1st century in Lebanon |
Key event(s): |
Birth of
Christianity,
Year of the Four Emperors
|
Chronology: |
|
History of Lebanon |
---|
Timeline |
Lebanon portal |
This article lists historical events that occurred between 1–100 in modern-day Lebanon or regarding its people.
in AD 39, the district of Iturea [a] was given by Caligula to a certain Soemus, [b] he was also known as the tetrarch of Lebanon by the Romano-Jewish historian Josephus. [4] Soemus reigned until his death in AD 49, when his kingdom was incorporated into the province of Syria ( Tacitus, Annals, xii. 23).
In AD 41, at Herod Agrippa's request, his brother Herod was given Chalcis in the Beqaa Valley, with its center of worship being Baalbek, [5] and allowed the title of basileus by Claudius. [6] King Herod of Chalcis reigned until his death in AD 48, whereupon his kingdom was given to Agrippa's son Agrippa II, though only as a tetrarchy. [7] [8]
In the Acts of the Apostles 12.20, in which Herod Agrippa is 'depicted as a typical persecuting tyrant', it is mentioned that the king furiously quarrelled with the people of Sidon and Tyre, and forbade the export of food to them. As they were dependent on delivery of food from Judea, and Judea was affected by famine, the two cities joined and sought an audience with him. After they secured support of Blastus, a trusted personal servant of the king, they asked for peace, because they depended on the king's country for their food supply. [9]
Agrippa II expended large sums in beautifying Berytus (ancient Beirut), a Hellenised city in Phoenicia. His partiality for the Lebanese city rendered him unpopular amongst his Jewish subjects. [10] [11] He was forced to give up the tetrarchy of Chalcis in AD 53, but in exchange Claudius made him ruler with the title of king over the territories previously governed by Philip the Tetrarch ( Batanea, Trachonitis and Gaulanitis), and Lysanias ( Abilene). [12] [13] [14]
When the Roman emperor Vespasian ( r. 1 July 69 – 23 June 79) and king Agrippa came to Tyre, the inhabitants of the city began to speak reproachfully of the king, and called him an enemy to the Romans; for they said that Philip, the general of his army, had betrayed the royal palace and the Roman forces that were in Jerusalem, and that it was done by his command. When Vespasian heard of this report, he rebuked the Tyrians for abusing a man who was "both a king and a friend to the Romans". [15]
The tetrarchy of Chalcis previously surrendered by Agrippa II was subsequently in 57 given to his cousin Aristobulus, the son of Herod of Chalcis ( Acts 25:13; 26:2,7). After the death of Aristobulus in AD 92, Chalcis was absorbed into the province of Syria.
According to Photius, Agrippa II died at the age of seventy in the third year of the reign of Trajan (AD 100), [16] but statements of Josephus, in addition to the contemporary epigraphy from his kingdom. The modern scholarly consensus holds that he died before 93/94. [17] Following his death his realm of Chalcis at the Beqaa as well came under the direct rule of Rome.
According to tradition, the diocese of Tripoli in Phoenicia was founded in the apostolic age with Maron [c] chosen as the first bishop by the apostle Peter, [41] and Tyre was the seat of one of the oldest Christian communities, dating back to the dawn of Christianity, and Quartus was the bishop of Berytus (Beirut) c. AD 50. [42] Traditionally, the Evangelist Mark is considered to have been the first Bishop of Byblos and Silas (Silouan) the first Bishop of Botris, both assigned to their sees by the Apostle Peter. [43]
The city of Tyre is mentioned in the Gospels in a proverb quoted by Jesus himself ( Matthew 11,21); according to the testimony of Luke (6.17), at the preaching of Jesus there were also faithful from the coast of Tyre and Sidon; and Jesus himself went to the region of Tyre and Sidon to work miracles such as the exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter ( Mark 7,24-31). Soon a Christian community was formed in the city, which was visited by Paul the Apostle ( Acts of the Apostles 21: 3-7) on his last journey to Jerusalem before his arrest.
