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Submission declined on 27 March 2024 by
14 novembre (
talk). This submission reads more like an
essay than an encyclopedia article. Submissions should summarise information in
secondary, reliable sources and not contain opinions or
original research. Please write about the topic from a
neutral point of view in an
encyclopedic manner.
Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
This draft has been resubmitted and is currently awaiting re-review. | ![]() |
Submission declined on 7 February 2024 by
WikiDan61 (
talk). This draft's references do not show that the subject
qualifies for a Wikipedia article. In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are:
This submission reads more like an
essay than an encyclopedia article. Submissions should summarise information in
secondary, reliable sources and not contain opinions or
original research. Please write about the topic from a
neutral point of view in an
encyclopedic manner. Declined by
WikiDan61 5 months ago. | ![]() |
Llanthomas Castle Mound | |
---|---|
![]() Llanthomas Castle Mound | |
Location within
Powys | |
Principal area | |
Preserved county | |
Country | Wales |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | HEREFORD |
Postcode district | HR3 |
Dialling code | 01497 |
Police | Dyfed-Powys |
Fire | Mid and West Wales |
Ambulance | Welsh |
UK Parliament | |
Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament | |
Reference no. | Cadw BR078 CPAT PRN443 |
Llanthomas Castle Mound (LCM) was built by the Normans after the 1066 Norman conquest of England but before 1215. [1] [2] It is a first generation motte and bailey castle design, the building materials were earth and timber.
The typical motte and bailey castle would have had a multi- storey wooden watchtower (i.e. the keep) on the summit of the motte, a wooden palisade fence around the bailey (i.e. the courtyard) and a deep ditch surrounding the bailey. A millennium later the above ground wood has perished. The remains of LCM consists of the motte, the ditch and buried masonry underpinning part of the wooden fence surrounding the bailey. [1] Traces of a possible site for the bailey have been found to the south-east of the motte. [3] Digeddi Brook (a tributary of the River Wye) runs along the base of the ditch. [4]
After translation (from Latin and Tudor English) the tudor antiquarian John Leyland (1503-1552) described the role of LCM as a defensive architecture. [5] [6]
Cadw have described LCM as an important relic of medieval architecture which might extend knowledge of medieval defensive practices. [1]
Motte Height | 3.5 m | Motte summit diameter | 9.0 m | Motte base diameter | 24.0 m |
“Llan” is Welsh for the sacred land around a church. [7] Llanthomas translates to Thomas church in English.
Motte and bailey castles without evidence of the original bailey are called castle mounds (or tumps or twts). [8] Until recently the grazing meadow surrounding the motte was called bailey court. [6] The words bailey and court are of Norman origin [9].
Many antiquarian and modern sources reference LCM [10] [11] with names reflecting its close proxity to Llanigon and Hay-on-Wye e.g.
Some antiquarian sources indirectly reference LCM e.g.
LCM [21] is on a private property but can be viewed from Llanthomas lane, [22] opposite the walled Llanthomas gardens, [23] which was once part of Llanthomas estate. [24] LCM is near the village of Llanigon and less than 2 miles from the "town of books" i.e. Hay-on-Wye. It is on the same lane as the Hay Festival fields ( Dairy Meadows). [25]
LCM [26] is located in Powys, Wales but has a Herefordshire postcode. It is about 2 miles from the border with England, in the area known as the Welsh Marches. [27] LCM is in the foothills of Hay Bluff in Bannau Brycheiniog (previously known as the Brecon Beacons). It was in the historic county of Brecknockshire/ Breconshire which became Powys in 1974.
LCM is on the Middle Wye Valley. [28] The castle location may have been chosen because it occupies a high point overlooking the River Wye less than a mile away. The fording point Little Fford Fawr [29] is located between LCM [30] and the south bank of the river. Mottes often had a direct line of sight to a nearby motte e.g. LCM and Llowes Castle Tump on the north bank of the river. [31] Other surviving Norman castles near LCM on the Middle Wye Valley include:
OS Map Grid Reference | SO 2091 4036 |
what3words | provoking.rave.longer |
Postcode | HR3 5PU |
Latitude: 52.056 | Longitude: -3.1548 |
Latitude: 52° 3' 21"N | Longitude: 3° 9' 17"W |
OS Eastings: 320919 | OS Northings: 240366 |
Mapcode National GBR F0.DL2G |
The Cadw scheduled report for LCM (BR078 [1]) states that there is a “strong possibility” that LCM and the scheduled area has “both structural evidence and intact associated deposits”. The report concludes that LCM is “an important relic of the medieval landscape”.
