Much to the delight of the citizens of
Chang'an, the
Chinese government of the
Tang dynasty orders
fruit trees to be planted along every main avenue of the city, which enriches not only the diets of the people but also the surroundings (approximate date)
Artabasdos, Byzantine general (strategos) of the Armeniac
theme, defeats Constantine V and advances on Constantinople, where he is crowned emperor. He secures the support of the themes of
Thrace and
Opsikion, and abandons Leo's religious policy of
iconoclasm. Constantine seeks the support of the
Anatolic theme.
In 741 and 744, documents in the archives of
St. Gallen Abbey describe the village of
Kempraten as Centoprato, another document in
863 as Centiprata, inspired by the Latin name Centum Prata.
April 23 – A fire destroys the English city of
York Minster, including its Church.[11] The church is later rebuilt as a more impressive structure, containing thirty
altars.
Japanese authorities
decree that
Buddhist temples should be established throughout the country (approximate date).
Emperor
Xuan Zong begins to favor
Taoism over
Buddhism, adopting the new reign title Tianbao ("Heavenly Treasures"), to indicate his divine
mandate. The total number of enlisted troops in the Tang armies has risen to about half a million, due to Xuan Zongs's earlier military reforms.
For the
municipal census of the Chinese capital city
Chang'an and its
metropolitan area of
Jingzhou (including small towns in the vicinity), the New Book of Tang records that in this year there are 362,921 registered families with 1,960,188 people.
Li Bai (also Li Po), Chinese
poet, is summoned by Xuan Zong to attend the imperial court. He and his friend
Du Fu become the two most prominent figures in the flourishing of
Chinese poetry, during the mid-
Tang dynasty.
Emperor Shōmu changes the law of Perpetual Ownership of Cultivated Lands. This permits
aristocrats and members of the
clergy to cultivate land. The new farmland will be called shoin.
October – Hildeprand is deposed by the council of
nobles, for his incompetence as ruler. He is succeeded by
Ratchis (formerly duke of
Friuli) as king of the
Lombards, who makes peace with
Pope Zachary.[17]
In 741 and 744, documents in the archives of
St. Gallen Abbey describe the village of
Kempraten as Centoprato, another document in
863 as Centiprata, inspired by the Latin name Centum Prata.
Ufenau island in
Switzerland is first mentioned in 741 as "Hupinauia", and in 744 as "Ubinauvia" — island of Huppan of Huphan.
Britain
Wat's Dyke, a 40 mile (64 km)
earthwork in present-day
Wales, is constructed. The border between
Mercia and
Powys is set here. The date that Wat's Dyke was constructed is very uncertain, with some estimates linking the construction of the dyke to the 5th century and others to the early 9th century (approximate date).
Carantania (modern
Austria) loses its independence and becomes part of the Frankish Kingdom, due to the pressing danger posed by
Avar tribes from the east (approximate date).
King
Ratchis codifies the
Lombard laws, promulgated in
Latin, and advised by his council and the
Lombard army (approximate date).
Britain
King
Saelred of Essex dies after a 37-year reign. He is succeeded by
Swithred, grandson of the late king
Sigeheard. Like his predecessors, he is not an independent ruler, but a sub-king of
Mercia.[23]
December 9 –
Nasr ibn Sayyar, Arab governor of Khorasan, dies after a 10-year administration in which he has fought vigorously against dissident tribes,
Turgesh neighbors, and the Abbasids. Nasr had imposed
poll taxes (jizya) on non-
Muslims, and introduced a system of land
taxation for
Muslim Arabs.
The city of
Baalbek (modern
Lebanon) is sacked with great slaughter.
King
Ratchis of the
Lombards besieges
Perugia, but is convinced to lift the
siege by
Pope Zachary. His decision to lift the siege of Perugia undermines his authority among the Lombard nobility, and ultimately results in the nobility deposing him at a council in
Milan. King Ratchis is forced to retire with his family to the
monastery at
Monte Cassino.
August 19 –
Emperor Shōmu abdicates the
throne, after a 25-year reign that has been dominated by his wife (and aunt),
Kōmyō, a commoner he married at age 16. He is succeeded by his daughter
Kōken; Shōmu becomes the first retired emperor to become a
Buddhist priest.[28]
^de Oliviera Marques, A. H. (1993). "O Portugal Islâmico". In Joel Serrão and A. H. de Oliverira Marques (ed.). Hova Historia de Portugal. Portugal das Invasões Germânicas à Reconquista. Lisbon: Editorial Presença. p. 123.
^Hartmann, Ludo Moritz. Geschichte Italiens im Mittelalter. II, pp. 2, 139.
