Dorothy Hodgkin and C. H. (Harry) Carlisle publish the first three-dimensional molecular structure of a
steroid, cholesteryl iodide.[2][3] In January, Hodgkin also discovers the structure of
penicillin, not published until
1949.
November – Assembly of the world's first general purpose electronic computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer (
ENIAC), is completed in the United States, covering 1,800 square feet (170 m2) of floor space, and the first set of calculations is run on it.
February – Raymond L. Libby of American Cyanamid's research laboratories at
Stamford, Connecticut, announces a method of orally administering the antibiotic
penicillin.[7]
High-altitude west-to-east winds across Pacific, discovered by Japanese in 1942 and by Americans in 1944, are dubbed "
jet stream".
Physics
July 16 –
Nuclear testing: the
Trinity test, the first test of an
atomic bomb, using 6 kilograms of
plutonium, succeeds in detonating an explosion equivalent to that of 20 kilotons of TNT.
August 12 – The
Smyth Report is released by the United States government, informing the public of the basics of
nuclear fission and its military and civilian applications, and emphasizing the role played by physics in the development of the atomic bomb.
March 2 – The
Bachem Ba 349Natter is launched from
Stetten am kalten Markt. The Natter is the first manned rocket, developed as an anti-aircraft weapon. The launch fails and the pilot dies.[8]
ArgentinephysicistErnesto Sabato publishes Uno y el Universo ("One and the Universe"), a collection of essays criticizing the apparent moral neutrality of science and warning of dehumanization in technological societies.
First book in the New Naturalist series is published in the United Kingdom,
E. B. Ford's Butterflies.
^Angier, R. B.; Boothe, J. H.; Hutchings, B. L.; Mowat, J. H.; Semb, J.; Stokstad, E. L. R.; Subbarow, Y.; Waller, C. W.; Cosulich, D. B.; Fahrenbach, M. J.; Hultquist, M. E.; Kuh, E.; Northey, E. H.; Seeger, D. R.; Sickels, J. P.; Smith Jr, J. M. (1945). "Synthesis of a Compound Identical with the L. Casei Factor Isolated from Liver". Science. 102 (2644): 227–228.
Bibcode:
1945Sci...102..227A.
doi:
10.1126/science.102.2644.227.
PMID17778509.
Dorothy Hodgkin and C. H. (Harry) Carlisle publish the first three-dimensional molecular structure of a
steroid, cholesteryl iodide.[2][3] In January, Hodgkin also discovers the structure of
penicillin, not published until
1949.
November – Assembly of the world's first general purpose electronic computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer (
ENIAC), is completed in the United States, covering 1,800 square feet (170 m2) of floor space, and the first set of calculations is run on it.
February – Raymond L. Libby of American Cyanamid's research laboratories at
Stamford, Connecticut, announces a method of orally administering the antibiotic
penicillin.[7]
High-altitude west-to-east winds across Pacific, discovered by Japanese in 1942 and by Americans in 1944, are dubbed "
jet stream".
Physics
July 16 –
Nuclear testing: the
Trinity test, the first test of an
atomic bomb, using 6 kilograms of
plutonium, succeeds in detonating an explosion equivalent to that of 20 kilotons of TNT.
August 12 – The
Smyth Report is released by the United States government, informing the public of the basics of
nuclear fission and its military and civilian applications, and emphasizing the role played by physics in the development of the atomic bomb.
March 2 – The
Bachem Ba 349Natter is launched from
Stetten am kalten Markt. The Natter is the first manned rocket, developed as an anti-aircraft weapon. The launch fails and the pilot dies.[8]
ArgentinephysicistErnesto Sabato publishes Uno y el Universo ("One and the Universe"), a collection of essays criticizing the apparent moral neutrality of science and warning of dehumanization in technological societies.
First book in the New Naturalist series is published in the United Kingdom,
E. B. Ford's Butterflies.
^Angier, R. B.; Boothe, J. H.; Hutchings, B. L.; Mowat, J. H.; Semb, J.; Stokstad, E. L. R.; Subbarow, Y.; Waller, C. W.; Cosulich, D. B.; Fahrenbach, M. J.; Hultquist, M. E.; Kuh, E.; Northey, E. H.; Seeger, D. R.; Sickels, J. P.; Smith Jr, J. M. (1945). "Synthesis of a Compound Identical with the L. Casei Factor Isolated from Liver". Science. 102 (2644): 227–228.
Bibcode:
1945Sci...102..227A.
doi:
10.1126/science.102.2644.227.
PMID17778509.