Amarna letter EA 100, titled: "The City of Irqata to the King" [1] is a short-, to moderate-length clay tablet Amarna letter from the city-state of Irqata, (modern Arqa), written to the Pharaoh of Egypt. Only one other city sent a clay tablet Amarna letter to the Pharaoh, namely Tunip, letter EA 59, titled: "From the Citizens of Tunip".
The letter concerns the "watch-guarding" of Irqata, regional warfare (with the Habiru/ 'Apiru), and the city's continued protection, and loyalty to the Egyptian Pharaoh. The letter implies their loyalty, their constant vigilance, and need for assistance from the Pharaoh, either implied by troop needs, or at least awareness from the Pharaoh, of their needs.
EA 100 is located at the British Museum, no 29825. Tablet letter EA 100 can be viewed here: Obverse: [1], Reverse: [2].
EA 100, letter one of one from the elders of city-state Irqata. (Not a linear, line-by-line translation.) [1]
Obverse: [2]
Reverse: [3]
The mention of the Habiru shows the conflict of the time, as the takeover of city-states or regions by the Habiru. The map shows various cities and regions, and their respective dealings with the Habiru. (There are only 3 letters from Labaya of Šakmu/ Shechem.) The next closest mention of the Habiru is from the Jerusalem letters of Abdi-Heba, directly south at Jerusalem, letters EA 286, 287, 288, 289, and EA 290.
Text: Akkadian language, sumerograms, Egyptianisms, etc. [4]
Akkadian:
Obverse:
Paragraph I (see here:
[3])
Paragraph I–Cuneiform score, Akkadian, English
1.
Ṭup-
pí
an-
nu-
ú,..
ṭup-
pí
___țuppu annû, – țuppu
___(Tablet this,.. tablet (of)- )
2._
URU_ -
IR-
Qa-
Ta,..
a-
na (lugal=ŠÀR-ru)_
LUGAL_-
ri
____
URU_ -
IR-
Qa-
Ta,..
a
na (lugal=ŠÀR-ru)_
LUGAL_-
ri
___(-City-Irqata,.. to
King(=ŠÀR-ru)- )
3._
EN_-
nu,..
um-
ma,.. Quote_
URU_-
IR-
Qa-
Ta
___ _
EN_-
nu,.. –
um
ma,.. _
URU_-
IR-
Qa-
Ta—!
___(_
Lord_-Ours,.. – "message thus",.. Quote-City-state-Irqata—!..-- )
4.
ù _
LÚ.
MEŠ_
ši-
bu(!)-
ti-
ši,..
___
u _
LÚ.
MEŠ_
ši-
bu(!)-
ti-
ši (šību),..
___(
and (_LÚ.MEŠ_)-(šību)"the elders"—!.. )
5.
a
na _GÌR.
MEŠ,.. Quote-
LUGAL_-
ri _
EN_-
nuUnquote,..
šību
___(at (the) Feet(pl),.. "King-Lord-Ours",.. )
6.
___(and) 7 'times again',.. we bow!,.. )(?we address you?UnQuote)
7.
___(.. To Lord-Ours,.. God-"Sun-God",.. "message thus"-(of) -- )
Paragraph II–Cuneiform score, Akkadian, English
Cuneiform score (per CDLI, Chicago Digital Library Initiative), and Akkadian, and English.
Paragraph-(lines 11-18)
11.
I-
nu-
ma
yu-
wa-
ši-
ra#,..
LUGAL#
___(
I
nū
ma
aṣ
û/
ušš
uru,.. LUGAL(=
ŠÀR-
ru)- )
___("Now-(at-this-time)",.. sent-(by),.. (the)
King- )
12._
en_-
nu,.. 1=m=
diš
1.
diš "
1=[
_DUMU_ ]-
Bi-
Ha-
A,.. [
ù ]
___(Bēlu-
nu,.. "1.
DUMU-
Bi-
Ha-
A",..
u,.. )
___(..-Lord-
Ours,.. 1.-DUMU(
son(=
Compatriot))-Bi-Ha-A,..
And,.. )
Subsection 2 of 5
12.8---------[
Ù ]
___-------------
u
___---------(..
And,.. )
13.
yi-
iq-
bi,..
a-
na
ia-[
ši ]-
nu#
___(..
qa
bû,..
a
na
iā
ši,.. )
___(..(He) said,.. to us,.. )
Subsection 3 of 5
14.Quote
Um
ma
LUGAL,..
ú#-
ṣa-
ru-
mi#
___(Quote"Umma" (the) LUGAL: Naṣāru!.. )
___(Quote"Message thus" (the) King,.. Guard!.. )
15.
URU-
IR-
Qa-
Ta
dumu-
meš#–!
