1 or 2 paragraphs under a column, with reference(s)
Aaron – High Priest (Exodus-Numbers and Chronicles); Elsewhere in the Old Testament; Negative and Nonpriestly Portrayals; New Testament; Character: A Summary;
Abigail* - Abigail (wife of Nabal); Abigail (sister of David);
Abihu;
Abijah – Abijah (king of Judah);
Abraham, Apocalypse of or
Apocalypse of Abraham;
Abraham, Testament of or
Testament of Abraham;
Absalom – Absalom (son of David);
Acacia;
Acco;
Adad-nirari – Adad-nirari II; Adad-nirari III;
Adoption – Adoption Formulas;
Afterlife or
Afterdeath – Abode of the Dead; Conclusion;
Agrapha;
Ahab - Ahab (king of Israel) - Historical Account; Rabbinical Sources;
Ahaziah – Ahaziah (son of Ahab);
Ahinoam – Ahinoam (daugher of Ahimaaz); Ahinoam (wife of David);
Akeldama;
Alalakh;
Alexander – Alexander Balas of Smyrna; Alexander Janneus;
Alexandra – Alexandra Salome; Alexandra (daughter of Hyrcanus II);
Aloes;
Alpha and Omega;
Amenemope, Instruction of or
Instruction of Amenemope;
Amon (person) – Amon (King, son of Manasseh);
Amos, Book of or
Book of Amos – Amos the Prophet; Historical Setting; Composition;
Amraphel;
Ananias – Ananias (husband of Sapphira); Ananias (who healed Paul's blindness); Ananias (21st Jewish high priest);
Anathoth;
Ancient of Days;
Angle, The or
The Angle;
Animals – Amphibians;
Antioch – Antioch (city in Galatia);
Antiochus – Antiochus (Antiochus III); Antiochus (Antiochus V); Antiochus (Antiochus VI); Antiochus (Antiochus VII);
Apollonius – Apollonius (son of Tharseas); Apollonius (son of Menetheus); Apollonius (general under Antiochus IV Epiphanius); Apollonius (son of Gennaeus); Apollonius (governor of Coele-Syria);
Apostles, Epistle of the or
Epistle of the Apostles;
Aquila – Aquila (husband of Priscilla); Aquila (2nd century translator);
Ar;
Aram (place) – Paddam-aram; Aram-naharaim; Aram-zobah; Aram-Damascus; Aram-maacah and Geshur;
Aramaic – Old Aramaic; Official Aramaic; Middle Aramaic; Late Aramaic; Modern Aramaic;
Aram-naharaim;
'Araq el-Emir;
Archaeology and the Bible – Geographic Setting; Beginning of Scientific Exploration; Honing Excavation Materials; The Rise of Biblical City Excavations; A Permanent American Presence; Lawrence and Musil; Towards a Secular Archaeology; Revisionist Scholarship;
Architecture – General Survey – Domestic Buildings; General Survey – Later Developments;
Areopagus;
Aretas* – Aretas I; Aretas II; Aretas III; Aretas IV;
Aristeas, Letter of or
Letter of Aristeas;
Army – Semi-nomadic Origins; Peasant's Militia; Classic Ancient Near Eastern Chariot Army;
Asaph - Asaph (son of Berechiah the Levite);
Ascension – Other Ascensions in the New Testament;
Ascents, Songs of or
Songs of Ascents;
Assumption of the Virgin;
Assurnasirpal;
Astrologer;
Astrology;
Astronomy;
Atad;
Ataroth-addar;
Attalia;
Azazel;
Azvameth or
Beth-azvameth;
Azmon;
Aznoth-tabor;
Azor;
Azotus;
Caesar;
Caligula;
Cambyses – Cambyses I; Cambyses II;
Canaan or
Canaanites – Name; People – Nonbiblical sources; Language;
Canon of the Old Testament – Canon and Interpretation;
Canon of the New Testament – Prophetic Foundation of the Gospel; Consciousness of Apostolic Authority;
Captain of the temple;
Carmel* – Carmel (mountain range north of Israel);
Catholic Letters;
Center of the Land;
Centurion;
Chebar;
Chemosh;
Chorazin;
Christ and Abgar;
Christmas;
Chronology of the Old Testament – Special Issues in Biblical Chronology – Intercalation; Special Issues in Biblical Chronology – Spring or Fall Calendars; Special Issues in Biblical Chronology – Accession and Nonaccession Year Reckoning; Special Issues in Biblical Chronology – Coregency; Special Issues in Biblical Chronology – Use of the LXX; Special Issues in Biblical Chronology – Relative and Absolute Chronology; OT History – Persian Period; OT History – Later Years of Judah; OT History – Sojourn; OT History – Patriarchs;
Chronology of the New Testament – Jesus' Life – Birth – Death of Herod; Jesus' Life – Birth – Census; Jesus' Life – Birth – Magi; Jesus' Life – Ministry – John the Baptist; Jesus' Life – Ministry – Jesus' Age; Jesus' Life – Ministry – The Temple; Jesus' Life – Death – Day; Jesus' Life – Death – Year; Apostolic Period, including Paul – Acts; Apostolic Period, including Paul – Epistles;
Church – Expansion in the NT Era – Jerusalem and Judea; Expansion in the NT Era – Beyond Judea; Features of the Church – The Hope of the Church;
City of Moab;
Clement, Epistles of or
Epistles of Clement – 2 Clement;
Coat of mail;
Codex Bezae;
Codex Sinaiticus;
Cohort;
Collection;
Corinth – Christianity;
Corinthians, First Letter to the or
First Letter to the Corinthians – Author, Provenance, Date; Corinth; Occasion; Literary and Rhetorical Analysis; Major Issues in Corinth; Significance;
Cornelius;
Cornerstone;
Corporate personality – Corporate responsibility;
Covenant – Covenant and Moral Character; Old Testament – Where God Is Not a Partner; Old Testament - Where God Is Under Obligation; Old Testament - Where Israel Is Under Obligation to God: Sinai; Later Traditions about the Sinai běrît – Postexilic Period; Later Traditions about the Sinai běrît – Hellenistic Period: Sinai as diathēkē; The New Covenant;
Cup;
Cush (place);
Cushite;
Galilee – Early Church and Rabbis;
Garden;
Gareb (place);
Gauls;
Geder;
Gederoth;
Gederothaim;
Gedor (person);
Genesis, Book of or
Book of Genesis – Name and Early Interpretation; History;
Gershon;
Geshur* – Geshur (Aramean kingdom);
Gessius Florus;
Gestures – IIllustrations – Head;
Giants;
Gibeath-elohim;
Gihon* – Gihon (spring in the Kidron Valley);
Gilboa, Mount or
Mount Gilboa;
Girgashites;
Goah;
God – Basic Claims about God – Living and eternal; Basic Claims about God – Unity; Basic Claims about God – Unique, incomparable; Basic Claims about God – Active; Basic Claims about God – Intentional; Basic Claims about God – Interactive; Basic Claims about God – Situational; Basic Claims about God – Effective; Basic Claims about God – Vulnerable; Basic Claims about God – Mighty acts; Basic Claims about God – Extraordinary events;
God in the Old Testament, Names of or
Names of God in the Old Testament – Adon; Baal; El; El Elyon; El Shaddai; Eloah; Fear of Isaac; Holy One; Mighty One of Jacob;
Golan;
Golgotha;
Gospel or
Good News – Origin of usage; Mark; Other NT Usages;
Gozan;
Greaves;
Greece – Roman Period (31 B.C.E.-476 C.E.);
Greek (language) – History;
Gymnasium;
Habakkuk, Book of or
Book of Habakkuk – Text; Form;
Hadashah;
Hadid;
Hadrach;
Haggai, Book of or
Book of Haggai – Prophetic Call to Work on the Temple (1:1-11); Response of Leaders and People (1:12-15a); Assurance of God's Presence (1:15b-2:9); Priestly Ruling with Interpretation (2:10-19); Future Hope (2:20-23);
Hagiographa;
Halah;
Ham (place);
Haman;
Hamites or
Hamitic* – Hamites or Hamitic (descendants of Ham); Hamites or Hamitic (Hamito-Semitic earlier designation of languages and cultures);
Hammath (place);
Hanani* – Hanani (father of Jehu);
Hananiah* – Hananiah (son of Azzur);
Havvoth-jair;
Hazarmaveth;
Hazazon-tamar;
Hebrew, Biblical or
Biblical Hebrew – Verbal System; Verbal System – Diachronic vs. Synchronic Approaches; Verbal System – Tense vs. Aspect;
Hebrews, Epistle to the or
Epistle to the Hebrews – Literary Genre; Authorship;
Hebrews, Gospel according to the or
Gospel according to the Hebrews;
Hellenists;
Heresy;
Herod (family) – Herod the Great – Herod's Buildings; Herod the Great – Final Years; Herod the Great – Evaluation; Mariamme II; Salome (sister of Herod); Herod Antipater (son of Herod the Great); Alexander and Aristobulus; Mariamme (granddaughter of Herod); Archelaus; Mariamme (wife of Archelaus); Antipas (son of Herod the Great); Salome (daughter of Herod); Herod (son of Herod); Mariamme (married Herod IV); Agrippa I; Mariamme (daughter of Agrippa I); Agrippa II;
Herodias;
Herodotus;
Hiel;
Hierapolis;
Hiram – Hiram I; Hiram the metalworker; Hiram II; Hiram III; Hiram IV;
Historiography, Biblical or
Biblical historiography – Definition of History; Biblical Historical Writings;
Hittites – Myths of Origin;
Holiness Code;
Homosexuality – Male-male rape; Same-sex intercourse as violation of purity; Same-sex commitments;
Hophra;
Horeb;
Horites* – Horites (seminomadic people living in Seir-Edom); Horites (Hivites translated in the LXX as Horites);
Horonaim;
Hosea, Book of or
Book of Hosea – Text; Literary Structure;
Huleh, Lake or
Lake Huleh;
Hyksos – End of Rule; Impact;
Hyssop;
Iconium;
Ijon;
Innocents, Massacre of the or
Massacre of the Innocents;
Inscriptions, Semitic or
Semitic inscriptions – Hebrew – Pomegranate Scepter Head; Hebrew – Kuntillet 'Ajrud and Khirbet el-Qôm; Hebrew – Jar Impressions, Weights, Seals, and Bullæ; Moabite; Moabite – Mesha Stela; Old Aramaic; Old Aramaic – Tell Fakhariyeh; Old Aramaic – Tel Dan; Phoenician; Phoenician – Byblos (Ahiram); Conclusion;
Isaac, Testament of or
Testament of Isaac;
Isaiah, Book of or
Book of Isaiah – Message – Memories of Isaiah's Vision (Chs. 1-39) – A People in Revolt (Ch. 1); Message – Memories of Isaiah's Vision (Chs. 1-39) – Judgment for Babylon and the Nations (Chs. 13-35); Message – Memories of Isaiah's Vision (Chs. 1-39) – Isaiah and Hezekiah (Chs. 36-39);
Jael;
James – James the son of Alphaeus; James the son of Mary; James the father of Judas;
James, Ascents of or
Ascents of James;
James, Letter of or
Letter of James – Theological Emphases – Wisdom; Theological Emphases – Love, Faith, and Works; Theological Emphases – Perfection; Theological Emphases – Eschatology;
James the Greater, Acts of or
Acts of James the Greater;
Janoah* – Janoah (town on the eastern border of Ephraim); Janoah (city in the northern region of Naphtali);
Jattir;
Jealousy;
Jehoiachin;
Jehoram – Jehoram (son and successor or Jehoshaphat)*;
Jehosheba;
Jerahmeel* – Jerahmeel (brother of Ram and Caleb);
Jeremiah, Lamentations of or
Lamentations of Jeremiah;
Jericho – Old Testament and Apocrypha; New Testament; Tulûl Abū el-‘Alayiq;
Jerusalem – Name; Ancient Sources; Archaeological Evidence;
Jerusalem, Gates of or
Gates of Jerusalem – Prexilic Period; Preexilic Period – Temple Gates; Preexilic Period – City Gates;
Jesus Christ – Public Career; Teaching – The Nature of the Kingdom; Teaching – Its Time and Place; Teaching – Preparation and Discipleship; Teaching – The Poor and Sinners; Teaching – Self-Conception; Teaching – Ethics; Miracles; Controversy and Danger – Crowds and Autonomy;
Jesus Christ, Wisdom of or
Wisdom of Jesus Christ;
Jewish Christians – Sources; History;
Job, Book of or
Book of Job – Composition and Structure;
John, Gospel of or
Gospel of John – Contents; Authorship and Composition; Date; Readers; Relationship to Other NT Books – Synoptic Gospels; Relationship to Other NT Books – Johannine Epistles; Relationship to Other NT Books – Revelation; Theological Emphasis;
John, Letters of or
Letters of John – 2 John; 3 John; Date and Location;
John the Baptist – Sources; Name; Followers;
Jonah, Book of or
Book of Jonah – Jonah Called (1:1-3); Jonah Pursued (1:4-16); Jonah's Response to God's Deliverance (1:17-2:10 [MT 2:1-11]); Nineveh and God Repent (3:1-10); A Theological Debate (4:1-11);
Joppa;
Joseph – Joseph (father of Igal); Joseph (of the sons of Asaph); Joseph (descendant of Binnui); Joseph (returner of Neh.); Joseph (son of Oziel); Joseph (son of Zechariah); Joseph (brother of Judas Maccabeus); Joseph (brother of Jesus); Joseph (brother of James, son of Mary); Joseph (father of Jannai); Joseph (father of Judah); Joseph (disciple of Jesus called Barsabbas); Joseph (became Barnabas);
Joseph the Carpenter, History of or
History of Joseph the Carpenter;
Jotbah;
Judah, Kingdom of or
Kingdom of Judah – History – Sources; History – Divided Kingdom; History – Omride Dynasty; History – Aramean Domination;
Judas, Gospel of or
Gospel of Judas;
Jude, Letter of or
Letter of Jude – Literary Structure; Sources; The Opponents; Date; Destination; Message;
Judea;
Judges, Book of or
Book of Judges – Formation; The Judges; Contents – The Conquest (1:1-2:5); Contents – Exploits of the Judges (2:6-16:31); Contents – Appendices (17:1-21:25); Themes; New Directions;
Junia;
Juttah;
Maccabees;
Machpelah;
Magic – Ancient Mediterranean and Near East;
Magistrate;
Mahalab;
Mahalath or
Basemoth* – Mahalath or Basemoth (cryptic term in Psalms);
Mahanaim;
Makkedah;
Malachi, Book of or
Book of Malachi – Date; Historical Background; Genre; Outline and Message – 1:2-5 God's Love for Israel; Outline and Message – 1:6-2:9 Pollution by the Priests; Outline and Message – 2:10-16 Unfaithfulness within the Community; Outline and Message – 2:17-3:5 – Cleansing of the Community; Outline and Message – 3:6-12 Paying for Cultic Services; Outline and Message – 3:13-4:3 (3:21) Hope for the Community; Outline and Message – 4:4-6 (3:22-24) Living in the Community;
Malta;
Manichaeism;
Mantic;
Maon (place) – Maon (now Khirbet el-Ma'in);
Marcion, Gospel of or
Gospel of Marcion;
Mareshah (place) or
Marisa;
Mary – Mary of Bethany; Mary the mother of James and Joseph; Mary wife of Cleopas; Mary the mother of John Mark; Mary of Rome;
Masada;
Mattanah;
Meat;
Melchior;
Melchizedek – Genesis 14; Psalm 110;
Melqart;
Menahem;
Menelaus;
Mephibosheth* – Mephibosheth (son of Saul); Mephibosheth (grandson of Saul);
Merodach-baldan;
Mesopotamia;
Mezuzah;
Michal;
Middin;
Midrash;
Migdal-gad;
Millo* – Millo (fortification or construction in Jerusalem at an unknown location); Millo (construction of Solomon);
Mishael* – Mishael (alternate name of Meshach, companion of Daniel);
Mishnah;
Moladah;
Monotheism – Ancient Israel; New Testament;
Mordecai* – Mordecai (character in the Book of Esther);
Mount of God or
Mountain of God;
Mughara, Wadi el- or
Wadi el-Mughara* – Mughara, Wadi el- or Wadi el-Mughara (on the western side of Mt. Carmel); Mughara, Wadi el- or Wadi el-Mughara (in the southwestern Sinai);
Muratorian Fragment;
Music or
Musical instruments – Old Testament - bĕkōl ‘ăsê bĕrôšîm; Old Testament - hālîl; Old Testament - hăsōsĕrâ; Old Testament - kinnôr; Old Testament - mĕna‘an‘îm; Old Testament - mĕsiltayim or selsĕlim; Old Testament - nēbel or nēbel ‘āśôr; Old Testament - pa‘ămôn; Old Testament - šôpār; Old Testament - qeren hayyôbēl; Old Testament - tōp; Old Testament - ‘ûgāb; Old Testament - Daniel; Old Testament - Collective terms; Old Testament - Superscriptions to the Psalms;
Myrrh;
Mysia;
Palestine, Land of or
Land of Palestine – Physical Description – Central Range – Lebanon; Physical Description – Central Range – Galilee; Physical Description – Central Range – Jezreel; Physical Description – Central Range – Jerusalem; Physical Description – Central Range – Mt. Judah; Physical Description – Central Range – Shephelah; Physical Description – Central Range – Wilderness of Judah; Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Beqa‘; Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Mt. Hermon; Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Sea of Galilee; Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Jordan River; Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Dead Sea; Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Southern Arabah; Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Reed Sea; Physical Description – Transjordan – Bashan; Physical Description – Transjordan – Gilead; Physical Description – Transjordan – Ammon; Physical Description – Transjordan – Moab; Physical Description – Transjordan – Edom;
Palmyra;
Pamphylia;
Paraclete;
Partridge;
Paul – Sources; Chronology;
Paul, Acts of or
Acts of Paul;
Paul, Apocalypse of or
Apocalypse of Paul;
Paul and Seneca, Letters of or
Letters of Paul and Seneca;
Paul and Thecla, Acts of or
Acts of Paul and Thecla;
Pella;
Pelusium;
Pentateuch – Unity and Diversity;
Pentecost;
Perga;
Perizzites;
Persia – Geography;
Peter, Acts of or
Acts of Peter;
Peter, First Letter of or
First Letter of Peter – Recipients; Author; Purpose; Theology;
Peter, Gospel of or
Gospel of Peter;
Peter, Second Letter of or
Second Letter of Peter – Theological Character; Date;
Peter and Paul, The Passion of or The
Passion of Peter and Paul;
Philemon;
Philemon, Letter to or
Letter to Philemon – Structure; Purpose;
Philip, Acts of or
Acts of Philip;
Phoebe;
Phoenicia – People and Language; Religion – Temple Personnel; Religion – Daily Sacred Liturgy; Religion – Sacrifice; Religion – Death and the Underworld; Society and Its Values;
Pine;
Pisgah;
Pithom;
Plants – Waterway Plants; Wilderness Plants; Thorns and Thistles; Flowers of the Field;
Pleaides;
Pool;
Poplar;
Pottery – Ceramic Types – Pottery Neolithic Period (ca. 6000-4000 B.C.E.); Ceramic Types – Chalcolithic Period (ca. 4000-3300); Ceramic Types – Early Bronze Age (ca. 3300-2000); Ceramic Types – Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000-1500); Ceramic Types – Late Bronze Age (ca. 1500-1200); Ceramic Types – Iron Age (ca. 1200-586); Ceramic Types – Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine Periods (ca. 586 B.C.E.-640 C.E.);
Praise;
Presbyter or
Presbytery;
Presence;
Prophet or
Prophecy – Conceptual World; The “End” of Prophecy;
Proverbs, Book of or
Book of Proverbs – Date; The Individual Sections – 1:1-7; The Individual Sections – 1:8-9:18; The Individual Sections – 10:1-22:16; The Individual Sections – 22:17-24:22; The Individual Sections – 24:23-24; The Individual Sections – 25:1-29:27; The Individual Sections – 30:1-31:31;
Purim;
Tabeel* – Tabeel (father of person whom the Syro-Ephraimite coalition planned to place on the throne of Judah);
Tamar (person)* – Tamar (daugher-in-law of Judah); Tamar (daughter of Absalom);
Tamar (place)* – Tamar (site marking the southeastern border of the restored, ideal Israel in Ezek.);
Tammuz;
Tarshish (person)* – Tarshish (official of Persia or Media in Esth.);
Tema (place);
Temeni;
Terror on every side;
Tertullus;
Testament;
Text of the Old Testament – Ancient Manuscripts – Qumran and Judean Desert – Qumran; Ancient Manuscripts – Qumran and Judean Desert – Judean Desert; Ancient Versions – Greek Versions; Ancient Versions – Latin Versions; Ancient Versions – Targums; Ancient Versions – Samaritan Pentateuch;
Text of the New Testament – Methods of Textual Criticism – External Evidence – Number of Supporting Witnesses; Methods of Textual Criticism – External Evidence – Age of Supporting Witnesses; Methods of Textual Criticism – External Evidence – Geographical Diversity of the Witnesses; Methods of Textual Criticism – External Evidence – “Quality” of the Supporting Witnesses; Text of the New Testament – Methods of Textual Criticism – Internal Evidence – Transcriptional Probabilities; Methods of Textual Criticism – Intrinsic Probabilities; The Text at the End of the Twentieth Century;
Theodotion;
Thessalonians, First Letter to the or
First Letter to the Thessalonians – Historical Context; Epistolatory Structure and Function; Significant Features – Eschatology; Significant Features – Familial Language; Significant Features – Ethical Instruction; Significant Features – Wrath against “the Jews”;
Thessalonians, Second Letter to the or
Second Letter to the Thessalonians – Structure and Purpose; Significant Features; Significant Features – Divine Justice; Significant Features – The “Day of the Lord”;
Theudas;
Thomas;
Thomas, Infancy Gospel of or
Infancy Gospel of Thomas;
Thrace;
Time – The Days to Come;
Timnah* – Timnah (city on the northern border of Judah);
Tirhakah;
Titus, Epistle of or
Epistle of Titus;
Tob;
Tobit, Book of or
Book of Tobit – Date, Language, and Versions; Later Use of Tobit;
Travel or
Transportation –Traveling Conditions;
Travelers, Valley of the or
Valley of the Travelers;
Tribulation;
Truth, Gospel of or
Gospel of Truth;
Tychicus;
Tyropoeon Valley;
Abda – Abda (father of Adoniram); Abda (son of Shammua);
Abdi – Abdi (grandfather of Ethan); Abdi (father of the Levite Kish); Abdi (divorcing Israelite of the time of Ezra);
Abdon (person) – Abdon (son of Hillel); Abdon (son of Shashak); Abdon (son of Jeiel); Abdon (son of Micah);
Abiel – Abiel (father of Kish); Abiel (Arbathite warrior);
Abiezer – Abiezer (descendant of Manasseh); Abiezer (of David's Champions);
Abihail – Abihail (father of Zuriel); Abihail (wife of Abishur); Abihail (man of the tribe of Gad); Abihail (daughter of Eliab); Abihail (father of Esther);
Abijah – Abijah (son of Samuel); Abijah (son of Jeroboam I); Abijah (head of the eighth division of priests); Abijah (wife of Hezron); Abijah (son of Becher); Abijah (priest who signed the covenant of Nehemiah); Abijah (head of a priestly group); Abijah (name on ostracons);
Abimelech – Abimelech (king of Gerar); Abimelech (Ruler David escaped); Abimelech (son of Abiathar);
Abinadab – Abinadab (father of Eleazer); Abinadab (son of Jesse); Abinadab (son of Saul);
Abiram – Abiram (son of Eliab); Abiram (son of Hiel);
Abishua – Abishua (son of Phinehas); Abishua (son of Bela);
Absalom – Absalom (messenger of Judas Maccabeus);
Achbor – Achbor (father of Baal-hanan); Achbor (son of Micaiah);
Achzib – Achzib (town in the Shephelah); Achzib (city 9 miles north of Acco);
Adah – Adah (wife of Lamech); Adah (wife of Esau);
Adaiah – Adaiah (man from Boskath); Adaiah (Levite of the family of Gershom); Adaiah (son of Jeroham); Adaiah (descendants of Bani and Binnui); Adaiah (son of Joiarib); Adaiah (father of Maaseiah);
Addi – Addi (leader of returning clan of Israelites); Addi (ancestor of Jesus);
Adiel – Adiel (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Adiel (son of Jahzerah); Adiel (father of Azmaveth);
Adna – Adna (son of Pahath-moah); Adna (priest of the family of Harim);
Adnah – Adnah ("chief of thousands"); Adnah (officer under Jehoshaphat);
Adonijah – Adonijah (Levite of 2 Chr.); Adonijah (signer of the covenant of Nehemiah);
Ahab – Ahab (son of Kolaiah);
Ahasuerus – Ahasuerus (possible Biblical name of Xerxes I); Ahasuerus (Ahasuerus the Mede); Ahasuerus (a destroyer of Ninezeh in Tobit);
Ahiezer – Ahiezer (son of Ammishaddai); Ahiezer (kinsman of Saul);
Ahihud – Ahihud (son of Shelomi); Ahihud (descendant of Ehud);
Ahijah – Ahijah (son of Ahitub); Ahijah (prophet from Shiloh); Ahijah (son of Shisha); Ahijah (father of Baasha); Ahijah (son of Jerahmeel); Ahijah (son of Ehud); Ahijah (Pelonite); Ahijah (Levite under David);
Ahimaaz – Ahimaaz (father of Ahinoam); Ahimaaz (son of Zadok); Ahimaaz (one of Solomon's commissary officers);
Ahiman – Ahiman (descendant of Anak); Ahiman (Levite of 1 Chr.);
Ahimelech – Ahimelech (son of Ahitub); Ahimelech (friend of David); Ahimelech (son of Abiathar);
Ahio – Ahio (son of Abinadab); Ahio (son of Beriah); Ahio (brother of Kish);
Ahitub – Ahitub (son of Phinehas); Ahitub (son of Amariah); Ahitub (son of another Amariah); Ahitub (ancestor of Judith);
Ahlai – Ahlai (daughter of Sheshan); Ahlai (father of Zabad);
Aiah – Aiah (son of Zibeon); Aiah (father of Rizpah);
Aijalon – Aijalon (levitical city); Aijalon (burial place of Elon);
Ain – Ain (town in Numbers); Ain (city in Judah); Ain (city given to the descendants of Joshua);
Akkub – Akkub (son of Elioenai); Akkub (head of levitical family of gatekeepers); Akkub (chief of a family of temple servants); Akkub (Levite in Neh.);
Alemeth (person) – Alemeth (son of Becher); Alemeth (descendant of Saul);