The Welsh archaeological trusts maintain regional historic environment records on behalf of the Welsh government. The Clwyd–Powys Archaeological Trust (CPAT) records for LCM include past Cadw reports: PRN: 443 (1986) [37], 38278 (1988) [38], 2586 (1995) [39].
The Coflein online database, stores the National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW). The archive is located in the National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth. The archive record for LCM (NPRN: 306308 [40]) include a hundred years of reports: 6057064, 6054097, 6064626, 6140925, 6140927, 6359576, 6464877, 6140926, 6140924, 6054098, 6059886, 6519900.
In 1921, the Reverend William Edward Thomas Morgan vicar at the pre- conquest church of St. Eigon, Llanigon, [41] an amateur archaeologist hosted a visit from the Woolhope club. [6] The club study the natural history, geology, archaeology and the history of Herefordshire, England. William dug a small excavation trench on the summit of the motte, but no artefacts were discovered. [42] There is no known record of any professional level archaeological excavation or geophysical survey of LCM.
In 1988, a professional excavation of a possible site for the bailey courtyard revealed activity associated with the motte. A number of artefacts were found including a sherd from the base of a medieval cooking pot, and a pitt filled with charcoal. The report by the archaeologist suggests that this may have been the kitchen area within the bailey. [3] A private bungalow has since been built over the excavated site. [43]
When posiible the Normans speeded up castle construction by building on an existing Iron age or Bronze age hillforts, or Roman ruins or ditch, augmenting the castle's defensive architecture. Some antiquarian scholars believed that LCM was built on an Iron Age tumulus. [18] [44] [45] [16] [9]
The second Norman invasion of Wales was successful. It was led by the Norman lord Bernard de Neufmarché (c.1050–c.1125). Brycheiniog (now Wales) was conquered between 1088 and 1095. Brycheiniog was divided into lesser lordships, and gifted to the knights who contributed to the conquest. [46]
Llanthomas lordship was part of the Hay lordship owned by William Revel, one of Bernard's knights. [15] LCM was part of the Llanthomas lordship. [15] [39]
Revel is thought to have built Hay Castle Motte, near St Mary's Church, Hay-on-Wye. [47] [48] St. Marys was separated from the ancient parish of Llanigon around 1115 A.D. [49] It is not known who built LCM but it is known to have existed from the early days of the Norman conquest. [2] [50] [51]
By the 14th century, LCM was documented as part of Llanthomas manor the domicile of the lord of the manor. The manor also included a proprietary church called Thomaschurch (PRN: 81681 [52]). The church was funded by the lord of the manor, and was financially independent of the diocese in the Church in Wales. The proprietary church had disappeared by the 18th century. [53]
A local historian has suggested that one of the first lords of the manor may have been the English Earl,
Authoritative historical primary sources and secondary sources show that there were many high status individuals who owned Llanthomas lordship. They included the nobility, the wealthy and the infamous:
The next owner of Llanthomas was neither nobility, or wealthy but some might say infamous. William Jones Thomas rejected Francis Kilvert as a suitor for his daughter Frances Eleanor Jane Thomas aka Daisy. William Thomas (and his descendents) were the last owners of the Llanthomas,
Over time the Llanthomas lordship became known as Llanthomas [57] or Llanthomas estate, or Llanthomas manor. [58] [59] The main domicile became known as Llanthomas house [60] or Llanthomas hall. [61] William Thomas converted Llanthomas hall from a Welsh long house into a grand three story mansion at great expense. Many parts of the original lordship were sold [62] including the land around LCM which was sold for farming. LCM is now part of a private residential property. A small fraction of the original lordship remains and is still known as Llanthomas. [63]
LCM is included in many online lists of medieval period castles in Wales:
Other online sites that reference LCM include:
{{
cite book}}
: CS1 maint: others (
link)
![]() | Review waiting, please be patient.
