From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Overview of the events of 1881 in science
The year 1881 in
science and
technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
22 May –
John Tebbutt discover the long-period comet,
C/1881 K1 (also known as the Great Comet of 1881, Comet Tebbutt, 1881 III, 1881b).
[1]
Biology
Chemistry
History of science and technology
Mathematics
Medicine
Technology
March 1 – The
Cunard Line 's
SS Servia , the first
steel
transatlantic liner , is launched at
J. & G. Thomson 's yard at
Clydebank in Scotland.
[11]
May 16 – The
Gross-Lichterfelde Tramway , the world's first
electric tramway , is opened in Berlin by
Siemens & Halske .
[12]
June – The positive-buoyancy powered
submarine "
Fenian Ram " (Holland Boat No. II ), designed by
John Philip Holland , is first submersion-tested in New York City.
September 26 –
Godalming in England becomes the first town to have its streets illuminated by
electric light (
hydroelectrically generated).
[13]
October 10 –
Richard D'Oyly Carte 's
Savoy Theatre opens in London, the world's first public building to be fully lit by electricity, using
Joseph Swan 's
incandescent light bulbs .
[11]
[14]
[15] The stage is first lit electrically on December 28.
[16]
December 21 –
SS Aberdeen , the first oceangoing ship successfully powered by a
triple expansion steam engine, designed by
Alexander Carnegie Kirk , is launched at
Robert Napier and Sons ' yard at
Govan in Scotland.
Peter Herdic
patents the
Herdic horse-drawn cab in the United States.
Awards
Births
January 29 –
Alice Catherine Evans (died
1975 ),
American
microbiologist .
January 31 –
Irving Langmuir (died
1957 ), American
chemist .
March 17 –
Walter Rudolf Hess (died
1973 ),
Swiss
physiologist , recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine .
April 28 –
Edith A. Roberts (died
1977 ), American
plant ecologist .
May 1 –
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (died
1955 ), French
paleontologist and
philosopher .
August 6 –
Alexander Fleming (died 1955),
British
bacteriologist .
September 18 –
Vera Lebedeva (died
1968 ), Soviet Russian
pediatrician .
October 4 –
George Constantinescu (died
1965 ),
Romanian engineer.
October 11 –
Lewis Fry Richardson (died
1953 ), British mathematical physicist.
October 22 –
Clinton Davisson (died
1958 ), American
physicist .
November 9 –
Margaret Reed Lewis (died
1970 ), American
cell biologist .
November 13 –
Ludwig Koch (died
1974 ),
German Jewish animal
sound recordist .
Deaths
February 3 –
John Gould (born
1804 ), English
zoologist .
March 26 –
Lovisa Åhrberg (born
1801 ), Swedish
surgeon .
May 14 –
Mary Seacole (born
1805 ),
Jamaican -born nurse.
May 19 –
Joseph Barnard Davis (born 1801), English
craniologist , physician and anthropologist.
May 26 –
Jakob Bernays (born
1824 ), German
philologist .
June 16 –
George Rolleston (born
1829 ), English
physician and zoologist.
June 23 –
Matthias Jakob Schleiden (born 1804), German
biologist .
June 29 –
Maurice Raynaud (born
1834 ), French physician.
July 27 –
Hewett Watson (born 1804), English biologist.
October 31 –
George W. DeLong (born
1844 ), American
Arctic explorer.
November 30 –
Jean-Alfred Gautier (born
1793 ), Swiss
astronomer
[18]
References
^
"THE GREAT COMET OF 1881" . The South Australian Advertiser (
Adelaide ,
South Australia ) . 8 June 1881. letter from
C. Todd
^
"Przewalski's horse" . TAKH. 2009. Archived from
the original on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2011-11-03 .
^ Hellemans, Alexander; Bunch, Bryan (1988). The Timetables of Science .
Simon & Schuster . p. 304.
ISBN
0671621300 .
^ with;
Moritz Brauer, Friedrich (1882). "Beiträge zur Gräberfauna" ["Contributions on the fauna of graves"]". Verh. k. & k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien . 31 : 207–210.
^ Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Archaeological Society 5 :5–21.
^ Newcomb, Simon (1881). "Note on the frequency of use of the different digits in natural numbers".
American Journal of Mathematics . 4 : 39–40.
doi :
10.2307/2369148 .
JSTOR
2369148 .
^ Chaves, Carballo E. (2005).
"Carlos Finlay and yellow fever: triumph over adversity" . Military Medicine . 170 : 881–5.
doi :
10.7205/milmed.170.10.881 .
PMID
16435764 .
^ Dunn, P. M. (2002).
"Stéphane Tarnier (1828–1897), the architect of perinatology in France" . Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition . 86 (2): F137–9.
doi :
10.1136/fn.86.2.f137 .
PMC
1721389 .
PMID
11882561 .
^ Tay, Waren (1881). "Symmetrical changes in the region of the yellow spot in each eye of an infant". Transactions of the Ophthalmological Society . 1 : 55–57.
^ Booth, Jeremy (1977).
"A short history of blood pressure measurement" . Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine . 70 (11): 793–9.
doi :
10.1177/003591577707001112 .
PMC
1543468 .
PMID
341169 .
^
a
b Williams, Hywel (2005).
Cassell's Chronology of World History . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.
434–435 .
ISBN
0-304-35730-8 .
^
"The Siemens tram from past to present" (PDF) .
Siemens . Archived from
the original (PDF) on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2011-06-16 .
^
"Godalming Power Station" . Engineering Timelines . Archived from
the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-07-06 .
^ "The Savoy Theatre".
The Times . London. 1881-10-03. p. 7.
^ Burgess, Michael (January 1975). "Richard D'Oyly Carte". The Savoyard : 7–11.
^
"Savoy Theatre" . The Times . 1881-12-29. p. 4. Retrieved 2012-01-30 .
^
"Copley Medal | British scientific award" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 23 July 2020 .
^ Marcel Golay: Alfred Gautier in
German ,
French and
Italian in the online
Historical Dictionary of Switzerland .