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This is a timeline of architecture , indexing the individual year in architecture pages. Notable events in
architecture and related disciplines including
structural engineering ,
landscape architecture , and
city planning . One significant architectural achievement is listed for each year.
Articles for each year (in bold text, below) are summarized here with a significant event as a reference point.
2019 –
Notre-Dame fire
2017 –
Apple 's new headquarters
Apple Park , designed by
Norman Foster , opened in
Cupertino, California .
2016 –
MahaNakhon opens in
Bangkok ,
Zaha Hadid dies.
2015 –
Shanghai Tower in
Shanghai , the
tallest building in China and
the second-tallest building in the world , gets completed,
Charles Correa dies.
2014 –
One World Trade Center opens in
New York City .
2013 –
Gran Torre Santiago is completed in
Santiago .
2012 – The
Tokyo Skytree opens in
Tokyo , The
Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park is open in
London for the
2012 Summer Olympics ,
Oscar Niemeyer dies.
2011 –
Al Hamra Tower , the tallest skyscraper in
Kuwait , is completed.
2010 –
Burj Khalifa became the
tallest man-made structure in the world, at 828 metres (2,717 ft).
2009 –
CityCenter opens on the
Las Vegas Strip in
Paradise, Nevada . This project is the largest privately funded construction project in the history of the United States.
2008 – "
Water Cube ", "
Bird's Nest ",
South railway station , and other buildings in
Beijing , completed for the
2008 Summer Olympics .
2007 – Tarald Lundevall completes the
Oslo Opera House in Oslo, Norway.
2006 – Construction begins on the
Freedom Tower , on the site of the former
World Trade Center .
2005 –
Casa da Música opens in
Porto, Portugal , designed by the
Dutch architect
Rem Koolhaas with
Office for Metropolitan Architecture .
2004 –
30 St Mary Axe (also known as "the
Gherkin " and the Swiss Re Building), designed by
Norman Foster , completed in the
City of London .
2003 –
Taipei 101 , designed by
C.Y. Lee & Partners
the world's tallest building from 2004 to 2010 is
topped out .
2002 –
Simmons Hall dormitory, designed by architect
Steven Holl , completed at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology .
2001 –
Jewish Museum Berlin designed by
Daniel Libeskind opens to the public.
2000 – The
Emirates Towers are both completed in
Dubai , The
London Eye is open in
London .
1999 –
Jewish Museum Berlin , designed by
Daniel Libeskind is completed.
1998 –
Petronas Twin Towers ,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia , designed by
César Pelli completed (world tallest building 1998–2004).
Kiasma Museum of Contemporary Art by
Steven Holl opens to public.
1997 –
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao designed by
Frank Gehry .
Sky Tower (Auckland) completed.
1996 –
Oscar Niemeyer completes the
Niterói Contemporary Art Museum in Brazil.
1996 –
Aronoff Center for Design and Art ,
University of Cincinnati completed by
Peter Eisenman .
1995 –
Steven Holl Architects begin construction of St. Ignatius Chapel at
Seattle University .
1994 – Building of the
Basel Signal Box by
Herzog and de Meuron
1993 – The
Umeda Sky Building in
Osaka City, Japan is completed.
1992 – The
Bank of America Corporate Center in
Charlotte, North Carolina is completed.
1991 –
Stansted Airport terminal building in
Essex , England, designed by
Norman Foster , is completed.
1990 –
Frederick Weisman Museum of Art ,
University of Minnesota completed by
Frank Gehry .
1979 –
Charles Moore designs the
Piazza d'Italia in
New Orleans .
1978 –
United Nations City in
Vienna ,
Austria is completed.
1977 – The
Centre Georges Pompidou in
Paris , designed by
Renzo Piano ,
Richard Rogers and
Gianfranco Franchini , is opened.
[1]
1976 – The
Barbican Estate , designed by Chamberlin, Powell and Bon, opens in the
City of London .
