March 12 – Emperor
Manuel I (Komnenos) orders the arrest of all Venetians in his empire, and seizes their ships and goods. In September, Doge
Vitale II Michiel leads a Venetian fleet (120 ships) against the Byzantines, conquering the cities of
Trogir and
Dubrovnik. But the plague takes a heavy toll among the fleet's crewmen; half the ships have to be burned to keep them from falling into enemy hands. A plague also breaks out in
Venice, when the remaining ships return.
July – King
Henry II decides to lead a military expedition to
Ireland and summons
Richard de Clare (Strongbow) to join forces. In September, Richard travels to
England and promises his loyalty to Henry. He is granted
Leinster as a fiefdom and is honored with the post of "royal constable in Ireland". The army is assembled at
Pembroke – several
siege towers are shipped over, should Henry need to assault the Norman-held towns (or others such as
Cork and
Limerick).[2]
October 17 – Henry II
invades Ireland and lands with a large army of at least 500 mounted knights, and 4,000 men and archers at
Waterford. Henry commandeers merchant ships as part of his invasion.[3] He claims the ports of
Dublin, Waterford, and
Wexford, and promises the Irish chieftains protection if they will acknowledge him as their overlord. Henry is recognized as "Lord of Ireland", traders are invited to Dublin where an English colony is set up.[3]
Ascall mac Ragnaill (or Torcaill), last
Norse–Gaelic king of Dublin, is captured while trying to retake Dublin from the English forces under Richard de Clare, perhaps in company with
Sweyn Asleifsson, and is beheaded. Before the end of the year, Richard relinquishes possession of the city to Henry II, who converts it into an English royal town.
Levant
March 10 – King
Amalric I of
Jerusalem departs with a large staff for
Constantinople. At
Callipolis he is met by his father-in-law,
John Doukas Komnenos, military governor (doux) of
Cyprus. Amalric enters the Byzantine capital and is welcomed by Manuel I. In June, a treaty is signed, Amalric recognizes Manuel's suzerainty over Jerusalem.[4]
September 25 – Saladin leads an Egyptian army to take part in a joint attack on the Crusader castles
Kerak and
Montréal, south of the
Dead Sea. In November, Saladin withdraws his forces to
Cairo to suppress a coup.
Asia
Yesugei (Baghatur), Mongol chieftain, arranges a marriage between his 9-year-old son
Temujin (Genghis Khan) and the daughter of the chief of a nearby clan,
Börte. He is poisoned by the
Tatars while sharing a meal during the wedding.[5]
^McGrank, Lawrence (1981). "Norman crusaders and the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and the principality of Tarragona 1129-55". journal of Medieval History. 7 (1): 67–82.
doi:
10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1.
^Martin, Francis Xavier (2008). "Chapter 2: Diarmaid mac Murchadha and the coming of the Anglo-Normans". In Art Cosgrove (ed.). A New History of Ireland, Volume II: Medieval Ireland 1169–1534. Oxford University Press. p. 87.
^
abWarren, W. L. (1961). King John. University of California Press. pp. 34, 121.
^Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 318–319.
ISBN978-0-241-29876-3.
^Cleaves, Francis Woodman (1982). The Secret History of the Mongols, p. 17. Harvard-Yenching Institute.
ISBN978-0-674-79670-6.
March 12 – Emperor
Manuel I (Komnenos) orders the arrest of all Venetians in his empire, and seizes their ships and goods. In September, Doge
Vitale II Michiel leads a Venetian fleet (120 ships) against the Byzantines, conquering the cities of
Trogir and
Dubrovnik. But the plague takes a heavy toll among the fleet's crewmen; half the ships have to be burned to keep them from falling into enemy hands. A plague also breaks out in
Venice, when the remaining ships return.
July – King
Henry II decides to lead a military expedition to
Ireland and summons
Richard de Clare (Strongbow) to join forces. In September, Richard travels to
England and promises his loyalty to Henry. He is granted
Leinster as a fiefdom and is honored with the post of "royal constable in Ireland". The army is assembled at
Pembroke – several
siege towers are shipped over, should Henry need to assault the Norman-held towns (or others such as
Cork and
Limerick).[2]
October 17 – Henry II
invades Ireland and lands with a large army of at least 500 mounted knights, and 4,000 men and archers at
Waterford. Henry commandeers merchant ships as part of his invasion.[3] He claims the ports of
Dublin, Waterford, and
Wexford, and promises the Irish chieftains protection if they will acknowledge him as their overlord. Henry is recognized as "Lord of Ireland", traders are invited to Dublin where an English colony is set up.[3]
Ascall mac Ragnaill (or Torcaill), last
Norse–Gaelic king of Dublin, is captured while trying to retake Dublin from the English forces under Richard de Clare, perhaps in company with
Sweyn Asleifsson, and is beheaded. Before the end of the year, Richard relinquishes possession of the city to Henry II, who converts it into an English royal town.
Levant
March 10 – King
Amalric I of
Jerusalem departs with a large staff for
Constantinople. At
Callipolis he is met by his father-in-law,
John Doukas Komnenos, military governor (doux) of
Cyprus. Amalric enters the Byzantine capital and is welcomed by Manuel I. In June, a treaty is signed, Amalric recognizes Manuel's suzerainty over Jerusalem.[4]
September 25 – Saladin leads an Egyptian army to take part in a joint attack on the Crusader castles
Kerak and
Montréal, south of the
Dead Sea. In November, Saladin withdraws his forces to
Cairo to suppress a coup.
Asia
Yesugei (Baghatur), Mongol chieftain, arranges a marriage between his 9-year-old son
Temujin (Genghis Khan) and the daughter of the chief of a nearby clan,
Börte. He is poisoned by the
Tatars while sharing a meal during the wedding.[5]
^McGrank, Lawrence (1981). "Norman crusaders and the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and the principality of Tarragona 1129-55". journal of Medieval History. 7 (1): 67–82.
doi:
10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1.
^Martin, Francis Xavier (2008). "Chapter 2: Diarmaid mac Murchadha and the coming of the Anglo-Normans". In Art Cosgrove (ed.). A New History of Ireland, Volume II: Medieval Ireland 1169–1534. Oxford University Press. p. 87.
^
abWarren, W. L. (1961). King John. University of California Press. pp. 34, 121.
^Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 318–319.
ISBN978-0-241-29876-3.
^Cleaves, Francis Woodman (1982). The Secret History of the Mongols, p. 17. Harvard-Yenching Institute.
ISBN978-0-674-79670-6.