From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Year 1294 (
MCCXCIV ) was a
common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the
Julian calendar .
March 30 – A Novgorodian army led by Prince Roman Glebovich attempts a storm of
Vyborg , but the attack fails.
[2]
Spring – Following the arrival of a fleet from Sweden, an offensive takes place in which Sweden captures
Kexholm after an assault.
[2]
July 5 – Following the
Papal election, 1292–94 ,
Pope Celestine V succeeds
Nicholas IV , becoming the 192nd pope.
[3]
Autumn – In response to the actions of new royal administrators in north and west Wales,
Madog ap Llywelyn leads
a revolt against his English overlords .
[4]
December 24 –
Pope Boniface VIII succeeds
Pope Celestine V , becoming the 193rd pope, after Celestine V abdicates the papacy on
December 13 , only five months after reluctantly accepting his surprise election on July 5, wishing to return to his life as an ascetic hermit.
[5]
John Balliol , King of Scotland, decides to refuse King
Edward I of England 's demands for support in a planned invasion of France, the result being the negotiation of the
Auld Alliance with France and
Norway in the following year. These actions play a part in precipitating the
Scottish Wars of Independence , which begin in
1296 .
[6]
[7]
Strata Florida Abbey is rebuilt; it had been destroyed some years earlier, during King
Edward I of England 's conquest of Wales.
[8]
Architect
Arnolfo di Cambio designs
Florence Cathedral (Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore , better known simply as Il Duomo ); he also begins work on the Basilica of
Santa Croce, Florence .
[9]
[10]
England and
Portugal enter into the first iteration of the
Anglo-Portuguese Alliance , the oldest alliance in the world still in force.
[11]
Edward I of England and
Philip the Fair of France declare war on each other. To finance this war, both kings lay taxes on the clergy.
Pope Boniface VIII insists that kings gain papal consent for taxation of the clergy, and forbids churchmen to pay taxes.
[12]
Kublai Khan
^ San, Tan Koon (2014).
Dynastic China: An Elementary History . Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: The Other Press. p. 316.
ISBN
9789839541885 .
^
a
b Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm:
Hjalmarson & Högberg . p. 100.
ISBN
9189080262 .
^ Melton, J. Gordon (2014).
Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History [4 Volumes]: 5,000 Years of Religious History . Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO, Oxford: ABC-CLIO. p. 870.
ISBN
9781610690263 .
^ Breverton, Terry (2014).
Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Tudors but Were Afraid to Ask . Stroud: Amberley Publishing Limited. p. 14.
ISBN
9781445638454 .
^ Schaff, Philip (1998) [1882].
History of the Christian Church, Volume VI: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1294-1517 . Vol. VI: The Middle Ages. Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library.
ISBN
9781610250450 .
^ Prestwich, Michael (1988).
Edward I . Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 372.
ISBN
9780520062665 .
^ Spaltro, Kathleen; Bridge, Noeline (2005).
Royals of England: A Guide for Readers, Travelers, and Genealogists . New York, Lincoln, Shanghai: iUniverse. p. 59.
ISBN
9780595373123 .
^ Symonds, William Samuel (1872).
Records of the Rocks; or, notes on the geology, natural history, and antiquities of North & South Wales, Devon, & Corne̱ll . London: John Murray, Albemarle Street. pp.
124 . 1294 Strata Florida Abbey.
^ Durant, Will (2014).
The Complete Story of Civilization: Our Oriental Heritage, Life of Greece, Caesar and Christ, Age of Faith, Renaissance, Age of Reason Begins, Age of Louis XIV, Age of Voltaire, Rousseau and Revolution, Age of Napoleon, Reformation . New York: Simon and Schuster.
ISBN
9781476779713 .
^ Fossi, Gloria; Reiche, Mattia; Bussagli, Marco (2004).
Italian Art. Painting, Sculpture, Architecture from the Origins to the Present Day . Giunti Editore.
ISBN
9788809037267 .
^ Bideleux, Robert; Taylor, Professor Richard; Taylor, Richard (1996).
European Integration and Disintegration: East and West . London and New York: Routledge. p. 139.
ISBN
9781134775217 .
^ Fritze, Ronald H.; Robison, William Baxter (2002).
Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England, 1272-1485 . Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 215.
ISBN
9780313291241 .
^ Coss, Peter R.; Coss, P. R.; Lloyd, Simon D. (1988).
Thirteenth Century England II: Proceedings of the Newcastle Upon Tyne Conference 1987 . Suffolk and Wolfeboro, NH: Boydell & Brewer. p. 175.
ISBN
9780851155135 .
^ Browning, Oscar (1893).
Guelphs & Ghibellines: A Short History of Mediaeval Italy from 1250-1409 . London: Methuen & Company. pp.
199 . 1294 john duke of durazzo.
^ Turnbull, Stephen R. (2005) [1977].
The Samurai: A Military History . London and New York: Psychology Press. p. 90.
ISBN
9781873410387 .
^ Wold, Carol Lee (2002).
Ancestral families of John W. Clark of Deerfield, Massachusetts: Clark-Keyes & allied families including: Alcock, Allen, Allis, Anderson, Beardsley, Belden, Bigod, Blandford, Brown, Chester, Comstock, Copeland, de Clare, de Lacy, de Mowbray, de Quincy, de Ros, de Saye, de Vere, Dudley, FitzRobert, Goodrich, Gregory, Harlakenden, Hawks, Haynes, Hobart, Holden, Hooker, Howard, Hubbard, Kimball, Lamb, Lamberton, Marshall, Moore, Neville, Newcomb, Parmenter, Patterson, Plantagenet, Pynchon, Rice, Scott, Smead, Stoughton, Talcott, Townsend, Trowbridge, Welles, Wells, Woodbridge, Wyllys, Yorke . Louisville, KY: Gateway Press. p. 97.
^ McNeese, Tim; Goetzmann, William H. (2006).
Marco Polo and the Realm of Kublai Khan . Explorers of New Lands. Philadelphia, PA: Infobase Publishing. p. 142.
ISBN
9781438102467 .
^ Jeep, John M. (2001).
Routledge Revivals: Medieval Germany (2001): An Encyclopedia . Abingdon & New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 72.
ISBN
9781351665407 .
^ Perry, Guy (2018).
The Briennes: The Rise and Fall of a Champenois Dynasty in the Age of the Crusades, c. 950–1356 . Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. xxiii.
ISBN
9781107196902 .
^ Możejko, Beata (2017).
New Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Gdańsk, Poland and Prussia . Abingdon, New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 14.
ISBN
9781351805445 .
^ Tamrat, Taddesse (January 1970). "The Abbots of Däbrä-Hayq 1248-1535". Journal of Ethiopian Studies . 8 (1): 87–117.
JSTOR
41965802 .
^ Barlow, Henry Clark (1864).
Critical, Historical, and Philosophical Contributions to the Study of the Divina Commedia . London and Edinburgh: Williams and Norgate. pp.
423 . 1294 Brunetto Latini.
^
"History of Pereslavl-Zalessky | Rusmania" . rusmania.com . Retrieved February 26, 2019 .