BETACORONAVIRUS 1

Betacoronavirus 1
	Transmission electron micrograph of human coronavirus OC43
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Pisuviricota
Class:	Pisoniviricetes
Order:	Nidovirales
Family:	Coronaviridae
Genus:	Betacoronavirus
Subgenus:	Embecovirus
Species:	Betacoronavirus 1
Member viruses
	Bovine coronavirus Bovine coronavirus Mebus; ; Equine coronavirus Equine coronavirus NC99; ; Human coronavirus OC43 Human coronavirus OC43 ATCC VR-759; ; Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus VW572; ;
Synonyms
	Bovine coronavirus; canine respiratory coronavirus; Equine coronavirus; Human coronavirus OC43; Human enteric coronavirus; Porcine hemagglutinating encephalitis virus; Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus;

Betacoronavirus 1 is a species of coronavirus which infects humans and cattle.^[4]^[5] The infecting virus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus and is a member of the genus Betacoronavirus and subgenus Embecovirus.^[6] Like other embecoviruses, it has an additional shorter spike-like surface protein called hemagglutinin esterase (HE) as well as the larger coronavirus spike protein.^[7]^[8]

References

^ de Groot, R.J; et al. (2009). "ICTV 9th Report (2011) New Coronaviridae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f de Groot, Raoul J.; et al. (2009). "Revision of the family Coronaviridae" (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). p. 18. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2020. A new species, Betacoronavirus 1, is proposed to accommodate previously established Betacoronavirus species of humans, cattle, swine and horses (Human enteric coronavirus; Human coronavirus OC43; Bovine coronavirus; Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus; Equine coronavirus) and a newly recognized virus of dogs (canine respiratory coronavirus; Erles et al., 2007)
^ ICTV 5th Report Francki, R. I. B., Fauquet, C. M., Knudson, D. L. & Brown, F. (eds)(1991). Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Fifthreport of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplementum 2, 452 pp. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ICTV%205th%20Report.pdf [1]
^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release" (html). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2019. Archived from the original on 4 March 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
^ Lim, Yvonne Xinyi; Ng, Yan Ling; Tam, James P.; Liu, Ding Xiang (2016-07-25). "Human Coronaviruses: A Review of Virus–Host Interactions". Diseases. 4 (3): 26. doi: 10.3390/diseases4030026. ISSN 2079-9721. PMC 5456285. PMID 28933406. See Table 1.
^ "Taxonomy browser (Betacoronavirus 1)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
^ Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Huang, Yi; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung (2010-08-24). "Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis". Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–1820. doi: 10.3390/v2081803. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 3185738. PMID 21994708. In all members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, a haemagglutinin esterase (HE) gene, which encodes a glycoprotein with neuraminate O-acetyl-esterase activity and the active site FGDS, is present downstream to ORF1ab and upstream to S gene (Figure 1).
^ Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Huang, Yi; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung (2010-08-24). "Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis". Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–1820. doi: 10.3390/v2081803. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 3185738. PMID 21994708. The presence of HE genes exclusively in members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, but not members of Betacoronavirus subgroup B, C and D suggested that the recombination had probably occurred in the ancestor of members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, after diverging from the ancestor of other subgroups of Betacoronavirus.

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[ICTV_9-1] Groot, R.J; et al. (2009). "ICTV 9th Report (2011) New Coronaviridae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.

[2008.100V-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f de Groot, Raoul J.; et al. (2009). "Revision of the family Coronaviridae" (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). p. 18. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2020. A new species, Betacoronavirus 1, is proposed to accommodate previously established Betacoronavirus species of humans, cattle, swine and horses (Human enteric coronavirus; Human coronavirus OC43; Bovine coronavirus; Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus; Equine coronavirus) and a newly recognized virus of dogs (canine respiratory coronavirus; Erles et al., 2007)

[3] ICTV 5th Report Francki, R. I. B., Fauquet, C. M., Knudson, D. L. & Brown, F. (eds)(1991). Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Fifthreport of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplementum 2, 452 pp. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ICTV%205th%20Report.pdf [1]

[ICTV-4] "Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release" (html). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2019. Archived from the original on 4 March 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2020.

[5] Lim, Yvonne Xinyi; Ng, Yan Ling; Tam, James P.; Liu, Ding Xiang (2016-07-25). "Human Coronaviruses: A Review of Virus–Host Interactions". Diseases. 4 (3): 26. doi: 10.3390/diseases4030026. ISSN 2079-9721. PMC 5456285. PMID 28933406. See Table 1.

[:0-6] "Taxonomy browser (Betacoronavirus 1)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-02-29.

[:03-7] Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Huang, Yi; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung (2010-08-24). "Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis". Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–1820. doi: 10.3390/v2081803. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 3185738. PMID 21994708. In all members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, a haemagglutinin esterase (HE) gene, which encodes a glycoprotein with neuraminate O-acetyl-esterase activity and the active site FGDS, is present downstream to ORF1ab and upstream to S gene (Figure 1).

[:022-8] Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Huang, Yi; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung (2010-08-24). "Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis". Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–1820. doi: 10.3390/v2081803. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 3185738. PMID 21994708. The presence of HE genes exclusively in members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, but not members of Betacoronavirus subgroup B, C and D suggested that the recombination had probably occurred in the ancestor of members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, after diverging from the ancestor of other subgroups of Betacoronavirus.

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Betacoronavirus 1

Transmission electron micrograph of human coronavirus OC43
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Pisuviricota
Class:	Pisoniviricetes
Order:	Nidovirales
Family:	Coronaviridae
Genus:	Betacoronavirus
Subgenus:	Embecovirus
Species:	Betacoronavirus 1
Member viruses^[1]
Bovine coronavirus Bovine coronavirus Mebus Equine coronavirus Equine coronavirus NC99 Human coronavirus OC43 Human coronavirus OC43 ATCC VR-759 Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus VW572
Synonyms
Bovine coronavirus^[2] canine respiratory coronavirus^[2] Equine coronavirus^[2] Human coronavirus OC43^[2] Human enteric coronavirus^[2] Porcine hemagglutinating encephalitis virus^[3] Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus^[2]