceda, Aysen Region | 16 June 1958 [279] |
Colombia | −11.0 °C (12.2 °F) | Páramo de Berlín, Tona, Santander | 11 December 1974 [280] |
Curaçao | 18.9 °C (66.0 °F) | Willemstad | 12 December 2017 [281] |
French Guiana | 16.9 °C (62.4 °F) | Maripasoula | 23 January 1964 [282] |
Paraguay | −7.5 °C (18.5 °F) | Pratts Gill, Boquerón Department | 13 July 2000 [283] |
Peru | −25.2 °C (−13.4 °F) | Mazo Cruz, Puno Region | 30 June 1966 [284] |
Uruguay | −11.0 °C (12.2 °F) | Melo, Cerro Largo Department | 14 June 1967 [183] [184] |
Australia | −23.0 °C (−9.4 °F) | Charlotte Pass, New South Wales | 29 June 1994 [285] [286] |
United States ( Hawaii) |
−11.1 °C (12.0 °F) | Mauna Kea, Hawaii | 17 May 1979 [287] |
Nauru | 20.0 °C (68.0 °F) | Yaren District | ?[ citation needed] |
New Zealand | −25.6 °C (−14.1 °F) | Ranfurly, Central Otago | 18 July 1903 [288] |
Samoa | 11.1 °C (52.0 °F) | Afiamalu | 29 September 1971 [173] |
Solomon Islands | 17.0 °C (62.6 °F) | Tigoa, Rennell | Early June 2016 30 June 2016 [289] |
heat burst 158.
However, these are nothing compared to the all-time lowest temperature ever felt in Baguio City and in the Philippines – the 6.3-degree cold felt on January 18, 1961.
Desde el punto de vista sinóptico, se realizó un estudio del día 18 de febrero de 1996, cuando se registraron temperaturas notablemente frías en la región occidental, y muy frías en el resto del país. Ese día, en la estación meteorológica de Bainoa se registró el record nacional de 0.6 °C.
Caçador has the lowest recorded temperature, officially, in Brazil, of −14 °C in 1952. Another record, unofficial, of −17.8 °C in 1996-06-29, at the summit of Morro da Igreja, Urubici, also in Santa Catarina, would give the record to this locality.