^D.P. Kirby, The Earliest English Kings. London: Unwin Hyman, 1991. pp. 150 & 154
ISBN0-04-445691-3
^Barbara Yorke, Kings and Kingdoms in Early Anglo-Saxon England. London: Seaby, 1990. p. 89
ISBN1-85264-027-8
^David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 19).
ISBN978-184603-230-1
^"Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) pp24
^Serrão, Joel; de Oliveira Marques, A. H. (1993). "O Portugal Islâmico". Hova Historia de Portugal. Portugal das Invasões Germânicas à Reconquista. Lisbon: Editorial Presença. p. 123.
^Brian Todd Carey (2012). Road to Manzikert: "Byzantine warfare in an age of Crisis and Recovery", p. 71.
ISBN978-1-84884-215-1
^Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250. Cambridge University Press,
ISBN9780521815390
^Letter by Pope Zacharias to Boniface, dated Nov. 5, 744, ed. Tangl (no.58), tr. Emerton.
^Pierre Riche, The Carolingians: A Family who forged Europe, pp. 51–52.
^Grapard, Allan G. (1992).
The Protocol of the Gods: A Study of the Kasuga Cult in Japanese History, p. 67; excerpt, "We have no information concerning Genbō's exile; the Shoku-Nihongi states simply that Genbō behaved in a manner that did not befit his ecclesiastic position and that he died in 746 as he was trying to escape."; Matsunaga, p. 125; excerpt, "...the degree of Genbō's corruption remains equivocal."
^Barbara Yorke, 'East Saxons, kings of the (act. late 6th cent.–c.820)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
accessed 9 Feb 2008
^Pryor, John H.; Jeffreys, Elizabeth M. (2006), The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204, Brill Academic Publishers, p. 33,
ISBN978-90-04-15197-0
^McCormick, Michael (2002). "New Light on the 'Dark Ages': How the Slave Trade Fuelled the Carolingian Economy". Past & Present. 177 (177): 17–54.
doi:
10.1093/past/177.1.17.
ISSN0031-2746.
JSTOR3600877.
^David Nicolle (2009). The Great Islamic Conquests 632–750 AD, p. 78.
ISBN978-1-84603-273-8
^Varley, H. Paul (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. New York: Columbia University Press.
ISBN0-231-04940-4
Sources
Hallenbeck, Jan T. (1982). "Pavia and Rome: The Lombard Monarchy and the Papacy in the Eighth Century". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. New Series. 72 (4): 1–186.
doi:
10.2307/1006429.
JSTOR1006429.
Much to the delight of the citizens of
Chang'an, the
Chinese government of the
Tang dynasty orders
fruit trees to be planted along every main avenue of the city, which enriches not only the diets of the people but also the surroundings (approximate date)
Artabasdos, Byzantine general (strategos) of the Armeniac
theme, defeats Constantine V and advances on Constantinople, where he is crowned emperor. He secures the support of the themes of
Thrace and
Opsikion, and abandons Leo's religious policy of
iconoclasm. Constantine seeks the support of the
Anatolic theme.
In 741 and 744, documents in the archives of
St. Gallen Abbey describe the village of
Kempraten as Centoprato, another document in
863 as Centiprata, inspired by the Latin name Centum Prata.
April 23 – A fire destroys the English city of
York Minster, including its Church.[11] The church is later rebuilt as a more impressive structure, containing thirty
altars.
Japanese authorities
decree that
Buddhist temples should be established throughout the country (approximate date).
Emperor
Xuan Zong begins to favor
Taoism over
Buddhism, adopting the new reign title Tianbao ("Heavenly Treasures"), to indicate his divine
mandate. The total number of enlisted troops in the Tang armies has risen to about half a million, due to Xuan Zongs's earlier military reforms.
For the
municipal census of the Chinese capital city
Chang'an and its
metropolitan area of
Jingzhou (including small towns in the vicinity), the New Book of Tang records that in this year there are 362,921 registered families with 1,960,188 people.
Li Bai (also Li Po), Chinese
poet, is summoned by Xuan Zong to attend the imperial court. He and his friend
Du Fu become the two most prominent figures in the flourishing of
Chinese poetry, during the mid-
Tang dynasty.
Emperor Shōmu changes the law of Perpetual Ownership of Cultivated Lands. This permits
aristocrats and members of the
clergy to cultivate land. The new farmland will be called shoin.
October – Hildeprand is deposed by the council of
nobles, for his incompetence as ruler. He is succeeded by
Ratchis (formerly duke of
Friuli) as king of the
Lombards, who makes peace with
Pope Zachary.[17]
In 741 and 744, documents in the archives of
St. Gallen Abbey describe the village of
Kempraten as Centoprato, another document in
863 as Centiprata, inspired by the Latin name Centum Prata.
Ufenau island in
Switzerland is first mentioned in 741 as "Hupinauia", and in 744 as "Ubinauvia" — island of Huppan of Huphan.
