Zheng Guanying | |
---|---|
鄭觀應 | |
Born | July 24, 1842 |
Died | 1922 (aged 79–80) |
Nationality | Qing Empire |
Occupation(s) | Merchant reformer author |
Known for | Chinese nationalist republican advocate |
Zheng Guanying | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional Chinese | 鄭 觀 應 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 郑 观 应 | ||||||||
|
Zheng Guanying or Cheng Kuan-ying (1842–1922 or 1923) was a Chinese reformist active in the late Qing dynasty. [1] He was a proponent of fighting economic dominance by Western countries of China [2] through economic nationalism, of parliamentary representative democracy, and of women's rights. [3]
His family members resided in Macau, [4] but his birthplace was Xiangshan, Guangdong; [1] today this is the Yongmo area of Sanxiang, Zhongshan. He lived in the Mandarin's House in São Lourenço, Macau. [4]
He made a career as a comprador after moving to Shanghai at 16 years of age; [1] he previously took and failed the xiucai imperial examinations at that age; [5] he ultimately never passed any such examinations. [1] He first worked for Overweg and Company, a British firm, [5] and later for Butterfield & Swire. [1] Initially he used his funds to buy official titles. In 1879 he became a circuit intendant or daotai as an award for his community service, and he received other titles due to his service work. [6] He took night classes on the English language at the Anglo-Chinese School. [1] He began his own firm after turning 41. [1] He went back to Macau in late 1886. [4]
His employment background differed from those of other Chinese reformers of that era; [1] others had academic or government backgrounds. [3]
In the early 1870s he published essays about politics. [6]
Words of Warning to a Prosperous Age (盛世危言 shèngshì wēiyán) was published in 1893. [6]
Travels to the South, a travel log, was the result of his 1884 intelligence-gathering mission in French Indochina. [1]
Zheng's writings had an extraordinary influence, both in his own time and in later decades. Among those who acknowledge his inspiration were Mao Zedong, [7] and Lu Xun. [6]
As of 2011 most English-language journal articles discussing Zheng were published in the 1960s, and few English-language books on him existed. Beginning in the 1980s more articles about Zheng were published in Chinese. [8]
Escola Oficial Zheng Guanying, a government school in Macau, was given its current name in 2011. [9] The 160th anniversary of the birth of Zheng was held in Zhongshan in 2002. [8]
English:
Chinese:
German:
Zheng Guanying | |
---|---|
鄭觀應 | |
Born | July 24, 1842 |
Died | 1922 (aged 79–80) |
Nationality | Qing Empire |
Occupation(s) | Merchant reformer author |
Known for | Chinese nationalist republican advocate |
Zheng Guanying | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional Chinese | 鄭 觀 應 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 郑 观 应 | ||||||||
|
Zheng Guanying or Cheng Kuan-ying (1842–1922 or 1923) was a Chinese reformist active in the late Qing dynasty. [1] He was a proponent of fighting economic dominance by Western countries of China [2] through economic nationalism, of parliamentary representative democracy, and of women's rights. [3]
His family members resided in Macau, [4] but his birthplace was Xiangshan, Guangdong; [1] today this is the Yongmo area of Sanxiang, Zhongshan. He lived in the Mandarin's House in São Lourenço, Macau. [4]
He made a career as a comprador after moving to Shanghai at 16 years of age; [1] he previously took and failed the xiucai imperial examinations at that age; [5] he ultimately never passed any such examinations. [1] He first worked for Overweg and Company, a British firm, [5] and later for Butterfield & Swire. [1] Initially he used his funds to buy official titles. In 1879 he became a circuit intendant or daotai as an award for his community service, and he received other titles due to his service work. [6] He took night classes on the English language at the Anglo-Chinese School. [1] He began his own firm after turning 41. [1] He went back to Macau in late 1886. [4]
His employment background differed from those of other Chinese reformers of that era; [1] others had academic or government backgrounds. [3]
In the early 1870s he published essays about politics. [6]
Words of Warning to a Prosperous Age (盛世危言 shèngshì wēiyán) was published in 1893. [6]
Travels to the South, a travel log, was the result of his 1884 intelligence-gathering mission in French Indochina. [1]
Zheng's writings had an extraordinary influence, both in his own time and in later decades. Among those who acknowledge his inspiration were Mao Zedong, [7] and Lu Xun. [6]
As of 2011 most English-language journal articles discussing Zheng were published in the 1960s, and few English-language books on him existed. Beginning in the 1980s more articles about Zheng were published in Chinese. [8]
Escola Oficial Zheng Guanying, a government school in Macau, was given its current name in 2011. [9] The 160th anniversary of the birth of Zheng was held in Zhongshan in 2002. [8]
English:
Chinese:
German: