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Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease, caused by the measles virus. [1] [2] It is also known as rubeola.
not to be confused with Rubella, (German measles) and roseola, which are different diseases, caused by unrelated viruses. [3]
Symptoms usually develop 10–12 days after exposure to an infected person, and last 7–10 days. [4] [5]
Initial symptoms typically include, fever, often greater than 40 °C (104 °F), cough, runny nose, and inflamed eyes. [1] [6]
Small white spots, known as Koplik's spots, may form inside the mouth, two or three days after the start of symptoms. [6]
But the classic sign is a red (flat) rash, which usually starts on the face three to five days after the start of symptoms, and then spreads to the rest of the body. [6]
About 7% of cases have complications, including diarrhea, middle ear infection, and pneumonia. [7]
Less commonly, seizures, blindness, or inflammation of the brain, may occur. [4] [7]
Measles is an airborne disease, which spreads very easily, through the coughs and sneezes of infected people. [4]
It may also be spread through contact with saliva, or nasal secretions. [4]
It is so contagious that a single infected person will spread it to nine out of ten non-immune people who live with them. [7]
One reason is that it can be spread four days before a rash develops, and continue for four days after the start of the rash. [7]
Fortunately, most people do not get the disease more than once. [4]
Testing for the measles virus in suspected cases is important, for public health efforts. [7]
The measles vaccine is effective at preventing the disease, and is often delivered in combination with other vaccines. [4]
Vaccination resulted in a 75% decrease in deaths from measles between 2000, and 2013, with about 85% of children worldwide being currently vaccinated. [4]
Once a person has become infected, no specific treatment is available, [4] but supportive care may improve outcomes. [4]
This may include oral rehydration solution (slightly sweet and salty fluids), healthy food, and medications to control the fever. [4] [5]
Antibiotics may be used, if a secondary bacterial infection such as bacterial pneumonia occurs. [4]
Vitamin A supplementation is also recommended in the developing world. [4]
Measles affects about 20 million people of all ages per year, [1] primarily in the developing areas of Africa, and Asia. [4] [8]
It is one of the leading vaccine-preventable disease causes of death. [9] [10]
In 1980, 2.6 million people died of it, [4] but by 2014, global vaccination programs had reduced the number of deaths to 73,000. [11] [12]
Rates of disease and deaths, however, increased in 2017 due to a decrease in immunization, and may be as high as 10% in people with malnutrition. [4]
Most of those who die from the infection are less than five years old. [4] [13] The overall risk of death among those infected is about 0.2%. [7]
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VideoWiki/Measles ( Tutorial) | |
---|---|
Link to Commons | |
Steps for video creation | |
Step 1 | Preview my changes (10 sec) |
Step 2 | Upload to Commons (10 min) |
Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease, caused by the measles virus. [1] [2] It is also known as rubeola.
not to be confused with Rubella, (German measles) and roseola, which are different diseases, caused by unrelated viruses. [3]
Symptoms usually develop 10–12 days after exposure to an infected person, and last 7–10 days. [4] [5]
Initial symptoms typically include, fever, often greater than 40 °C (104 °F), cough, runny nose, and inflamed eyes. [1] [6]
Small white spots, known as Koplik's spots, may form inside the mouth, two or three days after the start of symptoms. [6]
But the classic sign is a red (flat) rash, which usually starts on the face three to five days after the start of symptoms, and then spreads to the rest of the body. [6]
About 7% of cases have complications, including diarrhea, middle ear infection, and pneumonia. [7]
Less commonly, seizures, blindness, or inflammation of the brain, may occur. [4] [7]
Measles is an airborne disease, which spreads very easily, through the coughs and sneezes of infected people. [4]
It may also be spread through contact with saliva, or nasal secretions. [4]
It is so contagious that a single infected person will spread it to nine out of ten non-immune people who live with them. [7]
One reason is that it can be spread four days before a rash develops, and continue for four days after the start of the rash. [7]
Fortunately, most people do not get the disease more than once. [4]
Testing for the measles virus in suspected cases is important, for public health efforts. [7]
The measles vaccine is effective at preventing the disease, and is often delivered in combination with other vaccines. [4]
Vaccination resulted in a 75% decrease in deaths from measles between 2000, and 2013, with about 85% of children worldwide being currently vaccinated. [4]
Once a person has become infected, no specific treatment is available, [4] but supportive care may improve outcomes. [4]
This may include oral rehydration solution (slightly sweet and salty fluids), healthy food, and medications to control the fever. [4] [5]
Antibiotics may be used, if a secondary bacterial infection such as bacterial pneumonia occurs. [4]
Vitamin A supplementation is also recommended in the developing world. [4]
Measles affects about 20 million people of all ages per year, [1] primarily in the developing areas of Africa, and Asia. [4] [8]
It is one of the leading vaccine-preventable disease causes of death. [9] [10]
In 1980, 2.6 million people died of it, [4] but by 2014, global vaccination programs had reduced the number of deaths to 73,000. [11] [12]
Rates of disease and deaths, however, increased in 2017 due to a decrease in immunization, and may be as high as 10% in people with malnutrition. [4]
Most of those who die from the infection are less than five years old. [4] [13] The overall risk of death among those infected is about 0.2%. [7]
{{
cite journal}}
: |first1=
has generic name (
help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
link)
{{
cite journal}}
: |first1=
has generic name (
help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
link)