line 1 (2nd sign for na): "To King-Lord-mine", " a-na LUGAL EN- ia".
line 3: "Servant-yours, at...", " ARAD- ka, a-na...." [2]
(Note: the 2 horizontals at the right side of "ka", are barely visible, compared to the 2 well-scribed verticals)
(high resolution exandable photo)
The cuneiform na sign is a common, multi-use sign, a syllabic for na, and an alphabetic sign used for n, or a; it is common in both the Epic of Gilgamesh over hundreds of years, and the 1350 BC Amarna letters. In the Epic of Gilgamesh it also has sumerogramic (capital letter ( majuscule)) usage for NA. An example usage for NA in the Epic is for the spelling of NA.GAD, (also LÚ.NA.GAD, and the plural LÚ.NA.GAD. MEŠ), for Akkadian language "nāqidu", [3] "herdsman". The usage for NA in herdsman is only for 3 spellings.
The commonness of cuneiform na, in the top 25 used signs by Buccellati (Buccellati 1979),
[4] (2nd highest usage, exceeded by a:
a (cuneiform)) is because of usage for the spelling of a-na (Akkadian language "ana"
[5])
-
, the common preposition spelling for
English language: to, for, by, of, at, etc.. It is also a component for the Akkadian language preposition: i-na (ina), meaning: in, into, by, etc..
The na sign usage from the Epic of Gilgamesh is as follows: na-(736 times), NA-(24). [6]
Variety forms of cuneiform "na"
In the
Amarna letters,
EA 205, EA 364, etc., (see here
[1], for a medium resolution, line 3 ARAD-ka a-na,
EA 364) an alternate form of na, replaces the left side of the sign with: 2-horizontals
, and a small
wedge above, with the vertical anchoring the right,
-
.
For
Marduk-nadin-ahhe's
kudurru at the
British Museum, na is constructed approximately as follows: 1-horizontal lies at the sign's left
, followed by a large wedge, then the vertical, resulting in a sign approximately as follows:
.
References
- ^ Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 365, Justified War, p. 362.
- ^ Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Anson F. Rainey, (AOAT 8, Alter Orient Altes Testament 8)
- ^ Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, nāqidu, p. 134.
- ^ Buccellati, Giorgio, (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian, pp. 95-100, Graph, p. 96. (i.e. Ugarit and Amarna (letters), three others, Mari, OB, Royal letters, OB, non-Royal letters)
- ^ Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, ana, pp. 120-121.
- ^ Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, Sign no. 070, p. 156.
- Buccellati, Giorgio, (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian, pp. 95–100.
- Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)
- Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), 165 pages.(softcover, ISBN 951-45-7760-4)-(Volume 1)
- Ugarit Forschungen (Neukirchen-Vluyn). UF-11 (1979) honors Claude Schaeffer, with about 100 articles in 900 pages. pp 95, ff, "Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian", author Giorgio Buccellati, ( i.e. Ugarit and Amarna (letters), three others, Mari, OB, Royal letters, OB, non-Royal letters).
|
|
![[1]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ayyab_letter_mp3h8880.jpg/682px-Ayyab_letter_mp3h8880.jpg){kind=link}
line 1 (2nd sign for na): "To King-Lord-mine", " a-na LUGAL EN- ia".
line 3: "Servant-yours, at...", " ARAD- ka, a-na...." [2]
(Note: the 2 horizontals at the right side of "ka", are barely visible, compared to the 2 well-scribed verticals)
(high resolution exandable photo)
The cuneiform na sign is a common, multi-use sign, a syllabic for na, and an alphabetic sign used for n, or a; it is common in both the Epic of Gilgamesh over hundreds of years, and the 1350 BC Amarna letters. In the Epic of Gilgamesh it also has sumerogramic (capital letter ( majuscule)) usage for NA. An example usage for NA in the Epic is for the spelling of NA.GAD, (also LÚ.NA.GAD, and the plural LÚ.NA.GAD. MEŠ), for Akkadian language "nāqidu", [3] "herdsman". The usage for NA in herdsman is only for 3 spellings.
The commonness of cuneiform na, in the top 25 used signs by Buccellati (Buccellati 1979),
[4] (2nd highest usage, exceeded by a:
a (cuneiform)) is because of usage for the spelling of a-na (Akkadian language "ana"
[5])
-
, the common preposition spelling for
English language: to, for, by, of, at, etc.. It is also a component for the Akkadian language preposition: i-na (ina), meaning: in, into, by, etc..
The na sign usage from the Epic of Gilgamesh is as follows: na-(736 times), NA-(24). [6]
Variety forms of cuneiform "na"
In the
Amarna letters,
EA 205, EA 364, etc., (see here
[1], for a medium resolution, line 3 ARAD-ka a-na,
EA 364) an alternate form of na, replaces the left side of the sign with: 2-horizontals
, and a small
wedge above, with the vertical anchoring the right,
-
.
For
Marduk-nadin-ahhe's
kudurru at the
British Museum, na is constructed approximately as follows: 1-horizontal lies at the sign's left
, followed by a large wedge, then the vertical, resulting in a sign approximately as follows:
.
References
- ^ Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 365, Justified War, p. 362.
- ^ Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Anson F. Rainey, (AOAT 8, Alter Orient Altes Testament 8)
- ^ Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, nāqidu, p. 134.
- ^ Buccellati, Giorgio, (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian, pp. 95-100, Graph, p. 96. (i.e. Ugarit and Amarna (letters), three others, Mari, OB, Royal letters, OB, non-Royal letters)
- ^ Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, ana, pp. 120-121.
- ^ Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, Sign no. 070, p. 156.
- Buccellati, Giorgio, (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian, pp. 95–100.
- Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)
- Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), 165 pages.(softcover, ISBN 951-45-7760-4)-(Volume 1)
- Ugarit Forschungen (Neukirchen-Vluyn). UF-11 (1979) honors Claude Schaeffer, with about 100 articles in 900 pages. pp 95, ff, "Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian", author Giorgio Buccellati, ( i.e. Ugarit and Amarna (letters), three others, Mari, OB, Royal letters, OB, non-Royal letters).
|
|