___(City-Irqata!..Unquote .. DUMU.MEŠ (of),.. )
___(City-state-Irqata!Unquote.. "Sons"(Compatriots),.. )
Subsection 4 of 5
15.6--------( DUMU.MEŠ# )
___-----------( DUMU.MEŠ
___------——---(.."Sons"(Compatriots),.. )
16.
LÚ-
ša-
ri
LUGAL-
ri
___(LÚ-ša-ri,.. (of the)-Šarru,.. )
___(of the traitor,.. (of the)King,.. )
17.
tu-
ba-
ú-
na-
nu–
___(tebû-("us")?2nd-Unquote?!–!.. )
___("seek harm"(attack/'to rise up')?2nd-Unquote?!–!.. )
Subsection 5 of 5
18.
URU-
IR-
Qa-
Ta,..
tu-
a-[-
ú#––.. ]
___City-Irqata,.. tâbu–!... )
___(City-Irqata,.. "seeks loyalty"–!..(="to be good") )–!
Paragraph-(lines 19-32)
Reverse: (see here: [4])
Paragraph III–Cuneiform score, Akkadian, English
Cuneiform score (per CDLI, Chicago Digital Library Initiative), and Akkadian, and English.
Paragraph-(lines 33-43)
Paragraph IV–Cuneiform score, Akkadian, English
Cuneiform score (per CDLI, Chicago Digital Library Initiative), and Akkadian, and English.
Paragraph-(lines 33-43)
38.
iš-
tu
mu-
hi-
nu
39.
a-
bu-
la
nu-
ú-
du-
lu,..
a-
di
40.
ka-
ša-
di,..
ša-
ri
___(
ka
šā
du
[5],..
šā
ru,.. )
___("emplaced")"Returned,.. (the)-Breath,.. )
41. ..
LUGAL#,..
a-
na
ia-
ši-
nu
__(
LUGAL,..
a
na
iā
ši-
nu,.. )
__(..(of the) King,.. for Us!.. )
segue:
42.
kal#-
ga,..
nu-
kúr,..
UGU-
nu
___(
kal
u,..
nu
kurtu,..
UGU-
nu,.. ) – !
___(..("All")Severe,.. Warfare,.. UPON-us.. ) – !
43.[
ma-]-
gal
ma-
gal
___
ma
gal – !,
ma
gal – !
___("Strongly",.. "Strongly",.. (Terribly – !.. Terribly – !...) )
Amarna letter EA 100, titled: "The City of Irqata to the King" [1] is a short-, to moderate-length clay tablet Amarna letter from the city-state of Irqata, (modern Arqa), written to the Pharaoh of Egypt. Only one other city sent a clay tablet Amarna letter to the Pharaoh, namely Tunip, letter EA 59, titled: "From the Citizens of Tunip".
The letter concerns the "watch-guarding" of Irqata, regional warfare (with the Habiru/ 'Apiru), and the city's continued protection, and loyalty to the Egyptian Pharaoh. The letter implies their loyalty, their constant vigilance, and need for assistance from the Pharaoh, either implied by troop needs, or at least awareness from the Pharaoh, of their needs.
EA 100 is located at the British Museum, no 29825. Tablet letter EA 100 can be viewed here: Obverse: [1], Reverse: [2].
EA 100, letter one of one from the elders of city-state Irqata. (Not a linear, line-by-line translation.) [1]
Obverse: [2]
Reverse: [3]
The mention of the Habiru shows the conflict of the time, as the takeover of city-states or regions by the Habiru. The map shows various cities and regions, and their respective dealings with the Habiru. (There are only 3 letters from Labaya of Šakmu/ Shechem.) The next closest mention of the Habiru is from the Jerusalem letters of Abdi-Heba, directly south at Jerusalem, letters EA 286, 287, 288, 289, and EA 290.
Text: Akkadian language, sumerograms, Egyptianisms, etc. [4]
Akkadian:
Obverse:
Paragraph I (see here:
[3])
Paragraph I–Cuneiform score, Akkadian, English
1.
Ṭup-
pí
an-
nu-
ú,..
ṭup-
pí
___țuppu annû, – țuppu
___(Tablet this,.. tablet (of)- )
2._
URU_ -
IR-
Qa-
Ta,..
a-
na (lugal=ŠÀR-ru)_
LUGAL_-
ri
____
URU_ -
IR-
Qa-
Ta,..
a
na (lugal=ŠÀR-ru)_
LUGAL_-
ri
___(-City-Irqata,.. to
King(=ŠÀR-ru)- )
3._
EN_-
nu,..
um-
ma,.. Quote_
URU_-
IR-
Qa-
Ta
___ _
EN_-
nu,.. –
um
ma,.. _
URU_-
IR-
Qa-
Ta—!