Alexander – Alexander (son of Simon of Cyrene); Alexander (priest who questioned Peter and John after their arrest); Alexander (Jew of Ephesus); Alexander (of 1 Tim.); Alexander (coppersmith of 2 Tim.);
Alexandra – Alexandra (daughter of Aristobulus); Alexandra (daughter of Phasael);
Alphaeus – Alphaeus (father of James); Alphaeus (father of Levi);
Amariah – Amariah (son of Hebron); Amariah (priest descended from Eleazar); Amariah (son of Azariah); Amariah (high priest at the time of Jehoshaphat); Amariah (levitical priest of time of Hezekiah of Judah); Amariah (son of Hezekiah); Amariah (priest and son of Azariah); Amariah (man of the family of Azzur); Amariah ("son of Amariah" in Neh.); Amariah (name on seals);
Amasa – Amasa (kinsman of David); Amasa (son of Hadlai);
Amasai – Amasai (son of Elkanah); Amasai (Chief of David' Thirty); Amasai (priest of 1 Chr.); Amasai (father of Mahath);
Amaziah – Amaziah (father of Joshah); Amaziah (Levite of the family of Merair); Amaziah (priest of era of Jeroboam II);
Ammiel – Ammiel (son of Gemalli); Ammiel (father of Machir); Ammiel (father of Bathsheba); Ammiel (son of Obed-edom);
Ammihud – Ammihud (father of Elishama); Ammihud (father of Shemuel); Ammihud (father of Pedahel); Ammihud (father of King Talmai); Ammihud (returning exile of 1 Chr.);
Aminadab – Aminadab (son of Ram); Aminadab (son of Kohath); Aminadab (chief of levitical family of Uzziel); Aminadab (father of Esther); Aminadab (King of Beth-ammon);
Amnon – Amnon (son of David); Amnon (son of Shimon);
Amon (person) – Amon (official of Samaria); Amon (returner from exile);
Amram – Amram (grandson of Levi); Amram (son of Bani);
Amzi – Amzi (son of Bani); Amzi (son of Zechariah);
Anah – Anah (son of Zibeon); Anah (son of Seir);
Anaiah – Anaiah (who stood at Ezra's right hand); Anaiah (chief who sealed the covenant of Nehemiah);
Andronicus – Andronicus (deputy under Antiochus IV Epiphanius); Andronicus (Commander of garrison at Gerizim); Andronicus (fellow prisoner of Paul);
Anna – Anna (wife of Tobit); Anna (widow in Luke); Anna (Mother of Mary);
Antigonus – Antigonus (general of Alexander the Great); Antigonus (son of John Hyrcanus); Antigonus (Antigonus II of Judea);
Antipas – Antipas (Herod Antipas); Antipas (martyr of Pergamum);
Antipater – Antipater (son of Jason); Antipater (Idumean noble); Antipater (son of Herod);
Aphek – Aphek (Afqā); Aphek (town of the tribe of Asher); Aphek (town in the Golan);
Arah – Arah (son of Ulla); Arad (ancestor of returners);
Aram (person) – Aram (son of Shem); Aram (son of Kemuel); Aram (son of Shemer); Aram (ancestor of Jesus);
Ariel (person) – Ariel (of Ezra's delegation); Ariel (two Moabites killed by Benaiah);
Arioch – Arioch (king of Ellasar); Arioch (captain of Nebuchadnezzar's bodyguards); Arioch (King of the Chaldeans);
Aristobulus – Aristobulus I; Aristobulus II; Aristobulus (mentioned in Romans);
Aroer – Aroer (Aroer on the Arnon); Aroer (town in Gilead); Aroer (town near Damascus); Aroer (settlement west of Jordan);
Arphaxad – Arphaxad (king of the Medes); Arphaxad (ancestor of Jesus);
Artaxerxes – Artaxerxes I Longimanus; Artaxerxes II Mnemon;
Asa - Asa (father of Berechiah);
Asahel – Asahel (son of Zeruiah); Asahel (Levite sent into Judah in 2 Chr.); Asahel (Levite who collected tithes); Asahel (father of Jonathan); Asahel (son of Ezora);
Asaiah – Asaiah (servant sent to Huldah); Asaiah (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Asaiah (head of a Merarite levitical family); Asaiah (firstborn of the Shilonites returning from exile);
Asaph – Asaph (father of Joah); Asaph ("sons of Asaph"); Asaph (Keeper of Artaxerxes' park);
Asher – Asher (Akkadian god); Asher (son of Jacob);
Ashnah – Ashnah (Josh 15:33); Ashnah (Josh 15:43);
Asiel – Asiel (father of Seraiah); Asiel (ancestor of Tobit); Asiel (scribe of Ezra);
Asshur (place) – Asshur (Assur of Assyria); Asshur (alternate name for Assyria);
Assir – Assir (son of Korah); Assir (son of Ebiasaph);
Ataroth – Ataroth (town in Transjordan); Ataroth (town in Josh 16:2); Ataroth (town in Josh 16:7); Ataroth (place in 1 Chr 2:54);
Ater – Ater (ancestor of returning family); Ater (Levite leader of a family of gatekeepers); Ater (Israelite covenant sealer in Neh.);
Athaliah – Athaliah (son of Jeroham); Athaliah (father of Jeshaiah);
Attai – Attai (son of Jarha); Attai (Gadite warrior at Ziklag); Attai (son of Rehoboam);
Aven – Aven (abbreviation of Beth-aven); Aven (derisive epithet for an Armenean valley); Aven (city possibly Heliopolis);
Avvim – Avvim (inhabitants of the Philistine Plain); Avvim (city of the tribe of Benjamin);
Azarel – Azarel (Korahite at Ziklag); Azarel (levitical singer of time of David); Azarel (son of Jeroham); Azarel (descendant of Binnui); Azarel (son of Ahzai); Azarel (priest of Neh.);
Azariah – Azariah (son of Zadok); Azariah (son of Nathan); Azariah (given name of King Uzziah); Azariah (great-grandson of Judah); Azariah (descendant of Judah); Azariah (descendant of Aaron); Azariah (priest in Solomon's temple); Azariah (father of Hilkiah); Azariah (of the Kohathite division of Levites); Azariah (priest of 1 Chr.); Azariah (son of Oded); Azariah (two sons of Jehoshaphat); Azariah (son of Jeroham and son of Oded, military officers); Azariah (priest of 2 Chr.); Azariah (murdered Ephraimite); Azariah (two men, father of Joel and son of Jehallel, who helped clean the temple); Azariah (chief priest under Hezekiah); Azariah (grandfather of Ezra); Azariah (father of Amariah); Azariah (wall repairer of Neh.); Azariah (one of the leaders of the exile returners); Azariah (interpreter of Ezra); Azariah (emigrant to Egypt in Jer.); Azariah (Hebrew name of Abednego);
Azaziah – Azaziah (Levite who played the lyre); Azaziah (father of Hoshea); Azaziah (overseer of the temple in 2 Chr.);
Azvameth (person) – Azvameth (one of David's Champions); Azvameth (Benjaminite of Ziklag); Azvameth (treasurer at the palace of David); Azvameth (son of Jehoaddah);
Azriel – Azriel (of the tribe of Manasseh); Azriel (father of Jerimoth); Azriel (father of Seraiah);
Azrikam – Azrikam (son of Neariah); Azrikam (son of Azel); Azrikam (son of Hashabiah); Azrikam (murdered by Zichri);
Azubah – Azubah (daughter of Shilhi); Azubah (wife of Caleb);
Azzur – Azzur (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Azzur (father of Hananiah); Azzur (father of Jaazaniah);
Baal (person) – Baal (descendant of Joel); Baal (son of Jeiel);
Baalah – Baalah (Kiriath-jearaim); Baalah (mountain on the border of Judah); Baalah (city of southern Judah);
Baal-hanan – Baal-hanan (son of Achbor); Baal-hanan (Overseer of olives under David);
Baana – Baana (son of Ahilud); Baana (son of Hushai); Baana (father of Zadok);
Baanah – Baanah (son of Rimmon); Baanah (father of Heleb); Baanah (leader of exile returners);
Bani – Bani (Gadite member of David's Thirty); Bani (Levite of the line of Ethan of the time of David); Bani (son of Perez); Bani (family of 642 returners); Bani (father of Rehum); Bani (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah);
Barsabbas – Barsabbas (surname of Joseph); Barsabbas (surname of Judas);
Baruch – Baruch (son of Zabbai); Baruch (ratifier of the covenant of Nehemiah); Baruch (son of Colhozeh);
Barzillai – Barzillai (Gileadite of Rogelim); Barzillai (father of Adriel); Barzillai (husband of the daughter of Barzillai the Gileadite);
Basemath – Basemath (wife of Esau); Basemath (daughter of Solomon);
Bath-shua – Bath-shua (wife of Judah); Bath-shua (alternate form of Bathsheba);
Bealoth – Bealoth (city of Judah); Bealoth (place in Asher);
Bebai – Bebai (ancestor of returners); Bebai (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah);
Bedan – Bedan (son of Ulam); Bedan (of 1 Samuel);
Beer (place to which Jotham fled);
Beeri – Beeri (father of Judith); Beeri (father of Hosea);
Bela (person) – Bela (son of Boer); Bela (son of Benjamin); Bela (son of Azaz);
Benaiah – Benaiah (son of Jehoiada); Benaiah (one of David's Thirty); Benaiah (Simeonite chief in 1 Chr.); Benaiah (Levite musician of David); Benaiah (trumpet blower of the ark of David); Benaiah (priest of 2 Chr.); Benaiah (four divorcing Israelites of the time of Ezra); Benaiah (father of Pelatiah);
Ben-hadad – Ben-hadad I; Ben-hadad II;
Benjamin – Benjamin (son of Bilhan);
Beor – Beor (father of Bela); Beor (father of Balaam);
Berechiah – Berechiah (son of Zerubbabel); Berechiah (father of Asaph); Berechiah (son of Asa); Berechiah (gatekeeper of the ark under David); Berechiah (son of Meshillemoth); Berechiah (son of Meshezabel); Berechiah (son of Iddo);
Beriah or
Beriites – Beriah or Beriites (son of Asher); Beriah or Beriites (son of Ephraim); Beriah or Beriites (son of Elpaal); Beriah or Beriites (son of Shimei);
Beroea – Beroea (Macedonian city); Beroea (Hellenistic name of Aleppo);
Bethany - Bethany (“Bethany beyond the Jordan” where John the Baptist baptized);
Beth-dagon – Beth-dagon (town of Judah); Beth-dagon (town of Asher);
Bethel - Bethel (town in the Negeb of Judah);
Bethlehem – Bethlehem (town of Zebulon);
Beteh-shemesh - Beth-shemesh (village South of the Sea of Galilee); Beth-shemesh (settlement of Naphtali); Beth-shemesh (alternate name for Egyptian On);
Beyond the river – Beyond the river (area east of the Euphrates); Beyond the river (district of Haran);
Bezalel – Bezalel (Judahite descendant of Caleb); Bezalel (returner from exile);
Bezek – Bezek (town of Judges); Bezek (town of 1 Sam.);
Bigvai – Bigvai (returner from Exile); Bigvai (family group returning from exile);
Bilgah – Bilgah (head of priestly family at time of David); Bilgah (leader of family of returning priests);
Bilhan – Bilhan (son of Ezer); Bilhan (son of Jediael);
Binnui – Binnui (son of Pahath-moab); Binnui (father of 13 divorcers); Binnui (ancestor of family of returners); Binnui (Levite contemporary of Zerubbabel);
Bozrah – Bozrah (city in Jer.); Bozrah (city in Gilead);
Bukki – Bukki (leader of the tribe of Dan); Bukki (son of Abishua);
Bunni – Bunni (Levite in Neh.); Bunni (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah); Bunni (ancestor of Shemaiah);
Buz – Buz (son of Nahor); Buz (father of Jahdo);
Cabul – Cabul (town of Asher); Cabul (district in Galilee);
Cainan – Cainan (son of Arphaxad); Cainan (alternate name of Kenan);
Calcol – Calcol (grandson of Judah); Calcol (son of Mahol);
Caleb – Caleb (son of Hezron); Caleb (son of Jephunneh);
Carmi – Carmi (son of Reuben); Carmi (father of Achan); Carmi (possible alternative name of Caleb);
Chelub – Chelub (father of Mehir); Chelub (father of Ezri);
Chenaanah – Chenaanah (father of Zedekiah); Chenaanah (son of Bilhan);
Chenaniah – Chenaniah (chief of Levites at time of David); Chenaniah (Levite of 1 Chr. and Neh.);
Chinnereth – Chinnereth (lake in northern Israel); Chinnereth (city near Sea of Chinnereth); Chinnereth (territory around the city and lake);
Col-hozeh – Col-hozeh (father of Shallum); Col-hozeh (father of Baruch);
Conaniah – Conaniah (Levite of time of Hezekiah); Conaniah (Levite of time of Josiah);
Cush (person) – Cush (son of Ham); Cush (messenger to David); Cush (opponent of David);
Cushi – Cushi (father of Shelemiah); Cushi (father of Zephaniah);
D – D (Deuteronomist); D (symbol for Codex Bezae [D] and Codex Claromontanus [D2]);
Daniel – Daniel (son of David); Daniel (priest returned from exile); Daniel (praised by Ezekiel);
Darius - Darius (Darius II Ochus); Darius (Darius III Codommanus); Darius (Darius the Mede);
Debir - Debir (city in Gilead); Debir (city on Judah-Benjamin border);
Deborah - Deborah (nurse of Rebekah); Deborah (grandmother of Tobit);
Delaiah – Delaiah (son of Elioenai); Delaiah (descendant of Aaron); Delaiah (ancestor of returning exiles); Delaiah (son of Mehetabel); Delaiah (son of Shemaiah);
Demetrius - Demetrius of Phalerum; Demetrius of Ephesus; Demetrius (3 John);
Dibon - Dibon (town of the Negeb in Judah);
Dishon – Dishon (son of Seir); Dishon (son of Anah);
Dodo – Dodo (father of Puah); Dodo (son of Ahohi); Dodo (father of Elhanan);
Dumah (place) – Dumah (city of Judah); Dumah (Dumat al-Jandal); Dumah (mentioned in Isaiah);
Ebal (person) – Ebal (son of Shobal); Ebal (son of Joktan);
Ebed – Ebed (father of Gaal); Ebed (son of Jonathan);
Eber – Eber (ancestor of Hebrews); Eber (clan of the tribe of Gad); Eber (son of Elpaal); Eber (son of Shashak); Eber (postexilic priest);
Eder (person) – Eder (postexilic Benjaminite); Eder (son of Mushi);
Eder (place) – Eder (town in southern Judah); Eder (landmark in the vicinity of Bethlehem);
Edrei – Edrei (Transjordanian city); Edrei (city in Naphtali);
Ehud – Ehud (son of Bilhan); Ehud (father of Naaman);
Elah – Elah (one of the 11 chiefs of Esau/Edom); Elah (4th king of Israel); Elah (father of Hoshea); Elah (son of Caleb); Elah (returning Benjaminite);
Elam (person) – Elam (son of Shem); Elam (son of Shashak); Elam (son of Meshelemiah); Elam (head of returning clan of Israelites); Elam ("other Elam"); Elam (signer of covenant of Nehemiah); Elam (priest who assisted Nehemiah);
Elasah – Elasah (son of Pashhur); Elasah (son of Shaphan);
Eleasah – Eleasah (son of Helez); Eleasah (son of Raphah);
Eleazar – Eleazar (son of Aaron); Eleazar (son of Abinadab); Eleazar (son of Dodo); Eleazar (son of Mali); Eleazar (son of Phinehas); Eleazar (priest of dedication in Neh.); Eleazar (son of Parosh); Eleazar (son of Mattathias); Eleazar (father of Jason); Eleazar (scribe of 2 Macc.); Eleazar (ancestor of Joseph);
Elhanan – Elhanan (son of Jair); Elhanan (son of Dodo);
Eliab – Eliab (son of Helon); Eliab (father of Dothan); Eliab (son of Jesse); Eliab (descendant of Levi); Eliab (Gadite officer of David); Eliab (Levite harpist of 1 Chr.); Eliab (ancestor of Judith);
Eliada – Eliada (son of David); Eliada (father of Rezon); Eliada (Benjaminte officer of Jehoshaphat);
Eliakim – Eliakim (official of Hezekiah); Eliakim (son of Josiah); Eliakim (priest of Neh.); Eliakim (grandson of Zerubbabel); Eliakim (son of Melea);
Eliam – Eliam (father of Bathsheba); Eliam (son of Ahithophel);
Eliasaph – Eliasaph (head of tribe of Gad); Eliasaph (son of Lael);
Eliashib – Eliashib (descendant of David); Eliashib (priest of the time of David); Eliashib (father of Jehohanan); Eliashib (singer of the time of Ezra); Eliashib (descendant of Zattu); Eliashib (descendant of Bani); Eliashib (high priest of the time of Nehemiah); Eliashib (son of Joiakim); Eliashib (priest of the temple staff of Neh.);
Eliehoenai – Eliehoenai (son of Meshelemiah); Eliehoenai (son of Zerahiah);
Eliel – Eliel (head of Manassite household of 1 Chr.); Eliel (ancestor of Samuel); Eliel (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Eliel (Mahavite of David's Mighty Men); Eliel (Gadite who joined David); Eliel (Levite of the sons of Hebron); Eliel (Levite under Hezekiah);
Eliezer – Eliezer (oldest of Abraham's servants); Eliezer (son of Moses); Eliezer (son of Becher); Eliezer (trumpet blowing priest); Eliezer (son of Zichri); Eliezer (son of Dodavahu); Eliezer (priest sent by Ezra); Eliezer (divorcing son of priest of Ezra); Eliezer (divorcing Levite); Eliezer (son of Harim); Eliezer (ancestor of Jesus);
Elihu – Elihu (son of Tohu); Elihu (defecting chief at Ziklag); Elihu (gatekeeper of the lineage of Obed-edom); Elihu (brother of David);
Elioenai – Elioenai (son of Neariah); Elioenai (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Elioenai (son of Becher); Elioenai (divorcing priest); Elioenai (Israelite of the Zattu clan of Ezra); Elioenai (priest of Neh.);
Eliphelet – Eliphelet (son(s?) of David); Eliphelet (of David's Thirty); Eliphelet (son of Eshek); Eliphelet (returning descendant of Adonikam); Eliphelet (divorcing descendant of Hashum);
Elishama – Elishama (son of Ammihud); Elishama (son of David); Elishama (father of Nethaniah); Elishama (descendant of Jerahmeel); Elishama (priest of Jehosaphat's commission); Elishama (scribe under Jehoiakim);
Elizaphan – Elizaphan (son of Uzziel); Elizaphan (son of Parnach);
Elkanah – Elkanah (descendant of Korah); Elkanah (ancestor of Samuel of Chr. 6:25); Elkanah (ancestor of Samuel of Chr. 6:26); Elkanah (ancestor of Berechiah); Elkanah (Korahite of David's Mighty Men); Elkanah (Davidic Levite doorkeeper of the ark); Elkanah (official of Ahaz);
Elnathan – Elnathan (father of Nehushta); Elnathan (1 or 2 "leaders" and a "wise" returner from exile); Elnathan (son of Achbor);
Elon (person) – Elon (father of Basemath); Elon (son of Zebulun); Elon (Zebulunite judge);
Elzabad – Elzabad (Gadite of Ziklag); Elzabad (Korahite temple gatekeeper); En-gannim – En-gannim (settlement in the Judean Shephelah); En-gannim (levitical city of Issachar);
Enoch – Enoch (son of Cain);
Ephah (person) – Ephah (concubine of Caleb); Ephah (son of Jahdai);
Epher – Epher (son of Midian); Epher (son of Ezrah); Epher (of 1 Chr. 5:24);
Ephrath (place) – Ephrath (city near where Rachel died); Ephrath (place where Rachel was buried); Ephron (place) – Ephron (district on the northern border of Judah); Ephron (town taken by King Abijah of Jordan); Ephron (large town of 1 Macc.);
Er – Er (son of Judah); Er (son of Shelah); Er (father of Elmadam);
Eshtemoa (person) – Eshtemoa (son of Ishbah); Eshtemoa (descendant of Hodiah);
Etam – Etam (place where Samson lodged); Etam (town occupied by the descendants of Simeon); Etam (town in the hill country of Judah);
Ethan – Ethan (one of the sons of Mahol); Ethan (descendant of Zerah); Ethan (son of Zimmah); Ethan (son of Kishi);
Ether – Ether (town of the tribal allotment of Judah); Ether (town occupied by the tribe of Simeon within the tribal allotment of Judah);
Ezbon – Ezbon (son of Gad); Ezbon (son of Bela);
Ezer – Ezer (son of Seir); Ezer (father of Hushah); Ezer (cattle raiding Ephraimite); Ezer (joined David at Ziklag); Ezer (son of Jeshua); Ezer (priest of Neh.);
Ezra – Ezra (priest of Neh. 12:1, 13); Ezra (priest of Neh. 12:33);
Gabael – Gabael (ancestor of Tobit); Gabael (friend of Tobit);
Gad (person) – Gad (son of Jacob); Gad (David's prophet or seer);
Gaddi – Gaddi (son of Susi); Gaddi (nikname of Judas Maccabeus' brother John);
Gaius – Gaius (Macedonian who traveled with Paul to Ephesus); Gaius (Paul's companion from Derbe); Gaius (Corinthian baptized by Paul); Gaius (recipient of 3 John);
Galal – Galal (Levite of 1 Chr. 9:15); Galal (son of Jeduthun);
Gamaliel – Gamaliel (son of Pedahur); Gamaliel (Gamaliel II);
Gath-rimmon – Gath-rimmon (city allotted to Dan); Gath-rimmon (city reallotted from Manasseh to Levites);
Gazez – Gazez (son of Caleb); Gazez (son of Haran);
Gebal - Gebal (now Gibal territory);
Gedaliah – Gedaliah (son of Ahikam); Gedaliah (musician of David's reign); Gedaliah (of the family of Jeshua); Gedaliah (son of Pashhur); Gedaliah (grandfather of Zephaniah);
Gederah – Gederah (town in the Shephelah); Gederah (home town of Jozabad the Gederathite);
Gedor (place) – Gedor (town in the Judean hill country); Gedor (city in Gilead and capital of Perea);
Gemariah – Gemariah (son of Hilkiah); Gemariah (son of Shaphan);
Gera – Gera (son of Benjamin); Gera (father of Ehud); Gera (father of Shimei); Gera (name in 1 Chr. 8:1-40); Gera (son of Ehud);
Gershom – Gershom (son of Moses); Gershom (son of Levi); Gershom (descendant of Phinehas);
Gibeah – Gibeah (town in the hill country of Judah); Gibeah (town in the hill country of Ephraim);
Giddel – Giddel (returning temple servant); Giddel (servant of Solomon);
Gihon – Gihon (river of Genesis);
Gilead (person) – Gilead (son of Machir); Gilead (father of Jephthah); Gilead (ancestor of the Gadite clan);
Gilgal – Gilgal (place "opposite" Mts. Gerizim and Ebal); Gilgal (place in Galilee); Gilgal (place on the northern border of Judah); Gilgal (site north of Bethel); Gilgal (iste Demetrius passed in 1 Macc.);
Ginnethon – Ginnethon (priest of Neh. 10:6); Ginnethon (priest of Neh. 12:16);
Goiim – Goiim (kingdom led by Tidal); Goiim (kingdom whose king was defeated by Joshua); Goiim (alt. form of goyim);
Gomer – Gomer (son of Japheth); Gomer (son of Diblaim);
Goshen – Goshen (region in southern Canaan); Goshen (town in the hill country assigned to Judah);
Guni – Guni (son of Naphtali); Guni (father of Abdiel);
Hadad (person) – Hadad (son of Ishmael); Hadad (king of Edom, son of Bedad); Hadad (later king of Edom); Hadad (Edomite king, enemy of Solomon);
Hanan – Hanan (son of Shashak); Hanan (son of Azel); Hanan (son of Maacah); Hanan (head of family of returners); Hanan (Levite of the time of Ezra); Hanan (Two men listed as leaders of the people in Neh.); Hanan (son of Zaccur); Hanan (guild member who occupied a chamber of the temple in Jer.);
Hanani - Hanani (son of Heman); Hanani (son of the priestly family of Immer); Hanani (Nehemiah's brother); Hanani (priest and trumpeter of Neh.);
Hananiah – Hananiah (son of Zerubbabel); Hananiah (postexilic member of tribe of Benjamin); Hananiah (son of Heman); Hananiah (commander under King Uzziah); Hananiah (of the family of Bebai who sent away foreign wife); Hananiah (son of Shelemiah); Hananiah (governor of the citadel/palace at time of Nehemiah); Hananiah (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Hananiah (priest and head of house of Jeremiah at time of Neh.); Hananiah (father of official under Jehoiakim); Hananiah (father of Chelemiah); Hananiah (changed name to Shadrach);
Hanniel – Hanniel (son of Ephod); Hanniel (son of Ulla);
Hanoch – Hanoch (son of Midian); Hanoch (son of Reuben);
Hanun – Hanun (son of Nahash); Hanun (Israelite helped restore walls in Neh.); Hanun (son of Zalaph);
Haran (person) – Haran (son of Terah); Haran (descendant of Judah); Haran (son of Shimei);
Harim – Harim (head of a priestly family at time of David); Harim (person or place that designates a lay family of returners in Ezra);
Harod – Harod (spring in Judg.); Harod (town SE of Jerusalem, exact location unknown);
Hasadiah – Hasadiah (son of Zerubbabel); Hasadiah (ancestor of Baruch);
Hashabiah – Hashabiah (father of Malluch); Hashabiah (father of Azrikam); Hashabiah (son of Jeduthun); Hashabiah (Hebronite official of David); Hashabiah (son of Kemuel); Hashabiah (chief officer of the Levites at time of Josiah); Hashabiah (descendant of Merari); Hashabiah (one of 12 priests set apart by Ezra); Hashabiah (divorcing descendant of Parosh); Hashabiah (ruler of half the district of Keilah at time of Neh.); Hashabiah (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Hashabiah (chief officer of the Levites at time of Neh.); Hashabiah (head of a priestly family of Hilkiah); Hashabiah (a leader of the Levites at time of Neh.);
Hashabneiah – Hashabneiah (father of Hattush); Hashabneiah (Levite at time of Neh.);
Hashum – Hashum (returner at time of Ezra); Hashum (representative of the family of Hashum at time of Ezra);
Hasrah – Hasrah (grandfather of Shallum); Hasrah (head of family of returning exiles);
Hassenuah – Hassenuah (father of Hodaviah); Hassenuah (father of Judah);
Hasshub – Hasshub (Levite of the line of Merari); Hasshub (son of Pahath-moab); Hasshub (Israelite who helped rebuild the walls);
Hattush – Hattush (son of Shemaiah); Hattush (son of Hashabneiah); Hattush (returning priest);
Havilah (person) – Havilah (son of Cush); Havilah (son of Joktan);
