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Where in the New Testament does Jesus say that His followers will be angry at Him? 71.100.6.152 05:55, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
Okay, if not angry maybe resist or reject or be consternated over? 71.100.6.152 15:34, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
I think you got confused. Jesus did not say "His followers will be angry at Him". Jesus said that his followers will DENY ever knowing him.
Okay, here it is... Matthew 10:16-42. Found it using the link to the keyword search posted above: this website. Thanks. 71.100.6.152 22:31, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
How did this come to be? While I understand the meaning of BC = Before Christ and AD = After Death, it is not clear when this calendar method truly came into effect and how the world's people came to adopt it. Europe and Asia anyway as I expect the Americas - indians, Mayans and Incas were on their own calendar.
Was it decreed by the Romans?
Certainly as no one can predict the future, those living in say 100 BC were not minting coins with such a date. Are BC dates therefore a more modern way of talking about history? And, what about muslims - the prophet Mohammed lived in about 600 AD. Is it not about 1400 AD for them? The Mayans predicted the end of the world in I believe 2012 or 2016 -I don't recall. Is this an interpretation based on our BC to AD calendar or were they converted to our western calender with the arrival of Christians.
Anyway, my main question is the first one. How and who was behind the resetting of the calendar to zero at AD? And, did it happen at or near that time or perhaps 10, 20 or even a 100 years later? Chiocchi 06:03, 25 December 2006 (UTC) BC
Calendar systems are one of those standards where it really doesn't matter what the standard is, so long as everyone uses it. Unfortunately, choosing a religious method for setting up the calendar was certain to cause resentment and other competing systems from other religions. If we could choose one universally agreed to non-religious event as a starting point, say the August 23, 1883 explosion of Krakatoa, we would have had a better chance of gaining universal acceptance for one calendar. StuRat 13:17, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
Reference points in time are social constructs. Kings used to be reference points. Romans would measure their age in years from the birth of the latest emperor. The Year of three emperors was confusing.
The Christianisation of the Roman empire resulted in the adoption of a more universal time concept. However, the principle remained the same. Further, there was no year zero, as Fibonacci had not yet taken Hindu/Arabic numbers to Europe. So the calendar went from 1BC to 1AD. Math teachers in the year 2000 were accused of being too pedantic in pointing out that 2001 marked the new millenium.
In a move (which I believe silly) to remove the religious antecedants, BC is being amended by historians to BCE (Before Common Era). BCE is appearing in textbooks in Australia, and probably world wide.
Worth noting, the nation with the largest number of English speakers is China. Months, weeks and days, as well as seasons have natural references. DDB 23:24, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Whom is his wife? Is there a family tree of him? He built Appian Way. One of his sons is Gauis Claudius, however can not find his wife's name. -- Doug Coldwell 19:33, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
See Appius Claudius Caecus. The article links to a Claudian family tree that does not seem functional at the moment. However, I suspect Livy does not mention his wife's name, and we have no earlier sources. alteripse 19:54, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
What relationship or connection of his family of "Cornelius" or "Scipios" is there to the "Claudius" family? Perhaps a relationship to Marcus Claudius Marcellus (c. 268-208 BC) or Appius Claudius Caecus ("the blind"; c. 340 BC-273 BC). Perhaps there is a relationship of "Claudius" to Lucius Aemilius Paullus, whom's daughter Aemilia Tertia married Scipio Africanus. -- Doug Coldwell 20:42, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
25 December 2006 I've searched and searched for this, am eager to find its title. Here are some things I remember from 40 years ago.
A black kid, age 12(?) is shot but not killed, is lying under the bar in a tavern.
Later he's inspired by Eleanor Roosevelt.
A tough gay neighborhood kid gives him a heroin pill.
Toward the end of the novel he dates a girl who he has sex with against her wishes, what we'd call date rape now.
Those are the details I remember. Would be very grateful if anyone--probably 50 or older?--remembers this book.
Many thanks,
Peter Moore-- 216.183.156.167 22:10, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
What relationship or any kind of a "connection" did Appius Claudius Caecus have to do with Philip II of Macedon (father of Alexander the Great)? This could be perhaps a "connection" where Ptolemy I Soter is related to the Claudius family via Arsinoe of Macedonia; or perhaps through the descendants of Ptolemy I Soter (Ptolemy Keraunos or Ptolemy II Philadelphus). Stateira (daughter of Darius III) married Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great also had other wives. Are any of these wife's families in any way related to Appius Claudius Caecus or the Claudius family in that time period? I believe there to be a relationship and "connection" of Philip II of Macedon to Appius Claudius Caecus. Do you know of such relationship? Perhaps there is a "relationship" of the "Cornelius" or "Scipio" families to Philip II of Macedon??? That then would make the "connection" to Appius Claudius Caecus and the Claudius family. Maybe through Lucius Aemilius Paullus??? -- Doug Coldwell 22:35, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
Thanks for your answer. I am an old retiree and I do believe you lost me on that one. Do you mean to say that there IS IN FACT a connection or "relationship" of Philip II of Macedon to Appius Claudius Caecus? I have reason to believe there is an ACTUAL "relationship" (not necessarily a direct "blood line") between these two. Perhaps a descendent of Philip's married into the Claudius family about this time or the "Cornelius" family. Do you know of such relationship? -- Doug Coldwell 00:20, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
Thanks, that was very useful. The family tree on Philip II is an excellent clue I will follow up on. Here are my thoughts: Olympias was the mother of Alexander the Great. She also was the brother of Alexander I of Epirus. He was engaged in the Second Samnite War. Noticed that he made a treaty with the Romans in 332 BC while in Taras (where the Appian Way went to). Later he was killed on the banks of the Acheron. He left behind a daughter named Cadmea. My guess is that Cadmea was born somewhere around 340 BC (about the time as Appius Claudius Caecus). They were about the same age. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Epirus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Samnite_War
I am thinking it is VERY possible that Cadmea is the wife of Appius Claudius Caecus. She is placed in the same area and same time period as where Appius Claudius Caecus put the Appian Way, Taras. Since I also can NOT get access to the Claudius familt tree to verify his wife, this is speculation. Does it sound possible to you? -- Doug Coldwell 13:07, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
I was wondering where I could find information about the free trade of human organs, preferably in a Pros vs. Cons structure, or either one of them. I found nothing vaguely similar in Wikipedia, nor serious in-depth material in other sites.