1976 – The
CN Tower in
Toronto opens as the tallest freestanding structure on land.
1975 – Completion of the
Seoul Tower in
Seoul ,
South Korea .
1974 – National Assembly Building in
Dhaka ,
Bangladesh is completed.
1973 – The
World Trade Center towers, designed by
Minoru Yamasaki , are opened in New York.
1972 – The
Transamerica Pyramid in
San Francisco ,
California , designed by
William Pereira , is completed.
1971 –
Rothko Chapel in
Houston, Texas , designed by
Mark Rothko and
Philip Johnson is completed.
1970 – Construction begins on the
Sears Tower in Chicago, designed by
Bruce Graham and
Fazlur Khan (of
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill ).
1959 –
Frank Lloyd Wright 's
Guggenheim Museum in
New York City is finished after 16 years of work on the project.
1958 – The
Seagram Building in New York designed by Ludwig
Mies van der Rohe and
Philip Johnson is completed.
1957 – The
Interbau 57 exposition in
Berlin features structures by
Alvar Aalto ,
Walter Gropius and his
The Architects' Collaborative (TAC), and an
unité by Le Corbusier.
1956 –
Crown Hall at the
Illinois Institute of Technology ,
Chicago , designed by Mies van der Rohe, is finished.
1955 – Completion of
Le Corbusier 's
Notre Dame du Haut chapel at
Ronchamp , France and
Disneyland (the world's first theme park) in
Anaheim , California.
1954 –
Louis Kahn finishes his
Yale University Art Gallery in
New Haven, Connecticut , US.
1953 – Completion of the
United Nations Headquarters in New York by a design team headed by
Wallace Harrison and
Max Abramowitz .
1952 –
Le Corbusier completes his
Unité d'Habitation in
Marseilles .
1951 –
Mies van der Rohe 's
Lake Shore Drive Apartments completed in
Chicago .
1950 –
Eames House completed in
Santa Monica, California , designed by
Charles and Ray Eames .
1939 – The 1939
World's Fair in New York includes the
Finnish Pavilion by
Alvar Aalto and the
Brazilian Pavilion by
Lucio Costa and
Oscar Niemeyer .
1938 – Frank Lloyd Wright purchases 800 acres (3.2 km2 ) of land 26 miles away from
Phoenix , and begins to build
Taliesin West , his winter home, in
Scottsdale, Arizona , US
1937 – Wright completes his house
Fallingwater , at
Bear Run, Pennsylvania .
1936 – Frank Lloyd Wright designs his monumental inward-looking
Johnson Wax Headquarters in
Racine, Wisconsin , US.
1935 –
Cass Gilbert 's
United States Supreme Court Building is posthumously finished.
1934 – Frank Lloyd Wright draws up plans for his
Broadacre City , a decentralized urban metropolis.
1933 – The
Bauhaus closes under
Nazi pressure.
1932 – The
Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York holds its exhibition on modern architecture, coining the term "
International Style ."
1931 – The
Empire State Building , designed by
Shreve, Lamb and Harmon , becomes the tallest building in the world.
1930 –
William Van Alen completes the
Chrysler Building , an Art Deco
skyscraper in
New York City , US.
1929 –
Barcelona Pavilion designed by
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe .
1929 –
Villa Savoye designed by
Le Corbusier .
1928 –
Hector Guimard builds his last house in Paris.
1927 – The
Weissenhof Estate , an exhibition of apartment houses designed by leading modern architects, held at
Stuttgart, Germany .
1926 –
Bauhaus Dessau building , designed by
Walter Gropius , opened. Antoni Gaudí and Louis Majorelle die.
1925 –
Government House of Thailand , in Bangkok, opened
1924 –
Gerrit Rietveld completes the
Schröder House in
Utrecht .
1923 – Le Corbusier publishes
Vers une architecture (Toward an Architecture) , a summary of his ideas.
1922 –
Monument to the Third International designed by
Vladimir Tatlin (unbuilt).
