Tiger

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I've listed this article for peer review because I want to prepare it for FAC. This is an important article.

Thanks, LittleJerry ( talk) 13:55, 15 April 2024 (UTC) reply

750h

This is an excellent article, a note I have is that, when it says "Tigers may kill and even prey on other predators they coexist with." The sentence could potentially imply that preying on other predators is somehow more significant than killing them. That's all I have.  750h+ |  Talk  10:32, 21 April 2024 (UTC) reply

It is (see Interspecific competition), however the article should note that this is unusual behavior and not something you see every day. Wolverine XI ^{( talk to me)} 10:51, 21 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Thanks for your feedback, 750h. The available knowhow implies that tigers sometimes kill co-predators, but re leopards : they don't eat the meat. I hope my changes address what you had in mind? – BhagyaMani ( talk) 12:03, 21 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Wolverine

We want to address a few points regarding this article. Firstly, there are numerous grammatical errors. In the course of our investigation, we discovered 288 instances of ungrammatical text. For example, while being written in British English, the term "recognized" appears twice in the text. Although we would prefer not to overburden you with a list, we will gladly comply if that is what you demand. Second, there are far too many numbers in the social spacing area for any practical purpose. In all honesty, I have no idea why there are so many numbers. Please arrange things. Third, what is the purpose of including a picture of a toy in this article? Use the better photographs that are available.

Addressed spelling of "recognized" > recognise/d. – BhagyaMani ( talk) 18:22, 22 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Since we also have lots of figures in some other sections, I keep the ones under #Social spacing for now. – BhagyaMani ( talk) 18:22, 22 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Since the 'toy' dates 18zh century + is from a museum collection, I also keep this. LittleJerry, your thoughts? – BhagyaMani ( talk) 18:22, 22 April 2024 (UTC) reply

One last thing, do tigers live 26 years in the wild or in captivity? The typical lifespan should be included as well; this is crucial information. And why is "endangered" written in caps? Wolverine XI ^{( talk to me)} 16:05, 22 April 2024 (UTC) reply

I think in captivity, LittleJerry? I recall a wild tigress in India living to ~18 years, was said to be record age. BhagyaMani ( talk) 18:50, 22 April 2024 (UTC) reply

The source states "In zoos, tigers have lived for 20 to 26 years, which also seems to be their longevity in the wild". Its is all I can find on lifespan. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:28, 22 April 2024 (UTC) reply

See this source for average lifespan. Wolverine XI ^{( talk to me)} 04:19, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Added. LittleJerry ( talk) 10:48, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Super! BhagyaMani ( talk) 13:39, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

I can agree on Social Spacing. We could just keep the Sundarbans and the Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve as they appear to represent the lower and higher ends respectively and as well as Panna which shows how they change during the seasons. I'll see what other reviewers think. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:32, 22 April 2024 (UTC) reply

More to come in about 9–10 hours. Wolverine XI ^{( talk to me)} 03:37, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Hmm. Since these figures are not wrong, I suggest to keep them. An option would be to move them into a table, perhaps collapsable. But we tried moving figures on body size + weight before into a table, which got reverted later on. And I think that those not interested in figures, must not read them -- that is everybody's choice. BhagyaMani ( talk) 13:39, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Adding a collapsable table is not a bad idea, but I suggest waiting for reviewers at FAC. And as for me, I gotta finish some paperwork. See y'all tomorrow. Wolverine XI ^{( talk to me)} 15:53, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Updated with a more reliable source than under above link. BhagyaMani ( talk) 05:35, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Lede

• It was first scientifically described in 1758 and is traditionally classified into eight recent subspecies though some recognise only two subspecies, mainland Asian tigers and island tigers of the Sunda Islands. There should be a comma after the first occurrence of subspecies, and a colon before mainland tigers.

Added comma, but not the colon, instead added word 'namely'. BhagyaMani ( talk) 16:08, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• The range of a male tiger overlaps with that of multiple females with which he has reproductive claims. change to "with whom"

Fixed. LittleJerry ( talk) 17:20, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• in large areas of China and on the islands of Java and Bali. Comma after China

Done. BhagyaMani ( talk) 16:08, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Major reasons for this decline are habitat destruction and habitat fragmentation due to deforestation, and. Remove the striken words, and add comma after fur.

Done. BhagyaMani ( talk) 16:08, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Add "the" before "illegal trade of tiger parts"

Debatable, but added. BhagyaMani ( talk) 16:08, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Tigers are also victims of human-wildlife conflict, due. Rm comma

Done. BhagyaMani ( talk) 16:08, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• It has been kept in captivity since ancient times, Rm comma

Done. BhagyaMani ( talk) 16:08, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Etymology

• Found nothing.

