King
Wamba is deposed after an 8-year reign, and forced to retire to a
monastery. He is succeeded by
Erwig who becomes ruler of the
Visigothic Kingdom.
The emporium (market town) of
Dorestad is founded near the mouth of the Rhine, and soon becomes a major trading settlement in the North Sea region (approximate date).[2]
Britain
King
Cædwalla of Wessex becomes overly ambitious in a power-struggle with his rival, King
Centwine, for
Wessex overlordship. He is banished into the forests of Chiltern and
Andred.[3]
In
Japan, Princess
Uno Sarara is unwell, and Emperor
Tenmu begins the erection of the Temple of
Yakushi-ji (
Nara Prefecture). He makes 100 people enter religion as
priests, wishing her to recover her health.
Boniface begins his education at an English Celtic
Christian monastery, probably in
Exeter near his birthplace and one of many monasteriola built by local landowners and churchmen.[6]
September/November – Constantine IV has his brothers
Heraclius and
Tiberiusmutilated, so they will be unable to rule. He orders that their images no longer appear on any
coinage, and that their names be removed from official documentation.[10]
Constantine IV agrees to a
compromise, and persuades the army to return to their
barracks in
Anatolia. He invites the leaders of the rebellion to come to Constantinople and consult the
Senate as to how to implement the terms. On their arrival, he arrests the leaders and has them
hung at
Sycae.[11]
January 10 –
Pope Agatho dies at
Rome of
plague after a 2½-year reign, in which he has persuaded Constantine IV to abolish the
tax heretofore levied at the consecration of a newly elected
pope.
King
Erwig of the
Visigoths continues oppression of the
Jews in
Spain. He makes it illegal to practice any Jewish rites (brit milah), and presses for the conversion or
emigration of the remaining Jews.
Due to a
culmination of major
droughts,
floods,
locust plagues, and
epidemics, a widespread
famine breaks out in the dual
Chinese capital cities of
Chang'an (primary capital) and
Luoyang (secondary capital). The scarcity of food drives the price of
grain to unprecedented heights, ending a once prosperous era under emperors
Tai Zong and
Gao Zong on a sad note.
Emperor
Tenmu issues a
decree forbidding the
Japanese-style cap of ranks and garments, and changing them into Chinese ones. He also makes a decree forbidding men to wear leggings and women to let down their hair on their backs. It is from this time, that the practice begins of women riding on
horseback like men. He issues an edict prescribing the character of ceremonies and language to be used on occasions of
ceremony. Ceremonial kneeling and crawling are both abolished, and the ceremonial custom of standing at the
Tang court is practiced.
Emperor
Tenmu decrees a
reform in
Japan; copper coins must be used instead of
silver coins. Three days later he issues a decree to allow the continued use of silver.
Prince
Ōtsu, son of Tenmu, attends to matters of State for the first time (approximate date).
King
Centwine of Wessex dies after a 9-year reign and is succeeded by his distant cousin,
Cædwalla, who manages to fully re-unite the sub-kingdoms of
Wessex. He attacks
Sussex with a large army, and kills King
Æthelwealh in battle, in the
South Downs (
Hampshire).[19] He is expelled by Æthelwealh's
ealdormen,
Berthun and
Andhun, who jointly rule the South Saxons. Cædwalla invades
Kent, lays it waste, and carries off an immense
booty.[20]
Aldfrith, illegitimate half-brother of Ecgfrith, becomes (possibly with
Irish and Scottish help) king of
Northumbria. He is brought from
Iona (
Inner Hebrides), where he is studying for a career in the
church.
King
Eadric revolts against his uncle
Hlothhere, and defeats him in battle. He becomes sole ruler of Kent until his death in
686.
Cædwalla conquers
Surrey, and tries to exterminate the
Jutes of the
Isle of Wight. He executes King
Arwald and his two brothers. Cædwalla probably also overruns the
Meonware, a Jutish people who live in the
Meon Valley (
Hampshire).
Justinian II reestablishes Byzantine settlement on
Cyprus, signing a treaty with
Umayyad caliph
Abd al-Malik (and paying an annual
tribute) for joint occupation of the island.
Battle of Coronate: The
Lombards under King
Cunipert defeat the army of Duke
Alahis, at the
River Adda (
Lombardy). He executes the rebel leaders; Alahis is captured and his head and legs are cut off.[30] The southern Lombard
duchies take advantage of Cunipert's distraction, and extend their territories.
^Chaney, William A. (1970). The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: The Transition from Paganism to Christianity. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 168.
^Van Rompay, Lucas (2011).
"Severos bar Mashqo". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts;
George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
Bellinger, Alfred Raymond;
Grierson, Philip (1968). Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Dumbarton Oaks.
OCLC847177622.
Blok, Dirk Peter (1968). De Franken, hun optreden in het licht der historie [The Franks: their actions in the light of history] (in Dutch). Bussum: Fibula-Van Dishoeck.
OCLC5060822.
Bury, John Bagnall (1889). A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene. Vol. II. London: Macmillan.
Schieffer, Theodor (1972) [1954]. Winfrid-Bonifatius und die christliche Grundlegung Europas (in German). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
ISBN3-534-06065-2.
Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2010). A Global Chronology of Conflict. Vol. I: Ca. 3000 BCE–1499 CE.
ISBN978-1-85109-672-5.