There is evidence in Josephus of substantial Jewish interest in silk, both in trade and production, especially in Berytus and Tyre. In the Roman period, Jiyeh was a production site of Beirut Type 2 amphorae [d] transporting olive oil from the 1st century AD onwards. [44]
1st century in Lebanon |
Key event(s): |
Birth of
Christianity,
Year of the Four Emperors
|
Chronology: |
|
History of Lebanon |
---|
Timeline |
Lebanon portal |
This article lists historical events that occurred between 1–100 in modern-day Lebanon or regarding its people.
in AD 39, the district of Iturea [a] was given by Caligula to a certain Soemus, [b] he was also known as the tetrarch of Lebanon by the Romano-Jewish historian Josephus. [4] Soemus reigned until his death in AD 49, when his kingdom was incorporated into the province of Syria ( Tacitus, Annals, xii. 23).
In AD 41, at Herod Agrippa's request, his brother Herod was given Chalcis in the Beqaa Valley, with its center of worship being Baalbek, [5] and allowed the title of basileus by Claudius. [6] King Herod of Chalcis reigned until his death in AD 48, whereupon his kingdom was given to Agrippa's son Agrippa II, though only as a tetrarchy. [7] [8]
In the Acts of the Apostles 12.20, in which Herod Agrippa is 'depicted as a typical persecuting tyrant', it is mentioned that the king furiously quarrelled with the people of Sidon and Tyre, and forbade the export of food to them. As they were dependent on delivery of food from Judea, and Judea was affected by famine, the two cities joined and sought an audience with him. After they secured support of Blastus, a trusted personal servant of the king, they asked for peace, because they depended on the king's country for their food supply. [9]
Agrippa II expended large sums in beautifying Berytus (ancient Beirut), a Hellenised city in Phoenicia. His partiality for the Lebanese city rendered him unpopular amongst his Jewish subjects. [10] [11] He was forced to give up the tetrarchy of Chalcis in AD 53, but in exchange Claudius made him ruler with the title of king over the territories previously governed by Philip the Tetrarch ( Batanea, Trachonitis and Gaulanitis), and Lysanias ( Abilene). [12] [13] [14]
When the Roman emperor Vespasian ( r. 1 July 69 – 23 June 79) and king Agrippa came to Tyre, the inhabitants of the city began to speak reproachfully of the king, and called him an enemy to the Romans; for they said that Philip, the general of his army, had betrayed the royal palace and the Roman forces that were in Jerusalem, and that it was done by his command. When Vespasian heard of this report, he rebuked the Tyrians for abusing a man who was "both a king and a friend to the Romans". [15]
The tetrarchy of Chalcis previously surrendered by Agrippa II was subsequently in 57 given to his cousin Aristobulus, the son of Herod of Chalcis ( Acts 25:13; 26:2,7). After the death of Aristobulus in AD 92, Chalcis was absorbed into the province of Syria.
According to Photius, Agrippa II died at the age of seventy in the third year of the reign of Trajan (AD 100), [16] but statements of Josephus, in addition to the contemporary epigraphy from his kingdom. The modern scholarly consensus holds that he died before 93/94. [17] Following his death his realm of Chalcis at the Beqaa as well came under the direct rule of Rome.
According to tradition, the diocese of Tripoli in Phoenicia was founded in the apostolic age with Maron [c] chosen as the first bishop by the apostle Peter, [41] and Tyre was the seat of one of the oldest Christian communities, dating back to the dawn of Christianity, and Quartus was the bishop of Berytus (Beirut) c. AD 50. [42] Traditionally, the Evangelist Mark is considered to have been the first Bishop of Byblos and Silas (Silouan) the first Bishop of Botris, both assigned to their sees by the Apostle Peter. [43]
The city of Tyre is mentioned in the Gospels in a proverb quoted by Jesus himself ( Matthew 11,21); according to the testimony of Luke (6.17), at the preaching of Jesus there were also faithful from the coast of Tyre and Sidon; and Jesus himself went to the region of Tyre and Sidon to work miracles such as the exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter ( Mark 7,24-31). Soon a Christian community was formed in the city, which was visited by Paul the Apostle ( Acts of the Apostles 21: 3-7) on his last journey to Jerusalem before his arrest.
There is evidence in Josephus of substantial Jewish interest in silk, both in trade and production, especially in Berytus and Tyre. In the Roman period, Jiyeh was a production site of Beirut Type 2 amphorae [d] transporting olive oil from the 1st century AD onwards. [44]