This may take 3 months or more, since drafts are reviewed in no specific order. There are 2,680 pending submissions waiting for review.
Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
Reviewer tools
|
Submission declined on 27 March 2024 by
14 novembre (
talk). This submission reads more like an
essay than an encyclopedia article. Submissions should summarise information in
secondary, reliable sources and not contain opinions or
original research. Please write about the topic from a
neutral point of view in an
encyclopedic manner.
Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
This draft has been resubmitted and is currently awaiting re-review. | ![]() |
Submission declined on 7 February 2024 by
WikiDan61 (
talk). This draft's references do not show that the subject
qualifies for a Wikipedia article. In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are:
This submission reads more like an
essay than an encyclopedia article. Submissions should summarise information in
secondary, reliable sources and not contain opinions or
original research. Please write about the topic from a
neutral point of view in an
encyclopedic manner. Declined by
WikiDan61 5 months ago. | ![]() |
Llanthomas Castle Mound | |
---|---|
![]() Llanthomas Castle Mound | |
Location within
Powys | |
Principal area | |
Preserved county | |
Country | Wales |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | HEREFORD |
Postcode district | HR3 |
Dialling code | 01497 |
Police | Dyfed-Powys |
Fire | Mid and West Wales |
Ambulance | Welsh |
UK Parliament | |
Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament | |
Reference no. | Cadw BR078 CPAT PRN443 |
Llanthomas Castle Mound (LCM) was built by the Normans after the 1066 Norman conquest of England but before 1215. [1] [2] It is a first generation motte and bailey castle design, the building materials were earth and timber.
The typical motte and bailey castle would have had a multi- storey wooden watchtower (i.e. the keep) on the summit of the motte, a wooden palisade fence around the bailey (i.e. the courtyard) and a deep ditch surrounding the bailey. A millennium later the above ground wood has perished. The remains of LCM consists of the motte, the ditch and buried masonry underpinning part of the wooden fence surrounding the bailey. [1] Traces of a possible site for the bailey have been found to the south-east of the motte. [3] Digeddi Brook (a tributary of the River Wye) runs along the base of the ditch. [4]
After translation (from Latin and Tudor English) the tudor antiquarian John Leyland (1503-1552) described the role of LCM as a defensive architecture. [5] [6]
Cadw have described LCM as an important relic of medieval architecture which might extend knowledge of medieval defensive practices. [1]
Motte Height | 3.5 m | Motte summit diameter | 9.0 m | Motte base diameter | 24.0 m |
“Llan” is Welsh for the sacred land around a church. [7] Llanthomas translates to Thomas church in English.
Motte and bailey castles without evidence of the original bailey are called castle mounds (or tumps or twts). [8] Until recently the grazing meadow surrounding the motte was called bailey court. [6] The words bailey and court are of Norman origin [9].
Many antiquarian and modern sources reference LCM [10] [11] with names reflecting its close proxity to Llanigon and Hay-on-Wye e.g.
Some antiquarian sources indirectly reference LCM e.g.
LCM [21] is on a private property but can be viewed from Llanthomas lane, [22] opposite the walled Llanthomas gardens, [23] which was once part of Llanthomas estate. [24] LCM is near the village of Llanigon and less than 2 miles from the "town of books" i.e. Hay-on-Wye. It is on the same lane as the Hay Festival fields ( Dairy Meadows). [25]
LCM [26] is located in Powys, Wales but has a Herefordshire postcode. It is about 2 miles from the border with England, in the area known as the Welsh Marches. [27] LCM is in the foothills of Hay Bluff in Bannau Brycheiniog (previously known as the Brecon Beacons). It was in the historic county of Brecknockshire/ Breconshire which became Powys in 1974.
LCM is on the Middle Wye Valley. [28] The castle location may have been chosen because it occupies a high point overlooking the River Wye less than a mile away. The fording point Little Fford Fawr [29] is located between LCM [30] and the south bank of the river. Mottes often had a direct line of sight to a nearby motte e.g. LCM and Llowes Castle Tump on the north bank of the river. [31] Other surviving Norman castles near LCM on the Middle Wye Valley include:
OS Map Grid Reference | SO 2091 4036 |
what3words | provoking.rave.longer |
Postcode | HR3 5PU |
Latitude: 52.056 | Longitude: -3.1548 |
Latitude: 52° 3' 21"N | Longitude: 3° 9' 17"W |
OS Eastings: 320919 | OS Northings: 240366 |
Mapcode National GBR F0.DL2G |
The Cadw scheduled report for LCM (BR078 [1]) states that there is a “strong possibility” that LCM and the scheduled area has “both structural evidence and intact associated deposits”. The report concludes that LCM is “an important relic of the medieval landscape”.