If someone could help me with this I would be very grateful. 89.138.28.251 22:36, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
I mean free trade - not as in trading for free but the freedom of trading (Like free trade in economy). Does anyone know where I can find information and arguments for and against this? -- 89.138.28.251 15:20, 26 December 2006 (UTC) Your answer sounds correct to me and MORE logical. I will have to do more research on this to make a "connections" between the family lineage of Macedonian King Philip II and Appius Claudius Caecus. I am PRETTY sure there is a "relationship", however have not at this point made that connection. Notice that the Appian Way went to Taras. Would you say this is close in spelling and sounds similar as "Tharsus" or "Tarsus". Both start with the same letter and end with the same letter. Many Roman roads were constructed in a straight line for fast movement of troops. The Appian Way was the "Queen" of the Roman roads. Would it be fair then to be able to call it the "Straight Street" that went to Taras? -- Doug Coldwell 15:00, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
I believe Petrarch studied the ancient historians Livy and Polybius. Did Petrarch also study the ancient history of Plutarch. Was his in Greek ONLY? Did Petrarch know Greek? Could Petrarch have had Plutarch's work translated into Latin or Italian so he could have read them. An example would be Parallel Lives, since apparently Petrarch wrote on some of the same people in his own De Viris Illustribus. -- Doug Coldwell 23:19, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
Thanks again for your very good answer. You seem to be extremely knowledgable along these lines. I did NOT know of Suetonius, however I do know Petrarch has at least two sets of De Viris Illustribus. These lists of Lives are presently in Latin only. One set starts with Romulus, the FIRST Roman ruler. Another set (Liber II) starts with the FIRST person of the Bible, Adam. He worked with his friend Giovanni Boccaccio on his Lives "On Famous Women", a list of 106 short biographies. Famous Women starts with the FIRST woman of the Bible, Eve. I do believe there is a pattern here of FIRSTS. I believe you are correct that Petrarch was NOT aware of Plutarch "Parallel Lives", however obtained his ancient history information from the great historians Livy and Polybius (whom apparently wrote in Latin, not Greek) -- Doug Coldwell 00:34, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
Petrarch wrote a famous poem and book called "Africa". It is of a great commander for Italy called Scipio "Cornelius" Africanus. It is his greatest work and the one he was most proud of. On his list in Latin starting with Romulus it has this great commander for Italy of one Scipio "Cornelius" Africanus. The poem was written in hexameters. Can you tell me what this means of "Hexameters"? Also I believe I have come across still another list of 28 Lives Petrarch's called also of "De Viris Illustribus", however it is written in code. Petrarch refers to this secret list as Chronicle of Universal History of 28 homilies. It starts with the FIRST Persian ruler: Cyrus the Great. It talks of the Cyrus Cylinder and that it is of Human Rights and consists of 40 lines. Now that turns out quite interesting since 40 + 66 (the number of books in the Bible) is 106; which just happens to equal the number of Famous Women that Boccaccio did that Petrarch helped on. This list then goes to the FIRST great Macedon ruler (Philip II) and then to the FIRST great Greek ruler (Alexander the Great), then to the FIRST great Roman politician "Appius Claudius" (of the Appian Way). -- Doug Coldwell 01:00, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
Yes, that is the Scipio I am refering to. Would you say this is a fair statement for Scipio: "There was a certain man in Roman command ("Consul") called Cornelius, a captain of the soldiers of Italy." There just happens to be a very specific reason I am asking it this way. Also why I am specific for "Cornelius". Will explain later. -- Doug Coldwell 14:29, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
Thanks for the answer about Livy. Polybius perhaps called him the gentilicium "Cornelius". Perhaps also Plutarch??? In any case however I do believe Petrarch would have had access to the fact Scipio was from the family "Cornelius". Could he also have been called a "centurion" as well as a "captian" or even "a Roman army officer". These terms are NOT mine, however come from other sources; so it is important if these "titles" (even if loose) would be appropriate? Would otherwise then the statement above I quoted from a source be correct as to a description for Scipio Africanus? Would then (even if a loose description) these statements describe this same Scipio "Cornelius" Aficanus Major? "Now there was a certain man in Roman command, Cornelius by name, a centurion of what was called the Italian Regiment." "There was a certain man in Roman control, called Cornelius, a centurion of the band called the Italian band." "Now there was a man at Consul named "Cornelius", a centurion of what was called the Italian cohort." Would you say the above would be fair statements for Scipio? Doesn't have to be strict, just as general statements. These statements by the way are NOT something I made up, but come from various well known sources. Isn't it also quite likely that Petrarch would have known the fact that Scipio (a.k.a. "P. Scipio Africanus") was from the family "Cornelius"? -- Doug Coldwell 16:03, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
Thought maybe that would be interesting to you. I will reveal this, however a little later. It turns out that there are no other scholars that knows of this; so at this point it is pretty much a secret. First I am waiting for an answer above pertaining to "Cornelius". Both of you have given me EXCELLENT answers, so I will reveal this secret to you both a little later, especially after I point out a couple of things first. This special secret list that Petrarch did is of 28 Lives. Some are on his Latin list of 23 Lives (i.e. Scipio). Coincidently the number of letters in Petrarch's name plus "Africa" is also 23. Petrarch's Liber II is of 12 Lives, the same amount of letters as in Laura deNoves. More on this later. I will give you half the list here at the end. From this you can see that it is in reverse chronological order (making it "Chronicle"). Also it consists of Persian Kings, Macedonian Kings, Greek rulers and the FIRST major Roman politician (Appius Claudius). Would you agree with me that he was the FIRST real Roman political figure? Notice then the pattern of FIRSTS in each of these lists that Petrarch did. The two lists you pointed out to me has the FIRST Roman ruler and the FIRST person of the Bible. Boccaccio's list (influenced by Petrarch) of Famous Women is of the FIRST woman of the Bible, Eve. Do you see this pattern of FIRSTS? This is important because it then leads into this special secret list I am refering to with the FIRST Persian King, etc. Also you pointed out to me the various people that did De Viris Illustribus, one being Jerome. Notice Chapter 66 is of one "Cornelius" (a Bishop of Rome). Coincidently there are 66 books to the Bible. Add this up to the 40 lines of the Cyrus Cylinder and you get 106 (being the number of Boccaccio's Famous Women). Coincidence? Here is half the special secret list (now in Code) that Petrarch did of 28 Lives in the middle of the Fourteenth Century: 1) Cyrus the Great (First Persain ruler); 2) Darius I, the Great 3) Artaxerxes I 4) Darius III 5) Darius III (Codomannus) with sister-wife Stateira I
Stateira (daughter of Stateira I) married Alexander the Great.
6) Philip II of Macedon. 7) Alexander the Great 8) Philip III of Macedon (half brother of Alexander, the Great)
This chapter is also of Alexander's son Alexander IV
9) Appius Claudius (builder of the Appian Way and Aqua Appia. 10) Publius "Cornelius" Scipio Africanus (fought Hannibal of Carthage) 11) Publius Cornelius Scipio (father of Scipio Africanus Major) 12) Lucius Aemilius Paullus (daughter Aemilia Tertia married Scipio) 13) Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (war against King Jugurtha of Numidia) 14) Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (His second wife was Caecilia Metella
Dalmatica who was later the third wife of Lucius Cornelius Sulla)
Notice that each "Illustrious Person" is in some way is connected to the next person (or the next after person). This is as if there was a needle and thread that sewed these together in relationships (not necessarily blood line). What is important about this is that it took enclyclopedic knowledge of these ancient people to make this "connection" between each of them. My background is NOT in history, so I could NOT have made this up. Both of you are EXTREMELY knowledgable on ancient facts, so you recognise these "relationships". The ONLY one I have not made a postive connection on ("relationship") is between Alexander the Great and Appius Claudis. I know there is a "connection" because I can see the pattern. The pattern follows all the way through, starting from Cyrus the Great all the way to number 28. From number 10 all the rest happen to be related to Scipio "Cornelius" Africanus Major in some way (i.e. his son adopted one or his daughter married another, etc). Will reveal the next time, however had to set a BASIS first. One more easy question: In Jerome's list, not counting the last Chapter since it apparently is an identification (signature), how many Christian authors (Chapters) are there? -- Doug Coldwell 14:29, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
For Lambiam & MeltBanana: Don't know what time zone you are on, however I believe it is the same as mine of Eastern Standard Time. Perhaps you are in England, however don't know for sure. I must say that BOTH of you have given me EXCELLENT answers and hope to continue this conversation. What I have just now supplied I realize will take some time to research and answer. To elaborate further on the above De Viris Illustribus here is some more, all of which I hope you all will give me a comment on. The above list of 28 Lives (that no other scholar up to now knows about) was written by Petrarch around 1350 +/- 20 years. I have furnished you with half the list 1-14. Notice that ALL are in some way related to the next people below. It may not however be necessarily a blood-line, but there is a "connection" or a relationship in some way. Petrarch himself refers to this as "Chronicle of Universal History of 28 homilies" and does NOT call these Lives De Viris Illustribus as he has his other known lists (presently in Latin only as described above of 23 Lives and 12 Lives). Have you noticed in Jerome's list that there are 134 Lives. Chapter 135 is the person called Jerome identifying himself as to what he wrote. I am NOT a religious person and do not attend church so know NOT of this person (other that looking up in Wikipedia). Coincidently Chapter 66 is of one "Cornelius", a Bishop of Rome. Now here is where it gets VERY VERY interesting. Both of you's have MUCH knowledge of ancient people, however I'll bet you dollars to donuts that in the case of Jerome's "Christians" you do NOT know most of them (if any). Out of the 134 Lives ("Christians"), how many do you have any kind of history of? Not looking for this information, however just a percentage (i.e. "50%"). My guess is that between you BOTH you do NOT know even 10%. Am I right? Also you do NOT know of this list of 28 Lives above I furnished. Here are some additional Lives of this list of 28: 20. Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus 21. Quintus Fabius Maximus Aemilianus 22. Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus 23. Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus 24. Lucius Cornelius Sulla 25. Marcus Aemilius Scaurus 26. Gaius Flavius Fimbria 27. Gaius Marius 28. Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus These names however you recognize as famous Roman commanders. Most are in some way related to Scipio "Cornelius" Africanus. I'll give you something more to ponder: I find it most interesting that Petrarch's most significant work was "Africa" of one Scipio "Cornelius" Africanus. Jerome's Chapter 66 is of a "Cornelius". The number 66 is a most significant number, being the number of books in the Bible. This secret Code list (The Petrarch Code) of 28 lives starts with the very FIRST great Persian ruler with perhaps the largest mass of land ever by any King. This was Cyrus the Great (the FIRST to use this designation of Great). He set the Jews free of Babylon with a set of Human Rights written on a clay cylinder, now called the Cyrus Cylinder. It has bascially 40 lines for these "Rights". Add the number 40 to 66 and you get 106, which just happens to be the number of people on Boccaccio's list "On Famous Women". Look over this list and you will find a couple of interesting things: 1) there are several names there that really don't make sense and are what I call "filler" names to get the number to 106. 2) There are several there that are connected to Petrarch's lists of Lives (i.e. Scipio's wife). Notice that Scipio is on my secret list of 28 lives and also on the Latin list that starts with Romulus. Now with this number of 106 then add my number of 28 Lives to get 134 = the amount of Lives on Jerome's "De Viris Illustribus" Christians. Now here is where it gets scary: Look in Acts Chapter 10 and tell me the name of the person that is a Captain and for what country......... -- Doug Coldwell 21:41, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
I'm curious as to wether Pope Vigulus (present at same time as Emperor Augustine had communication with the Greek philosepher Oregans. Its rumured that this pope held views on reincarnation that were expelled by the Emperor (and cardinals) because they would have diminished the papal authority and control of the masses (Im asuming this is pre Nician creed). Is this conspiracy rubbish or does it have some historical foundation? Please contact me at <email address removed> Best wishes Sean —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.71.76.23 ( talk • contribs)
During the time around 1100-1400 (medieval age), what cloth/clothes did they use during winter and in cold temperatures?
I'm interested in what they used in europe, and what the vikings used.
can u tell me what they used from top to toe ? from inner to outer ? and if u include armor and protective gear that they MAY used at the same time, then thats just a bonus. what were the clothes made of? what cloth were used ? and what did it look like? did they have jackets at that time ? coats or thick "winter-robes" ? scarf ?
they could have many layers of clothes and then something big and thick/warm like a coat/"winter-robe" at the top?
clothes were made of animal-FUR (from what animals?), LEATHER, COTTON, WOOL ? ? and i repeat, my question is about what they used during WINTER, cold and harsh temperatures, many minus degrees and such. Especially TRAVELLERS and those who would otherwise spend long time out in the frost and cold weather.
well... just tell me from top to toe, from inner to outer and what cloth were used to make the clothes if you can and know the answer to my question. I would appreciate it and be very thankful as I am very interested in this subject.
a very direct answer to this sort of questions is hard to come by.
Krikkert7 14:33, 26 December 2006 (UTC)krikkert7
Hi,
at that time people dressed very lightly for modern standards. Vickings in particular very often wore nothing on their chest even in winter time as sign of virility. Shoes in modern sense didn't exist, and boots were extremely rare. The most common shoe was patten made of one wooden block, less common leather sandals. Even in the deep north poor people (the vast majority) often walked barefoot or used simple fabric pieces tides with ropes or just flexible branches. Fashion in dressmaking varied deeply by region, but the most common cloth material was line. Wool and leather were a luxury commodity, even for shepherds, while cotton, silk or other exotic fibres were very rare or unknown. Nevertheless, heavy hides were sometimes used for coverage in remotes lands, like mountains or steppes. They were very crude shaped or not at all. The standard cloths were simple tunics, more complex designs such as shirts, jumpers, trousers or gloves were extremely expensives and even rich people wore them rarely. Socks or underwear didn't exist. Essential for the picture is remember that at the time the poors nor the rich wash them. Many movies depict this period, but the choreography they show is often quite fantastic. They tend to show elaborated clothes, colored ones, and perfect teethings. Off course that's not true. And travelers were those who looked the worst, because they broke their fragile cloths very easily and were dirty, tired and hungry because their journey. Off course travelers were very rare too.
There is a scene in the Niebelungenlied when Siegfried and the others go on a hunt. Upon returning, they ride up on horseback ruining their clothing that had been made for the occasion. They wore shirts (tunics) and trousers. Their horses had saddles. They had footwear (likely leather boots). These were North Europeans of a mythical time, concurrent with Vikings.
In WW1, soldiers for England might not have had leather boots, but knew how to use bandages to strap their feet for marching, so my grandfather told me. It is possible the straps were leather.
Clothing was washed in the middle ages. Detergent was not used. People generally did not wash. Peasants had smocks, and possibly loin cloths. Women might bandage their chests as was fashion in China until recently. However, clothing for wealthy was different than slave or commoner.