Hazor – Hazor (city in the Negeb); Hazor (city on the southern border of Judah); Hazor (town resettled by Benjaminites after the Restoration); Hazor (collective term for Arab kingdoms);
Heber – Heber (son of Beriah); Heber (Kenite descended from Hobab); Heber (descendant of Ezrah); Heber (son of Elpaal);
Hebron (person) – Hebron (son of Kohath); Hebron (son of Mareshah);
Heldai – Heldai (Netophatite of David's army); Heldai (returner from exile);
Helem – Helem (descendant of Asher); Helem (responsible for the crown of the high priest in Zech.);
Heleph;
Helez – Helez (descendadnt of Jerahmeel); Helez (Pelonite of the army of Ephraim);
Heliopolis – Heliopolis (Egyptian city Om); Heliopolis (Greek name of Baalbek);
Heman – Heman (descendant of Esau); Heman (son of Mahol); Heman (son of Joel);
Hepher (person) – Hepher (son of Gilead); Hepher (descendant of Judah); Hepher (one of David's mighty men);
Hephzibah – Hephzibah (wife of King Hezekiah); Hephzibah (symbolic name for Jerusalem);
Hezekiah – Hezekiah (head of family of returners); Hezekiah (ancestor of Zephaniah);
Hezir – Hezir (leader of 17th division of priests under David); Hezir (Levite who sealed the covenant of Neh.);
Hezron (person) – Hezron (son of Reuben); Hezron (son of Perez);
Hieronymus – Hieronymus (district governor in 2 Macc.); Hieronymus (Latin form of Jerome);
Hilkiah – Hilkiah (father of Eliakim); Hilkiah (High priest at time of Josiah); Hilkiah (pre-exilic Levite, possible great-grandfather of Ezra); Hilkiah (ancestor of Merari); Hilkiah (father of postexilic priest, various names); Hilkiah (gatekeeper at the time of David); Hilkiah (one who stood beside Ezra); Hilkiah (leader of the priests at time of Neh.); Hilkiah (father of Jeremiah); Hilkiah (father of Gemariah); Hilkiah (ancestor of Judith); Hilkiah (ancestor of Baruch); Hilkiah (ancestor of Susanne);
Hillel – Hillel (father of Abdon);
Hodaviah – Hodaviah (son of Elioenai); Hodaviah (head of a family in the half-tribe of Manasseh); Hodaviah (son of Hassenuah); Hodaviah (Levite ancestor of returners from exile);
Hodiah – Hodiah (brother-in-law of Nahum); Hodiah (Levite interpreter of the law of the time of Ezra); Hodiah (two Levites who signed the covenant of Ezra); Hodiah (an apparently non-Levite signer of the covenant of Ezra);
Holon – Holon (city in the hill country of Judah); Holon (city in the tableland of Moab);
Hor – Hor (mountain on which Aaron died); Hor (mountain marking the northern boundary of Israel);
Horn – Horn (container for liquids); Horn (symol of power, victory, or glory);
Hoshaiah – Hoshaiah (a leader of Judah in Neh.); Hoshaiah (father of Jezaniah);
Hoshea – Hoshea (original name of Joshua); Hoshea (last king of northern Israel); Hoshea (chief officer David placed over Ephraim); Hoshea (levitical priest who ratified Ezra's covenant); Hoshea (prophet also called Hosea);
Hotham – Hotham (son of Heber); Hotham (father of Shama);
Hur – Hur (companion of Moses and Aaron); Hur (grandfather of Bezalel); Hur (one of five kings slain at Peor); Hur (father of Solomon's governor in Ephraim); Hur (father of Rephaiah);
Huram – Huram (Tyrian metal-worker); Huram (alternate form of the name Hiram); Huram (son of Bela);
Hushim – Hushim (son of Dan); Hushim (sons of Aher); Hushim (mother of Abitub);
Hyrkanus – Hyrcanus (son of Tobias);
Iddo – Iddo (father of Ahinadab); Iddo (Levite descendant of Gershom); Iddo (prophet said to have authored a midrash); Iddo (grandfather of Zechariah); Iddo (tribal leader under David); Iddo (Yehudite who married a foreign woman); Iddo (Judean leader of the time of Ezra);
Igal – Igal (spy from Issachar); Igal (son of Nathan); Igal (son of Shemaiah);
Imnah – Imnah (son of Asher); Imnah (father of Kore);
Imri – Imri (ancestor of Uthai); Imri (father of Zaccur);
Ira – Ira (Manassite of the lineage of Jair); Ira (son of Ikkesh); Ira (Ithrite, one of David's Champions);
Ishi – Ishi (son of Appaim); Ishi (father of Zoheth); Ishi (Simeonite whose sons or followers defeated Amalekites in 1 Chr.); Ishi (head of a father's house in the half-tribe of Manasseh);
Ishmael – Ishmael (son of Azel); Ishmael (father of Zebediah); Ishmael (son of Johananan); Ishmael (son of Passhur); Ishmael (son of Nethaniah);
Ishmaiah – Ismaiah (Gibeonite leader of the Thirty); Ismaiah (son of Obadiah);
Ishvi – Ishvi (son of Asher); Ishvi (son of Saul);
Issachar – Issachar (son of Leah); Issachar (son of Obed-orem);
Isshiah – Isshiah (son of Izrahiah); Isshiah (who joined David at Ziklag); Isshiah (son of Uzziel); Isshiah (Levite of the family of Rehabiah);
Ithiel – Ithiel (ancestor of Sallu); Ithiel (person addressed in Proverbs);
Ithran – Ithran (son of Dishon); Ithran (son of Zophah);
Ittai – Ittai (man from Gath in 2 Sam.); Ittai (son of Ribai);
Izhar – Izhar (Levite father of Korah); Izhar (Judahite son of Helah);
Jaasiel – Jaasiel (Mezobaite, one of David's mighty men); Jaasiel (son of Abner);
Jaazaniah – Jaazaniah (commander of the troops of Judah under Gedaliah); Jaazaniah (son of Jeremiah); Jaazaniah (son of Shaphan); Jaazaniah (son of Azzur);
Jabin – Jabin (king of Hazor in Josh.); Jabin (king of Hazor in Judg.);
Jabneel – Jabneel (town on the southern border of the tribe of Judah); Jabneel (town on the southeastern border of Naphtali);
Jachin – Jachin (son of Simeon); Jachin (leader of the 21st priestly division at the time of David);
Jaddua – Jaddua (a "leader of the people" who sealed the covenant in Neh.); Jaddua (son of Jonathan);
Jahath – Jahath (son of Reaiah); Jahath (son of Libni); Jahath (grandson of Gershom); Jahath (son of Shelomoth); Jahath (overseer of the temple repair work force at the time of King Josiah);
Jahaziel – Jahaziel (Benjaminite who came to David at Ziklag); Jahaziel (priest at the time of David); Jahaziel (Korahite Levite of 1 Chr.); Jahaziel (son of Zechariah); Jahaziel (father of Shecaniah);
Jair – Jair (son of Manasseh); Jair (Jair the Gileadite); Jair (father of Elhanan); Jair (father of Mordecai);
Jakim – Jakim (son of Shimei); Jakim (leader of the twelfth division of priests at the time of David);
Japhia (person) – Japhia (king of Lachish); Japhia (son of David);
Jarib – Jarib (son of Simeon); Jarib (sent by Ezra to Casiphia); Jarib (priest Ezra ordered to give up a foreign wife);
Jarmuth – Jarmuth (city in Judah); Jarmuth (city in Issachar);
Jashobeam – Jashobeam (Hachmonite leader of David's Three); Jashobeam (son of Zabdiel); Jashobeam (Korahite who defected at Ziklag);
Jashub – Jashub (son of Issachar); Jashub (returned exile of Ezra);
Jason – Jason (son of Eleazar); Jason (father of Antipater); Jason (Cyrenian historian); Jason (high priest 174-171 B.C.E.); Jason (Jewish Christian of Acts 17:5-9); Jason (companion of Paul in Rom 16:21);
Jeconiah or
Jechoniah – Jeconiah or Jechoniah (altenate name of King Jehoiachin of Judah); Jeconiah or Jechoniah (Levitical priest of time of King Josiah); Jeconiah or Jechoniah (alternate name of King Jehoahaz or Judah);
Jedaiah – Jedaiah (son of Shimri); Jedaiah (eponymous ancestor of a priestly house); Jedaiah (wall builder of Neh.); Jedaiah (priest of the time of Neh.); Jedaiah (two levitical chiefs who returned at time of Neh. 12:6-7); Jedaiah (two head of family priest of Neh. 12:19, 21); Jedaiah (contemporary of the prophet Zechariah);
Jediael – Jediael (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Jediael (son of Shimri); Jediael (military chief who deserted David at Ziklag); Jediael (son of Meshelemiah);
Jeduthun – Jeduthun (father of Obed-edom); Jeduthun (Levitical musician of 1 and 2 Chr.);
Jehallelel – Jehallelel (descendant of Judah); Jehallelel (father of Azariah);
Jehdeiah – Jehdeiah (descendant of Shubael); Jehdeiah (Meronothite overseer of David's donkeys);
Jehiel – Jehiel (Levite musician of the time of David); Jehiel (founder of the levitical family of Jehieli); Jehiel (son of Hachmoni); Jehiel (Gershonite of 1 Chr.); Jehiel (Levite of 2 Chr.); Jehiel (Levite official of the time of Hezekiah); Jehiel (official of the time of Josiah); Jehiel (father of Obadiah); Jehiel (father of Shechasniah); Jehiel (priest of the family of Harim); Jehiel (Israelite of the family of Elam);
Jehoahaz – Jehoahaz (King of Judah son of Jehoram); Jehoahaz (King of Israel son of Jehu); Jehoahaz (17th King of Judah);
Jehohanan – Jehohanan (Korahite Levite gatekeeper of 1 Chr.); Jehohanan (Judahite commander in Jehoshaphat's army in 2 Chr.); Jehohanan (father of Ishmael); Jehohanan (owner of chamber to which Ezra retreated for fasting); Jehohanan (son of Bebai); Jehohanan (son of Tobiah the Ammonite); Jehohanan (head of a priestly house in Neh.); Jehohanan (priest at dedication of the walls in Neh.);
Jehoiada – Jehoiada (priest from Kabzeel); Jehoiada (son of Benaiah); Jehoiada (son of Eliashib); Jehoiada (priest replaced by Zephaniah);
Jehoiakim – Jehoiakim (son of Hilkiah);
Jehonathan – Jehonathan (Levite of 2 Chr.); Jehonathan (postexilic priest of Neh.);
Jehoram – Jehoram (priest of Judah);
Jehoshaphat – Jehoshaphat (son of Ahilud); Jehoshaphat (son of Paruah); Jehoshaphat (son of Nimshi);
Jehozabad – Jehozabad (servant of Joash of Judah); Jehozabad (son of Obed-edom); Jehozabad (Benjaminite commander of 2 Chr.);
Jehu – Jehu (prophet of the era of King Baasha of Israel); Jehu (son of Obed); Jehu (son of Joshibiah); Jehu (Benjaminite warrior of David at Ziklag);
Jeiel – Jeiel (clan chief of 1 Chr.); Jeiel (father of Gibeon); Jeiel (son of Hotham); Jeiel (Levite harpist of 1 Chr.); Jeiel (Asaphite Levite of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (secretary of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (chief of Levites of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (descendant of Nebo);
Jekamiah – Jekamiah (son of Shallum); Jekamiah (descendant of King Jeconiah);
Jephunneh – Jephunneh (father of Caleb); Jephunneh (son of Jether);
Jerahmeel – Jerahmeel (son of Kish); Jerahmeel (Judean officer under Jehoiakim);
Jeremiah – Jeremiah (man from Libnah); Jeremiah (clan head of 1 Chr.); Jeremiah (Benjaminite warrior that joined David at Ziklag); Jeremiah (two Gadite warriors who joined David at Ziklag); Jeremiah (priest who signed the covenant of Neh.); Jeremiah (priest returner of Neh.); Jeremiah (administrative official of Judah at Neh.); Jeremiah (prophet from Anathoth); Jeremiah (father of Jaazaniah);
Jeremoth – Jeremoth (of the sons of Becher); Jeremoth (son of Beriah); Jeremoth (son of Mushi); Jeremoth (son of Heman); Jeremoth (descendant of Elam); Jeremoth (descendant of Zattu); Jeremoth (descendant of Bani);
Jerimoth – Jerimoth (son of Bela); Jerimoth (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Jerimoth (family head of tribe of Levi of 1 Chr.); Jerimoth (temple musician and seer of time of David); Jerimoth (commander of Naphtali at time of David); Jerimoth (son of King David); Jerimoth (temple storeroom overseer of 2 Chr.);
Jeroham – Jeroham (father of Elkanah); Jeroham (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Ibneiah); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Adaiah); Jeroham (man from Gedor); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Azarel); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Azariah);
Jeshaiah – Jeshaiah (grandson of Zerubbabel); Jeshaiah (son of Jeduthun); Jeshaiah (son of Rehabiah); Jeshaiah (son of Athaliah); Jeshaiah (Meraite Levite of Ezra); Jeshaiah (forebear of Sallu);
Jeshimon – Jeshimon (desert region east of the Judean mountains and west of the Dead Sea); Jeshimon (desert region at northeastern end of the Dead Sea);
Jeshua – Jeshua (head of ninth division of Levitical priests of 1 Chr.); Jeshua (priest of the time of Hezekiah); Jeshua (son of Jehozadak); Jeshua (name of a nonpriestly clan of Pahathmoab); Jeshua (levitical house of returnees); Jeshua (alternate form of Joshua son of Nun); Jeshua (father of Jozabad); Jeshua (father of Ezer); Jeshua (Levitical singer of Neh.); Jeshua (son of Kadmiel);
Jesus – Jesus (father of Sirach); Jesus (alternate name of Joshua ben Sira); Jesus (surname of Paul's co-worker Justus);
Jether – Jether (son of Gideon); Jether (father of Amasa); Jether (son of Jada); Jether (son of Ezrah); Jether (Asherite of 1 Chr.);
Jeuel – Jeuel (head of a clan in 1 Chr.); Jeuel (of the sons of Elizaphan); Jeuel (son of Adonikam);
Jeush – Jeush (son of Esau); Jeush (son of Bilhan); Jeush (son of Eshek); Jeush (son of Shimei); Jeush (son of Rehoboam);
Jezeniah – Jezeniah (captain of Judah's army in Jer.); Jezeniah (son of Hoshaiah);
Jezreel (person) – Jezreel (Judahite descent group); Jezreel (son of Hosea);
Jezreel (place) – Jezreel (town in the hills of Judah); Jezreel (town on the southern border of Issachar);
Joah – Joah (son of Asaph); Joah (son of Zimmah); Joah (son of Obed-edom); Joah (father of Eden); Joah (son of Joahaz);
Joash – Joash (father of Gideon); Joash (son of Ahab); Joash (of the Judahite genealogy of 1 Chr.); Joash (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Joash (archer who joined David at Ziklag); Joash (overseer of David's stores of oil);
Jobab – Jobab (son of Joktan); Jobab (son of Zerah); Jobab (King of Madon defeated by Joshua); Jobab (son of Shaharaim); Jobab (son of Elpaal);
Joel – Joel (son of Samuel); Joel (prince of the tribe of Simeon); Joel (father of Shemaiah); Joel (chief of Gad); Joel (son of Azariah of Sam.); Joel (son of Izrahiah); Joel (brother of Nathan); Joel (cheif of the Gershomite Levites of the time of David); Joel (son of Ladan); Joel (son of Pedaiah); Joel (son of Azariah of 2 Chr.); Joel (son of Nebo); Joel (son of Zichri); Joel (prophet, son of Pethuel); Joel (archangel Joel);
Joha – Joha (son of Beriah); Joha (son of Shimri);
Johanan – Johanan (son of Kareah); Johanan (son of Josiah); Johanan (son of Elioenai); Johanan (son of Azariah); Johanan (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Johanan (Gadite who joined David at Ziklag); Johanan (Ephraimite chief, son of Azariah); Johanan (descendant of Azgad); Johanan (high priest of Neh.);
John – John (father of Matthias); John (son of Matthias); John (father of Eupolemus); John (John Hyrcanus I); John (John Hyrcanus II); John (envoy of 2 Mac.); John (John the Baptist); John (son of Zebedee); John (father of Peter); John (friend of Annas); John (John Mark, son of Mary); John (author of Revelation);
Joiada – Joiada (son of Paseah); Joiada (priest during the reign of Darius);
Joiarib – Joiarib (man of insight sent by Ezra); Joiarib (son of Zechariah); Joiarib (returning priest of Neh.);
Joktheel – Joktheel (town in the Shepelah); Joktheel (capital of Edomite territory);
Jonadab – Jonadab (son of Shimeah); Jonadab (son of Rechab);
Jonathan – Jonathan (son of Gershom); Jonathan (son of Abiathar); Jonathan (son of Shammah); Jonathan (son of Jada); Jonathan (son of Shimei); Jonathan (son of Uzziah); Jonathan (uncle of King David); Jonathan (father of Ebed); Jonathan (son of Asahel); Jonathan (son of Joiada); Jonathan (priest of Neh.); Jonathan (son of Shemaiah); Jonathan (secretary of Jer.); Jonathan (son of Kareah); Jonathan (son of Absalom); Jonathan (priest of 2 Macc.);
Joram – Joram (son of King Toi of Hamath); Joram (contracted form of Jehoram); Joram (Levite descended from Eliezer);
Joses – Joses (brother of Jesus); Joses (brother of James the younger);
Joses – Joses (brother of Jesus); Joses (brother of James the younger);
Joshua – Joshua (man of 1 Sam.); Joshua (governor of Jerusalem of 2 Kings); Joshua (high priest); Joshua (person in Luke's genealogy of Jesus);
Josiah – Josiah (son of Zephaniah);
Jotham – Jotham (son of Gideon); Jotham (son of Jahdai);
Jozabad – Jozabad (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Jozabad (two men who joined David at Ziklag); Jozabad (a temple overseer under Hezekiah); Jozabad (Levite who contributed to Josiah's Passover); Jozabad (son of the priestly family of Passhur); Jozabad (son of Jeshua the Levite); Jozabad (Levite of Ezra); Jozabad (Levite of Neh.);
Judah – Judah (son of Jacob); Judah (tribe of Judah); Judah (ancestor of a family in Ezra); Judah (Levite who had married a foreign woman); Judah (son of Hassenuah); Judah (returner from exile); Judah (leader of Judah in Neh.); Judah (priest and musician of Neh.); Judah (ancestor of Jesus);
Judas – Judas (son of Chalphi); Judas (son of Simon Maccabeus); Judas (writer to Aristobulus); Judas (brother of Jesus); Judas (disciple other than Iscariot, often identified with Thaddeus); Judas (Judas of Galilee); Judas (who hosted Paul after the Damascus incident); Judas (Judas Barsabbas);
Judith – Judith (wife of Esau); Judith (of the Book of Judith);
Justus – Justus (surname of Joseph Barsabbas); Justus (Titius or Titus Justus); Justus (Jesus Justus);
Kedesh – Kedesh (city in Upper Galilee); Kedesh (town on the southern border of Judah); Kedesh (Levitical city of Issachar); Kedesh (town in southern Naphtali);
Kemuel – Kemuel (son of Nahor); Kemuel (son of Shiphtan); Kemuel (father of Hasabiah);
Kenaz or
Kenizzite – Kenaz or Kennizite (brother of Caleb); Kenaz or Kennizite (son of Elah);
Kir – Kir (city in Moab); Kir (apparently a city in southern Mesopotamia);
Kiriathaim – Kiriathaim (town east of the Jordan); Kiriathaim (city in the territory of Naphtali);
Kish (person) – Kish (Benjaminite from Gibeah); Kish (son or descendant of Jeiel); Kish (Levite of the Merarite clan); Kish (son of Abdi); Kish (Benjaminite ancestor of Mordecai);
Kolaiah – Kolaiah (ancestor of Sallu); Kolaiah (father of Ahab);
Korah – Korah (son or grandson of Esau); Korah (son of Izhar); Korah (son of Hebron); Korah (descendant of the levitical Korah);
Kore – Kore (Levite of the line of Korah); Kore (son of Imnah);
L – L (material found only in the Gospel of Luke); L (symbol designating Codex Leningradensis B);
Ladan – Ladan (ancestor of Joshua); Ladan (of the lineage of Gershon);
Levi – Levi (ancestor of Jesus); Levi (disciple known as Matthew); Levi (father of Matthat);
Libnah – Libnah (place in the Sinai Peninsula mentioned in Num.);
Libni – Libni (son of Gershon); Libni (Levite descendant of Merari);
Lucius – Lucius of Cyrene; Lucius (relative of Paul); Lucius Caecilius Metullus;
Maacah (person) – Maacah (child of Nahor); Maacah (mother of Absalom); Maacah (father of Achish); Maacah (wife of Rehoboam); Maacah (concubine of Caleb); Maacah (sister or wife of Machir); Maacah (wife of Jehiel); Maacah (father of Hanun); Maacah (father of Shepatiah);
Maasheiah or
Asaiah – Maasheiah or Asaiah (Levite of the second order of 1 Chr.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (lute player of 1 Chr., maybe identical to previous); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Adaiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (officer under Hananiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (deputy or son of Ahaz of 2 Chr.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (governor of Jerusalem); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest of the family of Jeshua); Maasheiah or Asaiah (member of the priestly family of Harim); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest of the family of Pahhur); Maasheiah or Asaiah (member of the family of Pahath-moab); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Azariah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (person who stood at Ezra's right hand as he read the Torah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (Israelite who read the Torah in Hebrew); Maasheiah or Asaiah (a chief of the people and sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Baruch); Maasheiah or Asaiah (ancestor of Sallu); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest who played the trumpet in Neh.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest who took part in the dedication in Neh.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Zephaniah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Zedekiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Shallum);
Maaziah – Maaziah (founder of division of priests in 1 Chr.); Maaziah (priest who sealed the covenant in Neh.);
Machir – Machir (son of Ammiel);
Mahalalel or
Mahalaleel – Malalalel or Mahalaleel (son of Kenan); Malalalel or Mahalaleel (Judahite of the family of Perez);
Mahalath or
Basemoth – Mahalath or Basemoth (daughter of Ishmael); Mahalath or Basemoth (wife of Rehoboam);
Mahath – Mahath (son of Amasai of 1 Chr.); Mahath (son of Amasai of 2 Chr.);
Mahlah – Mahlah (daughter of Zelophebad); Mahlah (child of Hammolecheth);
Mahli – Mahli (son of Merari); Mahli (son of Mushi);
Malchiah – Malchiah (father of Pashur); Malchiah (member of Judah's royal family in Jer.);
Malchijah – Malchijah (Gershomite Levite of 1 Chr.); Malchijah (descendant of Aaron of 1 Chr.); Malchijah (descendant of Purosh in Ezra); Malchijah (descendant of Harim in Ezra); Malchijah (son of Harim in Neh.); Malchijah (ruler of Beth-hakkerem); Malchijah (goldsmith in Neh.); Malchijah (man who stood with Ezra when he read the Torah); Malchijah (priest and signer of Ezra's covenant); Malchijah (priest in the choir in Neh.);
Malluch – Malluch (ancestor of Ethan in 1 Chr.); Malluch (of the sons of Bani); Malluch (of the sons of Harim); Malluch (priest involved in the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Malluch (one of the chiefs of the people who signed the covenant of Neh.); Malluch (priest who returned with Zerubabbel);
Manasseh – Manasseh (son of Pahathmoab); Manasseh (son of Hashum); Manasseh (son of Addi); Manasseh (husband of Judith);
Mareshah (person) – Mareshah (son of Caleb); Mareshah (son of Laadah);
Massa – Massa (son of Ishmael); Massa (term in Proverbs);
Mattan – Mattan (priest of Baal); Mattan (father of Shephatiah);
Mattaniah – Mattaniah (last king of Judah); Mattaniah (of the sons of Heman); Mattaniah (ancestor of Jahaziel); Mattaniah (Levite of the time of Hezekiah); Mattaniah (of the clan of Elam); Mattaniah (of the clan of Zattu); Mattaniah (of the clan of Pahath-moab); Mattaniah (of the clan of Bani); Mattaniah (son of Mica or Micaiah); Mattaniah (grandfather of Hana ben Zaccur);
Mattathias – Mattathias (priest of the order of Jehoiarib); Mattathias (son of Absalom); Mattathias (son of Simon); Mattathias (envoy sent by Judas Maccabeus); Mattathias (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:25); Mattathias (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:26);
Mattenai – Mattenai (of the sons of Hashum); Mattenai (of the sons of Bani); Mattenai (of the priestly house of Joiarib);
Matthat – Matthat (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:24); Matthat (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:29);
Mattithiah – Mattithiah (son of Shallum); Mattithiah (Levitical gatekeeper in 1 Chr.); Mattithiah (son of Nebo); Mattithiah (Israelite who accompanied Ezra);
Mehetabel – Mehetabel (wife of Hadar); Mehetabel (ancestor of Shemaiah);
Meraioth or
Meremoth – Meraioth or Meremoth (Levite descendant of Aaron); Meraioth or Meremoth (son of Ahitub); Meraioth or Meremoth (priestly family headed by Helkai at the time of Joiakim);
Merari – Merari (father of Judith);
Meremoth – Meremoth (son of Uriah); Meremoth (of the sons of Bani); Meremoth (son of Uriah, grandson of Hakkoz); Meremoth (priest who returned from exile);
