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Władysław Witwicki (30 April 1878, [1] Lubaczów – 21 December 1948, [2] Konstancin) [3] was a Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator (mainly of Plato's works into Polish), historian (of philosophy and art) and artist. He is seen as one of the fathers of psychology in Poland. [4] [5]
Witwicki was also the creator of the theory of cratism , [6] [7] theory of feelings, [8] [9] and he dealt with the issues of the psychology of religion, [10] and the creation of secular ethics. [11] He was one of the initiators and co-founders of Polish Philosophical Society. [12] He is one of the thinkers associated with the Lwów–Warsaw school. [13]
Władysław Witwicki was the fifth child of Urszula Witwicka, born Woińska (niece of the Metropolitan Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv, Łukasz Baraniecki), and Ludwik–Filip Wasylkowicz Witwicki, [14] as well as father of Janusz Witwicki, the creators of the Plastic Panorama of Old Lviv. [15]
He graduated from the University of Lviv, was a student of Kazimierz Twardowski. [1] [16] He also studied at the University of Vienna (under the direction of Alois Höfler) and at the Leipzig University (under the direction of Wilhelm Wundt). [17] In the years 1905–1918, Witwicki taught in Lviv gymnasiums and lectured at the University of Lviv, and then became a professor at the University of Warsaw (1919–1948). [18] [19] [20]
Witwicki is the author of the first Polish textbooks on psychology. [21] He also collaborated with other philosophers. For instance, he worked with Bronisław Bandrowski to develop a model of psychology based on Franz Brentano's theory on phenomenology. It included an analysis of Edmund Husserl's Theory of Content and the Phenomenon of Thinking. [17]
In the comments to his own translation of the Gospels of Matthew and Mark – Dobra Nowina według Mateusza i Marka [22] ( The Good News according to Matthew and Mark ) – Witwicki challenges the mental health of Jesus. He attributed to Jesus subjectivism, increased sense of his own power and superiority over others, egocentrism and the tendency to subjugate other people, [23] as well as difficulties communicating with the outside world and multiple personality disorder, which made him a schizothymic or even schizophrenic type (according to the Ernst Kretschmer's typology). [7] [24]
Witwicki illustrated books (including his own translations), created watercolors, etchings, woodcuts, bookplates. He designed magazine covers, cast plaster busts, sculpted, reviewed exhibitions, presented artists' profiles. [25] [26] He helped his son Janusz create the Plastic Panorama of Old Lviv. [27] He lectured and wrote articles about art, and authored textbooks for visual artists: Wiadomości o stylach (About Styles); O widzeniu przedmiotów: Zasady perspektywy (Seeing Objects: Principles of Perspective); Anatomia plastyczna (Plastic Anatomy). [26] [28] [29]
You can help expand this article with text translated from
the corresponding article in Polish. (September 2019) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Władysław Witwicki (30 April 1878, [1] Lubaczów – 21 December 1948, [2] Konstancin) [3] was a Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator (mainly of Plato's works into Polish), historian (of philosophy and art) and artist. He is seen as one of the fathers of psychology in Poland. [4] [5]
Witwicki was also the creator of the theory of cratism , [6] [7] theory of feelings, [8] [9] and he dealt with the issues of the psychology of religion, [10] and the creation of secular ethics. [11] He was one of the initiators and co-founders of Polish Philosophical Society. [12] He is one of the thinkers associated with the Lwów–Warsaw school. [13]
Władysław Witwicki was the fifth child of Urszula Witwicka, born Woińska (niece of the Metropolitan Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv, Łukasz Baraniecki), and Ludwik–Filip Wasylkowicz Witwicki, [14] as well as father of Janusz Witwicki, the creators of the Plastic Panorama of Old Lviv. [15]
He graduated from the University of Lviv, was a student of Kazimierz Twardowski. [1] [16] He also studied at the University of Vienna (under the direction of Alois Höfler) and at the Leipzig University (under the direction of Wilhelm Wundt). [17] In the years 1905–1918, Witwicki taught in Lviv gymnasiums and lectured at the University of Lviv, and then became a professor at the University of Warsaw (1919–1948). [18] [19] [20]
Witwicki is the author of the first Polish textbooks on psychology. [21] He also collaborated with other philosophers. For instance, he worked with Bronisław Bandrowski to develop a model of psychology based on Franz Brentano's theory on phenomenology. It included an analysis of Edmund Husserl's Theory of Content and the Phenomenon of Thinking. [17]
In the comments to his own translation of the Gospels of Matthew and Mark – Dobra Nowina według Mateusza i Marka [22] ( The Good News according to Matthew and Mark ) – Witwicki challenges the mental health of Jesus. He attributed to Jesus subjectivism, increased sense of his own power and superiority over others, egocentrism and the tendency to subjugate other people, [23] as well as difficulties communicating with the outside world and multiple personality disorder, which made him a schizothymic or even schizophrenic type (according to the Ernst Kretschmer's typology). [7] [24]
Witwicki illustrated books (including his own translations), created watercolors, etchings, woodcuts, bookplates. He designed magazine covers, cast plaster busts, sculpted, reviewed exhibitions, presented artists' profiles. [25] [26] He helped his son Janusz create the Plastic Panorama of Old Lviv. [27] He lectured and wrote articles about art, and authored textbooks for visual artists: Wiadomości o stylach (About Styles); O widzeniu przedmiotów: Zasady perspektywy (Seeing Objects: Principles of Perspective); Anatomia plastyczna (Plastic Anatomy). [26] [28] [29]