1921 – Frank Lloyd Wright completes his
Hollyhock House for
Aline Barnsdall in
Los Angeles , begun in 1917.
1920 – The
Einstein Tower in
Potsdam , designed by
Erich Mendelsohn , is completed.
1899 –
Hector Guimard is commissioned to design the edicules for the Paris
Métropolitain , which have become a hallmark of Art Nouveau design.
1898 – Victor Horta designs his own house, later the
Horta Museum .
1897 –
Hendrik Berlage designs his
Amsterdam Stock Exchange .
1896 –
Eugène Vallin completes his own house and studio in
Nancy (
France ), which is the first of many Art Nouveau structures built there by the members of the
École de Nancy .
1895 – The
Biltmore Estate , the largest house in the US, is completed for the
Vanderbilt family in
Asheville, North Carolina .
1894 – Louis Sullivan builds the
Guaranty Building in Buffalo, NY, US.
1893 –
Victor Horta builds what is widely considered the first full-fledged
Art Nouveau structure, the
Hôtel Tassel , in
Brussels .
1892 – Birth of Modernist architect
Richard Neutra .
1891 –
Louis Sullivan completes his
Wainwright Building in
Saint Louis .
1890 – Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler build the
Auditorium Building in
Chicago .
1819 – Birth of English architect
Horace Jones .
1818 – Birth of American architect
James Renwick Jr.
1817 –
Dulwich Picture Gallery in London is designed by Sir John Soane as the first purpose-built art gallery.
1816 –
Regent's Bridge , crossing the
River Thames in central London, designed by
James Walker , is opened.
1815 –
Brighton Pavilion is redesigned by
John Nash for the future
King George IV .
1814 – British troops burn the
White House in Washington, D.C., gutting it completely.
1813 – Death of
Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart .
1812 – The
Egyptian Hall in London, designed by P. F. Robinson, is completed.
1811 – The
United States Capitol , designed by
Benjamin Latrobe , is completed. Birth of
George Gilbert Scott .
1810 –
Old Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange , designed by
Jean-François Thomas de Thomon , is completed.
1809 – Birth of city planner
Baron Haussmann .
1808 – Construction begins on the
Paris Bourse , designed by Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart.
1807 – The
Templo de la Virgen del Carmen in
Celaya , Guanajuato, Mexico is completed.
1806 –
Arc de Triomphe , Paris from
Jean Chalgrin commissioned by
Napoleon Bonaparte .
1805 – The
Ellesmere Canal , designed by
Thomas Telford , is completed.
1804 – Completion of the
Government House in the
Bahamas .
1803 – The
Raj Bhavan in
Kolkata, West Bengal , India is finished.
1802 – The
Temple of Saint Philip Neri in
Guadalajara , Jalisco, Mexico is completed.
1801 – Birth of Henri Labrouste.
1800 – The
White House in
Washington, D.C. is completed by team of client
George Washington , planner
Pierre L'Enfant , and architect
James Hoban .
1799 – Death of French neoclassicist
Étienne-Louis Boullée .
1798 –
Karlsruhe Synagogue , usually regarded as the first building of the
Egyptian Revival architecture , built by
Friedrich Weinbrenner in
Karlsruhe .
1797 –
Ditherington Flax Mill , in
Shrewsbury , England, the world's oldest surviving iron-framed building, is completed.
1796 –
Somerset House in
London , designed by
William Chambers , is completed.
1795 – Birth of English architect
Charles Barry .
1794 –
Hwaseong Fortress in
Suwon , Korea, begins.
1793 –
Old East , the oldest public
uniir John Soane's Museum .
1791 –
Brandenburg Gate in
Berlin is completed
1790 –
1690s –
Potala Palace is completed in Tibet.
1690s – The city of
Noto , Italy, on
Sicily , is devastated by an earthquake (1693), and a rebuilding program begins in the
Baroque style.
1680s – Church of
Les Invalides , Paris is built by
Jules Hardouin-Mansart .
1670s – The
Royal Greenwich Observatory in London, designed by
Christopher Wren is completed (1676).
1660s –
Louis XIV , with the architect
Jules Hardouin-Mansart , begins to enlarge the
Palace of Versailles (1661); foundation stone of
Petersberg Citadel , Erfurt, Germany laid (1665).
1650s – Completion of the church
Sant'Agnese in Agone in Rome, designed by Borromini and
Carlo Rainaldi .
1640s – Borromini builds the church
Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza in Rome.
1630s – Emperor
Shah Jahan construct
Taj Mahal in
Agra , India.
1630s – Borromini builds the church
San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome.
1620s –
St. Peter's Basilica is completed in
Vatican City (1626).
1610s – Mohammadreza Isfahani builds
Naghsh-i Jahan Square in
Isfahan , Iran.
1600s –
33 pol bridge is constructed in Isfahan, Iran.
905 –
Aachen Cathedral consecrated (major renovations in the
10th century ).
900s –
Akhtala Monastery built, intended as a fortress.
800s –
880 – The
Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in
Constantinople , setting the model for all later
cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
848 –
San Miguel de Lillo built in the
Asturian pre-romanesque style of
Spain .
700s –
Seokguram of Korea is constructed.
605 –
Anji Bridge , China, the world's oldest known open-
spandrel segmental stone arch bridge, is completed.
600s –
St. Hripsime Church, Echmiadzin , one of the world's oldest surviving churches, constructed.
500s –
Hagia Sophia built in its present form. Oldest known surviving roof truss in
Saint Catherine's Monastery .
495–504 –
Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo , Ravenna.
[3]
470 –
Basilica of St. Martin, Tours .
[3]
432–40 –
Santa Maria Maggiore
[3] and
Santa Sabina in Rome.
[3]
400s –
Mahabalipuram , an ancient port city of south east India, constructed under
Mahendravarman I & his son
Narasimhavarman I of the Pallava Kingdom, Tamil Nadu, South India.
391 –
Serapeum of Alexandria is destroyed in a conflict between Christians and pagans.
c.330 –
Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls , Rome.
[3]
325 –
Old St. Peter's Basilica , Rome.
[3]
320 – Construction of
Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran , Rome, begun using standards that will be followed in future basilica designs.
[3]
315 –
Arch of Constantine in Rome dedicated to the
Battle of Milvian Bridge .
312 –
Aula Palatina (Basilica of Constantine) at
Trier , the brick audience hall, completed.
[4]
307–312 –
Basilica of Maxentius
[4] and Catacomb of the
Via Latina in Rome begun.
300s –
Nalanda , an ancient center of higher learning, is built in
Gupta Empire in India.
296–306 –
Baths of Diocletian in Rome.
[4]
262 –
Arch of Gallienus in
Rome completed.
231 –
Dura-Europos church in
Syria , a house built c.200 converted into a
Christian Church .
[3]
224 –
Dura-Europos synagogue one of the oldest
synagogues .
211 –
Arch of Drusus in Rome completed.
203 –
Arch of Septimius Severus in Rome completed.
212–16 –
Baths of Caracalla in Rome.
[4]
200s –
200 –
Pyramid of the Sun in
Teotihuacan is constructed.
193 – Column of Marcus Aurelius dedicated in
Rome .
134 –
Ponte Sant'Angelo across the
Tiber in Rome completed.
118–28 – Pantheon, Rome is completed, an early full dome.
[4]
113 –
Trajan's Column in Rome dedicated.
104–6 –
Alcántara Bridge , a
Roman multiple arched bridge over the
Tagus River in Spain.
82 –
Arch of Titus in Rome an artifact from the 'Temple Period' and the beginning of the
Jewish Diaspora .
100s –
Pantheon, Rome is completed.
70–80 –
Colosseum in Rome built under Emperors
Vespasian and
Titus .