Taxonomy

• subordinated the species under the genus Panthera using. Comma after Panthera

Done. BhagyaMani ( talk) 16:08, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• length and colouration, striping patterns Comma after patterns

Not done, unless we decide to use serial commas throughout, which imo is not needed as per MOS:SERIAL.

• two tiger subspecies as valid, namely P. t. tigris in mainland Asia, and P. t. sondaica No need for the comma after Asia

Done. BhagyaMani ( talk) 16:08, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• comprehensive analysis of morphological, ecological Add "the" before morphological, and a comma after ecological

Added comma. "The" seems unneeded. LittleJerry ( talk) 17:20, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• only two subspecies, namely P. t. tigris comprising Add comma after tigris and Siberian, sondaica, & Bali, later on in the sentence.

Not done, see MOS:SERIAL. BhagyaMani ( talk) 16:08, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• captive breeding programs => captive breeding programmes. I think that is the British spelling

Fixed. LittleJerry ( talk) 17:20, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• However, there is the risk A risk

Done. BhagyaMani ( talk) 16:08, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• lead to less protection efforts for specific populations. Less => fewer

Done. BhagyaMani ( talk) 16:08, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

I'll skip the table for now; more to come in 10+ hours. Wolverine XI ^{( talk to me)} 05:11, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

I'm too exhausted to continue right now, but I will when I get more energy. Wolverine XI ^{( talk to me)} 15:23, 23 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Continuing

• Middle to late Pleistocene tiger fossils Add a suspended hyphen after Middle and hyphen between late and Pleistocene

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Holocene was predicted applying ecological niche modelling based on more than 500 applying to using

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• It was found to have repeat compositions much as other cat genomes and "an appreciably conserved synteny". "As" doesn't work here, change to "like"

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• and the tigon the offspring of a male tiger Don't have to say much about this

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• growth inhibiting gene, hence tigons are around the same size as either species. Change the comma to a semicolon, and add a comma after hence.

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Characteristics

• the "average" size for a tiger may be less than a lion change to "than that of"

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Island tigers are the smallest, the Sumatran tigers Add semicolon

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• all of which have retractable claws which are compact and curved. Which to that

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• It resembles a lion's skull; with the structure Drop the colon and replace it with a comma

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Its coloration is generally orange, but Drop the comma

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• The tiger is marked with distinctive black or dark brown stripes; the patterns of which are unique in each individual. Substitute the colon with a comma, and change "in each" to "to each"

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• patterns and rosettes are the more common camouflage pattern among felids Why the sudden change to singular?

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• The orange colour may also aid in concealment as the tiger's prey There should be a comma before "as"

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• and thus may perceive the cat as green and blended in with the Add "they may", because who or what does "may" refer to?

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• The three colour variants Add a dash after variants and golden

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• due to the reduction of wild tiger populations, Drop this comma

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• wideband locus respectively Always, and I mean always, add a comma before respectively

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Hence their continued breeding will risk both Sentence looks weird without a comma after "hence"

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Distribution and habitat

• Turkey and northern Afghanistan to Indochina, Drop the comma...

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:41, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• it inhabits less than 7% of its historical distribution, and this one

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:41, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• providing food and water for both tiger and ungulates. Tiger? This should be plural

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:41, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Behaviour and ecology

• were more active at night than by day. Change to "during the day". Now that makes more sense

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• A three-year long camera trap survey Change to "three-year-long"

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• with activity peaking at dawn and at dusk; Second occurrence of "at" is redundant

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Adults only occasionally climbs trees, I think we all see the error here

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• and marking trails with feces American spelling?

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• a male may tolerate a subordinate within his range, as long as they do not live in too close quarters. "Too" is redundant

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Facial expressions include the "defense threat", Yet another case of American spelling

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• It has also been recording emitting Recorded

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• like gaur, and opportunistically also smaller prey like monkeys, Drop the first comma, then replace also with another comma

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• the tiger crouches, with head lowered, and hides in foliage. Remove both commas, and add "its" before head

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Tigers have been recorded dozing off while in still mode, Yet another unneeded comma

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• as long as a day waiting for prey and launches an attack, So first remove the comma, then add two commas before waiting and prey. Thereafter replace launches with launch

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Tigers have been recorded dozing off while in still mode, and This section is filled with unnecessary commas

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• and launch an attack, when the prey is close enough This should be the last one

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Estimates of the success rate for hunting tigers ranges from a low 5% to a high of 50%. "range" and "a low of"

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• though large dhole packs can drive away a tiger, or even kill it. What is the purpose of the comma?

