Dipteris | |
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Dipteris conjugata | |
Scientific classification
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Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Division: | Polypodiophyta |
Class: | Polypodiopsida |
Order: | Gleicheniales |
Family: | Dipteridaceae |
Genus: |
Dipteris Reinw. |
Type species | |
Dipteris conjugata Reinwardt
| |
Species | |
See text | |
Synonyms | |
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Dipteris is a genus of about seven species of ferns, native to tropical regions across the world, particularly Asia, with a species in northeastern Queensland in Australia. It is one of two genera in the family Dipteridaceae.
Species of Dipteris grow from creeping rhizomes, [1] and have large stalks to the sporangium and annulus. [2] The rhizomes have bristles (or hairs) and the fronds have uniseriate hairs (having one line or series). [3] All species of Dipteris have spore-capsules that are carried on the lower surface of the broad lobed frond. [4] The fronds can reach up to 50 cm long. [5]
Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt first published the genus in 1825, [6] by describing Dipteris conjugata Reinw. [7] which is the best known species. [8]
In 1839, R. Brown reduced the genus to a subgenus of Polypodium. [9] In 1901, Konrad Christ published Die Farnkrauter der Erde't, within which he included the genus Dipteris in the family Polypodiaceae, (a subdivision of the Polypodiacea). [10] It was then later placed into a separate genus, [4] [5] Bower (1928), Ching (1940) and Pichi-Sermolli (1958) all having recreated the family Dipteridaceae, then comprising only one genus, Dipteris, [11] due to the differences in sporangium, stomata and gametophte. [3]
The Latin genus name Dipteris refers to an amalgamation of two terms: di meaning two, and pteris Greek word used for ferns generally, meaning wing-like. [12]
Phylogeny of Dipteris [13] [14] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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As of October 2019 [update], Plants of the World Online and the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World recognized seven species: [15] [16]
Dipteris polyphyllus, a species from New Guinea has not been fully accepted as a species. [17]
Many species are found in Malaysia, Philippines, Samoa and New Guinea, growing beside Matonia (another fern species). [5] [10] Most of the species grow on rocks, exposed places, clearings and in thickets. [18]
The genus has been found to have been widely distributed during the Jurassic period, [2] of the Mesozoic Era when much of the genus was widely distributed around Europe. Such fossils have been found in England, Germany, France, Belgium, Austria, Switzerland, Bornholm (island), Greenland, and Poland. [10]
Dipteris | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Dipteris conjugata | |
Scientific classification
![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Division: | Polypodiophyta |
Class: | Polypodiopsida |
Order: | Gleicheniales |
Family: | Dipteridaceae |
Genus: |
Dipteris Reinw. |
Type species | |
Dipteris conjugata Reinwardt
| |
Species | |
See text | |
Synonyms | |
|
Dipteris is a genus of about seven species of ferns, native to tropical regions across the world, particularly Asia, with a species in northeastern Queensland in Australia. It is one of two genera in the family Dipteridaceae.
Species of Dipteris grow from creeping rhizomes, [1] and have large stalks to the sporangium and annulus. [2] The rhizomes have bristles (or hairs) and the fronds have uniseriate hairs (having one line or series). [3] All species of Dipteris have spore-capsules that are carried on the lower surface of the broad lobed frond. [4] The fronds can reach up to 50 cm long. [5]
Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt first published the genus in 1825, [6] by describing Dipteris conjugata Reinw. [7] which is the best known species. [8]
In 1839, R. Brown reduced the genus to a subgenus of Polypodium. [9] In 1901, Konrad Christ published Die Farnkrauter der Erde't, within which he included the genus Dipteris in the family Polypodiaceae, (a subdivision of the Polypodiacea). [10] It was then later placed into a separate genus, [4] [5] Bower (1928), Ching (1940) and Pichi-Sermolli (1958) all having recreated the family Dipteridaceae, then comprising only one genus, Dipteris, [11] due to the differences in sporangium, stomata and gametophte. [3]
The Latin genus name Dipteris refers to an amalgamation of two terms: di meaning two, and pteris Greek word used for ferns generally, meaning wing-like. [12]
Phylogeny of Dipteris [13] [14] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
As of October 2019 [update], Plants of the World Online and the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World recognized seven species: [15] [16]
Dipteris polyphyllus, a species from New Guinea has not been fully accepted as a species. [17]
Many species are found in Malaysia, Philippines, Samoa and New Guinea, growing beside Matonia (another fern species). [5] [10] Most of the species grow on rocks, exposed places, clearings and in thickets. [18]
The genus has been found to have been widely distributed during the Jurassic period, [2] of the Mesozoic Era when much of the genus was widely distributed around Europe. Such fossils have been found in England, Germany, France, Belgium, Austria, Switzerland, Bornholm (island), Greenland, and Poland. [10]