Warmer clothes were required for colder climates, but remember, Scots wore kilts DDB 12:37, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
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Where in the New Testament does Jesus say that His followers will be angry at Him? 71.100.6.152 05:55, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
Okay, if not angry maybe resist or reject or be consternated over? 71.100.6.152 15:34, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
I think you got confused. Jesus did not say "His followers will be angry at Him". Jesus said that his followers will DENY ever knowing him.
Okay, here it is... Matthew 10:16-42. Found it using the link to the keyword search posted above: this website. Thanks. 71.100.6.152 22:31, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
How did this come to be? While I understand the meaning of BC = Before Christ and AD = After Death, it is not clear when this calendar method truly came into effect and how the world's people came to adopt it. Europe and Asia anyway as I expect the Americas - indians, Mayans and Incas were on their own calendar.
Was it decreed by the Romans?
Certainly as no one can predict the future, those living in say 100 BC were not minting coins with such a date. Are BC dates therefore a more modern way of talking about history? And, what about muslims - the prophet Mohammed lived in about 600 AD. Is it not about 1400 AD for them? The Mayans predicted the end of the world in I believe 2012 or 2016 -I don't recall. Is this an interpretation based on our BC to AD calendar or were they converted to our western calender with the arrival of Christians.
Anyway, my main question is the first one. How and who was behind the resetting of the calendar to zero at AD? And, did it happen at or near that time or perhaps 10, 20 or even a 100 years later? Chiocchi 06:03, 25 December 2006 (UTC) BC
Calendar systems are one of those standards where it really doesn't matter what the standard is, so long as everyone uses it. Unfortunately, choosing a religious method for setting up the calendar was certain to cause resentment and other competing systems from other religions. If we could choose one universally agreed to non-religious event as a starting point, say the August 23, 1883 explosion of Krakatoa, we would have had a better chance of gaining universal acceptance for one calendar. StuRat 13:17, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
Reference points in time are social constructs. Kings used to be reference points. Romans would measure their age in years from the birth of the latest emperor. The Year of three emperors was confusing.
The Christianisation of the Roman empire resulted in the adoption of a more universal time concept. However, the principle remained the same. Further, there was no year zero, as Fibonacci had not yet taken Hindu/Arabic numbers to Europe. So the calendar went from 1BC to 1AD. Math teachers in the year 2000 were accused of being too pedantic in pointing out that 2001 marked the new millenium.
In a move (which I believe silly) to remove the religious antecedants, BC is being amended by historians to BCE (Before Common Era). BCE is appearing in textbooks in Australia, and probably world wide.
Worth noting, the nation with the largest number of English speakers is China. Months, weeks and days, as well as seasons have natural references. DDB 23:24, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Whom is his wife? Is there a family tree of him? He built Appian Way. One of his sons is Gauis Claudius, however can not find his wife's name. -- Doug Coldwell 19:33, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
See Appius Claudius Caecus. The article links to a Claudian family tree that does not seem functional at the moment. However, I suspect Livy does not mention his wife's name, and we have no earlier sources. alteripse 19:54, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
What relationship or connection of his family of "Cornelius" or "Scipios" is there to the "Claudius" family? Perhaps a relationship to Marcus Claudius Marcellus (c. 268-208 BC) or Appius Claudius Caecus ("the blind"; c. 340 BC-273 BC). Perhaps there is a relationship of "Claudius" to Lucius Aemilius Paullus, whom's daughter Aemilia Tertia married Scipio Africanus. -- Doug Coldwell 20:42, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
25 December 2006 I've searched and searched for this, am eager to find its title. Here are some things I remember from 40 years ago.
A black kid, age 12(?) is shot but not killed, is lying under the bar in a tavern.
Later he's inspired by Eleanor Roosevelt.
A tough gay neighborhood kid gives him a heroin pill.
Toward the end of the novel he dates a girl who he has sex with against her wishes, what we'd call date rape now.
Those are the details I remember. Would be very grateful if anyone--probably 50 or older?--remembers this book.
Many thanks,
Peter Moore-- 216.183.156.167 22:10, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
What relationship or any kind of a "connection" did Appius Claudius Caecus have to do with Philip II of Macedon (father of Alexander the Great)? This could be perhaps a "connection" where Ptolemy I Soter is related to the Claudius family via Arsinoe of Macedonia; or perhaps through the descendants of Ptolemy I Soter (Ptolemy Keraunos or Ptolemy II Philadelphus). Stateira (daughter of Darius III) married Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great also had other wives. Are any of these wife's families in any way related to Appius Claudius Caecus or the Claudius family in that time period? I believe there to be a relationship and "connection" of Philip II of Macedon to Appius Claudius Caecus. Do you know of such relationship? Perhaps there is a "relationship" of the "Cornelius" or "Scipio" families to Philip II of Macedon??? That then would make the "connection" to Appius Claudius Caecus and the Claudius family. Maybe through Lucius Aemilius Paullus??? -- Doug Coldwell 22:35, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
Thanks for your answer. I am an old retiree and I do believe you lost me on that one. Do you mean to say that there IS IN FACT a connection or "relationship" of Philip II of Macedon to Appius Claudius Caecus? I have reason to believe there is an ACTUAL "relationship" (not necessarily a direct "blood line") between these two. Perhaps a descendent of Philip's married into the Claudius family about this time or the "Cornelius" family. Do you know of such relationship? -- Doug Coldwell 00:20, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
Thanks, that was very useful. The family tree on Philip II is an excellent clue I will follow up on. Here are my thoughts: Olympias was the mother of Alexander the Great. She also was the brother of Alexander I of Epirus. He was engaged in the Second Samnite War. Noticed that he made a treaty with the Romans in 332 BC while in Taras (where the Appian Way went to). Later he was killed on the banks of the Acheron. He left behind a daughter named Cadmea. My guess is that Cadmea was born somewhere around 340 BC (about the time as Appius Claudius Caecus). They were about the same age. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Epirus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Samnite_War
I am thinking it is VERY possible that Cadmea is the wife of Appius Claudius Caecus. She is placed in the same area and same time period as where Appius Claudius Caecus put the Appian Way, Taras. Since I also can NOT get access to the Claudius familt tree to verify his wife, this is speculation. Does it sound possible to you? -- Doug Coldwell 13:07, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
I was wondering where I could find information about the free trade of human organs, preferably in a Pros vs. Cons structure, or either one of them. I found nothing vaguely similar in Wikipedia, nor serious in-depth material in other sites.