King
Wamba is deposed after an 8-year reign, and forced to retire to a
monastery. He is succeeded by
Erwig who becomes ruler of the
Visigothic Kingdom.
The emporium (market town) of
Dorestad is founded near the mouth of the Rhine, and soon becomes a major trading settlement in the North Sea region (approximate date).[2]
Britain
King
Cædwalla of Wessex becomes overly ambitious in a power-struggle with his rival, King
Centwine, for
Wessex overlordship. He is banished into the forests of Chiltern and
Andred.[3]
In
Japan, Princess
Uno Sarara is unwell, and Emperor
Tenmu begins the erection of the Temple of
Yakushi-ji (
Nara Prefecture). He makes 100 people enter religion as
priests, wishing her to recover her health.
Boniface begins his education at an English Celtic
Christian monastery, probably in
Exeter near his birthplace and one of many monasteriola built by local landowners and churchmen.[6]
September/November – Constantine IV has his brothers
Heraclius and
Tiberiusmutilated, so they will be unable to rule. He orders that their images no longer appear on any
coinage, and that their names be removed from official documentation.[10]
Constantine IV agrees to a
compromise, and persuades the army to return to their
barracks in
Anatolia. He invites the leaders of the rebellion to come to Constantinople and consult the
Senate as to how to implement the terms. On their arrival, he arrests the leaders and has them
hung at
Sycae.[11]
January 10 –
Pope Agatho dies at
Rome of
plague after a 2½-year reign, in which he has persuaded Constantine IV to abolish the
tax heretofore levied at the consecration of a newly elected
pope.
King
Erwig of the
Visigoths continues oppression of the
Jews in
Spain. He makes it illegal to practice any Jewish rites (brit milah), and presses for the conversion or
emigration of the remaining Jews.
Due to a
culmination of major
droughts,
floods,
locust plagues, and
epidemics, a widespread
famine breaks out in the dual
Chinese capital cities of
Chang'an (primary capital) and
Luoyang (secondary capital). The scarcity of food drives the price of
grain to unprecedented heights, ending a once prosperous era under emperors
Tai Zong and
Gao Zong on a sad note.
Emperor
Tenmu issues a
decree forbidding the
Japanese-style cap of ranks and garments, and changing them into Chinese ones. He also makes a decree forbidding men to wear leggings and women to let down their hair on their backs. It is from this time, that the practice begins of women riding on
horseback like men. He issues an edict prescribing the character of ceremonies and language to be used on occasions of
ceremony. Ceremonial kneeling and crawling are both abolished, and the ceremonial custom of standing at the
Tang court is practiced.
Emperor
Tenmu decrees a
reform in
Japan; copper coins must be used instead of
silver coins. Three days later he issues a decree to allow the continued use of silver.
Prince
Ōtsu, son of Tenmu, attends to matters of State for the first time (approximate date).
King
Centwine of Wessex dies after a 9-year reign and is succeeded by his distant cousin,
Cædwalla, who manages to fully re-unite the sub-kingdoms of
Wessex. He attacks
Sussex with a large army, and kills King
Æthelwealh in battle, in the
South Downs (
Hampshire).[19] He is expelled by Æthelwealh's
ealdormen,
Berthun and
Andhun, who jointly rule the South Saxons. Cædwalla invades
Kent, lays it waste, and carries off an immense
booty.[20]
Aldfrith, illegitimate half-brother of Ecgfrith, becomes (possibly with
Irish and Scottish help) king of
Northumbria. He is brought from
Iona (
Inner Hebrides), where he is studying for a career in the
church.
King
Eadric revolts against his uncle
Hlothhere, and defeats him in battle. He becomes sole ruler of Kent until his death in
686.
Cædwalla conquers
Surrey, and tries to exterminate the
Jutes of the
Isle of Wight. He executes King
Arwald and his two brothers. Cædwalla probably also overruns the
Meonware, a Jutish people who live in the
Meon Valley (
Hampshire).
Justinian II reestablishes Byzantine settlement on
Cyprus, signing a treaty with
Umayyad caliph
Abd al-Malik (and paying an annual
tribute) for joint occupation of the island.
Battle of Coronate: The
Lombards under King
Cunipert defeat the army of Duke
Alahis, at the
River Adda (
Lombardy). He executes the rebel leaders; Alahis is captured and his head and legs are cut off.[30] The southern Lombard
duchies take advantage of Cunipert's distraction, and extend their territories.
^Chaney, William A. (1970). The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: The Transition from Paganism to Christianity. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 168.
^Van Rompay, Lucas (2011).
"Severos bar Mashqo". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts;
George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
Bellinger, Alfred Raymond;
Grierson, Philip (1968). Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Dumbarton Oaks.
OCLC847177622.
Blok, Dirk Peter (1968). De Franken, hun optreden in het licht der historie [The Franks: their actions in the light of history] (in Dutch). Bussum: Fibula-Van Dishoeck.
OCLC5060822.
Bury, John Bagnall (1889). A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene. Vol. II. London: Macmillan.
Schieffer, Theodor (1972) [1954]. Winfrid-Bonifatius und die christliche Grundlegung Europas (in German). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
ISBN3-534-06065-2.
Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2010). A Global Chronology of Conflict. Vol. I: Ca. 3000 BCE–1499 CE.
ISBN978-1-85109-672-5.