Mesha (person) – Mesha (son of Caleb); Mesha (son of Shaharaim);
Meshech – Meshech (son of Japheth); Meshech (son of Shem);
Meshillemoth or
Meshillemith – Meshillemoth or Meshillemith (father of Berechiah); Meshillemoth or Meshillemith (descendant of Immer);
Meshullam – Meshullam (grandfather of Shaphan); Meshullam (son of Zerubbabel); Meshullam (head of a Gadite clan in 1 Chr.); Meshullam (son of Elpaal); Meshullam (father of Sallu); Meshullam (son of Shephatiah); Meshullam (father of Hilkiah); Meshullam (father of Jahzerah); Meshullam (Kohathite appointed by Josiah in 2 Chr.); Meshullam ("leader" sent by Ezra); Meshullam (who opposed Ezra's policy of divorce); Meshullam (son of Bani); Meshullam (son of Berechiah); Meshullam (son of Besodeiah); Meshullam (who stood at Ezra's left hand during the reading of the Torah); Meshullam (priest who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Meshullam (chief of the people who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Meshullam (head of the priestly house of Ezra in Neh.); Meshullam (head of the priestly house of Ginnethon in Neh.); Meshullam (gatekeeper in Neh.); Meshullam (who was in the procession in Neh.);
Mibsam – Mibsam (son of Ishmael); Mibsam (son of Shallum);
Mica – Mica (son of Mephibosheth); Mica (father of Mattaniah); Mica (Levite in the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Mica (father of Mattaniah and ancestor of Uzzi);
Micah – Micah (man in Judg.); Micah (son of Shimei); Micah (son of Meribbaal); Micah (son of Uzziel); Micah (father of Abdon); Micah of Moresheth;
Micaiah or
Maacah or
Micah – Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (father of Achibor); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (wife of Rehoboam); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (official sent to teach Judah in 2 Chr.); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (ancestor of Zechariah); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (trumpeting priest in Neh.); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (son of Gemeriah);
Michael – Michael (father of Sethur); Michael (Gadite in 1 Chr.); Michael (ancestor of Abihail); Michael (Levite ancestor of Asaph); Michael (descendant of Uzzi); Michael (of the sons of Beraiah); Michael (who joined David at Ziklag); Michael (father of Omri); Michael (son of Jehoshaphat); Michael (father of Zebediah); Michael (archangel);
Migdol – Migdol (town on the route of the Exodus); Migdol (town in Egypt in Jer.); Migdol (place in north Egypt);
Mijamin – Mijamin (leader of the sixth division of priest at the time of David); Mijamin (divorcing Israelite in Ezra); Mijamin (priest at the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Mijamin (chief of priests returning from exile in Neh.);
Mikloth – Mikloth (father of Shimeah in 1 Chr.); Mikloth (chief officer under Dodai the Ahohite);
Milcah – Milcah (daughter of Haran); Milcah (daughter of Zelophehad);
Millo – House of the Millo; Beth-millo;
Miniamin – Miniamin (Levite of 2 Chr.); Miniamin (priestly house in Neh.); Miniamin (priest and musician in Neh.);
Miriam – Miriam (descendant of Ezrah in 1 Chr.);
Mishael – Mishael (son of Uzziel); Mishael (who stood at Ezra's left hand at the reading of the Torah);
Mishma – Mishma (son of Ishmael); Mishma (son of Mibsam);
Mithredath or
Mithridates – Mithredath or Mithridates (treasure of King Cyrus of Persia); Mithredath or Mithridates (Persian official who opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem);
Mizpah or
Mizpeh – Mizpah of Gilead; Mizpah or Mizpeh (land or valley of Mizpah); Mizpeh of Judah; Mizpeh of Moab;
Mordecai – Mordecai (returning Israelite);
Moreh – Moreh (terebinth or oak tree near Shechem); Moreh (hill in the Jezreel Valley);
Moriah – Moriah (land of Moriah); Mt. Moriah;
Mortar – Mortar (of pestle); Mortar (plastic building material);
Moza – Moza (son of Caleb); Moza (son of Zimri);
Naamah (person) – Naamah (daughter of Lamech); Naamah (wife of Solomon);
Naaman – Naaman (son of Benjamin); Naaman (son of Bela); Naaman (son of Ehud); Naaman (commander of the Aramean army in 2 Kgs.);
Nadab – Nadab (son of Aaron); Nadab (son of Jeroboam I); Nadab (son of Shammai); Nadab (son of Jeiel); Nadab (relative of Ahiqar);
Nahash – Nahash (sister of Zeruiah);
Nahath – Nahath (son of Reuel); Nahath (descendant of Levi); Nahath (assistant of Hezekiah);
Nahor (person) – Nahor (son of Serug); Nahor (son of Terah);
Nahum – Nahum (1 of the 12 minor prophets); Nahum (father of Amos);
Nathan – Nathan (father of Igal); Nathan (father of Azariah); Nathan (son of Attai); Nathan (sent by Ezra to Iddo);
Nathanael – Nathanael (ancestor of Judith); Nathanael (priest in 1 Esd.); Nathanael (Israelite in the Gospel of John);
Neariah – Neariah (son of Shemaiah); Neariah (son of Ishi);
Nebo (place) – Nebo (town allotted to Reuben); Nebo (town in western Palestine settled in postexilic period);
Nehemiah – Nehemiah (a leader of the return); Nehemiah (son of Hacaliah); Nehemiah (son of Azbuk);
Nekoda – Nekoda (head of returning family of temple servants); Nekoda (head of returning family unable to prove their Israelite ancestry);
Nemuel – Nemuel (brother of Dathan); Nemuel (ancestor of the Nemuelites);
Nepheg – Nepheg (son of Izhar); Nepheg (son of David);
Nethanel – Nethanel (son of Zuar); Nethanel (son of Jesse); Nethanel (one of seven trumpeting priests in 1 Chr.); Nethanel (father of Shemaiah); Nethanel (son of Obed-edom); Nethanel (officer of Jehoshapahat sent to Judah to teach); Nethanel (brother of Shemaiah); Nethanel (of the family of Pashhur); Nethanel (head of the family of Jedaiah); Nethanel (Levite singer at the dedication in Neh.);
Nethaniah – Nethaniah (father of Ishmael); Nethaniah (Levite of the line of Asaph in 1 Chr.); Nethaniah (Levite sent to Judah by Jehoshaphat); Nethaniah (father of Jehudi);
Nicanor – Nicanor (a commander sent by Lysius to Judah Maccabeus); Nicanor (one of seven overseers of food distribution in Acts);
Noadiah – Noadiah (son of Binnui); Noadiah (prophetess in Neh.);
Nobah (place) – Nobah (region in Gilead); Nobah (city in eastern Gilead);
Obadiah – Obadiah (steward of King Ahab's household)*; Obadiah (postexilic descendant of David); Obadiah (son of Izariah); Obadiah (son of Azel); Obadiah (Levite among the first returners to Jerusalem); Obadiah (Gadite who joined David at Ziklag); Obadiah (father of Ishmaiah); Obadiah (prince commissioned to teach in Judah); Obadiah (Merarite Levite of 2 Chr.); Obadiah (head of family of returners in Ezra); Obadiah (leader who sealed covenant of Neh.); Obadiah (gatekeeper in Neh.); Obadiah (Obadiah the prophet);
Obed – Obed (son of Ruth); Obed (son of Ephlal); Obed (one of David's mighty men); Obed (son of Shemaiah); Obed (father of Azariah); Obed (son of Jonathan);
Obed-edom – Obed-edom (Gidite whose house David put the Ark in); Obed-edom (son of Jeduthun); Obed-edom (son of Korah); Obed-edom (custodian of temple treasures in 2 Chr.);
Oded – Oded (father of Azariah); Oded (prophet of Samaria in 2 Chr.);
Oholibamah – Oholibamah (wife of Esau); Oholibamah (chief of an Edomite clan);
Omer – Omer (unit of dry measure); Omer (sheaf of grain);
Omri – Omri (son of Becher); Omri (Jerusalemite of 1 Chr.); Omri (Issacharite tribal leader of 1 Chr.);
Onam – Onam (Son of Shobal); Onam (son of Jerahmeel);
Onias – Onias I; Onias II; Onias III; Onias IV; Onias V;
Ophrah (place) – Ophrah (city in the tribal territory of Benjamin); Ophrah (Ophrah of Abiezer);
Ozem – Ozem (son of Jesse); Ozem (son of Jerahmeel);
Palti or
Paltiel – Palti or Paltiel (son of Raphu); Palti or Paltiel (son of Laish);
Parosh – Parosh (Israelite ancestor of returners); Parosh (chief who sealed the covenant of Neh.);
Paseah – Paseah (priest and son of Malchiah); Paseah (head of priestly family of returners); Paseah (postexilic priest who attached his name to the covenant of Neh.); Paseah (son of Immer); Paseah (son of Malchiah);
Pedaiah – Pedaiah (maternal grandfather of Jehoiakim); Pedaiah (son of Jeconiah); Pedaiah (father of Joel); Pedaiah (son of Parosh); Pedaiah (man who stood at Ezra's left hand at the reading of the Law); Pedaiah (Benjaminite in Jerusalem in Neh.); Pedaiah (Levite appointed to administer tithes);
Pelaiah – Pelaiah (son of Elioenai); Pelaiah (Levite who interpreted the Law in Neh.);
Pelatiah – Pelatiah (son of Hananiah); Pelatiah (son of Jahi); Pelatiah (signer of the covenant of Neh.); Pelatiah (son of Benaiah);
Pelet – Pelet (son of Jahdai); Pelet (son of Azmaveth);
Penuel – Penuel (son of Hur); Penuel (son of Shashak);
Pethahiah – Pethahiah (leader of the nineteenth priestly division at the time of David); Pethahiah (divorcing Levite of the time of Ezra); Pethahiah (Levite in the corporate confession of sins of Ezra); Pethahiah (son of Meshezabel);
Phinehas – Phinehas (son of Eleazar); Phinehas (son of Eli); Phinehas (father of a postexilic priest in Ezra);
Ptolemy – Ptolemy I Soter; Ptolemy II Philadelphus; Ptolemy III Euregetes I; Ptolemy IV Philopator; Ptolemy V Theos Epiphanes; Ptolemy VI Philometor; Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator; Ptolemy VIII Euregetes II; Ptolemy IX Soter II; Ptolemy X Alexander I; Ptolemy XI Alexander II; Ptolemy XII Neo Dionysys; Ptolemy XIII; Ptolemy XIV; Ptolemy XV Caesar; Ptolemy (son of Dositheus); Ptolemy (son of Abubus); Ptolemy Marcon;
Puah – Puah (midwife of Exodus); Puah (father of Tola); Puah (descendant of Issachar);
Raguel – Raguel (father of Sarah); Raguel (archangel);
Rahab – Rahab (mother of Salmon); Rahab (poetic name for Egypt);
Ram (person) – Ram (son of Hezron); Ram (son of Jerahmeel); Ram (ancestor of Elihu);
Ramah – Ramah (town allotted to Benjamin); Ramah (Ramah of the Negeb); Ramah (village near the border of Asher); Ramah (fortified city of Naphtali); Ramah (hometown of Samuel); Ramah (shortened form of name of Ramoth-gilead);
Ramoth – Ramoth (Ramoth in Gilead); Ramoth (Ramoth of the Negeb); Ramoth (levitical city in the tribal territory of Issachar);
Reaiah or
Haroeh – Reaiah or Haroeh (son of Shobal); Reaiah or Haroeh (son of Micah); Reaiah or Haroeh (temple servant, ancestor of returners);
Rechab – Rechab (son of Rimmon); Rechab (father of Jehonadab); Rechab (father of Malchijah);
Rehob (person) – Rehob (father of Hadadezer); Rehob (Levite who sealed the covenant of Neh.);
Rehob (place) – Rehob (place in extreme northern Canaan); Rehob (town allotted to Asher); Rehob (another town allotted to Asher); Rehob (principal city of the Beth-shean Valley);
Rehoboth – Rehoboth (well dug in Gesar in Genesis); Rehoboth ha-Nahar;
Rehum – Rehum (leader who accompanied Zerubbabel back to Judea); Rehum (Persian officer who wrote a letter to Xerxes); Rehum (son of Bani); Rehum (leader who signed a long petition in Neh.); Rehum (priest and Levite returner);
Rekem (person) – Rekem (one of five kings of Midian); Rekem (son of Hebron); Rekem (grandson of Machir);
Rephaiah or
Raphah – Rephaiah or Raphah (descendant of Zerubbabel); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Ishi); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Tola); Rephaiah or Raphah (descendant of Saul); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Hur);
Reu;
Reuel – Reuel (son of Keturah); Reuel (son of Esau); Reuel (father of Hobab); Reuel (father of Eliasaph); Reuel (son of Ibnijah);
Rezin – Rezin (family in Ezra);
Rimmon (place) – Rimmon (city of En-rimmon); Rimmon (levitical city assigned to the Merarites); Rimmon (outcropping of rocks to which Benjaminites fled in Judg.);
Rufus – Rufus (son of Simon the Cyrene); Rufus (greeted by Paul in Rom. 16:13);
Sachar – Sachar (father of Ahiham); Sachar (son of Obed-edom);
Sallai – Sallai (Benjaminite returner); Sallai (priestly family at the time of Joiakim);
Sallu – Sallu (Benjaminite in Jerusalem in 1 Chr.); Sallu (postexilic priestly family);
Salma – Salma (father of Boaz in 1 Chr. 2:11); Salma (son of Hur);
Salome – Salome (sister of Herod); Salome (daughter of Herod); Salome (follower of Jesus);
Sarah – Sara (daughter of Raguel);
Segub – Segub (son of Hezron); Segub (son of Hiel);
Seir (place) – Seir (plateau in Edom); Seir (mountain on the northern border of Judah);
Sela – Sela (site on the Amorite border); Sela (Edomite settlement conquered by Amaziah of Judah); Sela (place mentioned in Isa. 16:1); Sela (place named in Isa. 42:11);
Seraiah or
Azariah or
Shavsha or
Sheva or
Shisha - Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (royal secretary under David); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (chief priest of the temple in 587/586 BCE); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Tanhumeth); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Kenaz); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Asiel); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (returner from exile); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (a priest who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (postexilic priest in Neh. 11:11); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (one of the “chiefs of the priest” in Neh. 12:1); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (official of King Jehoiakim); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Neriah);
Shaaph – Shaaph (son of Jahdai); Shaaph (son of Maacah);
Shabbethai – Shabbethai (of Ezra 10:15); Shabbethai (of Neh. 8:7); Shabbethai (of Neh. 11:16);
Shallum or
Meshullam or
Shillem – Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (King who overthrew Zechariah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (husband of Huldah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (descendant of Judah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Josiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (descendant of Simeon); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Zadok); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Naphtali); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (returner and gatekeeper); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (father of Jehizkiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (divorcing levitical gatekeeper); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (of the sons of Bannui); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Hallohesh); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Col-hozeh); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (father of Maaseiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (uncle of Jeremiah);
Shalmaneser – Shalmaneser I; Shalmaneser II; Shalmaneser IV;
Shamir (place)* – Shamir (town of Judah); Shamir (town in Ephraim);
Shammah or
Shimea or
Shimeah or
Shimel or
Shammoth - Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (descendant of Esau); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (son of Jesse); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (of David's Mighty Men); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (Shammah of Harod);
Shammai – Shammai (son of Onam); Shammai (son of Rekem); Shammai (son of Mered);
Shammua or
Shemaiah or
Shimea – Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (son of Zaccur); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (son of David); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (father of Abda); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (head of family of Bilgah in Neh.);
Shaphan – Shaphan (son of Aziliah); Shaphan (father of Jaazaniah);
Shaphat – Shaphat (son of Hori); Shaphat (father of Elisha); Shaphat (son of Shemaiah); Shaphat (son of Abihail); Shaphat (son of Adlai);
Sharezer – Sharezer (son of Sennacherib); Sharezer (emissaries sent to Bethel in 518);
Shaul – Shaul (early Edomite king); Shaul (son of Simeon); Shaul (son of Uzziah);
Sheba (person) – Sheba (son of Raamah); Sheba (son of Joktan); Sheba (son of Jokshan); Sheba (son of Bichri); Sheba (descendant of Gad);
Sheba (place) – Sheba (town in Josh. 19:2-6); Sheba (country of Arabia);
Shebaniah – Shebaniah (trumpet blowing priest in 1 Chr.); Shebaniah (leader in praise and confession in Neh.); Shebaniah (postexilic priestly house led by Joseph at the time of Joiakim); Shebaniah (a Levite signer of the covenant in Neh.); Shebaniah (another Levite signer of the covenant in Neh.);
Shebuel or
Shubael – Shebuel or Shubael (Levite of the sons of Gershom); Shebuel or Shubael (son of Heman);
Shecaniah – Shecaniah (father of Shemaiah); Shecaniah (priest, head of the 10th division in 1 Chr.); Shecaniah (Levite under Hezekiah in 1 Chr.); Shecaniah (son of Jahaziel); Shecaniah (son of Jehiel); Shecaniah (father of Shmaiah, gatekeeper in Neh.); Shecaniah (son of Arah); Shecaniah (returning priest in Neh.);
Shechem (person) – Shechem (son of Hamor); Shechem (descendant of Manasseh); Shechem (son of Shemida);
Shelah – Shelah (son of Arpachshad or Arphaxad); Shelah (son of Judah the patriarch);
Shelemiah – Shelemiah (grandson of Asaph); Shelemiah (descandant of Bahi who married a foreign woman); Shelemiah (another descendant of Bani who married a foreign woman); Shelemiah (father of Hananiah); Shelemiah (priest Nehemiah put in charge of the temple storerooms); Shelemiah (son of Cushi); Shelemiah (man sent by Jehoiakim to arrest Baruch and Jeremiah); Shelemiah (father of Jehucal or Jucal); Shelemiah (son of Hananiah in Jer.);
Shelomith – Shelomith (daughter of Dibri); Shelomith (daughter of Zerubbabel); Shelomith (son of Shimei); Shelomith (son of Izhar); Shelomith (child of Rehabeam); Shelomith (son of Josiphiah);
Shelomoth - Shelomoth (son of Shimei); Shelomoth (son of Izhar); Shelomoth (sonof Zichri);
Shema (person) – Shema (son of Hebron); Shema (son of Joel); Shema (son of Elpaal); Shema (lay leader who stood at Ezra's right hand at the reading of the Law);
Shemaiah or
Shammua – Shemaiah or Shammua (Judean prophet after the death of Solomon); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Shechaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of the tribe of Reuben); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Hasshub); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Obadiah); Shemaiah or Shammua (descendant of Elizaphan); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Nethanel); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Obed-edom); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite sent by Jehoshaphat to teach in Judah); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Jeduthun); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite of the time of Hezekiah who helped distribute freewill offering and gifts in 2 Chr.); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of the Levites who helped contribute 5000 sheep and goats to an offering in 2 Chr.); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Adonikam); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of those who returned from exile); Shemaiah or Shammua (priest of the family of Harim in Ezra); Shemaiah or Shammua (Israelite from the family of Harim in Ezra); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Shecaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Delaiah); Shemaiah or Shammua (a priest who signed the binding agreement with Nehemiah and the leaders of the nation); Shemaiah or Shammua (leader of Judah who participated in the dedication of the walls in Neh.); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Mattaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite musician at the dedication of the walls in Neh.); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite who accompanied Nehemiah in the procession at the dedication of the walls); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Uriah); Shemaiah or Shammua (false prophet in Jer.); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Delaiah);
Shemariah – Shemariah (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Shemariah (son of Rehoboam); Shemariah (divorcing Israelite of the sons of Harim); Shemariah (divorcing son of Binnui);
Shemer or
Shomer – Shemer or Shomer (owner of a hill Omri purchased in 1 Kgs.); Shemer or Shomer (son of Mahli); Shemer or Shomer (Asherite in 1 Chr.);
Shemiramoth – Shemiramoth (harp player in 1 Chr.); Shemiramoth (Levite sent by Jehosphaphat to Judah);
Shemuel – Shemuel (representative of Simeon in the division of Canaan in Num.); Shemuel (son of Tola);
Shephatiah – Shephatiah (son of David); Shephatiah (anchestor of returning Benjaminite exiles); Shephatiah (Haruphite of the tribe of Benjamin in 1 Chr.); Shephatiah (son of Maacah); Shephatiah (son of Jehosphaphat); Shephatiah (ancestor of two groups of returning exiles); Shephatiah (servant of Solomon and ancestor of returners); Shephatiah (Judahite ancestor of Jerusalemites after the Exile); Shephatiah (prince of Judah in Jer.);
Sherebiah – Sherebiah (“man of discretion” in Ezra); Sherebiah (Levite interpreter of the Book in Ezra); Sherebiah (Levite who sealed the covenant in Neh.); Sherebiah (chief of returning Levites);
Sheth – Sheth (Hebrew spelling of Seth); Sheth (of the “sons of Sheth”);
Sheva or
Seraiah or
Shavsha or
Shisha – Sheva or Seraiah or Shavsha or Shisha (David's secretary); Sheva or Seraiah or Shavsha or Shisha (son of Caleb);
Shilonite – Shilonite (designation of the prophet Ahijah); Shilonite (gentilic designating a family of returnees);
Shimea or
Shammah or
Shammua or
Shimeah or
Shimei - Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (son of Jesse); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (son of David); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (Levite of the house of Merari); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (father of Berechiah);
Shimeah or
Shimea or
Shimeam – Shimeah or Shimea or Shimeam (son of Jesse); Shimeah or Shimea or Shimeam (son of Mikloth);
Shimei – Shimei (son of Gershon); Shimei (son of Gera); Shimei (son of Jesse); Shimei (leader of David's time who did not support the usurpation of Adonijah in 1 Kgs.); Shimei (son of Ella); Shimei (brother of Zerubbabel); Shimei (descendant of Mishma); Shimei (son of Gog); Shimei (Levite descendant of Merari); Shimei (son of Jahath); Shimei (Benjaminite in 1 Chr., probably an error for Shema); Shimei (one of six sons of Jeduthun); Shimei (Ramathite appointed by David over the royal vineyards); Shimei (Levite descendant of Heman); Shimei (brother of Conaniah); Shimei (Levite who sent away his non-Israelite wife and children in Ezra); Shimei (descendant of Hashum); Shimei (descendant of Binnui); Shimei (descendant of Kish);
Shimri – Shimri (son of Shemaiah); Shimri (father of Jediael); Shimri (son of Hosah); Shimri (descendant of Elizaphan);
Shobab – Shobab (son of Caleb); Shobab (son of David);
Shobal – Shobal (son of Seir); Shobal (son of Hur);
Shomer or
Shemer or
Shimruth – Shomer or Shemer or Shimruth (mother of Jehozabad); Shomer or Shemer or Shimruth (of the sons of Heber);
Shua – Shua (father of Judah's Canaanite wife); Shua (daughter of Heber);
Shuppim – Shuppim (son of Ir); Shuppim (levitical gatekeeper in 1 Chr.);
Shuthelah – Shutehelah (son of Ephraim); Shutehelah (son of Zabad);
