Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
---|---|
Constellation | Taurus |
2MASS J04414489+2301513 | |
Right ascension | 04h 41m 44.898s [1] |
Declination | +23° 01′ 51.39″ [1] |
2MASS J04414565+2301580 | |
Right ascension | 04h 41m 45.652s [1] |
Declination | +23° 01′ 58.07″ [1] |
Apparent magnitude (V) | 15.20 [2] |
Characteristics | |
Spectral type | M4.5 [3]/M8.5 [4] |
Variable type | T Tau [5] |
Astrometry | |
Proper motion (μ) |
RA: 7.918
[6]
mas/
yr Dec.: -20.152 [6] mas/ yr |
Parallax (π) | 8.1822 ± 0.3044 mas [6] |
Distance | 400 ± 10
ly (122 ± 5 pc) |
2MASS J04414565+2301580 | |
Proper motion (μ) |
RA: 7.914
[7]
mas/
yr Dec.: -22.086 [7] mas/ yr |
Parallax (π) | 8.0887 ± 0.0713 mas [7] |
Distance | 403 ± 4
ly (124 ± 1 pc) |
Details | |
2MASS J04414489+2301513 | |
Mass | 19 ± 3 / 9.8 ± 1.8 [3] MJup |
Luminosity | 0.00347 / 0.00093 [3] L☉ |
Temperature | 2100 / 1800 [3] K |
Age | 1 [4] Myr |
2MASS J04414565+2301580 | |
Mass | 0.20+1.0 −0.05 M☉ / 35 ± 5 [3] MJup |
Luminosity | 0.14 / 0.00741 [3] L☉ |
Temperature | 3400 / 2800 [3] K |
Age | 1 [4] Myr |
Other designations | |
WDS J04417+2302AB | |
2MASS J04414565+2301580: ATO J070.4402+23.0326, TIC 118893901, UCAC2 39972132, UCAC4 566-011236, UGCS J044145.65+230158.0, WISE J044145.65+230157.8, WISEA J044145.65+230157.7, Gaia DR3 146487560507840768, Gaia DR2 146487560507840768 | |
2MASS J04414489+2301513: Gaia DR3 146487556211644544, Gaia DR2 146487556211644544, UGCS J044144.89+230151.3, USNO-B1.0 1130-00071517, TIC 118893899 | |
Database references | |
SIMBAD | 2M J044144 |
2M J044145 |
2MASS J0441+2301 is a young quadruple system hosting a planetary-mass object, a red dwarf star and two brown dwarfs, approximately 470 light years (145 parsecs) away.
The 2MASS J04414489+2301513 Bab primary (a brown dwarf) has a large separation (12.4 arcseconds) companion, 2MASS J04414565+2301580 Aa (abbreviated as 2M J044145), which in turn has a nearby small separation substellar companion (separation of 0.23 arcseconds to the northeast). 2M J044145 has similar proper motion to 2M J044144 and is likely physically associated with the system. [8] The entire system of 4 objects is then a hierarchical quadruple of two binary objects orbiting each other. [8] The primary component Aa has a spectral type of M4.5 and a red apparent magnitude of 14.2. [3] Both components seem to be accreting mass from their stellar disks, as shown by their emission lines. [3] The four objects have a total mass of only 26% of the Sun, making it the quadruple star system with the lowest mass known. [3]
The primary is orbited by a companion about 5–10 times the mass of Jupiter. [9] The mass of the primary brown dwarf is roughly 20 times the mass of Jupiter and its age is roughly one million years. [4] It is not clear whether this companion object is a sub-brown dwarf or a planet. The companion is very large with respect to its parent and must have formed within 1 million years or so. This seems to be too big and too fast to form like a regular planet from a disk around the central object. [4] This companion also fails the mass ratio criterion of the IAU definition of an exoplanet; the mass ratio with the primary is closer than 1/25. [10]
Companion (in order from star) |
Mass |
Semimajor axis ( AU) |
Orbital period ( years) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b | 7.5±2.5 MJ | 15±0.6 | 411 | — | — | 1.13 RJ |
Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
---|---|
Constellation | Taurus |
2MASS J04414489+2301513 | |
Right ascension | 04h 41m 44.898s [1] |
Declination | +23° 01′ 51.39″ [1] |
2MASS J04414565+2301580 | |
Right ascension | 04h 41m 45.652s [1] |
Declination | +23° 01′ 58.07″ [1] |
Apparent magnitude (V) | 15.20 [2] |
Characteristics | |
Spectral type | M4.5 [3]/M8.5 [4] |
Variable type | T Tau [5] |
Astrometry | |
Proper motion (μ) |
RA: 7.918
[6]
mas/
yr Dec.: -20.152 [6] mas/ yr |
Parallax (π) | 8.1822 ± 0.3044 mas [6] |
Distance | 400 ± 10
ly (122 ± 5 pc) |
2MASS J04414565+2301580 | |
Proper motion (μ) |
RA: 7.914
[7]
mas/
yr Dec.: -22.086 [7] mas/ yr |
Parallax (π) | 8.0887 ± 0.0713 mas [7] |
Distance | 403 ± 4
ly (124 ± 1 pc) |
Details | |
2MASS J04414489+2301513 | |
Mass | 19 ± 3 / 9.8 ± 1.8 [3] MJup |
Luminosity | 0.00347 / 0.00093 [3] L☉ |
Temperature | 2100 / 1800 [3] K |
Age | 1 [4] Myr |
2MASS J04414565+2301580 | |
Mass | 0.20+1.0 −0.05 M☉ / 35 ± 5 [3] MJup |
Luminosity | 0.14 / 0.00741 [3] L☉ |
Temperature | 3400 / 2800 [3] K |
Age | 1 [4] Myr |
Other designations | |
WDS J04417+2302AB | |
2MASS J04414565+2301580: ATO J070.4402+23.0326, TIC 118893901, UCAC2 39972132, UCAC4 566-011236, UGCS J044145.65+230158.0, WISE J044145.65+230157.8, WISEA J044145.65+230157.7, Gaia DR3 146487560507840768, Gaia DR2 146487560507840768 | |
2MASS J04414489+2301513: Gaia DR3 146487556211644544, Gaia DR2 146487556211644544, UGCS J044144.89+230151.3, USNO-B1.0 1130-00071517, TIC 118893899 | |
Database references | |
SIMBAD | 2M J044144 |
2M J044145 |
2MASS J0441+2301 is a young quadruple system hosting a planetary-mass object, a red dwarf star and two brown dwarfs, approximately 470 light years (145 parsecs) away.
The 2MASS J04414489+2301513 Bab primary (a brown dwarf) has a large separation (12.4 arcseconds) companion, 2MASS J04414565+2301580 Aa (abbreviated as 2M J044145), which in turn has a nearby small separation substellar companion (separation of 0.23 arcseconds to the northeast). 2M J044145 has similar proper motion to 2M J044144 and is likely physically associated with the system. [8] The entire system of 4 objects is then a hierarchical quadruple of two binary objects orbiting each other. [8] The primary component Aa has a spectral type of M4.5 and a red apparent magnitude of 14.2. [3] Both components seem to be accreting mass from their stellar disks, as shown by their emission lines. [3] The four objects have a total mass of only 26% of the Sun, making it the quadruple star system with the lowest mass known. [3]
The primary is orbited by a companion about 5–10 times the mass of Jupiter. [9] The mass of the primary brown dwarf is roughly 20 times the mass of Jupiter and its age is roughly one million years. [4] It is not clear whether this companion object is a sub-brown dwarf or a planet. The companion is very large with respect to its parent and must have formed within 1 million years or so. This seems to be too big and too fast to form like a regular planet from a disk around the central object. [4] This companion also fails the mass ratio criterion of the IAU definition of an exoplanet; the mass ratio with the primary is closer than 1/25. [10]
Companion (in order from star) |
Mass |
Semimajor axis ( AU) |
Orbital period ( years) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b | 7.5±2.5 MJ | 15±0.6 | 411 | — | — | 1.13 RJ |