60–69 –
Domus Aurea in Rome begun.
52 –
Porta Maggiore (Porta Prenestina) in
Rome built. A subterranean
Neopythagorean
basilica nearby also dates to this century.
47–50 – Romans establish the city of
Londinium in Britain.
40 – Lighthouse at
Boulogne built.
3 –
Gungnae City of
Goguryeo completed.
1-99 BC –
Vitruvius writes
De architectura (c. 15 BC). Expansion of
Herod the Great 's temple begins (c. 37 BC).
Pont du Gard (c. 50 BC),
Provence ,
France .
[4]
Pons Fabricius , oldest functional stone
Roman bridge in
Rome , Italy (62 BC).
Maison Carrée
Roman temple is constructed (c. 16 BC).
Mausoleum of Augustus is completed (28 BC).
100s – Across the
Tiber in Italy:
Ponte Milvio is the second bridge at this location (115 BC);
Pons Aemilius is the oldest stone
Roman bridge in
Rome (126 BC).
200s –
Erechtheion in
Athens completed (206 BC).
Lighthouse of Alexandria in
Egypt completed and is the tallest man-made structure in existence at the time (c. 246 BC). The city of
Djenné-Djenno is first occupied (250 BC).
Colossus of Rhodes is completed (280 BC).
300s –
University of ancient Taxila , one of the first institutes of learning (according to some historians)[
who? ] , built in the
Indian Subcontinent .
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus , one of the
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World , is completed (350 BC).
Alexander the Great founds the city of
Alexandria and plans its layout (331 BC). The city of
Antioch is founded (300 BC).
400s – Completion of the final form of the
Parthenon in
Athens (432 BC). Construction of
Pataliputra (modern day
Patna ) in the
Magadha empire (
Indian Subcontinent ) begun (490 BC).
500s – Construction of the
Temple of Artemis in
Ephesus begins (c. 500 BC).
Second Temple
in Jerusalem completed (February 25, 515 BC). Work begins on
Persepolis (515 BC).
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus completed in
Rome (509 BC).
600s – Port city of
Naucratis is founded in Egypt (c. 625 BC). Massalia (modern-day
Marseille ) is founded (c. 600 BC).
700s – According to legend, the city of Rome is founded (753 BC).
800s –
900s – The earliest Greek temple built at
Samos with some timber framing based on the
Mycenaean
megaron
[5]
4th millennium BC –
Harappa ancient city built.
5th millennium BC – (5000–3000 BC)
Yangshao culture in China.
6th millennium BC – (6000–2000 BC) Emergence of wooden frames in
Chinese architecture including the use of
mortise and tenon joinery to build wood beamed houses.
7th millennium BC –
Çatalhöyük in
Anatolia constructed without streets.
8th millennium BC – Lahuradewa architecture in Ganges plains of India. Early
Mehrgarh settlement sites in Indian subcontinent. Earliest town sites with simple residential neighbourhoods in
Jarmo ,
Jericho , and
Ain Ghazal on the Levant.
10th millennium BC –
Göbekli Tepe in Turkey, an ancient structure believed to be the first place of worship.
^
Fondazione Renzo Piano . Retrieved 2014-06-09.
^
Guest, Ivor (1991). Dr. John Radcliffe and His Trust . London: The Radcliffe Trust. p. 149.
ISBN
0-9502482-1-5 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h Calkins, Robert G. (1998). "2, Early Christian Buildings". Medieval Architecture in Western Europe, From A.D. 300 to 1500 . New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 14–30.
^
a
b
c
d
e
f Calkins, Robert G. (1998). "1, Classical Antecedents". Medieval Architecture in Western Europe, From A.D. 300 to 1500 . New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–13.
^ Norwich, John Julius, ed.. great architecture of the world: from ancient times to the present, with more than 800 diagrams, drawings, and photographs . 2001. 68.
ISBN
0306810425
^
Stonehenge#After the monument (1600 BC on)