Simeon – Simeon (great-grandfather of Judas Maccabeus); Simeon (Simon Maccabeus); Simeon (ancestor of Jesus); Simeon (a prophet and teacher of the church at Antioch); Simeon (Hebrew equivalent of Simon);
Simon – Simon (high priest Simon the Just); Simon (Simon II, high priest); Simon (Simon the Benjaminite); Simon (Simon Thassi); Simon (Simon Chosamaeus); Simon (Simon Peter); Simon (Simon the Zealot); Simon (Simon, half brother of Jesus); Simon (Simon the Leper); Simon (father of Judas Iscariot); Simon (Simon of Cyrene); Simon (Simon the Pharisee in Luke); Simon (Simon Magus); Simon (Simon the Tanner in Acts); Simon (Simon bar Kosiba);
Sin (place) – Sin (wilderness area between Elim and Mt. Sinai); Sin (Egyptian border fortress);
Sosipater – Sosipater (captain under Judas Maccabeus); Sosipater (Jewish Christian in Rom.);
Sothenes – Sothenes (ruler of a synagogue in Corinth in Acts); Sothenes (called by Paul “our brother” in 1 Cor.);
Succoth – Succoth (first encampment of the Israelites on leaving Egypt); Succoth (place on the east side of the Jordan Valley);
Susanna – Susanna (of the apocryphal work of that name); Susanna (woman who supported the work of Jesus in Luke);
Symeon – Symeon (prophet and teacher of the church of Antioch in Acts); Symeon (another name for Simon Peter);
Tahath (person) – Tahath (ancestor of Samuel); Tahath (son of Bered); Tahath (son of Eleadah);
Talmai – Talmai (one of the Anakim); Talmai (king of Geshur);
Tappuah – Tappuah (town in the northern Shephelah); Tappuah (town, also called En-tappuah, on the northern border of Ephraim); Tappuah (town in the territory of Tizrah);
Tarshish (person) – Tarshish (descendant of Javan in the Table of Nations); Tarshish (son of Bilhan);
Thutmose – Thutmose I; Thutmose II; Thutmose III; Thutmose IV;
Timna – Timna (concubine of Eliphaz); Timna (chief of Edom); Timna (son of Eliphaz);
Tiphsah – Tiphsah (city on the western shore of the Euphrates); Tiphsah (site of a brutal slaughter by King Menahem in 2 Kgs.);
Tobiah - Tobiah (head of a family of returners); Tobiah (an opposer of Nehemiah's journey to Jerusalem);
Tobias – Tobias (son of Tobit); Tobias (landowner of the Maccabean period);
Tobijah – Tobijah (Levite sent by Jehosphaphat to Judea); Tobijah (descendant of Tobiah unable to authenticate his Israelite origin); Tobijah (repatriate from whom Zechariah was to collect gold and silver);
Tola – Tola (son of Issachar); Tola (son of Puah);
Ulam – Ulam (son of Sheresh); Ulam (son of Eshek);
Unni – Unni (levitical musician of 1 Chr.); Unni (returning Levite);
Uri – Uri (father of Bezalel); Uri (father of Geber); Uri (poxtexilic gatekeeper of Ezra);
Uriah – Uriah (high priest under Ahaz); Uriah (prophet of the time of Jeremiah); Uriah (father of Meremoth); Uriah (who stood with Ezra at the reading of the Law);
Uriel – Uriel (chief of the Kohathite Levites in 1 Chr.); Uriel (resident of Gibeah in 2 Chr.); Uriel (archangel);
Uthai – Uthai (son of Ammihud); Uthai (returning head of the family of Bigvai);
Uz (person) – Uz (son of Aram); Uz (son of Milcah); Uz (son or descendant of Dishan);
Uzza (person) – Uzza (son of Gera); Uzza (ancestor of returning temple servants);
Uzzah – Uzzah (son of Abinadab); Uzzah (Levite of the family of Merari);
Uzzi – Uzzi (son of Bukki); Uzzi (son of Tola); Uzzi (son of Bela); Uzzi (father of Elah); Uzzi (son of Bani); Uzzi (head of Jedaiah's priestly lineage at the time of Joiakim); Uzzi (priest involved in the dedication of the walls in Neh.);
Uzziah – Uzziah (levitical priest in 1 Chr.); Uzziah (father of Jonathan); Uzziah (returning levitical priest, descendant of Harim); Uzziah (one of the 468 inhabitants of Perez who moved to Jerusalem); Uzziah (chief elder in the city of Bethulia);
Uzziel – Uzziel (son of Kohath); Uzziel (son of Ishi); Uzziel (son of Bela); Uzziel (son of Heman); Uzziel (son of Jeduthun); Uzziel (son of Harhaiah);
Zabad or
Jozacar – Zabad or Jozacar (son of Nathan); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Tahath); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Ahlai); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Shimeath the Ammonite); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Zattu); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Hattum); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Nebo);
Zabbai – Zabbai (Israelite who had taken a foreign wife in Ezra); Zabbai (father of Baruch);
Zabdi or
Zichri or
Zimri – Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (ancestor of Achan); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (son of Shimei); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (Sphiphmite steward of David's wine cellar); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (son of Asaph);
Zabdiel – Zabdiel (father of Jashobeam); Zabdiel (son of Heggedolim); Zabdiel (Arab who decapitated Alexander Balas);
Zaccur – Zaccur (father of Shammua); Zaccur (son of Hammuel); Zaccur (Levite of the Merarite line); Zaccur (son of Asaph); Zaccur (descendant of Bigvai); Zaccur (son of Imri); Zaccur (Levite who placed a seal on the new covenant of Neh.); Zaccur (father of Hanan);
Zadok – Zadok (father of Jerusha); Zadok (son of Baana); Zadok (son of Immer); Zadok (a “leader of the people” who placed a seal on the covenant in Neh.); Zadok (scribe appointed by Nehemiah as a treasurer); Zadok (father of Achim);
Zalmon (place) – Zalmon (mountain in the vicinity of Shechem); Zalmon (mountain mentioned in Ps. 68:14);
Zebediah – Zebediah (son of Beriah); Zebediah (son of Elpaal); Zebediah (son of Jeroham); Zebediah (son of Meshelemiah); Zebediah (son of Asahel); Zebediah (Levite sent by Jehoshaphat to Judah); Zebediah (son of Ishmael); Zebediah (son of Michael); Zebediah (descendant of the family of Immer);
Zeboim – Zeboim (valley in Benjamin); Zeboim (town occupied by the Benjaminites);
Zechariah – Zechariah (son of Jeroboam II); Zechariah (father of Abi); Zechariah (head of a family of Reubenites); Zechariah (gatekeeper of the time of David); Zechariah (brother of Ner); Zechariah (musician of the time of David); Zechariah (priestly trumpeter of 1 Chr.); Zechariah (son of Isshiah); Zechariah (son of Hosah the Merarite); Zechariah (father of Iddo); Zechariah (official of Jehoshaphat sent to teach in Judah); Zechariah (father of Jahaziel); Zechariah (son of Jehoshaphat); Zechariah (son of Jehoiada); Zechariah (instructor of Uzziah in 2 Chr.); Zechariah (levitical descendant of Asaph of 2 Chr.); Zechariah (levitical descendant of Kohath of 2 Chr.); Zechariah (priest who contributed animals for sacrifice in 2 Chr./1 Esdr.); Zechariah (head of the family of Parosh); Zechariah (head of the family of Bebai); Zechariah (leader of the Jewish exiles in Ezra); Zechariah (Judean who married a foreign wife in Ezra); Zechariah (leader who stood on the platform with Ezra during the reading of the Law); Zechariah (descendant of Perez); Zechariah (ancestor of Maaseiah); Zechariah (ancestor of Adaiah); Zechariah (priestly trumpeter in Neh.); Zechariah (son of Jeberechiah); Zechariah (prophet of the Book of Zechariah); Zechariah (father of Joseph); Zechariah (alternate name for Heman in 1 Esdr.); Zechariah (father of John the Baptist);
Zedekiah – Zedekiah (false prophet at the court of Ahab); Zedekiah (son of Josiah); Zedekiah (signer of the covenant of Neh.); Zedekiah (prophet Jeremiah accused of immoral conduct); Zedekiah (son of Hananiah); Zedekiah (ancestor of Baruch);
Zemaraim – Zemaraim (town in the tribal territory of Benjamin); Zemaraim (mountain in the hill country of Ephraim);
Zephaniah – Zephaniah (Kohathite Levite ancestor of Heman); Zephaniah (son of Cushi); Zephaniah (son of Maaseiah); Zephaniah (father of Josiah);
Zerah or
Zohar – Zerah or Zohar (son of Reuel); Zerah or Zohar (father of Jobab); Zerah or Zohar (son of Judah); Zerah or Zohar (son of Simeon); Zerah or Zohar (Levite descendant of Gershom in 1 Chr.); Zerah or Zohar (Kohathite Levite of 1 Chr.);
Zerahiah – Zerahiah (son of Uzzi); Zerahiah (man of the lineage of Pahath-moab);
Zeredah – Zeredah (place of residence of Jeroboam); Zeredah (place in the Jordan Valley);
Zibeon – Zibeon (father of Anah); Zibeon (son of Seir);
Zichri or
Zabdi – Zichri or Zabdi (son of Izhar); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Shimei); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Shashak); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Jeroham); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Asaph); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Shelomith); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Eliezer); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Amasiah); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Elishaphat); Zichri or Zabdi (warrior and Ephraimite of 2 Chr.); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Joel); Zichri or Zabdi (head of the priestly family of Abijah at the time of Joiakim);
Ziha – Ziha (head of a line of returning temple servants); Ziha (overseer of postexilic temple servants);
Zillethai – Zillethai (son of Shimei); Zillethai (Manassite leader who deserted David at Ziklag);
Zimri (person) – Zimri (son of Salu); Zimri (King of Israel); Zimri (son of Zerah); Zimri (father of Moza);
Ziph (person) – Ziph (descendant of Caleb); Ziph (son of Jehallel);
Ziph (place) – Ziph (town in the hill country of Judah); Ziph (town in the southern Negeb);
Ziza – Ziza (son of Shiphi); Ziza (son of Rehoboam);
Zohar – Zohar (father of Ephron the Hittite); Zohar (alternate name for Simeon's son Zerah); Zohar (alternate reading of Izhar son of Helah);
Zur – Zur (a king of Midian in Num.); Zur (son of Jeiel);
Aaron – High Priest (Exodus-Numbers and Chronicles)*; Elsewhere in the Old Testament*; Negative and Nonpriestly Portrayals*; New T[stament*; Character: A Summary*;
Abda – Abda (father of Adoniram); Abda (son of Shammua);
Abdi – Abdi (grandfather of Ethan); Abdi (father of the Levite Kish); Abdi (divorcing Israelite of the time of Ezra);
Abdon (person) – Abdon (son of Hillel); Abdon (son of Shashak); Abdon (son of Jeiel); Abdon (son of Micah);
Abiel – Abiel (father of Kish); Abiel (Arbathite warrior);
Abiezer – Abiezer (descendant of Manasseh); Abiezer (of David's Champions);
Abigail – Abigail (wife of Nabal); Abigail (sister of David);
Abihail – Abihail (father of Zuriel); Abihail (wife of Abishur); Abihail (man of the tribe of Gad); Abihail (daughter of Eliab); Abihail (father of Esther);
Abijah – Abijah (son of Samuel); Abijah (son of Jeroboam I); Abijah (King of Judah); Abijah (head of the eighth division of priests); Abijah (wife of Hezron); Abijah (son of Becher); Abijah (priest who signed the covenant of Nehemiah); Abijah (head of a priestly group); Abijah (name on ostracons);
Abimelech – Abimelech (king of Gerar); Abimelech (son of Gideon); Abimelech (Ruler David escaped); Abimelech (son of Abiathar);
Abinadab – Abinadab (father of Eleazer); Abinadab (son of Jesse); Abinadab (son of Saul);
Abiram – Abiram (son of Eliab); Abiram (son of Hiel);
Abishua – Abishua (son of Phinehas); Abishua (son of Bela);
Absalom – Absalom (son of David); Absalom (messenger of Judas Maccabeus);
[[[Achbor]] – Achbor (father of Baal-hanan); Achbor (son of Micaiah);
Achzib – Achzib (town in the Shephelah); Achzib (city 9 miles north of Acco);
Adah – Adah (wife of Lamech); Adah (wife of Esau);
Adaiah – Adaiah (man from Boskath); Adaiah (Levite of the family of Gershom); Adaiah (son of Jeroham); Adaiah (descendants of Bani and Binnui); Adaiah (son of Joiarib); Adaiah (father of Maaseiah);
Addi – Addi (leader of returning clan of Israelites); Addi (ancestor of Jesus);
Adiel – Adiel (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Adiel (son of Jahzerah); Adiel (father of Azmaveth);
Adna – Adna (son of Pahath-moah); Adna (priest of the family of Harim);
Adnah – Adnah ("chief of thousands"); Adnah (officer under Jehoshaphat);
Adonijah – Adonijah (son of David); Adonijah (Levite of 2 Chr.); Adonijah (signer of the covenant of Nehemiah);
Adoption – Adoption Formulas*; Adoption and adoption imagery**;
Afterlife or
Afterdeath – Abode of the Dead*; Inhabitants of the Netherworld**; Transformations in Late Israelite Traditions**; Summary**; Conclusion*;
Ahab – Ahab (king of Israel); Ahab (son of Kolaiah);
Ahasuerus – Ahasuerus (possible Biblical name of Xerxes I); Ahasuerus (Ahasuerus the Mede); Ahasuerus (a destroyer of Ninezeh in Tobit);
Ahaz – Ahaz (King of Judah); Ahaz (descendant of Saul);
Ahaziah – Ahaziah (King of Judah); Ahaziah (son of Ahab);
Ahiezer – Ahiezer (son of Ammishaddai); Ahiezer (kinsman of Saul);
Ahihud – Ahihud (son of Shelomi); Ahihud (descendant of Ehud);
Ahijah – Ahijah (son of Ahitub); Ahijah (prophet from Shiloh); Ahijah (son of Shisha); Ahijah (father of Baasha); Ahijah (son of Jerahmeel); Ahijah (son of Ehud); Ahijah (Pelonite); Ahijah (Levite under David);
Ahimaaz – Ahimaaz (father of Ahinoam); Ahimaaz (son of Zadok); Ahimaaz (one of Solomon's commissary officers);
Ahiman – Ahiman (descendant of Anak); Ahiman (Levite of 1 Chr.);
Ahimelech – Ahimelech (son of Ahitub); Ahimelech (friend of David); Ahimelech (son of Abiathar);
Ahinoam – Ahinoam (daugher of Ahimaaz); Ahinoam (wife of David);
Ahio – Ahio (son of Abinadab); Ahio (son of Beriah); Ahio (brother of Kish);
Ahitub – Ahitub (son of Phinehas); Ahitub (son of Amariah); Ahitub (son of another Amariah); Ahitub (ancestor of Judith);
Ahlai – Ahlai (daughter of Sheshan); Ahlai (father of Zabad);
Aiah – Aiah (son of Zibeon); Aiah (father of Rizpah);
Aijalon – Aijalon (levitical city); Aijalon (burial place of Elon);
Ain – Ain (town in Numbers); Ain (city in Judah); Ain (city given to the descendants of Joshua);
Akkub – Akkub (son of Elioenai); Akkub (head of levitical family of gatekeepers); Akkub (chief of a family of temple servants); Akkub (Levite in Neh.);
Alemeth (person) – Alemeth (son of Becher); Alemeth (descendant of Saul);
Alexander – Alexander III of Macedon**; Alexander Balas of Smyrna*; Alexander Janneus*; Alexander (son of Simon of Cyrene); Alexander (priest who questioned Peter and John after their arrest); Alexander (Jew of Ephesus); Alexander (of 1 Tim.); Alexander (coppersmith of 2 Tim.);
Alexandra – Alexandra Salome*; Alexandra (daughter of Hyrcanus II)*; Alexandra (daughter of Aristobulus); Alexandra (daughter of Phasael);
Alphaeus – Alphaeus (father of James); Alphaeus (father of Levi);
Amariah – Amariah (son of Hebron); Amariah (priest descended from Eleazar); Amariah (son of Azariah); Amariah (high priest at the time of Jehoshaphat); Amariah (levitical priest of time of Hezekiah of Judah); Amariah (son of Hezekiah); Amariah (priest and son of Azariah); Amariah (man of the family of Azzur); Amariah ("son of Amariah" in Neh.); Amariah (name on seals);
Amasa – Amasa (kinsman of David); Amasa (son of Hadlai);
Amasai – Amasai (son of Elkanah); Amasai (Chief of David' Thirty); Amasai (priest of 1 Chr.); Amasai (father of Mahath);
Amaziah – Amaziah (father of Joshah); Amaziah (Levite of the family of Merair); Amaziah (priest of era of Jeroboam II); Amaziah (King of Judah)**;
Ammiel – Ammiel (son of Gemalli); Ammiel (father of Machir); Ammiel (father of Bathsheba); Ammiel (son of Obed-edom);
Ammihud – Ammihud (father of Elishama); Ammihud (father of Shemuel); Ammihud (father of Pedahel); Ammihud (father of King Talmai); Ammihud (returning exile of 1 Chr.);
Aminadab – Aminadab (son of Ram); Aminadab (son of Kohath); Aminadab (chief of levitical family of Uzziel); Aminadab (father of Esther); Aminadab (King of Beth-ammon);
Amnon – Amnon (son of David); Amnon (son of Shimon);
Amon (person) – Amon (King, son of Manasseh)*; Amon (official of Samaria); Amon (returner from exile);
Amos, Book of or
Book of Amos – Amos the Prophet*; Historical Setting*; Contents**; Composition*;
Amram – Amram (grandson of Levi); Amram (son of Bani);
Amzi – Amzi (son of Bani); Amzi (son of Zechariah);
Antipas – Antipas (Herod Antipas); Antipas (martyr of Pergamum);
Antipater – Antipater (son of Jason); Antipater (Idumean noble); Antipater (son of Herod);
Aphek – Aphek (Ras el-'Ayin)**; Aphek (Afqā); Aphek (town of the tribe of Asher); Aphek (town in the Golan);
Apollonius – Apollonius (son of Tharseas); Apollonius (son of Menetheus); Apollonius (general under Antiochus IV Epiphanius); Apollonius (son of Gennaeus); Apollonius (governor of Coele-Syria);
Aquila – Aquila (husband of Priscilla); Aquila (2nd century translator);
Arah – Arah (son of Ulla); Arad (ancestor of returners);
Aram (person) – Aram (son of Shem); Aram (son of Kemuel); Aram (son of Shemer); Aram (ancestor of Jesus);
Aram (place) – Paddam-aram*; Aram-naharaim*; Aram-zobah*; Aram-Damascus*; Aram-maacah and Geshur*;
Aramaic – Old Aramaic*; Official Aramaic*; Middle Aramaic*; Late Aramaic*; Modern Aramaic*;
Archaeology and the Bible – Geographic Setting*; Biblical Archaeology**; Foundations: Politics, Prestige, and Power**; Beginning of Scientific Exploration*; Early National Agendas**; Honing Excavation Materials*; The Rise of Biblical City Excavations*; A Permanent American Presence*; Lawrence and Musil*; Orientalist Tradition Par Excellence**; Rise of "Biblical Archaeology"**; Towards a Secular Archaeology*; Emergence of Israeli Archaeology**; Revisionist Scholarship*; Recent Developments**;
Architecture – Materials and Construction**; General Survey***;
Architecture – General Survey – Fortifications**; Domestic Buildings*; Cultic Buildings**; Administrative Buildings**; Later Developments*;
Arioch – Arioch (king of Ellasar); Arioch (captain of Nebuchadnezzar's bodyguards); Arioch (King of the Chaldeans);
Aristobulus – Aristobulus I; Aristobulus II; Aristobulus (mentioned in Romans);
Army – Semi-nomadic Origins*; Peasant's Militia*; Professional Heavy Infantry**; Classic Ancient Near Eastern Chariot Army*;
Aroer – Aroer (Aroer on the Arnon); Aroer (town in Gilead); Aroer (town near Damascus); Aroer (settlement west of Jordan);
Arphaxad – Arphaxad (king of the Medes); Arphaxad (ancestor of Jesus);
Artaxerxes – Artaxerxes I Longimanus; Artaxerxes II Mnemon;
Asa – Asa (grandson of Rehoboam)**; Asa (father of Berechiah);
Asahel – Asahel (son of Zeruiah); Asahel (Levite sent into Judah in 2 Chr.); Asahel (Levite who collected tithes); Asahel (father of Jonathan); Asahel (son of Ezora);
Asaiah – Asaiah (servant sent to Huldah); Asaiah (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Asaiah (head of a Merarite levitical family); Asaiah (firstborn of the Shilonites returning from exile);
Asaph – Asaph (father of Joah); Asaph (son of Berechiah the Levite)*; Asaph ("sons of Asaph"); Asaph (Keeper of Artaxerxes' park);
Ascension – Extrabiblical Literature**; Jesus**; Other Ascensions in the New Testament*;
Asher – Asher (Akkadian god); Asher (son of Jacob); Asher (tribal territory in Galilee)**;
Asiel – Asiel (father of Seraiah); Asiel (ancestor of Tobit); Asiel (scribe of Ezra);
Asshur (place) – Asshur (Assur of Assyria); Asshur (alternate name for Assyria);
Assir – Assir (son of Korah); Assir (son of Ebiasaph);
Ataroth – Ataroth (town in Transjordan); Ataroth (town in Josh 16:2); Ataroth (town in Josh 16:7); Ataroth (place in 1 Chr 2:54);
Ater – Ater (ancestor of returning family); Ater (Levite leader of a family of gatekeepers); Ater (Israelite covenant sealer in Neh.);
Athaliah – Athaliah (Queen of Judah)**; Athaliah (son of Jeroham); Athaliah (father of Jeshaiah);
Attai – Attai (son of Jarha); Attai (Gadite warrior at Ziklag); Attai (son of Rehoboam);
Aven – Aven (abbreviation of Beth-aven); Aven (derisive epithet for an Armenean valley); Aven (city possibly Heliopolis);
Avvim – Avvim (inhabitants of the Philistine Plain); Avvim (city of the tribe of Benjamin);
Azarel – Azarel (Korahite at Ziklag); Azarel (levitical singer of time of David); Azarel (son of Jeroham); Azarel (descendant of Binnui); Azarel (son of Ahzai); Azarel (priest of Neh.);
Azariah – Azariah (son of Zadok); Azariah (son of Nathan); Azariah (given name of King Uzziah); Azariah (great-grandson of Judah); Azariah (descendant of Judah); Azariah (descendant of Aaron); Azariah (priest in Solomon's temple); Azariah (father of Hilkiah); Azariah (of the Kohathite division of Levites); Azariah (priest of 1 Chr.); Azariah (son of Oded); Azariah (two sons of Jehoshaphat); Azariah (son of Jeroham and son of Oded, military officers); Azariah (priest of 2 Chr.); Azariah (murdered Ephraimite); Azariah (two men, father of Joel and son of Jehallel, who helped clean the temple); Azariah (chief priest under Hezekiah); Azariah (grandfather of Ezra); Azariah (father of Amariah); Azariah (wall repairer of Neh.); Azariah (one of the leaders of the exile returners); Azariah (interpreter of Ezra); Azariah (emigrant to Egypt in Jer.); Azariah (Hebrew name of Abednego);
Azaziah – Azaziah (Levite who played the lyre); Azaziah (father of Hoshea); Azaziah (overseer of the temple in 2 Chr.);
Azvameth (person) – Azvameth (one of David's Champions); Azvameth (Benjaminite of Ziklag); Azvameth (treasurer at the palace of David); Azvameth (son of Jehoaddah);
Azriel – Azriel (of the tribe of Manasseh); Azriel (father of Jerimoth); Azriel (father of Seraiah);
Azrikam – Azrikam (son of Neariah); Azrikam (son of Azel); Azrikam (son of Hashabiah); Azrikam (murdered by Zichri);
Azubah – Azubah (daughter of Shilhi); Azubah (wife of Caleb);
Azzur – Azzur (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Azzur (father of Hananiah); Azzur (father of Jaazaniah);
B
Baal (person) – Baal (descendant of Joel); Baal (son of Jeiel);
Baalah – Baalah (Kiriath-jearaim); Baalah (mountain on the border of Judah); Baalah (city of southern[[ Judah);
Baal-hanan – Baal-hanan (son of Achbor); Baal-hanan (Overseer of olives under David);
Baana – Baana (son of Ahilud); Baana (son of Hushai); Baana (father of Zadok);
Baanah – Baanah (son of Rimmon); Baanah (father of Heleb); Baanah (leader of exile returners);
Babylonia – Geography*; Prehistoric Settlements*; Third Millennium: Beginning of History**; Age of Hammurabi; Coming of the Indo-Europeans**; First Millennium**;
Bani – Bani (Gadite member of David's Thirty); Bani (Levite of the line of Ethan of the time of David); Bani (son of Perez); Bani (family of 642 returners); Bani (father of Rehum); Bani (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah);
Barsabbas – Barsabbas (surname of Joseph); Barsabbas (surname of Judas);
Baruch – Baruch (son of Zabbai); Baruch (ratifier of the covenant of Nehemiah); Baruch (son of Colhozeh); Baruch (companion of Jeremiah)**;
Barzillai – Barzillai (Gileadite of Rogelim); Barzillai (father of Adriel); Barzillai (husband of the daughter of Barzillai the Gileadite);
Basemath – Basemath (wife of Esau); Basemath (daughter of Solomon);
Bath-shua – Bath-shua (wife of Judah); Bath-shua (alternate form of Bathsheba);
Bealoth – Bealoth (city of Judah); Bealoth (place in Asher);
Bebai – Bebai (ancestor of returners); Bebai (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah);
Beer – Beer (well in Transjordan)*; Beer (place to which Jotham fled);
Beeri – Beeri (father of Judith); Beeri (father of Hosea);
Bela (person) – Bela (son of Boer); Bela (son of Benjamin); Bela (son of Azaz);