The Welsh archaeological trusts maintain regional historic environment records on behalf of the Welsh government. The Clwyd–Powys Archaeological Trust (CPAT) records for LCM include past Cadw reports: PRN: 443 (1986) [37], 38278 (1988) [38], 2586 (1995) [39].
The Coflein online database, stores the National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW). The archive is located in the National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth. The archive record for LCM (NPRN: 306308 [40]) include a hundred years of reports: 6057064, 6054097, 6064626, 6140925, 6140927, 6359576, 6464877, 6140926, 6140924, 6054098, 6059886, 6519900.
In 1921, the Reverend William Edward Thomas Morgan vicar at the pre- conquest church of St. Eigon, Llanigon, [41] an amateur archaeologist hosted a visit from the Woolhope club. [6] The club study the natural history, geology, archaeology and the history of Herefordshire, England. William dug a small excavation trench on the summit of the motte, but no artefacts were discovered. [42] There is no known record of any professional level archaeological excavation or geophysical survey of LCM.
In 1988, a professional excavation of a possible site for the bailey courtyard revealed activity associated with the motte. A number of artefacts were found including a sherd from the base of a medieval cooking pot, and a pitt filled with charcoal. The report by the archaeologist suggests that this may have been the kitchen area within the bailey. [3] A private bungalow has since been built over the excavated site. [43]
When posiible the Normans speeded up castle construction by building on an existing Iron age or Bronze age hillforts, or Roman ruins or ditch, augmenting the castle's defensive architecture. Some antiquarian scholars believed that LCM was built on an Iron Age tumulus. [18] [44] [45] [16] [9]
The second Norman invasion of Wales was successful. It was led by the Norman lord Bernard de Neufmarché (c.1050–c.1125). Brycheiniog (now Wales) was conquered between 1088 and 1095. Brycheiniog was divided into lesser lordships, and gifted to the knights who contributed to the conquest. [46]
Llanthomas lordship was part of the Hay lordship owned by William Revel, one of Bernard's knights. [15] LCM was part of the Llanthomas lordship. [15] [39]
Revel is thought to have built Hay Castle Motte, near St Mary's Church, Hay-on-Wye. [47] [48] St. Marys was separated from the ancient parish of Llanigon around 1115 A.D. [49] It is not known who built LCM but it is known to have existed from the early days of the Norman conquest. [2] [50] [51]
By the 14th century, LCM was documented as part of Llanthomas manor the domicile of the lord of the manor. The manor also included a proprietary church called Thomaschurch (PRN: 81681 [52]). The church was funded by the lord of the manor, and was financially independent of the diocese in the Church in Wales. The proprietary church had disappeared by the 18th century. [53]
A local historian has suggested that one of the first lords of the manor may have been the English Earl,
Authoritative historical primary sources and secondary sources show that there were many high status individuals who owned Llanthomas lordship. They included the nobility, the wealthy and the infamous:
The next owner of Llanthomas was neither nobility, or wealthy but some might say infamous. William Jones Thomas rejected Francis Kilvert as a suitor for his daughter Frances Eleanor Jane Thomas aka Daisy. William Thomas (and his descendents) were the last owners of the Llanthomas,
Over time the Llanthomas lordship became known as Llanthomas [57] or Llanthomas estate, or Llanthomas manor. [58] [59] The main domicile became known as Llanthomas house [60] or Llanthomas hall. [61] William Thomas converted Llanthomas hall from a Welsh long house into a grand three story mansion at great expense. Many parts of the original lordship were sold [62] including the land around LCM which was sold for farming. LCM is now part of a private residential property. A small fraction of the original lordship remains and is still known as Llanthomas. [63]
LCM is included in many online lists of medieval period castles in Wales:
Other online sites that reference LCM include:
{{
cite book}}
: CS1 maint: others (
link)