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:20, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• food and vegetation cover, and there is no evidence Rm comma and "there is"

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:37, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Nevertheless, leopards avoid areas were tigers One of the most common typos known to men

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:37, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Tiger sometimes prey on sloth bears Who is Tiger?

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:37, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• positioning herself in lordosis with their tail Tail should be plural

Changed. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:37, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• and even then does not travel far. change to "she does not travel far"

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:37, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• The mortality rate for tiger cubs can reach 50% during these early months, causes Replace comma with a full stop and start a new sentence with "causes"

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:37, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Cubs bond though play fighting and practice stalking. Typo

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:37, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• A cub can make a kill as early as 11 months, Rm comma

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:37, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Radio-collared tigers in Chitwan started dispersing from their natal areas earliest at the age of 19 months. Earliest is redundant

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:37, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Young females are sexual mature sexually

Done. BhagyaMani ( talk) 16:11, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Data from the International Tiger Studbook 1938–2018 indicate that captive tigers lived up to 19 years. Indicates

'Data' is plural, so 'indicate' is correct. BhagyaMani ( talk) 16:11, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Will finish up tomorrow. Wolverine XI ^{( talk to me)} 14:59, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Threats

• major threats which contributed to the decrease of tiger Turn 'which' to 'that'
• deforestation coupled with mining activities and a high hunting pressure 'A' adds nothing
• been recorded since there at least since 2013 Second occurrence of "since" is redundant. Also remove "there"
• 1,313 whole tiger skins and 16,214 body parts Replace "and" with a comma
• encompassing body parts of 893 tigers, Semicolon for nested lists

All 5 done. BhagyaMani ( talk) 17:31, 25 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Conservation

• hunting of the tiger has been banned since 1952 "Of" is not needed...
• thwarting of tiger killing and illegal trade of its body parts same here
• public awareness through wildlife education programs We going American again
• Bangladesh Tiger Action Plan was initiated to stabilize the "ze" is American, while "se" is British
• and cooperation between governmental agencies Add "foster" before cooperation}}
• 2010 envisioned to increase the country's tiger Replace the stricken words with "increasing"
• ncreases in anti-poaching patrol effort efforts
• so that tiger reintroduction is planned for 2025. "That" is not needed

All 8 done. BhagyaMani ( talk) 17:37, 25 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Relationship with humans

• Emperor Samudragupta was depicted on coins slaying tigers. I feel like a preposition is needed. What do you think?
• Dangerous encounters are more likely to occur in edge habitats, A comma doesn't make sense here.
• included face-masks worn backwards I don't see the purpose of the hyphen
• displayed in amphitheaters It is amphitheatre
• Tiger trainer Sara Houckle was dubbed "the Tiger Whisperer", Rm comma
• other big cats by private persons Private individuals
• the tiger filled such a role in various Asian cultures. Filled? No, it played that role.
• of charismatic megafauna. "The" is missing
• between 3 am and 5 am. am => a.m.
• Senseless Creatures, the tiger symbolising With the tiger
• and the inverse has also been widespread, Semicolon
• The tiger is featured in the medieval British spelling is mediaeval

All done. BhagyaMani ( talk) 17:48, 25 April 2024 (UTC) reply

My work is done here. Wolverine XI ^{( talk to me)} 16:15, 25 April 2024 (UTC) reply

Thanks for taking the time and meticulous reading !! BhagyaMani ( talk) 17:48, 25 April 2024 (UTC) reply

UC

Commenting by request, though very much as a non-expert. A few spot-comments, general pointers and image question-marks. UndercoverClassicist ^{T· C} 06:39, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• I would put something in the first paragraph about where tigers live, given that we've hinted at it with mainland Asian tigers and island tigers of the Sunda Islands. The second paragraph likewise gives some examples but doesn't really nail down exactly where these animals come from.

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Suggest linking "Cultural depictions of tigers" to "appeared in culture": the link on "culture" looks like it should go to the page of the same name (which would be an overlink).

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 21:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Non-English text should be in language tags.

Done. BhagyaMani ( talk) 08:47, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• I would give a date for Varro; Roman history, by some assessments, covers anything from 753 BCE to 1453 CE.

Done. BhagyaMani ( talk) 08:48, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• One popular idea in the 16th and 17th centuries is that: was that. Popular where, and among whom?