Benaiah – Benaiah (son of Jehoiada); Benaiah (one of David's Thirty); Benaiah (Simeonite chief in 1 Chr.); Benaiah (Levite musician of David); Benaiah (trumpet blower of the ark of David); Benaiah (priest of 2 Chr.); Benaiah (four divorcing Israelites of the time of Ezra); Benaiah (father of Pelatiah);
Benjamin – Benjamin (son of Jacob)**; Benjamin (son of Bilhan);
Beor – Beor (father of Bela); Beor (father of Balaam);
Berechiah – Berechiah (son of Zerubbabel); Berechiah (father of Asaph); Berechiah (son of Asa); Berechiah (gatekeeper of the ark under David); Berechiah (son of Meshillemoth); Berechiah (son of Meshezabel); Berechiah (son of Iddo);
Beriah or
Beriites – Beriah or Beriites (son of Asher); Beriah or Beriites (son of Ephraim); Beriah or Beriites (son of Elpaal); Beriah or Beriites (son of Shimei);
Beroea – Beroea (Macedonian city); Beroea (Hellenistic name of Aleppo);
Bethany – Bethany (home of Lazarus)**; Bethany (“Bethany beyond the Jordan” where John the Baptist baptized);
Beth-dagon – Beth-dagon (town of Judah); Beth-dagon (town of Asher);
Bethel (place) – Bethel (city 12 miles north of Jerusalem)**; Bethel (town in the Negeb of Judah);
Bethlehem – Bethlehem (Bethlehem of Judah)**; Bethlehem (town of Zebulon);
Beth-shemesh – Beth-shemesh (city of Dan)**; Beth-shemesh (village South of the Sea of Galilee); Beth-shemesh (settlement of Naphtali); Beth-shemesh (alternate name for Egyptian On);
Beyond the river – Beyond the river (area east of the Euphrates); Beyond the river (area west of the Euphrates)*; Beyond the river (district of Haran);
Bezalel – Bezalel (Judahite descendant of Caleb); Bezalel (returner from exile);
Bezek – Bezek (town of Judges); Bezek (town of 1 Sam.);
Bigvai – Bigvai (returner from Exile); Bigvai (family group returning from exile);
Bilgah – Bilgah (head of priestly family at time of David); Bilgah (leader of family of returning priests);
Bilhan – Bilhan (son of Ezer); Bilhan (son of Jediael);
Binnui – Binnui (son of Pahath-moab); Binnui (father of 13 divorcers); Binnui (ancestor of family of returners); Binnui (Levite contemporary of Zerubbabel);
Birds – Identification*; Domesticated birds*; Birds for offerings*; Birds of abomination*;
Boaz – Boaz (protector of Ruth)*; Boaz (pillar of Solomon's temple);
Book of the Twelve – Ancient Evidence*; History of the Collection*; Literary Unity**;
Bozrah – Bozrah (capital of Edom)*; Bozrah (city in Jer.); Bozrah (city in Gilead);
Bukki – Bukki (leader of the tribe of Dan); Bukki (son of Abishua);
Bunni – Bunni (Levite in Neh.); Bunni (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah); Bunni (ancestor of Shemaiah);
Canaan or
Canaanites – Name*; Land**; People**; Culture and Religion**; Language*;
Canaan or
Canaanites – Land – Biblical sources**; Nonbiblical sources**;
Canaan or
Canaanites – People – Biblical sources**; Nonbiblical sources*;
Canon of the Old Testament – Evidence for a Fixed Canon**; Process of Canonization**; Canon and Interpretation*;
Canon of the New Testament – Prophetic Foundation of the Gospel*; Authorization and Message of the Apostles**; Consciousness of Apostolic Authority*; Extent of the NT Canon**;
Carmel – Carmel (mountain range north of Israel)*; Carmel (town in the Judean wilderness);
Carmi – Carmi (son of Reuben); Carmi (father of Achan); Carmi (possible alternative name of Caleb);
Chronology of the Old Testament – Special Issues in Biblical Chronology – Intercalation*; Spring or Fall Calendars*; Accession and Nonaccession Year Reckoning*; Coregency*; Use of the LXX*; Relative and Absolute Chronology*;
Chronology of the Old Testament – OT History – Persian Period*; Neo-Babylonian Period**; Later Years of Judah*; Later Years of the Divided Monarchy**; Early Years of the Divided Monarchy**; United Monarchy**; Period of the Judges**; Date of the Exodus**; Sojourn*; Patriarchs*;
Chronology of the New Testament – Apostolic Period, including Paul – Acts*; Epistles*: Extrabiblical references**; Synthesis of a Pauline Christology**;
Church – Beginnings of the Church**; Expansion in the NT Era**; Features of the Church**;
Church – Expansion in the NT Era – Jerusalem and Judea*; Beyond Judea*; Mission to the Gentiles**;
Church – Features of the Church – Organization in Ministry**; Role of the Assembly**; The Hope of the Church*;
Corinthians, First Letter to the or
First Letter to the Corinthians – Author, Provenance, Date*; Corinth*; Occasion*; Parties and Opposition**; Literary and Rhetorical Analysis*; Major Issues in Corinth*; Significance*;
Covenant – Covenant and Moral Character*; Old Testament**; Later Traditions about the Sinai běrît**; Issues in Understanding the Sinai Covenant**; The New Covenant*;
Covenant – Old Testament – Where God Is Not a Partner*; Where God Is Under Obligation*; Where Israel Is Under Obligation to God: Sinai*;
Covenant – Later Traditions about the Sinai běrît – Postexilic Period*; Hellenistic Period: Sinai as diathēkē*; New Testament**;
Covenant - Later Traditions about the Sinai běrît – New Testament – Jesus**; Paul**;
Cush (person) – Cush (son of Ham); Cush (messenger to David); Cush (opponent of David);
Cushi – Cushi (father of Shelemiah); Cushi (father of Zephaniah);
D
D – D (Deuteronomist); D (symbol for Codex Bezae [D] and Codex Claromontanus [D2]);
Daniel – Daniel (son of David); Daniel (priest returned from exile); Daniel (praised by Ezekiel); Daniel (Hero of the Book of Daniel)**;
Daniel, Additions to or
Additions to Daniel – Prayer of Azariah*; Song of the Three Young Men*; Susanna**; Bel and the Serpent**;
Daniel, Book of or
Book of Daniel – Contents**; Problem of Bilingualism**; Date*; Placement in the Canon*;
Darius – Darius (Darius I)**; Darius (Darius II Ochus); Darius (Darius III Codommanus); Darius (Darius the Mede);
David – Sources**; Name*; Patronym*; Genealogy*; Location in Bethlehem*; Early Career**; Historical Relations with Saul's House**; Rise to Kingship**; Administration and Achievements**; Succession**; David's Place in Tradition*;
Dead Sea Scrolls – The Scrolls and the OT**; The Scrolls and Judaism**; The Scrolls and the NT**;
Debir (place) – Debir (city of Judah)*; Debir (city in Gilead); Debir (city on Judah-Benjamin border);
Deborah – Deborah (in Judges)**; Deborah (nurse of Rebekah); Deborah (grandmother of Tobit);
Delaiah – Delaiah (son of Elioenai); Delaiah (descendant of Aaron); Delaiah (ancestor of returning exiles); Delaiah (son of Mehetabel); Delaiah (son of Shemaiah);
Demetrius – Demetrius Poliorcetes*; Demetrius I Soter**; Demetrius II Nicator**; Demetrius III Eucerus*; Demetrius of Phalerum; Demetrius of Ephesus; Demetrius (3 John);
Desert – Physical Characteristics**; Conditions and Lessons*; Biblical Accounts**;
Eder (person) – Eder (postexilic Benjaminite); Eder (son of Mushi);
Eder (place) – Eder (town in southern Judah); Eder (landmark in the vicinity of Bethlehem);
Edrei – Edrei (Transjordanian city); Edrei (city in Naphtali);
Education – Development and History**; Teachers and Sages*; Content and Method*;
Egypt – Naqada I-II**; Proto-dynastic**; Old Kingdom**; Middle Kingdom*; Hyksos*; New Kingdom*; Third Intermediate Period*; Saite-Persian Period*; Hellenistic-Roman Rule**;
Egyptian (language) – History and Development**; Scripts*; Basic Principles of Writing**; Loanwords in the OT*;
Ehud – Ehud (judge)*; Ehud (son of Bilhan); Ehud (father of Naaman);
El – Middle and Late Bronze Age Sources**; Iron Age Sources**;
Elah – Elah (one of the 11 chiefs of Esau/Edom); Elah (4th king of Israel); Elah (father of Hoshea); Elah (son of Caleb); Elah (returning Benjaminite);
Elam (person) – Elam (son of Shem); Elam (son of Shashak); Elam (son of Meshelemiah); Elam (head of returning clan of Israelites); Elam ("other Elam"); Elam (signer of covenant of Nehemiah); Elam (priest who assisted Nehemiah);
Elasah – Elasah (son of Pashhur); Elasah (son of Shaphan);
Eleasah – Eleasah (son of Helez); Eleasah (son of Raphah);
Eleazar – Eleazar (son of Aaron); Eleazar (son of Abinadab); Eleazar (son of Dodo); Eleazar (son of Mali); Eleazar (son of Phinehas); Eleazar (priest of dedication in Neh.); Eleazar (son of Parosh); Eleazar (son of Mattathias); Eleazar (father of Jason); Eleazar (scribe of 2 Macc.); Eleazar (ancestor of Joseph);
Election – New Testament – Jesus Christ*; The Community of Faith**;
Elhanan – Elhanan (son of Jair); Elhanan (son of Dodo);
Eliab – Eliab (son of Helon); Eliab (father of Dothan); Eliab (son of Jesse); Eliab (descendant of Levi); Eliab (Gadite officer of David); Eliab (Levite harpist of 1 Chr.); Eliab (ancestor of Judith);
Eliada – Eliada (son of David); Eliada (father of Rezon); Eliada (Benjaminte officer of Jehoshaphat);
Eliakim – Eliakim (official of Hezekiah); Eliakim (son of Josiah); Eliakim (priest of Neh.); Eliakim (grandson of Zerubbabel); Eliakim (son of Melea);
Eliam – Eliam (father of Bathsheba); Eliam (son of Ahithophel);
Eliasaph – Eliasaph (head of tribe of Gad); Eliasaph (son of Lael);
Eliashib – Eliashib (descendant of David); Eliashib (priest of the time of David); Eliashib (father of Jehohanan); Eliashib (singer of the time of Ezra); Eliashib (descendant of Zattu); Eliashib (descendant of Bani); Eliashib (high priest of the time of Nehemiah); Eliashib (son of Joiakim); Eliashib (priest of the temple staff of Neh.);
Eliehoenai – Eliehoenai (son of Meshelemiah); Eliehoenai (son of Zerahiah);
Eliel – Eliel (head of Manassite household of 1 Chr.); Eliel (ancestor of Samuel); Eliel (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Eliel (Mahavite of David's Mighty Men); Eliel (Gadite who joined David); Eliel (Levite of the sons of Hebron); Eliel (Levite under Hezekiah);
Eliezer – Eliezer (oldest of Abraham's servants); Eliezer (son of Moses); Eliezer (son of Becher); Eliezer (trumpet blowing priest); Eliezer (son of Zichri); Eliezer (son of Dodavahu); Eliezer (priest sent by Ezra); Eliezer (divorcing son of priest of Ezra); Eliezer (divorcing Levite); Eliezer (son of Harim); Eliezer (ancestor of Jesus);
Elihu – Elihu (son of Tohu); Elihu (defecting chief at Ziklag); Elihu (gatekeeper of the lineage of Obed-edom); Elihu (brother of David); Elihu (son of Barachel)*;
Elijah, Apocalypse of or
Apocalypse of Elijah – Apocalypse of Elijah (Jewish-Christian book ca. 150-275 CE)*; Apocalypse of Elijah (Jewish Hebrew apocalypse ca. 6th-7th century)*;
Elioenai – Elioenai (son of Neariah); Elioenai (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Elioenai (son of Becher); Elioenai (divorcing priest); Elioenai (Israelite of the Zattu clan of Ezra); Elioenai (priest of Neh.);
Eliphelet – Eliphelet (son(s?) of David); Eliphelet (of David's Thirty); Eliphelet (son of Eshek); Eliphelet (returning descendant of Adonikam); Eliphelet (divorcing descendant of Hashum);
Elisha – Miracle Stories**; Political Legends**; Deuteronomistic Edition*;
Elishama – Elishama (son of Ammihud); Elishama (son of David); Elishama (father of Nethaniah); Elishama (descendant of Jerahmeel); Elishama (priest of Jehosaphat's commission); Elishama (scribe under Jehoiakim);
Elizaphan – Elizaphan (son of Uzziel); Elizaphan (son of Parnach);
Elkanah – Elkanah (descendant of Korah); Elkanah (father of Samuel)*; Elkanah (ancestor of Samuel of Chr. 6:25); Elkanah (ancestor of Samuel of Chr. 6:26); Elkanah (ancestor of Berechiah); Elkanah (Korahite of David's Mighty Men); Elkanah (Davidic Levite doorkeeper of the ark); Elkanah (official of Ahaz);
Elnathan – Elnathan (father of Nehushta); Elnathan (1 or 2 "leaders" and a "wise" returner from exile); Elnathan (son of Achbor);
Elon (person) – Elon (father of Basemath); Elon (son of Zebulun); Elon (Zebulunite judge);
Elzabad – Elzabad (Gadite of Ziklag); Elzabad (Korahite temple gatekeeper);
En-gannim – En-gannim (settlement in the Judean Shephelah); En-gannim (levitical city of Issachar);
Enoch (person) – Enoch (son of Cain); Enoch (son of Jared)*;
Enoch, Books of or
Books of Enoch – 1 (Ethiopic) Enoch**; 2 (Slavonic) Enoch*; 3 (Hebrew) Enoch*;
Ephah (person) – Ephah (son of Midian)*; Ephah (concubine of Caleb); Ephah (son of Jahdai);
Epher – Epher (son of Midian); Epher (son of Ezrah); Epher (of 1 Chr. 5:24);
Ephesians, Letter to the or
Letter to the Ephesians – Contents*; Occasion, Purpose, and Literary Classification**; Theological Themes**; Authorship, Dating, and Related Questions**;
Ezer – Ezer (son of Seir); Ezer (father of Hushah); Ezer (cattle raiding Ephraimite); Ezer (joined David at Ziklag); Ezer (son of Jeshua); Ezer (priest of Neh.);
Ezra – Ezra (of the Book of Ezra)*; Ezra (priest of Neh. 12:1, 13); Ezra (priest of Neh. 12:33);
Ezra, Book of or
Book of Ezra – Date, Scope, and Structure**; Content and Messages**; Historical Background*; Historical and Literary Issues*;
Ezra, Book of or
Book of Ezra – Content and Messages – Cyrus' decree (538) to restore the house of God in Jerusalem (1:1-4)*; Implementation of the decree (Ezra 1:5-Neh. 7:73 [72])**;
Ezra, Book of or
Book of Ezra – Content and Messages – Implementation of the decree (Ezra 1:5-Neh. 7:73 [72]) – Introduction with a list of returning exiles (Ezra 1:5-2:1-70)*; Implementation of decree in three movements (Ezra 3:1-Neh. 7:73 [72])**;
Ezra, Book of or
Book of Ezra – Content and Messages – Implementation of the decree (Ezra 1:5-Neh. 7:73 [72]) – Implementation of the decree in three movements – First movement: Building of the temple under Zerubbabel and Joshua's leadership in 538-516/5 (Ezra 3:1-6:22)**; Second movement: Building community under Ezra's leadership in 458-457 (Ezra 7:1-10:44)**;
Gabael – Gabael (ancestor of Tobit); Gabael (friend of Tobit);
Gad (person) – Gad (son of Jacob); Gad (David's prophet or seer);
Gaddi – Gaddi (son of Susi); Gaddi (nikname of Judas Maccabeus' brother John);
Gaius – Gaius (Macedonian who traveled with Paul to Ephesus); Gaius (Paul's companion from Derbe); Gaius (Corinthian baptized by Paul); Gaius (recipient of 3 John);
Galal – Galal (Levite of 1 Chr. 9:15); Galal (son of Jeduthun);
Galatians, Letter to the or
Letter to the Galatians – Content – Truth of the Gospel (1:11-2:21)**; Content – Children of the Promise (3:1-5:12)**; Content – Living by the Spirit (5:13-6:10)**; Content – Contemporary Discussion**;
Galilee – Israelite Period**; Hellenistic-Roman Period**; Early Church and Rabbis*;
Gath-rimmon – Gath-rimmon (city allotted to Dan); Gath-rimmon (city reallotted from Manasseh to Levites);
Gazez – Gazez (son of Caleb); Gazez (son of Haran);
Gebal – Gebal (city 30 km north of Beirut)**; Gebal (now Gibal territory);
Gedaliah – Gedaliah (son of Ahikam); Gedaliah (musician of David's reign); Gedaliah (of the family of Jeshua); Gedaliah (son of Pashhur); Gedaliah (grandfather of Zephaniah);
Gederah – Gederah (town in the Shephelah); Gederah (home town of Jozabad the Gederathite);
Gedor (place) – Gedor (town in the Judean hill country); Gedor (city in Gilead and capital of Perea);
Gemariah – Gemariah (son of Hilkiah); Gemariah (son of Shaphan);
Genesis, Book of or
Book of Genesis – Name and Early Interpretation*; Structure and Contents**; Formation**; History*;
Gera – Gera (son of Benjamin); Gera (father of Ehud); Gera (father of Shimei); Gera (name in 1 Chr. 8:1-40); Gera (son of Ehud);
Gershom – Gershom (son of Moses); Gershom (son of Levi); Gershom (descendant of Phinehas);
Geshur – Geshur (Aramean kingdom)*; Geshur (people or region south of the Philistine pentapolis);
Gestures – Illustrations – Head*; Face Alone**; Limbs**;
Gibeah – Gibeah (town in the hill country of Judah); Gibeah (town in the hill country of Ephraim); Gibeah (Benjaminite city)**;
Giddel – Giddel (returning temple servant); Giddel (servant of Solomon);
Gihon – Gihon (river of Genesis); Gihon (spring in the Kidron Valley)*;
Gilead (person) – Gilead (son of Machir); Gilead (father of Jephthah); Gilead (ancestor of the Gadite clan);
Gilgal – Gilgal (place "opposite" Mts. Gerizim and Ebal); Gilgal (place east of Jericho)**; Gilgal (place in Galilee); Gilgal (place on the northern border of Judah); Gilgal (site north of Bethel); Gilgal (iste Demetrius passed in 1 Macc.);
Ginnethon – Ginnethon (priest of Neh. 10:6); Ginnethon (priest of Neh. 12:16);
God – Issues of Genre**; The Knowledge of God**; Basic Claims about God***;
God – Basic Claims about God – Living and eternal*; Unity*; Unique, incomparable*; Present**; Active*; Relational**; Intentional*; Interactive*; Situational*; Effective*; Vulnerable*; Use of agents**; Mighty acts*; Extraordinary events*;
God in the Old Testament, Names of or
Names of God in the Old Testament – Adon*; Baal*; El*; El Elyon*; El Shaddai*; Eloah*; Fear of Isaac*; Holy One*; Mighty One of Jacob*;
Goiim – Goiim (kingdom led by Tidal); Goiim (kingdom whose king was defeated by Joshua); Goiim (alt. form of goyim);
Gomer – Gomer (son of Japheth); Gomer (son of Diblaim);
Goshen – Goshen (territory in Egypt settled by Hebrews)**; Goshen (region in southern Canaan); Goshen (town in the hill country assigned to Judah);
Gospel or
Good News – Origin of usage*; Matthew and Luke**; Mark*; Paul**; Other NT Usages*;
Greece – Bronze Age and Archaic Period (Beginnings to 450 B.C.E.)**; Classical Period (450-323 B.C.E.)**; Hellenistic Period (323-31 B.C.E.)**; Roman Period (31 B.C.E.-476 C.E.)*;
Greek (language) – History*; Greek in the Near East**;
Guni – Guni (son of Naphtali); Guni (father of Abdiel);
Hadad (person) – Hadad (son of Ishmael); Hadad (king of Edom, son of Bedad); Hadad (later king of Edom); Hadad (Edomite king, enemy of Solomon);
Hadadezer – Hadadezer (king of Zobah); Hadadezer (king of Damascus);
Hadoram – Hadoram (descendant of Joktan); Hadoram (son of King Tou or Hamath); Hadoram (official of King Rehoboam);
Haggai, Book of or
Book of Haggai – Prophetic Call to Work on the Temple (1:1-11)*; Response of Leaders and People (1:12-15a)*; Assurance of God's Presence (1:15b-2:9)*; Priestly Ruling with Interpretation (2:10-19)*; Future Hope (2:20-23)*;
Hakkoz – Hakkoz (head of the seventh division of priests under David); Hakkoz (family returning from exile);
Hamites or
Hamitic – Hamites or Hamitic (descendants of Ham)*; Hamites or Hamitic (Hamito-Semitic earlier designation of languages and cultures)*;
Hammon – Hammon (city in the territory assigned to Asher); Hammon (city in the territory of Naphtali);
Hanan – Hanan (son of Shashak); Hanan (son of Azel); Hanan (son of Maacah); Hanan (head of family of returners); Hanan (Levite of the time of Ezra); Hanan (Two men listed as leaders of the people in Neh.); Hanan (son of Zaccur); Hanan (guild member who occupied a chamber of the temple in Jer.);
Hanani – Hanani (father of Jehu)*; Hanani (son of Heman); Hanani (son of the priestly family of Immer); Hanani (Nehemiah's brother); Hanani (priest and trumpeter of Neh.);
Hananiah – Hananiah (son of Zerubbabel); Hananiah (postexilic member of tribe of Benjamin); Hananiah (son of Heman); Hananiah (commander under King Uzziah); Hananiah (of the family of Bebai who sent away foreign wife); Hananiah (son of Shelemiah); Hananiah (governor of the citadel/palace at time of Nehemiah); Hananiah (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Hananiah (priest and head of house of Jeremiah at time of Neh.); Hananiah (son of Azzur)*; Hananiah (father of official under Jehoiakim); Hananiah (father of Chelemiah); Hananiah (changed name to Shadrach);
Hanniel – Hanniel (son of Ephod); Hanniel (son of Ulla);
Hanoch – Hanoch (son of Midian); Hanoch (son of Reuben);
Hanun – Hanun (son of Nahash); Hanun (Israelite helped restore walls in Neh.); Hanun (son of Zalaph);
Haran (person) – Haran (son of Terah); Haran (descendant of Judah); Haran (son of Shimei);
Harim – Harim (head of a priestly family at time of David); Harim (person or place that designates a lay family of returners in Ezra);
Harod – Harod (spring in Judg.); Harod (town SE of Jerusalem, exact location unknown);
Hasadiah – Hasadiah (son of Zerubbabel); Hasadiah (ancestor of Baruch);
Hashabiah – Hashabiah (father of Malluch); Hashabiah (father of Azrikam); Hashabiah (son of Jeduthun); Hashabiah (Hebronite official of David); Hashabiah (son of Kemuel); Hashabiah (chief officer of the Levites at time of Josiah); Hashabiah (descendant of Merari); Hashabiah (one of 12 priests set apart by Ezra); Hashabiah (divorcing descendant of Parosh); Hashabiah (ruler of half the district of Keilah at time of Neh.); Hashabiah (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Hashabiah (chief officer of the Levites at time of Neh.); Hashabiah (head of a priestly family of Hilkiah); Hashabiah (a leader of the Levites at time of Neh.);
Hashabneiah – Hashabneiah (father of Hattush); Hashabneiah (Levite at time of Neh.);
Hashum – Hashum (returner at time of Ezra); Hashum (representative of the family of Hashum at time of Ezra);
Hasrah – Hasrah (grandfather of Shallum); Hasrah (head of family of returning exiles);
Hassenuah – Hassenuah (father of Hodaviah); Hassenuah (father of Judah);
Hasshub – Hasshub (Levite of the line of Merari); Hasshub (son of Pahath-moab); Hasshub (Israelite who helped rebuild the walls);
Hattush – Hattush (son of Shemaiah); Hattush (son of Hashabneiah); Hattush (returning priest);
Havilah (person) – Havilah (son of Cush); Havilah (son of Joktan);
Hazor – Hazor (city at the corner of the Huleh Plain)**; Hazor (city in the Negeb); Hazor (city on the southern border of Judah); Hazor (town resettled by Benjaminites after the Restoration); Hazor (collective term for Arab kingdoms);
Hazor (city at the corner of the Huleh Plain) – Textual References**; Archaeological Investigations**;
Hazor (city at the corner of the Huleh Plain) – Archaeological Investigations – Bronze Age**; Iron Age**;
Heber – Heber (son of Beriah); Heber (Kenite descended from Hobab); Heber (descendant of Ezrah); Heber (son of Elpaal);
Hebron (person) – Hebron (son of Kohath); Hebron (son of Mareshah);
Heldai – Heldai (Netophatite of David's army); Heldai (returner from exile);
Helem – Helem (descendant of Asher); Helem (responsible for the crown of the high priest in Zech.);
Helez – Helez (descendadnt of Jerahmeel); Helez (Pelonite of the army of Ephraim);
Heliopolis – Heliopolis (Egyptian city Om); Heliopolis (Greek name of Baalbek);
Heman – Heman (descendant of Esau); Heman (son of Mahol); Heman (son of Joel);
Hepher (person) – Hepher (son of Gilead); Hepher (descendant of Judah); Hepher (one of David's mighty men);
Hephzibah – Hephzibah (wife of King Hezekiah); Hephzibah (symbolic name for Jerusalem);
Herod (family) – Herod Antipater (father of Herod the Great)**; Herod the Great**; Mariamme I**; Mariamme II*; Salome (sister of Herod)*; Herod Antipater (son of Herod the Great)*; Alexander and Aristobulus*; Mariamme (granddaughter of Herod)*; Archelaus*; Mariamme (wife of Archelaus)*; Antipas (son of Herod the Great)*; Salome (daughter of Herod)*; Philip the Tetrarch**; Herod (son of Herod)*; Mariamme (married Herod IV)*; Agrippa I*; Mariamme (daughter of Agrippa I)*; Agrippa II*;
Herod (family) Herod the Great – King Herod**; Middle Years**; Herod's Buildings*; Final Years*; Evaluation*;
Hezekiah – Hezekiah (king of Judah)**; Hezekiah (head of family of returners); Hezekiah (ancestor of Zephaniah);