Britain
Wat's Dyke, a 40 mile (64 km)
earthwork in present-day
Wales, is constructed. The border between
Mercia and
Powys is set here. The date that Wat's Dyke was constructed is very uncertain, with some estimates linking the construction of the dyke to the 5th century and others to the early 9th century (approximate date).
Carantania (modern
Austria) loses its independence and becomes part of the Frankish Kingdom, due to the pressing danger posed by
Avar tribes from the east (approximate date).
King
Ratchis codifies the
Lombard laws, promulgated in
Latin, and advised by his council and the
Lombard army (approximate date).
Britain
King
Saelred of Essex dies after a 37-year reign. He is succeeded by
Swithred, grandson of the late king
Sigeheard. Like his predecessors, he is not an independent ruler, but a sub-king of
Mercia.[23]
December 9 –
Nasr ibn Sayyar, Arab governor of Khorasan, dies after a 10-year administration in which he has fought vigorously against dissident tribes,
Turgesh neighbors, and the Abbasids. Nasr had imposed
poll taxes (jizya) on non-
Muslims, and introduced a system of land
taxation for
Muslim Arabs.
The city of
Baalbek (modern
Lebanon) is sacked with great slaughter.
King
Ratchis of the
Lombards besieges
Perugia, but is convinced to lift the
siege by
Pope Zachary. His decision to lift the siege of Perugia undermines his authority among the Lombard nobility, and ultimately results in the nobility deposing him at a council in
Milan. King Ratchis is forced to retire with his family to the
monastery at
Monte Cassino.
August 19 –
Emperor Shōmu abdicates the
throne, after a 25-year reign that has been dominated by his wife (and aunt),
Kōmyō, a commoner he married at age 16. He is succeeded by his daughter
Kōken; Shōmu becomes the first retired emperor to become a
Buddhist priest.[28]
^de Oliviera Marques, A. H. (1993). "O Portugal Islâmico". In Joel Serrão and A. H. de Oliverira Marques (ed.). Hova Historia de Portugal. Portugal das Invasões Germânicas à Reconquista. Lisbon: Editorial Presença. p. 123.
^Hartmann, Ludo Moritz. Geschichte Italiens im Mittelalter. II, pp. 2, 139.
^D.P. Kirby, The Earliest English Kings. London: Unwin Hyman, 1991. pp. 150 & 154
ISBN0-04-445691-3
^Barbara Yorke, Kings and Kingdoms in Early Anglo-Saxon England. London: Seaby, 1990. p. 89
ISBN1-85264-027-8
^David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 19).
ISBN978-184603-230-1
^"Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) pp24
^Serrão, Joel; de Oliveira Marques, A. H. (1993). "O Portugal Islâmico". Hova Historia de Portugal. Portugal das Invasões Germânicas à Reconquista. Lisbon: Editorial Presença. p. 123.
^Brian Todd Carey (2012). Road to Manzikert: "Byzantine warfare in an age of Crisis and Recovery", p. 71.
ISBN978-1-84884-215-1
^Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250. Cambridge University Press,
ISBN9780521815390
^Letter by Pope Zacharias to Boniface, dated Nov. 5, 744, ed. Tangl (no.58), tr. Emerton.
^Pierre Riche, The Carolingians: A Family who forged Europe, pp. 51–52.
^Grapard, Allan G. (1992).
The Protocol of the Gods: A Study of the Kasuga Cult in Japanese History, p. 67; excerpt, "We have no information concerning Genbō's exile; the Shoku-Nihongi states simply that Genbō behaved in a manner that did not befit his ecclesiastic position and that he died in 746 as he was trying to escape."; Matsunaga, p. 125; excerpt, "...the degree of Genbō's corruption remains equivocal."
^Barbara Yorke, 'East Saxons, kings of the (act. late 6th cent.–c.820)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
accessed 9 Feb 2008
^Pryor, John H.; Jeffreys, Elizabeth M. (2006), The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204, Brill Academic Publishers, p. 33,
ISBN978-90-04-15197-0
^McCormick, Michael (2002). "New Light on the 'Dark Ages': How the Slave Trade Fuelled the Carolingian Economy". Past & Present. 177 (177): 17–54.
doi:
10.1093/past/177.1.17.
ISSN0031-2746.
JSTOR3600877.
^David Nicolle (2009). The Great Islamic Conquests 632–750 AD, p. 78.
ISBN978-1-84603-273-8
^Varley, H. Paul (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. New York: Columbia University Press.
ISBN0-231-04940-4
Sources
Hallenbeck, Jan T. (1982). "Pavia and Rome: The Lombard Monarchy and the Papacy in the Eighth Century". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. New Series. 72 (4): 1–186.
doi:
10.2307/1006429.
JSTOR1006429.