Elections in California |
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Part of the common law series |
Tort law |
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( Outline) |
Trespass to the person |
Property torts |
Dignitary torts |
Negligent torts |
Principles of negligence |
Strict and absolute liability |
Nuisance |
Economic torts |
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Defences |
Liability |
Remedies |
Other topics in tort law |
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By jurisdiction |
Other common law areas |
Proposition 11, sometimes known as the "Privacy Initiative" or the "Right to Privacy Initiative", was a ballot initiative to amend the constitution of the state of California to include privacy as an inalienable right to citizens in "Article 1: Declaration of Rights" of the constitution.
The Proposition was co-authored by California State Assemblyman Kenneth Cory ( D- Garden Grove) and California State Senator George Moscone (D- San Francisco) as a protective measure against government agencies collecting personal information from citizens. [1] Assemblyman Cory also expressed specific concern for privacy due to the potential threat that new technology had on compromising privacy. [1] Opponents of the measure argued that such an initiative was unnecessary since the courts and State Legislature already had the power to address issues of privacy. [1]
On November 7, 1972, the proposition overwhelmingly passed and consequently resulted in explicit references to privacy in the California State Constitution. [2]
Subsequently, Supreme Court of California decisions have used this enumerated right to grant additional rights beyond those of the California Constitution. Abortion restrictions [3] and occupancy rules that required blood relations for residents in single family zoned homes [4] were struck down under Proposition 11's guarantee to privacy, as well as discovery regarding a sexual harassment victim's sexual history and drug tests of college athletes. [5]
Elections in California |
---|
Part of the common law series |
Tort law |
---|
( Outline) |
Trespass to the person |
Property torts |
Dignitary torts |
Negligent torts |
Principles of negligence |
Strict and absolute liability |
Nuisance |
Economic torts |
|
Defences |
Liability |
Remedies |
Other topics in tort law |
|
By jurisdiction |
Other common law areas |
Proposition 11, sometimes known as the "Privacy Initiative" or the "Right to Privacy Initiative", was a ballot initiative to amend the constitution of the state of California to include privacy as an inalienable right to citizens in "Article 1: Declaration of Rights" of the constitution.
The Proposition was co-authored by California State Assemblyman Kenneth Cory ( D- Garden Grove) and California State Senator George Moscone (D- San Francisco) as a protective measure against government agencies collecting personal information from citizens. [1] Assemblyman Cory also expressed specific concern for privacy due to the potential threat that new technology had on compromising privacy. [1] Opponents of the measure argued that such an initiative was unnecessary since the courts and State Legislature already had the power to address issues of privacy. [1]
On November 7, 1972, the proposition overwhelmingly passed and consequently resulted in explicit references to privacy in the California State Constitution. [2]
Subsequently, Supreme Court of California decisions have used this enumerated right to grant additional rights beyond those of the California Constitution. Abortion restrictions [3] and occupancy rules that required blood relations for residents in single family zoned homes [4] were struck down under Proposition 11's guarantee to privacy, as well as discovery regarding a sexual harassment victim's sexual history and drug tests of college athletes. [5]