___(_
Lord_-Ours,.. – "message thus",.. Quote-City-state-Irqata—!..-- )
4.
ù _
LÚ.
MEŠ_
ši-
bu(!)-
ti-
ši,..
___
u _
LÚ.
MEŠ_
ši-
bu(!)-
ti-
ši (šību),..
___(
and (_LÚ.MEŠ_)-(šību)"the elders"—!.. )
5.
a
na _GÌR.
MEŠ,.. Quote-
LUGAL_-
ri _
EN_-
nuUnquote,..
šību
___(at (the) Feet(pl),.. "King-Lord-Ours",.. )
6.
___(and) 7 'times again',.. we bow!,.. )(?we address you?UnQuote)
7.
___(.. To Lord-Ours,.. God-"Sun-God",.. "message thus"-(of) -- )
Paragraph II–Cuneiform score, Akkadian, English
Cuneiform score (per CDLI, Chicago Digital Library Initiative), and Akkadian, and English.
Paragraph-(lines 11-18)
11.
I-
nu-
ma
yu-
wa-
ši-
ra#,..
LUGAL#
___(
I
nū
ma
aṣ
û/
ušš
uru,.. LUGAL(=
ŠÀR-
ru)- )
___("Now-(at-this-time)",.. sent-(by),.. (the)
King- )
12._
en_-
nu,.. 1=m=
diš
1.
diš "
1=[
_DUMU_ ]-
Bi-
Ha-
A,.. [
ù ]
___(Bēlu-
nu,.. "1.
DUMU-
Bi-
Ha-
A",..
u,.. )
___(..-Lord-
Ours,.. 1.-DUMU(
son(=
Compatriot))-Bi-Ha-A,..
And,.. )
Subsection 2 of 5
12.8---------[
Ù ]
___-------------
u
___---------(..
And,.. )
13.
yi-
iq-
bi,..
a-
na
ia-[
ši ]-
nu#
___(..
qa
bû,..
a
na
iā
ši,.. )
___(..(He) said,.. to us,.. )
Subsection 3 of 5
14.Quote
Um
ma
LUGAL,..
ú#-
ṣa-
ru-
mi#
___(Quote"Umma" (the) LUGAL: Naṣāru!.. )
___(Quote"Message thus" (the) King,.. Guard!.. )
15.
URU-
IR-
Qa-
Ta
dumu-
meš#–!
___(City-Irqata!..Unquote .. DUMU.MEŠ (of),.. )
___(City-state-Irqata!Unquote.. "Sons"(Compatriots),.. )
Subsection 4 of 5
15.6--------( DUMU.MEŠ# )
___-----------( DUMU.MEŠ
___------——---(.."Sons"(Compatriots),.. )
16.
LÚ-
ša-
ri
LUGAL-
ri
___(LÚ-ša-ri,.. (of the)-Šarru,.. )
___(of the traitor,.. (of the)King,.. )
17.
tu-
ba-
ú-
na-
nu–
___(tebû-("us")?2nd-Unquote?!–!.. )
___("seek harm"(attack/'to rise up')?2nd-Unquote?!–!.. )
Subsection 5 of 5
18.
URU-
IR-
Qa-
Ta,..
tu-
a-[-
ú#––.. ]
___City-Irqata,.. tâbu–!... )
___(City-Irqata,.. "seeks loyalty"–!..(="to be good") )–!
Paragraph-(lines 19-32)
Reverse: (see here: [4])
Paragraph III–Cuneiform score, Akkadian, English
Cuneiform score (per CDLI, Chicago Digital Library Initiative), and Akkadian, and English.
Paragraph-(lines 33-43)
Paragraph IV–Cuneiform score, Akkadian, English
Cuneiform score (per CDLI, Chicago Digital Library Initiative), and Akkadian, and English.
Paragraph-(lines 33-43)
38.
iš-
tu
mu-
hi-
nu
39.
a-
bu-
la
nu-
ú-
du-
lu,..
a-
di
40.
ka-
ša-
di,..
ša-
ri
___(
ka
šā
du
[5],..
šā
ru,.. )
___("emplaced")"Returned,.. (the)-Breath,.. )
41. ..
LUGAL#,..
a-
na
ia-
ši-
nu
__(
LUGAL,..
a
na
iā
ši-
nu,.. )
__(..(of the) King,.. for Us!.. )
segue:
42.
kal#-
ga,..
nu-
kúr,..
UGU-
nu
___(
kal
u,..
nu
kurtu,..
UGU-
nu,.. ) – !
___(..("All")Severe,.. Warfare,.. UPON-us.. ) – !
43.[
ma-]-
gal
ma-
gal
___
ma
gal – !,
ma
gal – !
___("Strongly",.. "Strongly",.. (Terribly – !.. Terribly – !...) )