Removed 'popular' altogether + revised after checking the original source text. BhagyaMani ( talk) 08:47, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• I find it difficult in the "subspecies" section to establish which way the article is going on the debate: suggest a brief introductory paragraph that sets out e.g. "there are generally considered to be two subspecies of tiger, though some have argued for up to six", or the converse.
• Explain who/what the IUCN is. Per WP:NOTPAPER, it's best to spell out most abbreviations on first use.

The words 'IUCN Red List' is not an abbreviation. BhagyaMani ( talk) 08:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• File:Panthera tigris sondaica 01 (cropped).jpg doesn't appear to be PD in the US.

Replaced. LittleJerry ( talk) 23:50, 25 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• File:Tiger - melbourne zoo.jpg isn't PD, though someone more expert than me will have to weigh in on whether the license is acceptable. Personally, I doubt it, since using the picture imposes restrictions on the article (that it can't be used for commercial purposes) incompatible with Wikipedia's own pillars.

Replaced. LittleJerry ( talk) 01:33, 25 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg should be PD in the US, but needs to be tagged as such.
• File:Tigerdholes.jpg: ditto
• File:ElephantbackTigerHunt.jpg: ditto
• File:Durga Mahisasuramardini.JPG: ditto

Added PD tag to all the photos. LittleJerry ( talk) 00:02, 26 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• File:Ringling Bros and Barnum & Bailey Circus Gunther Gebel-Williams 1969.jpg: source (eBay) link is dead, making it difficult to verify the claim that it was published before 1977: assuming eBay is the first publication, it certainly wasn't. Again probably one for wiser people to weigh in on.

Click on "photo front". The date stamp is given there. LittleJerry ( talk) 00:02, 26 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• The licensing on File:Panthera tigris sumatrae (Tiger (Sumatra)) skin.jpg: I am suspicious of the licensing here: it's given as "own work", but the date is only "circa", and the original version of the file looks like it might be a book scan.

Replaced. LittleJerry ( talk) 16:42, 26 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• File:Releasing a Siberian tiger in Russia.webm doesn't appear to be PD; I can't find any evidence of a CC licence on the source page.

Replaced. LittleJerry ( talk) 00:09, 26 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Results of a phylogeographic study indicate that all living tigers had a common ancestor 108,000 to 72,000 years ago.: they still do: have a common ancestor, which lived...

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 23:48, 25 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• but modern cladistics place it as basal to modern Panthera: this is pretty opaque to a non-biologist.

Linked. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:08, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• It was found to have repeat compositions much as other cat genomes and "an appreciably conserved synteny".: quotes need to be attributed in text. There are a few other examples.

I don't think it needs to be unless the source itself is quoting someone. Then that person should be attributed in text. LittleJerry ( talk) 19:46, 27 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• There is some variation between "A tiger" and "the tiger", and between singular and plural: advise consistency. Honestly, I find the singular a bit archaic, and it leads to some strange situations where it sounds like we're only talking about a single animal, but it's personal preference.
• The three colour variants nearly stripeless snow white, white and golden: punctuation issues here: The three colour variants – nearly stripeless, snow white, white and golden – would work.

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:08, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Hyphenate "the snow-white tiger" as a compound modifier.

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:08, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• We name lots of national parks; we should specify which country they are in.
• It has an average bite force at the canine tips of 1234.3 Newton: Newtons, surely? Could also convert this into imperial. Is the decimal point perhaps false precision?
• The tiger has the strength to drag the carcass of a fully grown buffalo for some distance, a feat three men struggle with: a feat three men struggle with is a bit odd -- it reads quite Victorian, to be honest. Which three men did we manage to convince to give it a go? Are women any better at carcass-dragging?
• The mortality rate for tiger cubs can reach 50% during these early months, causes of death...: colon or semicolon needed instead of the comma.
• female-cub families: needs an endash, not a hyphen.

Done. LittleJerry ( talk) 22:08, 24 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• 5,000–8,262: one end of this estimate seems strangely more precise than the other.

Nothing WE can do about these figures in the source. BhagyaMani ( talk) 01:44, 25 April 2024 (UTC) reply

The figures from the late 1980s were guesstimates, i.e. nobody had any means to actually count individuals. Today, camera trap photos allow identification of individuals, estimate population density with the help of statistical software, and on this basis also estimate population size in surveyed areas. BhagyaMani ( talk) 07:28, 25 April 2024 (UTC) reply

• Peninsular Malaysia, an area of 8,315.7 km2 (3,210.7 sq mi) tiger habitat: not quite grammatical: 8,315.7 km2 (3,210.7 sq mi) of tiger habitat would work.

Done. BhagyaMani ( talk) 01:44, 25 April 2024 (UTC) reply