Hezir – Hezir (leaderof 17th division of priests under David); Hezir (Levite who sealed the covenant of Neh.);
Hezron (person) – Hezron (son of Reuben); Hezron (son of Perez);
Hieronymus – Hieronymus (district governor in 2 Macc.); Hieronymus (Latin form of Jerome);
Hilkiah – Hilkiah (father of Eliakim); Hilkiah (High priest at time of Josiah); Hilkiah (pre-exilic Levite, possible great-grandfather of Ezra); Hilkiah (ancestor of Merari); Hilkiah (father of postexilic priest, various names); Hilkiah (gatekeeper at the time of David); Hilkiah (one who stood beside Ezra); Hilkiah (leader of the priests at time of Neh.); Hilkiah (father of Jeremiah); Hilkiah (father of Gemariah); Hilkiah (ancestor of Judith); Hilkiah (ancestor of Baruch); Hilkiah (ancestor of Susanne);
Hillel – Hillel (father of Abdon); Hillel (Hillel the Elder)**;
Hittites – History**; Myths of Origin*; Identity**;
Hodaviah – Hodaviah (son of Elioenai); Hodaviah (head of a family in the half-tribe of Manasseh); Hodaviah (son of Hassenuah); Hodaviah (Levite ancestor of returners from exile);
Hodiah – Hodiah (brother-in-law of Nahum); Hodiah (Levite interpreter of the law of the time of Ezra); Hodiah (two Levites who signed the covenant of Ezra); Hodiah (an apparently non-Levite signer of the covenant of Ezra);
Holon – Holon (city in the hill country of Judah); Holon (city in the tableland of Moab);
Holy Spirit – New Testament – Gospels**; Paul**; John**;
Homosexuality – Male-male rape*; Same-sex intercourse as violation of purity*; Same-sex commitments*;
Hor – Hor (mountain on which Aaron died); Hor (mountain marking the northern boundary of Israel);
Hori – Hori (son of Lotan); Hori (father of Shaphat);
Horites – Horites (seminomadic people living in Seir-Edom)*; Horites (Hivites translated in the LXX as Horites)*;
Horn – Horn (container for liquids); Horn (symol of power, victory, or glory);
Hosea, Book of or
Book of Hosea – Text*; Literary Structure*; Compositional History**; Hosea, His Wife, and Social Location**; Message**;
Hoshaiah – Hoshaiah (a leader of Judah in Neh.); Hoshaiah (father of Jezaniah);
Hoshea – Hoshea (original name of Joshua); Hoshea (last king of northern Israel); Hoshea (chief officer David placed over Ephraim); Hoshea (levitical priest who ratified Ezra's covenant); Hoshea (prophet also called Hosea);
Hotham – Hotham (son of Heber); Hotham (father of Shama);
House – Textual Usage**; Archaeological Contexts**;
Hur – Hur (companion of Moses and Aaron); Hur (grandfather of Bezalel); Hur (one of five kings slain at Peor); Hur (father of Solomon's governor in Ephraim); Hur (father of Rephaiah);
Huram – Huram (Tyrian metal-worker); Huram (alternate form of the name Hiram); Huram (son of Bela);
Hushim – Hushim (son of Dan); Hushim (sons of Aher); Hushim (mother of Abitub);
Hyksos – Ethnic Identification**; Rise to Power**; End of Rule*; Impact*;
Hyrkanus – Hyrcanus (son of Tobias); John Hyrcanus**; Hyrcanus II**;
I
Iddo – Iddo (father of Ahinadab); Iddo (Levite descendant of Gershom); Iddo (prophet said to have authored a midrash); Iddo (grandfather of Zechariah); Iddo (tribal leader under David); Iddo (Yehudite who married a foreign woman); Iddo (Judean leader of the time of Ezra);
Igal – Igal (spy from Issachar); Igal (son of Nathan); Igal (son of Shemaiah);
Illness and
Health Care – Prehistoric and Early Periods**; Preexilic Israel**; Postexilic Israel**; Early Christianity**; Conclusion**;
Imnah – Imnah (son of Asher); Imnah (father of Kore);
Imri – Imri (ancestor of Uthai); Imri (father of Zaccur);
Interpretation, Biblical or
Biblical interpretation – OT and Judaism**; Early Church and Medieval Interpretation**; The Reformation and Modern Interpretation**; Contemporary Approaches**;
Ira – Ira (Manassite of the lineage of Jair); Ira (son of Ikkesh); Ira (Ithrite, one of David's Champions);
Isaiah, Book of or
Book of Isaiah – The Prophetic Scroll – Historical Questions**; Canonical Criticism**; Primary Historical Setting**;
Isaiah, Book of or
Book of Isaiah – Message – Memories of Isaiah's Vision (Chs. 1-39)**; The Basis for Hope (Chs. 40-55)**; Maintaining the Vision (Chs. 56-66)**;
Isaiah, Book of or
Book of Isaiah – Message – Memories of Isaiah's Vision (Chs. 1-39) – A People in Revolt (Ch. 1)*; Judgment for Judah and Jerusalem (Chs. 2-12)**; Judgment for Babylon and the Nations (Chs. 13-35)*; Isaiah and Hezekiah (Chs. 36-39)*;
Ishi – Ishi (son of Appaim); Ishi (father of Zoheth); Ishi (Simeonite whose sons or followers defeated Amalekites in 1 Chr.); Ishi (head of a father's house in the half-tribe of Manasseh);
Ishmael – Ishmael (son of Abraham)**; Ishmael (son of Azel); Ishmael (father of Zebediah); Ishmael (son of Johananan); Ishmael (son of Passhur); Ishmael (son of Nethaniah);
Ishmaiah – Ismaiah (Gibeonite leader of the Thirty); Ismaiah (son of Obadiah);
Ishvi – Ishvi (son of Asher); Ishvi (son of Saul);
Israel – Name**; Biblical Account**; Biblical Account of History**; Extrabiblical Evidence and Theories**;
Israel – Biblical Account of History – Wilderness to United Monarchy**; Kingdom of Israel**;
Issachar – Issachar (son of Leah); Issachar (son of Obed-orem);
Isshiah – Isshiah (son of Izrahiah); Isshiah (who joined David at Ziklag); Isshiah (son of Uzziel); Isshiah (Levite of the family of Rehabiah);
Ithiel – Ithiel (ancestor of Sallu); Ithiel (person addressed in Proverbs);
Ithran – Ithran (son of Dishon); Ithran (son of Zophah);
Ittai – Ittai (man from Gath in 2 Sam.); Ittai (son of Ribai);
Izhar – Izhar (Levite father of Korah); Izhar (Judahite son of Helah);
J
Jaasiel – Jaasiel (Mezobaite, one of David's mighty men); Jaasiel (son of Abner);
Jaazaniah – Jaazaniah (commander of the troops of Judah under Gedaliah); Jaazaniah (son of Jeremiah); Jaazaniah (son of Shaphan); Jaazaniah (son of Azzur);
Jabin – Jabin (king of Hazor in Josh.); Jabin (king of Hazor in Judg.);
Jabneel – Jabneel (town on the southern border of the tribe of Judah); Jabneel (town on the southeastern border of Naphtali);
Jachin – Jachin (son of Simeon); Jachin (leader of the 21st priestly division at the time of David);
Jaddua – Jaddua (a "leader of the people" who sealed the covenant in Neh.); Jaddua (son of Jonathan);
Jahath – Jahath (son of Reaiah); Jahath (son of Libni); Jahath (grandson of Gershom); Jahath (son of Shelomoth); Jahath (overseer of the temple repair work force at the time of King Josiah);
Jahaziel – Jahaziel (Benjaminite who came to David at Ziklag); Jahaziel (priest at the time of David); Jahaziel (Korahite Levite of 1 Chr.); Jahaziel (son of Zechariah); Jahaziel (father of Shecaniah);
Jair – Jair (son of Manasseh); Jair (Jair the Gileadite); Jair (father of Elhanan); Jair (father of Mordecai);
Jakim – Jakim (son of Shimei); Jakim (leader of the twelfth division of priests at the time of David);
James – James the son of Zebedee**; James the son of Alphaeus*; James the son of Mary*; James the father of Judas*; James the brother of Jesus**;
James, Letter of or
Letter of James – Theological Emphases – Wisdom*; Love, Faith, and Works*; Perfection*; Eschatology*;
Jamin – Jamin (son of Simeon); Jamin (son of Ram); Jamin (Levite of the time of Neh.);
Janoah – Janoah (town on the eastern border of Ephraim)*; Janoah (city in the northern region of Naphtali)*;
Japheth – Japheth (son of Noah)**; Japheth (region north of Arabia);
Japhia (person) – Japhia (king of Lachish); Japhia (son of David);
Jarib – Jarib (son of Simeon); Jarib (sent by Ezra to Casiphia); Jarib (priest Ezra ordered to give up a foreign wife);
Jarmuth – Jarmuth (city in Judah); Jarmuth (city in Issachar);
Jashobeam – Jashobeam (Hachmonite leader of David's Three); Jashobeam (son of Zabdiel); Jashobeam (Korahite who defected at Ziklag);
Jashub – Jashub (son of Issachar); Jashub (returned exile of Ezra);
Jason – Jason (son of Eleazar); Jason (father of Antipater); Jason (Cyrenian historian); Jason (high priest 174-171 B.C.E.); Jason (Jewish Christian of Acts 17:5-9); Jason (companion of Paul in Rom 16:21);
Jeconiah or
Jechoniah – Jeconiah or Jechoniah (altenate name of King Jehoiachin of Judah); Jeconiah or Jechoniah (Levitical priest of time of King Josiah); Jeconiah or Jechoniah (alternate name of King Jehoahaz or Judah);
Jedaiah – Jedaiah (son of Shimri); Jedaiah (eponymous ancestor of a priestly house); Jedaiah (wall builder of Neh.); Jedaiah (priest of the time of Neh.); Jedaiah (two levitical chiefs who returned at time of Neh. 12:6-7); Jedaiah (two head of family priest of Neh. 12:19, 21); Jedaiah (contemporary of the prophet Zechariah);
Jediael – Jediael (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Jediael (son of Shimri); Jediael (military chief who deserted David at Ziklag); Jediael (son of Meshelemiah);
Jeduthun – Jeduthun (father of Obed-edom); Jeduthun (Levitical musician of 1 and 2 Chr.);
Jehallelel – Jehallelel (descendant of Judah); Jehallelel (father of Azariah);
Jehdeiah – Jehdeiah (descendant of Shubael); Jehdeiah (Meronothite overseer of David's donkeys);
Jehiel – Jehiel (Levite musician of the time of David); Jehiel (founder of the levitical family of Jehieli); Jehiel (son of Hachmoni); Jehiel (Gershonite of 1 Chr.); Jehiel (Levite of 2 Chr.); Jehiel (Levite official of the time of Hezekiah); Jehiel (official of the time of Josiah); Jehiel (father of Obadiah); Jehiel (father of Shechasniah); Jehiel (priest of the family of Harim); Jehiel (Israelite of the family of Elam);
Jehoahaz – Jehoahaz (King of Judah son of Jehoram); Jehoahaz (King of Israel son of Jehu); Jehoahaz (17th King of Judah);
Jehohanan – Jehohanan (Korahite Levite gatekeeper of 1 Chr.); Jehohanan (Judahite commander in Jehoshaphat's army in 2 Chr.); Jehohanan (father of Ishmael); Jehohanan (owner of chamber to which Ezra retreated for fasting); Jehohanan (son of Bebai); Jehohanan (son of Tobiah the Ammonite); Jehohanan (head of a priestly house in Neh.); Jehohanan (priest at dedication of the walls in Neh.);
Jehoiada – Jehoiada (priest from Kabzeel); Jehoiada (priest in coup against Athaliah)**; Jehoiada (son of Benaiah); Jehoiada (son of Eliashib); Jehoiada (priest replaced by Zephaniah);
Jehoiakim – Jehoiakim (King of Judah 609-598 B.C.E.)**; Jehoiakim (son of Hilkiah);
Jehonathan – Jehonathan (Levite of 2 Chr.); Jehonathan (postexilic priest of Neh.);
Jehoram – Jehoram (son of Ahab)**; Jehoram (son and successor or Jehoshaphat)*; Jehoram (priest of Judah);
Jehoshaphat – Jehoshaphat (son of Ahilud); Jehoshaphat (son of Paruah); Jehoshaphat (King of Judah)**; Jehoshaphat (son of Nimshi);
Jehozabad – Jehozabad (servant of Joash of Judah); Jehozabad (son of Obed-edom); Jehozabad (Benjaminite commander of 2 Chr.);
Jehu – Jehu (prophet of the era of King Baasha of Israel); Jehu (King of Israel ca. 843-816 B.C.E.)**; Jehu (son of Obed); Jehu (son of Joshibiah); Jehu (Benjaminite warrior of David at Ziklag);
Jeiel – Jeiel (clan chief of 1 Chr.); Jeiel (father of Gibeon); Jeiel (son of Hotham); Jeiel (Levite harpist of 1 Chr.); Jeiel (Asaphite Levite of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (secretary of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (chief of Levites of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (descendant of Nebo);
Jekamiah – Jekamiah (son of Shallum); Jekamiah (descendant of King Jeconiah);
Jephunneh – Jephunneh (father of Caleb); Jephunneh (son of Jether);
Jerahmeel – Jerahmeel (brother of Ram and Caleb)*; Jerahmeel (son of Kish); Jerahmeel (Judean officer under Jehoiakim);
Jeremiah – Jeremiah (man from Libnah); Jeremiah (clan head of 1 Chr.); Jeremiah (Benjaminite warrior that joined David at Ziklag); Jeremiah (two Gadite warriors who joined David at Ziklag); Jeremiah (priest who signed the covenant of Neh.); Jeremiah (priest returner of Neh.); Jeremiah (administrative official of Judah at Neh.); Jeremiah (prophet from Anathoth); Jeremiah (father of Jaazaniah);
Jeremoth – Jeremoth (of the sons of Becher); Jeremoth (son of Beriah); Jeremoth (son of Mushi); Jeremoth (son of Heman); Jeremoth (descendant of Elam); Jeremoth (descendant of Zattu); Jeremoth (descendant of Bani);
Jericho – Old Testament and Apocrypha*; New Testament*; Tell es-Sultân**; Tulûl Abū el-‘Alayiq*;
Jerimoth – Jerimoth (son of Bela); Jerimoth (Benjaminite who joined David at ZIklag); Jerimoth (family head of tribe of Levi of 1 Chr.); Jerimoth (temple musician and seer of time of David); Jerimoth (commander of Naphtali at time of David); Jerimoth (son of King David); Jerimoth (temple storeroom overseer of 2 Chr.);
Jeroboam – Jeroboam (first king of Israel)**; Jeroboam (King of Israel 785-745)**;
Jeroham – Jeroham (father of Elkanah); Jeroham (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Ibneiah); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Adaiah); Jeroham (man from Gedor); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Azarel); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Azariah);
Jerusalem – Name*; Setting**; Ancient Sources*; Archaeological Evidence*; History***;
Jerusalem, Gates of or
Gates of Jerusalem – Preexilic Period*; Restoration Period**; New Testament Period**;
Jeshaiah – Jeshaiah (grandson of Zerubbabel); Jeshaiah (son of Jeduthun); Jeshaiah (son of Rehabiah); Jeshaiah (son of Athaliah); Jeshaiah (Meraite Levite of Ezra); Jeshaiah (forebear of Sallu);
Jeshimon – Jeshimon (desert region east of the Judean mountains and west of the Dead Sea); Jeshimon (desert region at northeastern end of the Dead Sea);
Jeshua – Jeshua (head of ninth division of Levitical priests of 1 Chr.); Jeshua (priest of the time of Hezekiah); Jeshua (son of Jehozadak); Jeshua (name of a nonpriestly clan of Pahathmoab); Jeshua (levitical house of returnees); Jeshua (alternate form of Joshua son of Nun); Jeshua (father of Jozabad); Jeshua (father of Ezer); Jeshua (Levitical singer of Neh.); Jeshua (son of Kadmiel);
Jesus – Jesus (father of Sirach); Jesus (alternate name of Joshua ben Sira); Jesus (surname of Paul's co-worker Justus);
Jesus Christ – Life**; Sources**; Public Career*; Teaching**; Miracles*; Controversy and Danger**; Jesus's Last Week**; The Resurrection**;
Jesus Christ – Teaching – The Nature of the Kingdom*; Its Time and Place*; Preparation and Discipleship*; The Poor and Sinners*; Self-Conception*; Jewish Law**; Ethics*;
Jesus Christ – Controversy and Danger – Crowds and Autonomy*; Scribes and Pharisees**;
Jether – Jether (son of Gideon); Jether (father of Amasa); Jether (son of Jada); Jether (son of Ezrah); Jether (Asherite of 1 Chr.);
Jeuel – Jeuel (head of a clan in 1 Chr.); Jeuel (of the sons of Elizaphan); Jeuel (son of Adonikam);
Jeush – Jeush (son of Esau); Jeush (son of Bilhan); Jeush (son of Eshek); Jeush (son of Shimei); Jeush (son of Rehoboam);
Jezreel (place) – Jezreel (town in the hills of Judah); Jezreel (valley of Jezreel)**; Jezreel (town on the southern border of Issachar);
Joah – Joah (son of Asaph); Joah (son of Zimmah); Joah (son of Obed-edom); Joah (father of Eden); Joah (son of Joahaz);
Joash – Joash (father of Gideon); Joash (son of Ahab); Joash (King of Judah 837-800 B.C.E.)**; Joash (King of Israel 800-785)**; Joash (of the Judahite genealogy of 1 Chr.); Joash (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Joash (archer who joined David at Ziklag); Joash (overseer of David's stores of oil);
Job, Book of or
Book of Job – Composition and Structure*; Content and Movement**;
Jobab – Jobab (son of Joktan); Jobab (son of Zerah); Jobab (King of Madon defeated by Joshua); Jobab (son of Shaharaim); Jobab (son of Elpaal);
Joel – Joel (son of Samuel); Joel (prince of the tribe of Simeon); Joel (father of Shemaiah); Joel (chief of Gad); Joel (son of Azariah of Sam.); Joel (son of Izrahiah); Joel (brother of Nathan); Joel (cheif of the Gershomite Levites of the time of David); Joel (son of Ladan); Joel (son of Pedaiah); Joel (son of Azariah of 2 Chr.); Joel (son of Nebo); Joel (son of Zichri); Joel (prophet, son of Pethuel); Joel (archangel Joel);
Joha – Joha (son of Beriah); Joha (son of Shimri);
Johanan – Johanan (son of Kareah); Johanan (son of Josiah); Johanan (son of Elioenai); Johanan (son of Azariah); Johanan (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Johanan (Gadite who joined David at Ziklag); Johanan (Ephraimite chief, son of Azariah); Johanan (descendant of Azgad); Johanan (high priest of Neh.);
John – John (father of Matthias); John (son of Matthias); John (father of Eupolemus); John (John Hyrcanus I); John (John Hyrcanus II); John (envoy of 2 Mac.); John (John the Baptist); John (son of Zebedee); John (father of Peter); John (friend of Annas); John (John Mark, son of Mary); John (author of Revelation);
John, Gospel of or
Gospel of John – Contents*; Authorship and Composition*; Date*; Readers*; Relationship to Other NT Books**; Theological Emphasis*;
John, Gospel of or
Gospel of John – Relationship to Other NT Books – Synoptic Gospels*; Johannine Epistles*; Revelation*;
John, Letters of or
Letters of John – 1 John**; 2 John*; 3 John*; Date and Location*;
John the Baptist – Sources*; Name*; Activity and Location**; Religious Message**; Followers*;
Joiada – Joiada (son of Paseah); Joiada (priest during the reign of Darius);
Joiarib – Joiarib (man of insight sent by Ezra); Joiarib (son of Zechariah); Joiarib (returning priest of Neh.);
Joktheel – Joktheel (town in the Shepelah); Joktheel (capital of Edomite territory);
Jonadab – Jonadab (son of Shimeah); Jonadab (son of Rechab);
Jonah, Book of or
Book of Jonah – Jonah Called (1:1-3)*; Jonah Pursued (1:4-16)*; Jonah's Response to God's Deliverance (1:17-2:10 [MT 2:1-11])*; Nineveh and God Repent (3:1-10)*; A Theological Debate (4:1-11)*;
Jonathan – Jonathan (son of Gershom); Jonathan (son of Saul)**; Jonathan (son of Abiathar); Jonathan (son of Shammah); Jonathan (son of Jada); Jonathan (son of Shimei); Jonathan (son of Uzziah); Jonathan (uncle of King David); Jonathan (father of Ebed); Jonathan (son of Asahel); Jonathan (son of Joiada); Jonathan (priest of Neh.); Jonathan (son of Shemaiah); Jonathan (secretary of Jer.); Jonathan (son of Kareah); Jonathan (son of Mattathias)**; Jonathan (son of Absalom); Jonathan (priest of 2 Macc.);
Joram – Joram (son of King Toi of Hamath); Joram (contracted form of Jehoram); Joram (Levite descended from Eliezer);
Joseph – Joseph (son of Jacob)**; Joseph (father of Igal); Joseph (of the sons of Asaph); Joseph (descendant of Binnui); Joseph (returner of Neh.); Joseph (son of Oziel); Joseph (son of Zechariah); Joseph (brother of Judas Maccabeus); Joseph (husband of Mary)**; Joseph (brother of Jesus); Joseph (brother of James, son of Mary); Joseph of Arimathea**; Joseph (father of Jannai); Joseph (father of Judah); Joseph (disciple of Jesus called Barsabbas); Joseph (became Barnabas);
Joses – Joses (brother of Jesus); Joses (brother of James the younger);
Joshua – Joshua (son of Nun)**; Joshua (man of 1 Sam.); Joshua (governor of Jerusalem of 2 Kings); Joshua (high priest); Joshua (person in Luke's genealogy of Jesus);
Joshua, Book of or
Book of Joshua – Literary Characteristics**; Historical Features**;
Josiah – Josiah (son of Amon)**; Josiah (son of Zephaniah);
Jotham – Jotham (son of Gideon); Jotham (king of Judah)**; Jotham (son of Jahdai);
Jozabad – Jozabad (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Jozabad (two men who joined David at Ziklag); Jozabad (a temple overseer under Hezekiah); Jozabad (Levite who contributed to Josiah's Passover); Jozabad (son of the priestly family of Passhur); Jozabad (son of Jeshua the Levite); Jozabad (Levite of Ezra); Jozabad (Levite of Neh.);
Judah – Judah (son of Jacob); Judah (tribe of Judah); Judah (ancestor of a family in Ezra); Judah (Levite who had married a foreign woman); Judah (son of Hassenuah); Judah (returner from exile); Judah (leader of Judah in Neh.); Judah (priest and musician of Neh.); Judah (ancestor of Jesus);
Judah, Kingdom of or
Kingdom of Judah – History – Sources*; David and Solomon**; Divided Kingdom*; Omride Dynasty*; Aramean Domination*; Assyrian Domination**; Egyptian and Babylonian Domination**;
Judas – Judas (son of Chalphi); Judas (son of Simon Maccabeus); Judas (writer to Aristobulus); Judas (brother of Jesus); Judas (disciple other than Iscariot, often identified with Thaddeus); Judas (Judas of Galilee); Judas (who hosted Paul after the Damascus incident); Judas (Judas Barsabbas);
Jude, Letter of or
Letter of Jude – Literary Structure*; Sources*; The Opponents*; Date*; Authorship**; Destination*; Message*;
Judges, Book of or
Book of Judges – Formation*; The Judges*; Contents**; Themes*; New Directions*;
Judges, Book of or
Book of Judges – Contents – The Conquest (1:1-2:5)*; Exploits of the Judges (2:6-16:31)*; Appendices (17:1-21:25)*;
Judith – Judith (wife of Esau); Judith (of the Book of Judith);
Justus – Justus (surname of Joseph Barsabbas); Justus (Titius or Titus Justus); Justus (Jesus Justus);
K
Kadesh or
Kadesh-barnea – Kadesh or Kadesh-barnea (site in the northern Sinai)**; Kadesh or Kadesh-barnea (modern Tell Nebi Mind)*;
Kanah – Kanah (stream between Ephraim and Manasseh)*; Kanah (town in the territory of Asher)*;
Kedesh – Kedesh (city in Upper Galilee); Kedesh (town on the southern border of Judah); Kedesh (Levitical city of Issachar); Kedesh (town in southern Naphtali);
Kemuel – Kemuel (son of Nahor); Kemuel (son of Shiphtan); Kemuel (father of Hasabiah);
Kenaz or
Kennizite – Kenaz or Kennizite (son of Eliphaz)*; Kenaz or Kennizite (brother of Caleb); Kenaz or Kennizite (son of Elah);
Kingdom of God or
Kingdom of Heaven – Old Testament*; Apocalyptic and Intertestamental Literature*; New Testament**; Conclusion*;
Kings, Books of or
Books of Kings – Organization*; Contents*; History of Composition*; Ideology*; Issues in Recent study**;
Kir – Kir (place to which Tilgath-pileser III deported Aramaeans)*; Kir (city in Moab); Kir (apparently a city in southern Mesopotamia);
Kiriathaim – Kiriathaim (town east of the Jordan); Kiriathaim (city in the territory of Naphtali);
Kish (Person) – Kish (Benjaminite from Gibeah); Kish (son or descendant of Jeiel); Kish (Levite of the Merarite clan); Kish (son of Abdi); Kish (Benjaminite ancestor of Mordecai);
Kolaiah – Kolaiah (ancestor of Sallu); Kolaiah (father of Ahab);
Korah – Korah (son or grandson of Esau); Korah (son of Izhar); Korah (son of Hebron); Korah (descendant of the levitical Korah);
Kore – Kore (Levite of the line of Korah); Kore (son of Imnah);
L
L – L (material found only in the Gospel of Luke); L (symbol designating Codex Leningradensis B);
Lachish – Old Testament**; Other Sources*; Tel Lachish/Tell ed-Duweir**;
Ladan – Ladan (ancestor of Joshua); Ladan (of the lineage of Gershon);
Law – Law Codes**; Judicial System**; Police Power**;
Levi – Levi (ancestor of the Levites)*; Levi (ancestor of Jesus); Levi (disciple known as Matthew); Levi (father of Matthat);
Leviticus, Book of or
Book of Leviticus – Dating and Provenance**; Anthropological Perspectives*; Animal Sacrifice**; Holiness and Purity**; Historical Note*;
Libnah – Libnah (place in the Sinai Peninsula mentioned in Num.); Libnah (city conquered by Joshua)*;
Libni – Libni (son of Gershon); Libni (Levite descendant of Merari);
Lucius – Lucius of Cyrene; Lucius (relative of Paul); Lucius Caecilius Metullus;
