Chaturanga, Indian war game and an ancestor of
chess through the Persian game of
Shatranj (or Chatrang), evolves in the
Indus Valley on the Indian subcontinent (approximate date).
Religion
August 18 –
Pope Sixtus III dies after an 8-year reign in which he has resisted
heresy and sponsored major construction programs in Rome. He is succeeded by
Leo I as the 45th
pope.
Winter – Leo I sends a letter to Valentinian III stating, "by the
Holy Spirit's inspiration the emperor needs no human instruction and is incapable of
doctrinal error".
The
Huns, led by
Attila, attack
Constanţa (modern
Romania), one of the few remaining Roman
forts on the northern bank of the
Danube, and designated as a secure
trading post. On a crowded
market day, the Huns take the town by surprise and slaughter the
garrison.[2]
Valentinian III forms a
marriage proposal for his eldest daughter
Eudocia and Genseric's son
Huneric. He is already married to a Visigoth princess, and Genseric decides to free him of his obligations by accusing her of trying to
poison him. He leaves her mutilated - her ears and nose are cut off - and sends her back to her father
Theodoric I, in
Toulouse (
Gaul).[citation needed]
Period of
civil war and famine in
Britain, caused by rival kingdoms and
Pictish invasions; the situation aggravates tensions between
Pelagian and
Roman factions. Pro-Roman citizens
migrate towards
Gaul.
Emperor
Valentinian III issues an imperial
edict against
Manichaeism. Heavy penalties are decreed against those who do not denounce the
religion, and retain Manichaean books.[3]
Bleda, co-ruler of the
Huns, dies in a
hunting accident.[5] He is possibly murdered at the instigation of his younger brother
Attila, with whom he has ruled since
434. Now about 39, Attila takes the
throne for himself, and becomes king of the
Hunnic Empire.
Bishop
Germanus of Auxerre visits
Ravenna, seeking to soften imperial hostility towards the
Bagaudae. On his arrival at the capital, empress-mother
Galla Placidia sends him a silver
dish with a choice selection of prepared dainties—all
vegetarian, out of respect for the bishop's strict
diet. Germanus petitions the
Senate for leniency for the citizens of
Armorica (
Brittany).[6]
The
Huns, led by
Attila, cross the
Danube, and invade the
Balkans as far as
Thermopylae (Greece). During the invasion,
Serdica (modern
Sofia) is destroyed. For disobeying the terms of the treaty made in
442, Attila triples his demand for
tribute to 2,100 pounds (ca. 700 kg) of
gold per year; and the
ransom for each Roman prisoner to 12 solidi.
Winter – Theodosius II chooses a policy to protect Constantinople against the Huns. He removes
Aspar and
Areobindus (magister militum) from their military commands.[7]
Kou Qianzhi, Chinese
Daoist reformer, dies after having converted emperor
Taiwu of Northern Wei and having established Daoism as the country's dominant
religion. His death presages a revival of
Buddhism as China's dominant faith.
Chaturanga, Indian war game and an ancestor of
chess through the Persian game of
Shatranj (or Chatrang), evolves in the
Indus Valley on the Indian subcontinent (approximate date).
Religion
August 18 –
Pope Sixtus III dies after an 8-year reign in which he has resisted
heresy and sponsored major construction programs in Rome. He is succeeded by
Leo I as the 45th
pope.
Winter – Leo I sends a letter to Valentinian III stating, "by the
Holy Spirit's inspiration the emperor needs no human instruction and is incapable of
doctrinal error".
The
Huns, led by
Attila, attack
Constanţa (modern
Romania), one of the few remaining Roman
forts on the northern bank of the
Danube, and designated as a secure
trading post. On a crowded
market day, the Huns take the town by surprise and slaughter the
garrison.[2]
Valentinian III forms a
marriage proposal for his eldest daughter
Eudocia and Genseric's son
Huneric. He is already married to a Visigoth princess, and Genseric decides to free him of his obligations by accusing her of trying to
poison him. He leaves her mutilated - her ears and nose are cut off - and sends her back to her father
Theodoric I, in
Toulouse (
Gaul).[citation needed]
Period of
civil war and famine in
Britain, caused by rival kingdoms and
Pictish invasions; the situation aggravates tensions between
Pelagian and
Roman factions. Pro-Roman citizens
migrate towards
Gaul.
Emperor
Valentinian III issues an imperial
edict against
Manichaeism. Heavy penalties are decreed against those who do not denounce the
religion, and retain Manichaean books.[3]
Bleda, co-ruler of the
Huns, dies in a
hunting accident.[5] He is possibly murdered at the instigation of his younger brother
Attila, with whom he has ruled since
434. Now about 39, Attila takes the
throne for himself, and becomes king of the
Hunnic Empire.
Bishop
Germanus of Auxerre visits
Ravenna, seeking to soften imperial hostility towards the
Bagaudae. On his arrival at the capital, empress-mother
Galla Placidia sends him a silver
dish with a choice selection of prepared dainties—all
vegetarian, out of respect for the bishop's strict
diet. Germanus petitions the
Senate for leniency for the citizens of
Armorica (
Brittany).[6]
The
Huns, led by
Attila, cross the
Danube, and invade the
Balkans as far as
Thermopylae (Greece). During the invasion,
Serdica (modern
Sofia) is destroyed. For disobeying the terms of the treaty made in
442, Attila triples his demand for
tribute to 2,100 pounds (ca. 700 kg) of
gold per year; and the
ransom for each Roman prisoner to 12 solidi.
Winter – Theodosius II chooses a policy to protect Constantinople against the Huns. He removes
Aspar and
Areobindus (magister militum) from their military commands.[7]
Kou Qianzhi, Chinese
Daoist reformer, dies after having converted emperor
Taiwu of Northern Wei and having established Daoism as the country's dominant
religion. His death presages a revival of
Buddhism as China's dominant faith.