If someone could help me with this I would be very grateful. 89.138.28.251 22:36, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
I mean free trade - not as in trading for free but the freedom of trading (Like free trade in economy). Does anyone know where I can find information and arguments for and against this? -- 89.138.28.251 15:20, 26 December 2006 (UTC) Your answer sounds correct to me and MORE logical. I will have to do more research on this to make a "connections" between the family lineage of Macedonian King Philip II and Appius Claudius Caecus. I am PRETTY sure there is a "relationship", however have not at this point made that connection. Notice that the Appian Way went to Taras. Would you say this is close in spelling and sounds similar as "Tharsus" or "Tarsus". Both start with the same letter and end with the same letter. Many Roman roads were constructed in a straight line for fast movement of troops. The Appian Way was the "Queen" of the Roman roads. Would it be fair then to be able to call it the "Straight Street" that went to Taras? -- Doug Coldwell 15:00, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
I believe Petrarch studied the ancient historians Livy and Polybius. Did Petrarch also study the ancient history of Plutarch. Was his in Greek ONLY? Did Petrarch know Greek? Could Petrarch have had Plutarch's work translated into Latin or Italian so he could have read them. An example would be Parallel Lives, since apparently Petrarch wrote on some of the same people in his own De Viris Illustribus. -- Doug Coldwell 23:19, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
Thanks again for your very good answer. You seem to be extremely knowledgable along these lines. I did NOT know of Suetonius, however I do know Petrarch has at least two sets of De Viris Illustribus. These lists of Lives are presently in Latin only. One set starts with Romulus, the FIRST Roman ruler. Another set (Liber II) starts with the FIRST person of the Bible, Adam. He worked with his friend Giovanni Boccaccio on his Lives "On Famous Women", a list of 106 short biographies. Famous Women starts with the FIRST woman of the Bible, Eve. I do believe there is a pattern here of FIRSTS. I believe you are correct that Petrarch was NOT aware of Plutarch "Parallel Lives", however obtained his ancient history information from the great historians Livy and Polybius (whom apparently wrote in Latin, not Greek) -- Doug Coldwell 00:34, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
Petrarch wrote a famous poem and book called "Africa". It is of a great commander for Italy called Scipio "Cornelius" Africanus. It is his greatest work and the one he was most proud of. On his list in Latin starting with Romulus it has this great commander for Italy of one Scipio "Cornelius" Africanus. The poem was written in hexameters. Can you tell me what this means of "Hexameters"? Also I believe I have come across still another list of 28 Lives Petrarch's called also of "De Viris Illustribus", however it is written in code. Petrarch refers to this secret list as Chronicle of Universal History of 28 homilies. It starts with the FIRST Persian ruler: Cyrus the Great. It talks of the Cyrus Cylinder and that it is of Human Rights and consists of 40 lines. Now that turns out quite interesting since 40 + 66 (the number of books in the Bible) is 106; which just happens to equal the number of Famous Women that Boccaccio did that Petrarch helped on. This list then goes to the FIRST great Macedon ruler (Philip II) and then to the FIRST great Greek ruler (Alexander the Great), then to the FIRST great Roman politician "Appius Claudius" (of the Appian Way). -- Doug Coldwell 01:00, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
Yes, that is the Scipio I am refering to. Would you say this is a fair statement for Scipio: "There was a certain man in Roman command ("Consul") called Cornelius, a captain of the soldiers of Italy." There just happens to be a very specific reason I am asking it this way. Also why I am specific for "Cornelius". Will explain later. -- Doug Coldwell 14:29, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
Thanks for the answer about Livy. Polybius perhaps called him the gentilicium "Cornelius". Perhaps also Plutarch??? In any case however I do believe Petrarch would have had access to the fact Scipio was from the family "Cornelius". Could he also have been called a "centurion" as well as a "captian" or even "a Roman army officer". These terms are NOT mine, however come from other sources; so it is important if these "titles" (even if loose) would be appropriate? Would otherwise then the statement above I quoted from a source be correct as to a description for Scipio Africanus? Would then (even if a loose description) these statements describe this same Scipio "Cornelius" Aficanus Major? "Now there was a certain man in Roman command, Cornelius by name, a centurion of what was called the Italian Regiment." "There was a certain man in Roman control, called Cornelius, a centurion of the band called the Italian band." "Now there was a man at Consul named "Cornelius", a centurion of what was called the Italian cohort." Would you say the above would be fair statements for Scipio? Doesn't have to be strict, just as general statements. These statements by the way are NOT something I made up, but come from various well known sources. Isn't it also quite likely that Petrarch would have known the fact that Scipio (a.k.a. "P. Scipio Africanus") was from the family "Cornelius"? -- Doug Coldwell 16:03, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
Thought maybe that would be interesting to you. I will reveal this, however a little later. It turns out that there are no other scholars that knows of this; so at this point it is pretty much a secret. First I am waiting for an answer above pertaining to "Cornelius". Both of you have given me EXCELLENT answers, so I will reveal this secret to you both a little later, especially after I point out a couple of things first. This special secret list that Petrarch did is of 28 Lives. Some are on his Latin list of 23 Lives (i.e. Scipio). Coincidently the number of letters in Petrarch's name plus "Africa" is also 23. Petrarch's Liber II is of 12 Lives, the same amount of letters as in Laura deNoves. More on this later. I will give you half the list here at the end. From this you can see that it is in reverse chronological order (making it "Chronicle"). Also it consists of Persian Kings, Macedonian Kings, Greek rulers and the FIRST major Roman politician (Appius Claudius). Would you agree with me that he was the FIRST real Roman political figure? Notice then the pattern of FIRSTS in each of these lists that Petrarch did. The two lists you pointed out to me has the FIRST Roman ruler and the FIRST person of the Bible. Boccaccio's list (influenced by Petrarch) of Famous Women is of the FIRST woman of the Bible, Eve. Do you see this pattern of FIRSTS? This is important because it then leads into this special secret list I am refering to with the FIRST Persian King, etc. Also you pointed out to me the various people that did De Viris Illustribus, one being Jerome. Notice Chapter 66 is of one "Cornelius" (a Bishop of Rome). Coincidently there are 66 books to the Bible. Add this up to the 40 lines of the Cyrus Cylinder and you get 106 (being the number of Boccaccio's Famous Women). Coincidence? Here is half the special secret list (now in Code) that Petrarch did of 28 Lives in the middle of the Fourteenth Century: 1) Cyrus the Great (First Persain ruler); 2) Darius I, the Great 3) Artaxerxes I 4) Darius III 5) Darius III (Codomannus) with sister-wife Stateira I
Stateira (daughter of Stateira I) married Alexander the Great.
6) Philip II of Macedon. 7) Alexander the Great 8) Philip III of Macedon (half brother of Alexander, the Great)
This chapter is also of Alexander's son Alexander IV
9) Appius Claudius (builder of the Appian Way and Aqua Appia. 10) Publius "Cornelius" Scipio Africanus (fought Hannibal of Carthage) 11) Publius Cornelius Scipio (father of Scipio Africanus Major) 12) Lucius Aemilius Paullus (daughter Aemilia Tertia married Scipio) 13) Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (war against King Jugurtha of Numidia) 14) Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (His second wife was Caecilia Metella
Dalmatica who was later the third wife of Lucius Cornelius Sulla)
Notice that each "Illustrious Person" is in some way is connected to the next person (or the next after person). This is as if there was a needle and thread that sewed these together in relationships (not necessarily blood line). What is important about this is that it took enclyclopedic knowledge of these ancient people to make this "connection" between each of them. My background is NOT in history, so I could NOT have made this up. Both of you are EXTREMELY knowledgable on ancient facts, so you recognise these "relationships". The ONLY one I have not made a postive connection on ("relationship") is between Alexander the Great and Appius Claudis. I know there is a "connection" because I can see the pattern. The pattern follows all the way through, starting from Cyrus the Great all the way to number 28. From number 10 all the rest happen to be related to Scipio "Cornelius" Africanus Major in some way (i.e. his son adopted one or his daughter married another, etc). Will reveal the next time, however had to set a BASIS first. One more easy question: In Jerome's list, not counting the last Chapter since it apparently is an identification (signature), how many Christian authors (Chapters) are there? -- Doug Coldwell 14:29, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
For Lambiam & MeltBanana: Don't know what time zone you are on, however I believe it is the same as mine of Eastern Standard Time. Perhaps you are in England, however don't know for sure. I must say that BOTH of you have given me EXCELLENT answers and hope to continue this conversation. What I have just now supplied I realize will take some time to research and answer. To elaborate further on the above De Viris Illustribus here is some more, all of which I hope you all will give me a comment on. The above list of 28 Lives (that no other scholar up to now knows about) was written by Petrarch around 1350 +/- 20 years. I have furnished you with half the list 1-14. Notice that ALL are in some way related to the next people below. It may not however be necessarily a blood-line, but there is a "connection" or a relationship in some way. Petrarch himself refers to this as "Chronicle of Universal History of 28 homilies" and does NOT call these Lives De Viris Illustribus as he has his other known lists (presently in Latin only as described above of 23 Lives and 12 Lives). Have you noticed in Jerome's list that there are 134 Lives. Chapter 135 is the person called Jerome identifying himself as to what he wrote. I am NOT a religious person and do not attend church so know NOT of this person (other that looking up in Wikipedia). Coincidently Chapter 66 is of one "Cornelius", a Bishop of Rome. Now here is where it gets VERY VERY interesting. Both of you's have MUCH knowledge of ancient people, however I'll bet you dollars to donuts that in the case of Jerome's "Christians" you do NOT know most of them (if any). Out of the 134 Lives ("Christians"), how many do you have any kind of history of? Not looking for this information, however just a percentage (i.e. "50%"). My guess is that between you BOTH you do NOT know even 10%. Am I right? Also you do NOT know of this list of 28 Lives above I furnished. Here are some additional Lives of this list of 28: 20. Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus 21. Quintus Fabius Maximus Aemilianus 22. Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus 23. Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus 24. Lucius Cornelius Sulla 25. Marcus Aemilius Scaurus 26. Gaius Flavius Fimbria 27. Gaius Marius 28. Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus These names however you recognize as famous Roman commanders. Most are in some way related to Scipio "Cornelius" Africanus. I'll give you something more to ponder: I find it most interesting that Petrarch's most significant work was "Africa" of one Scipio "Cornelius" Africanus. Jerome's Chapter 66 is of a "Cornelius". The number 66 is a most significant number, being the number of books in the Bible. This secret Code list (The Petrarch Code) of 28 lives starts with the very FIRST great Persian ruler with perhaps the largest mass of land ever by any King. This was Cyrus the Great (the FIRST to use this designation of Great). He set the Jews free of Babylon with a set of Human Rights written on a clay cylinder, now called the Cyrus Cylinder. It has bascially 40 lines for these "Rights". Add the number 40 to 66 and you get 106, which just happens to be the number of people on Boccaccio's list "On Famous Women". Look over this list and you will find a couple of interesting things: 1) there are several names there that really don't make sense and are what I call "filler" names to get the number to 106. 2) There are several there that are connected to Petrarch's lists of Lives (i.e. Scipio's wife). Notice that Scipio is on my secret list of 28 lives and also on the Latin list that starts with Romulus. Now with this number of 106 then add my number of 28 Lives to get 134 = the amount of Lives on Jerome's "De Viris Illustribus" Christians. Now here is where it gets scary: Look in Acts Chapter 10 and tell me the name of the person that is a Captain and for what country......... -- Doug Coldwell 21:41, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
I'm curious as to wether Pope Vigulus (present at same time as Emperor Augustine had communication with the Greek philosepher Oregans. Its rumured that this pope held views on reincarnation that were expelled by the Emperor (and cardinals) because they would have diminished the papal authority and control of the masses (Im asuming this is pre Nician creed). Is this conspiracy rubbish or does it have some historical foundation? Please contact me at <email address removed> Best wishes Sean —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.71.76.23 ( talk • contribs)
During the time around 1100-1400 (medieval age), what cloth/clothes did they use during winter and in cold temperatures?
I'm interested in what they used in europe, and what the vikings used.
can u tell me what they used from top to toe ? from inner to outer ? and if u include armor and protective gear that they MAY used at the same time, then thats just a bonus. what were the clothes made of? what cloth were used ? and what did it look like? did they have jackets at that time ? coats or thick "winter-robes" ? scarf ?
they could have many layers of clothes and then something big and thick/warm like a coat/"winter-robe" at the top?
clothes were made of animal-FUR (from what animals?), LEATHER, COTTON, WOOL ? ? and i repeat, my question is about what they used during WINTER, cold and harsh temperatures, many minus degrees and such. Especially TRAVELLERS and those who would otherwise spend long time out in the frost and cold weather.
well... just tell me from top to toe, from inner to outer and what cloth were used to make the clothes if you can and know the answer to my question. I would appreciate it and be very thankful as I am very interested in this subject.
a very direct answer to this sort of questions is hard to come by.
Krikkert7 14:33, 26 December 2006 (UTC)krikkert7
Hi,
at that time people dressed very lightly for modern standards. Vickings in particular very often wore nothing on their chest even in winter time as sign of virility. Shoes in modern sense didn't exist, and boots were extremely rare. The most common shoe was patten made of one wooden block, less common leather sandals. Even in the deep north poor people (the vast majority) often walked barefoot or used simple fabric pieces tides with ropes or just flexible branches. Fashion in dressmaking varied deeply by region, but the most common cloth material was line. Wool and leather were a luxury commodity, even for shepherds, while cotton, silk or other exotic fibres were very rare or unknown. Nevertheless, heavy hides were sometimes used for coverage in remotes lands, like mountains or steppes. They were very crude shaped or not at all. The standard cloths were simple tunics, more complex designs such as shirts, jumpers, trousers or gloves were extremely expensives and even rich people wore them rarely. Socks or underwear didn't exist. Essential for the picture is remember that at the time the poors nor the rich wash them. Many movies depict this period, but the choreography they show is often quite fantastic. They tend to show elaborated clothes, colored ones, and perfect teethings. Off course that's not true. And travelers were those who looked the worst, because they broke their fragile cloths very easily and were dirty, tired and hungry because their journey. Off course travelers were very rare too.
There is a scene in the Niebelungenlied when Siegfried and the others go on a hunt. Upon returning, they ride up on horseback ruining their clothing that had been made for the occasion. They wore shirts (tunics) and trousers. Their horses had saddles. They had footwear (likely leather boots). These were North Europeans of a mythical time, concurrent with Vikings.
In WW1, soldiers for England might not have had leather boots, but knew how to use bandages to strap their feet for marching, so my grandfather told me. It is possible the straps were leather.
Clothing was washed in the middle ages. Detergent was not used. People generally did not wash. Peasants had smocks, and possibly loin cloths. Women might bandage their chests as was fashion in China until recently. However, clothing for wealthy was different than slave or commoner.
Warmer clothes were required for colder climates, but remember, Scots wore kilts DDB 12:37, 27 December 2006 (UTC)