Luz – Luz (site of Jacob's ladder dream)*; Luz (in Judges)*;
Lysimachus – Lysimachus (general of Alexander the Great)*; Lysimachus (brother of Simon and Menelaus)*; Lysimachus (son of Ptolemy of Jerusalem)*; Lysimachus (author of an anti-Semitic history)*;
M
Maacah (person) – Maacah (child of Nahor); Maacah (mother of Absalom); Maacah (father of Achish); Maacah (wife of Rehoboam); Maacah (concubine of Caleb); Maacah (sister or wife of Machir); Maacah (wife of Jehiel); Maacah (father of Hanun); Maacah (father of Shepatiah);
Maasheiah or
Asaiah – Maasheiah or Asaiah (Levite of the second order of 1 Chr.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (lute player of 1 Chr., maybe identical to previous); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Adaiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (officer under Hananiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (deputy or son of Ahaz of 2 Chr.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (governor of Jerusalem); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest of the family of Jeshua); Maasheiah or Asaiah (member of the priestly family of Harim); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest of the family of Pahhur); Maasheiah or Asaiah (member of the family of Pahath-moab); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Azariah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (person who stood at Ezra's right hand as he read the Torah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (Israelite who read the Torah in Hebrew); Maasheiah or Asaiah (a chief of the people and sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Baruch); Maasheiah or Asaiah (ancestor of Sallu); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest who played the trumpet in Neh.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest who took part in the dedication in Neh.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Zephaniah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Zedekiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Shallum);
Maaziah –
Maaziah (founder of division of priests in 1 Chr.); Maaziah (priest who sealed the covenant in Neh.);
Machir – Machir (son of Manasseh)**; Machir (son of Ammiel);
Magic – Ancient Mediterranean and Near East*; Old Testament**; New Testament and Early Christian Texts**;
Mahalalel or
Mahalaleel – Malalalel or Mahalaleel (son of Kenan); Malalalel or Mahalaleel (Judahite of the family of Perez);
Mahalath or
Basemoth – Mahalath or Basemoth (daughter of Ishmael); Mahalath or Basemoth (wife of Rehoboam); Mahalath or Basemoth (cryptic term in Psalms)*;
Mahath – Mahath (son of Amasai of 1 Chr.); Mahath (son of Amasai of 2 Chr.);
Mahlah – Mahlah (daughter of Zelophebad); Mahlah (child of Hammolecheth);
Mahli – Mahli (son of Merari); Mahli (son of Mushi);
Malachi, Book of or
Book of Malachi – Date*; Historical Background*; Authorship**; Genre*; Outline and Message**;
Malachi, Book of or
Book of Malachi – Outline and Message – 1:2-5 God's Love for Israel*; 1:6-2:9 Pollution by the Priests*; 2:10-16 Unfaithfulness within the Community*; 2:17-3:5 – Cleansing of the Community*; 3:6-12 Paying for Cultic Services*; 3:13-4:3 (3:21) Hope for the Community*; 4:4-6 (3:22-24) Living in the Community*;
Malchiah – Malchiah (father of Pashur); Malchiah (member of Judah's royal family in Jer.);
Malchijah – Malchijah (Gershomite Levite of 1 Chr.); Malchijah (descendant of Aaron of 1 Chr.); Malchijah (descendant of Purosh in Ezra); Malchijah (descendant of Harim in Ezra); Malchijah (son of Harim in Neh.); Malchijah (ruler of Beth-hakkerem); Malchijah (goldsmith in Neh.); Malchijah (man who stood with Ezra when he read the Torah); Malchijah (priest and signer of Ezra's covenant); Malchijah (priest in the choir in Neh.);
Malluch – Malluch (ancestor of Ethan in 1 Chr.); Malluch (of the sons of Bani); Malluch (of the sons of Harim); Malluch (priest involved in the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Malluch (one of the chiefs of the people who signed the covenant of Neh.); Malluch (priest who returned with Zerubabbel);
Manasseh – Manasseh (son of Joseph and Asenath)**; Manasseh (king of Judah)**; Manasseh (son of Pahathmoab); Manasseh (son of Hashum); Manasseh (son of Addi); Manasseh (husband of Judith);
Maon (place) – Maon (town in the hill country of Judah)**; Maon (now Khirbet el-Ma'in)*;
Mareshah (person) – Mareshah (son of Caleb); Mareshah (son of Laadah);
Mari – History**; Texts**; Relationship to the Bible**;
Mary – Mary (mother of Jesus)**; Mary Magdalene**; Mary of Bethany*; Mary the mother of James and Joseph*; Mary wife of Cleopas*; Mary the mother of John Mark*; Mary of Rome*;
Massa – Massa (son of Ishmael); Massa (term in Proverbs);
Matriarchs – Sarah**; Rebekah**; Leah and Rachel**;
Mattan – Mattan (priest of Baal); Mattan (father of Shephatiah);
Mattaniah – Mattaniah (last king of Judah); Mattaniah (of the sons of Heman); Mattaniah (ancestor of Jahaziel); Mattaniah (Levite of the time of Hezekiah); Mattaniah (of the clan of Elam); Mattaniah (of the clan of Zattu); Mattaniah (of the clan of Pahath-moab); Mattaniah (of the clan of Bani); Mattaniah (son of Mica or Micaiah); Mattaniah (grandfather of Hana ben Zaccur);
Mattathias – Mattathias (priest of the order of Jehoiarib); Mattathias (son of Absalom); Mattathias (son of Simon); Mattathias (envoy sent by Judas Maccabeus); Mattathias (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:25); Mattathias (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:26);
Mattenai – Mattenai (of the sons of Hashum); Mattenai (of the sons of Bani); Mattenai (of the priestly house of Joiarib);
Matthat – Matthat (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:24); Matthat (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:29);
Mattithiah – Mattithiah (son of Shallum); Mattithiah (Levitical gatekeeper in 1 Chr.); Mattithiah (son of Nebo); Mattithiah (Israelite who accompanied Ezra);
Mehetabel – Mehetabel (wife of Hadar); Mehetabel (ancestor of Shemaiah);
Mephibosheth – Mephibosheth (son of Saul)*; Mephibosheth (grandson of Saul)*;
Meraioth or
Meremoth – Meraioth or Meremoth (Levite descendant of Aaron); Meraioth or Meremoth (son of Ahitub); Meraioth or Meremoth (priestly family headed by Helkai at the time of Joiakim);
Merari – Merari (son of Levi)**; Merari (father of Judith);
Meremoth – Meremoth (son of Uriah); Meremoth (of the sons of Bani); Meremoth (son of Uriah, grandson of Hakkoz); Meremoth (priest who returned from exile);
Mesha (person) – Mesha (king of Moab)**; Mesha (son of Caleb); Mesha (son of Shaharaim);
Meshech – Meshech (son of Japheth); Meshech (son of Shem);
Meshillemoth or
Meshillemith – Meshillemoth or Meshillemith (father of Berechiah); Meshillemoth or Meshillemith (descendant of Immer);
Meshullam – Meshullam (grandfather of Shaphan); Meshullam (son of Zerubbabel); Meshullam (head of a Gadite clan in 1 Chr.); Meshullam (son of Elpaal); Meshullam (father of Sallu); Meshullam (son of Shephatiah); Meshullam (father of Hilkiah); Meshullam (father of Jahzerah); Meshullam (Kohathite appointed by Josiah in 2 Chr.); Meshullam ("leader" sent by Ezra); Meshullam (who opposed Ezra's policy of divorce); Meshullam (son of Bani); Meshullam (son of Berechiah); Meshullam (son of Besodeiah); Meshullam (who stood at Ezra's left hand during the reading of the Torah); Meshullam (priest who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Meshullam (chief of the people who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Meshullam (head of the priestly house of Ezra in Neh.); Meshullam (head of the priestly house of Ginnethon in Neh.); Meshullam (gatekeeper in Neh.); Meshullam (who was in the procession in Neh.);
Messiah – Eschatological Variety**; Common Themes**;
Mibsam – Mibsam (son of Ishmael); Mibsam (son of Shallum);
Mica – Mica (son of Mephibosheth); Mica (father of Mattaniah); Mica (Levite in the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Mica (father of Mattaniah and ancestor of Uzzi);
Micah – Micah (man in Judg.); Micah (son of Shimei); Micah (son of Meribbaal); Micah (son of Uzziel); Micah (father of Abdon); Micah of Moresheth;
Micah, Book of or
Book of Micah – Content**; Criticial Considerations**;
Micaiah or
Maacah or
Micah – Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (son of Imlah)**; Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (father of Achibor); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (wife of Rehoboam); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (official sent to teach Judah in 2 Chr.); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (ancestor of Zechariah)*; Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (trumpeting priest in Neh.); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (son of Gemeriah);
Michael – Michael (father of Sethur); Michael (Gadite in 1 Chr.); Michael (ancestor of Abihail); Michael (Levite ancestor of Asaph); Michael (descendant of Uzzi); Michael (of the sons of Beraiah); Michael (who joined David at Ziklag); Michael (father of Omri); Michael (son of Jehoshaphat); Michael (father of Zebediah); Michael (archangel);
Migdol – Migdol (town on the route of the Exodus); Migdol (town in Egypt in Jer.); Migdol (place in north Egypt);
Mijamin – Mijamin (leader of the sixth division of priest at the time of David); Mijamin (divorcing Israelite in Ezra); Mijamin (priest at the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Mijamin (chief of priests returning from exile in Neh.);
Mikloth – Mikloth (father of Shimeah in 1 Chr.); Mikloth (chief officer under Dodai the Ahohite);
Milcah – Milcah (daughter of Haran); Milcah (daughter of Zelophehad);
Millo – Millo (fortification or construction in Jerusalem at an unknown location)*; Millo (construction of Solomon)*; House of the Millo; Beth-millo;
Miniamin – Miniamin (Levite of 2 Chr.); Miniamin (priestly house in Neh.); Miniamin (priest and musician in Neh.);
Miriam – Miriam (prophetess of Exodus)**; Miriam (descendant of Ezrah in 1 Chr.);
Mishael – Mishael (son of Uzziel); Mishael (who stood at Ezra's left hand at the reading of the Torah); Mishael (alternate name of Meshach, companion of Daniel)*;
Mishma – Mishma (son of Ishmael); Mishma (son of Mibsam);
Mithredath or
Mithridates – Mithredath or Mithridates (treasure of King Cyrus of Persia); Mithredath or Mithridates (Persian official who opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem);
Mizpah or
Mizpeh – Mizpah of Gilead; Mizpah or Mizpeh (land or valley of Mizpah); Mizpeh of Judah; Mizpeh of Moab; Mizpah of Benjamin**;
Monotheism – Ancient Near East**; Ancient Israel*; New Testament*;
Mordecai – Mordecai (character in the Book of Esther)*; Mordecai (returning Israelite);
Moreh – Moreh (terebinth or oak tree near Shechem); Moreh (hill in the Jezreel Valley);
Mughara, Wadi el- or
Wadi el-Mughara – Mughara, Wadi el- or Wadi el-Mughara (on the western side of Mt. Carmel)*; Mughara, Wadi el- or Wadi el-Mughara (in the southwestern Sinai)*;
Music or
Musical instruments – Old Testament - bĕkōl ‘ăsê bĕrôšîm*; hālîl*; hăsōsĕrâ*; kinnôr*; mĕna‘an‘îm*; mĕsiltayim or selsĕlim*; nēbel or nēbel ‘āśôr*; pa‘ămôn*; šôpār*; qeren hayyôbēl*; tōp*; ‘ûgāb*; Daniel*; Collective terms*; Superscriptions to the Psalms*;
N
Naamah (person) – Naamah (daughter of Lamech); Naamah (wife of Solomon);
Naaman – Naaman (son of Benjamin); Naaman (son of Bela); Naaman (son of Ehud); Naaman (commander of the Aramean army in 2 Kgs.);
Nadab – Nadab (son of Aaron); Nadab (son of Jeroboam I); Nadab (son of Shammai); Nadab (son of Jeiel); Nadab (relative of Ahiqar);
Nag Hammadi – Discovery of the Codices*; Contents**; Significance for Ancient Religion and Philosophy**; Significance for the NT and Early Christian Literature**;
Nahash – Nahash (king of Ammon)*; Nahash (sister of Zeruiah);
Nahath – Nahath (son of Reuel); Nahath (descendant of Levi); Nahath (assistant of Hezekiah);
Nahor (person) – Nahor (son of Serug); Nahor (son of Terah);
Nahum – Nahum (1 of the 12 minor prophets); Nahum (father of Amos);
Names and
Naming – Types of Names*; Name-givers**;
Nathan – Nathan (son of David)*; Nathan (prophet at the time of David)**; Nathan (father of Igal); Nathan (father of Azariah); Nathan (son of Attai); Nathan (sent by Ezra to Iddo);
Nathanael – Nathanael (ancestor of Judith); Nathanael (priest in 1 Esd.); Nathanael (Israelite in the Gospel of John);
Neariah – Neariah (sonof Shemaiah); Neariah (son of Ishi);
Nebo (place) – Nebo (town allotted to Reuben); Nebo (town in western Palestine settled in postexilic period);
Nehemiah – Nehemiah (a leader of the return); Nehemiah (son of Hacaliah); Nehemiah (son of Azbuk);
Nehemiah, Book of or
Book of Nehemiah – Name and Canonical Setting*; Authorship*; Date and Place of Composition*; Sources**; The Order of the Reformers**; Nehemiah, the Person**;
Nekoda – Nekoda (head of returning family of temple servants); Nekoda (head of returning family unable to prove their Israelite ancestry);
Nemuel – Nemuel (brother of Dathan); Nemuel (ancestor of the Nemuelites);
Nepheg – Nepheg (son of Izhar); Nepheg (son of David);
Nethanel – Nethanel (son of Zuar); Nethanel (son of Jesse); Nethanel (one of seven trumpeting priests in 1 Chr.); Nethanel (father of Shemaiah); Nethanel (son of Obed-edom); Nethanel (officer of Jehoshaphat sent to Judah to teach); Nethanel (brother of Shemaiah); Nethanel (of the family of Pashhur); Nethanel (head of the family of Jedaiah); Nethanel (Levite singer at the dedication in Neh.);
Nethaniah – Nethaniah (father of Ishmael); Nethaniah (Levite of the line of Asaph in 1 Chr.); Nethaniah (Levite sent to Judah by Jehoshaphat); Nethaniah (father of Jehudi);
Nicanor – Nicanor (a commander sent by Lysius to Judah Maccabeus); Nicanor (one of seven overseers of food distribution in Acts);
Noadiah – Noadiah (son of Binnui); Noadiah (prophetess in Neh.);
Noah – Name*; Genealogy*; The Story of Noah**; Significance*; Later References*;
Nobah (place) – Nobah (region in Gilead); Nobah (city in eastern Gilead);
Numbers, Book of or
Book of Numbers – Name*; Structure*; Composition**; Historical Value*; Theological Themes**;
Numbers, Book of or
Book of Numbers – Theological Themes – Holiness*; Forgiveness*; Providence*;
O
Obadiah – Obadiah (steward of King Ahab's household)*; Obadiah (postexilic descendant of David); Obadiah (son of Izariah); Obadiah (son of Azel); Obadiah (Levite among the first returners to Jerusalem); Obadiah (Gadite who joined David at Ziklag); Obadiah (father of Ishmaiah); Obadiah (prince commissioned to teach in Judah); Obadiah (Merarite Levite of 2 Chr.); Obadiah (head of family of returners in Ezra); Obadiah (leader who sealed covenant of Neh.); Obadiah (gatekeeper in Neh.); Obadiah (Obadiah the prophet);
Obadiah, Book of or
Book of Obadiah – Text*; Style*; Composition*; Biblical Parallels*; Date and Historical Setting*; Structure and Genre*; Contents*;
Obed – Obed (son of Ruth); Obed (son of Ephlal); Obed (one of David's mighty men); Obed (son of Shemaiah); Obed (father of Azariah); Obed (son of Jonathan);
Obed-edom – Obed-edom (Gidite whose house David put the Ark in); Obed-edom (son of Jeduthun); Obed-edom (son of Korah); Obed-edom (custodian of temple treasures in 2 Chr.);
Oded – Oded (father of Azariah); Oded (prophet of Samaria in 2 Chr.);
Oholibamah – Oholibamah (wife of Esau); Oholibamah (chief of an Edomite clan);
Omer – Omer (unit of dry measure); Omer (sheaf of grain);
Omri – Omri (founder of Omride dynasty)**; Omri (son of Becher); Omri (Jerusalemite of 1 Chr.); Omri (Issacharite tribal leader of 1 Chr.);
Onam – Onam (Son of Shobal); Onam (son of Jerahmeel);
Palestine, Land or or
Land of Palestine – Physical Description – Coastal Plain**; Central Range**; “Rift” Valley**; Transjordan**;
Palestine, Land of or
Land of Palestine – Physical Description – Coastal Plain – Pheonicia**; Sharon Plain**; Philistia**;
Palestine, Land of or
Land of Palestine – Physical Description – Central Range – Lebanon*; Galilee*; Jezreel*; Samaria**; Jerusalem*; Mt. Judah*; Shephelah*; Wilderness of Judah*; Negeb**;
Palestine, Land of or
Land of Palestine – Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Beqa‘*; Mt. Hermon*; Hûleh Valley**; Sea of Galilee*; Jordan River*; Dead Sea*; Southern Arabah*; Reed Sea*;
Palestine, Land of or
Land of Palestine – Physical Description – Transjordan – Bashan*; Gilead*; Ammon*; Moab*; Edom*;
Palti or
Paltiel – Palti or Paltiel (son of Raphu); Palti or Paltiel (son of Laish);
Parosh – Parosh (Israelite ancestor of returners); Parosh (chief who sealed the covenant of Neh.);
Paseah – Paseah (priest and son of Malchiah); Paseah (head of priestly family of returners); Paseah (postexilic priest who attached his name to the covenant of Neh.); Paseah (son of Immer); Paseah (son of Malchiah);
Patriarchs – History and Genre*; Literary Considerations*; Theological Significance*;
Paul – Sources*; “Pre-Christian” Period**; Apostleship**; Later Writer**; Chronology*; Theologizer**;
Pedaiah – Pedaiah (maternal grandfather of Jehoiakim); Pedaiah (son of Jeconiah); Pedaiah (father of Joel); Pedaiah (son of Parosh); Pedaiah (man who stood at Ezra's left hand at the reading of the Law); Pedaiah (Benjaminite in Jerusalem in Neh.); Pedaiah (Levite appointed to administer tithes);
Pelaiah – Pelaiah (son of Elioenai); Pelaiah (Levite who interpreted the Law in Neh.);
Pelatiah – Pelatiah (son of Hananiah); Pelatiah (son of Jahi); Pelatiah (signer of the covenant of Neh.); Pelatiah (son of Benaiah);
Pelet – Pelet (son of Jahdai); Pelet (son of Azmaveth);
Pentateuch – Textual Transmission**; Literary Sources**; Unity and Diversity*;
Penuel – Penuel (son of Hur); Penuel (son of Shashak);
Persia – History – Early period**; Persian Empire**; Post-Achaemenid Persia**;
Peter, First Letter of or
First Letter of Peter – Recipients*; Author*; Purpose*; Form and Structure**; Theology*;
Peter, Second Letter of or
Second Letter of Peter – Literary Structure**; Literary Relationships**; The Opponents**; Theological Character*; Date*; Authorship and Pseudonymity**;
Pethahiah – Pethahiah (leader of the nineteenth priestly division at the time of David); Pethahiah (divorcing Levite of the time of Ezra); Pethahiah (Levite in the corporate confession of sins of Ezra); Pethahiah (son of Meshezabel);
Philadelphia – Philadelphia (city in the Roman province of Asia)**; Philadelphia (of the Decapolis, now Amman);
Philip – Philip II of Macedon; Philip V of Macedon; Philip the Phrygian (governor of Jerusalem); Philip the Tetrarch; Herod (Philip?), son of Herod and Mariamme II; Philip the Apostle**;
Phinehas – Phinehas (son of Eleazar); Phinehas (son of Eli); Phinehas (father of a postexilic priest in Ezra);
Phoenicia – People and Language*; Religion**; Society and Its Values*;
Phoenicia – Religion – Gods**; Temple**; Temple Personnel*; Daily Sacred Liturgy*; Sacrifice*; Child Sacrifice**; Death and the Underworld*;
Pottery – Ceramic Types – Pottery Neolithic Period (ca. 6000-4000 B.C.E.)*; Chalcolithic Period (ca. 4000-3300)*; Early Bronze Age (ca. 3300-2000)*; Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000-1500)*; Late Bronze Age (ca. 1500-1200)*; Iron Age (ca. 1200-586)*; Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine Periods (ca. 586 B.C.E.-640 C.E.)*;
Proverbs, Book of or
Book of Proverbs – The Individual Sections – 1:1-7*; 1:8-9:18*; 10:1-22:16*; 22:17-24:22*; 24:23-24*; 25:1-29:27*; 30:1-31:31*;
Ptolemy – Ptolemy I Soter; Ptolemy II Philadelphus; Ptolemy III Euregetes I; Ptolemy IV Philopator; Ptolemy V Theos Epiphanes; Ptolemy VI Philometor; Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator; Ptolemy VIII Euregetes II; Ptolemy IX Soter II; Ptolemy X Alexander I; Ptolemy XI Alexander II; Ptolemy XII Neo Dionysys; Ptolemy XIII; Ptolemy XIV; Ptolemy XV Caesar; Ptolemy (son of Dositheus); Ptolemy (son of Abubus); Ptolemy Marcon;
Puah – Puah (midwife of Exodus); Puah (father of Tola); Puah (descendant of Issachar);
R
Rabbah – Rabbah (city of Judah); Rabbah (modern Amman)**;
Raguel – Raguel (father of Sarah); Raguel (archangel);
Rahab – Rahab (prostitute in Josh.)*; Rahab (mother of Salmon); Rahab (dragon defeated by Yahweh in Job)*; Rahab (poetic name for Egypt);
Ram (person) – Ram (son of Hezron); Ram (son of Jerahmeel); Ram (ancestor of Elihu);
Ramah – Ramah (town allotted to Benjamin); Ramah (Ramah of the Negeb); Ramah (village near the border of Asher); Ramah (fortified city of Naphtali); Ramah (hometown of Samuel); Ramah (shortened form of name of Ramoth-gilead);
Ramoth – Ramoth (Ramoth in Gilead); Ramoth (Ramoth of the Negeb); Ramoth (levitical city in the tribal territory of Issachar);
Reaiah or
Haroeh – Reaiah or Haroeh (son of Shobal); Reaiah or Haroeh (son of Micah); Reaiah or Haroeh (temple servant, ancestor of returners);
Rechab – Rechab (son of Rimmon); Rechab (father of Jehonadab); Rechab (father of Malchijah);
Rehob (person) – Rehob (father of Hadadezer); Rehob (Levite who sealed the covenant of Neh.);
Rehob (place) – Rehob (place in extreme northern Canaan); Rehob (town allotted to Asher); Rehob (another town allotted to Asher); Rehob (principal city of the Beth-shean Valley);
Rehoboth – Rehoboth (well dug in Gesar in Genesis); Rehoboth ha-Nahar;
Rehum – Rehum (leader who accompanied Zerubbabel back to Judea); Rehum (Persian officer who wrote a letter to Xerxes); Rehum (son of Bani); Rehum (leader who signed a long petition in Neh.); Rehum (priest and Levite returner);
Rekem (person) – Rekem (one of five kings of Midian); Rekem (son of Hebron); Rekem (grandson of Machir);
Rephaiah or
Raphah – Rephaiah or Raphah (descendant of Zerubbabel); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Ishi); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Tola); Rephaiah or Raphah (descendant of Saul); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Hur);
Resurrection – Old Testament*; Intertestamental Literature*; New Testament**;
Reuel – Reuel (son of Keturah); Reuel (son of Esau); Reuel (father of Hobab); Reuel (father of Eliasaph); Reuel (son of Ibnijah);
Revelation – Old Testament*; Postbiblical Jewish literature**; New Testament*;
Revelation, Book of or
Book of Revelation – Genre*; Authorship**; Date*; Purpose and Setting*; Sources and Integrity*; Structure**;
Rezin – Rezin (last king of Aram before the fall to the Assyrians)*; Rezin (family in Ezra);
Rimmon (place) – Rimmon (city of En-rimmon); Rimmon (levitical city assigned to the Merarites); Rimmon (outcropping of rocks to which Benjaminites fled in Judg.);
Romans, Letter to the or
Letter to the Romans – Author, Date, Place*; Text*; Circumstances and Purposes**; Genre and Other Proposals*; Outline**; Reading Romans*;
Rome – Environment*; Origins to the End of the Monarchy (753-509 B.C.E.)**; Republic (509-27 B.C.E.)**; Empire (27 B.C.E.-476 C.E.)**;
Rufus – Rufus (son of Simon the Cyrene); Rufus (greeted by Paul in Rom. 16:13);
S
Sachar – Sachar (father of Ahiham); Sachar (son of Obed-edom);
Samuel, Books of or
Books of Samuel – Contents and Plot*; Text*; Authorship*; Succession Narrative*; Historical Reliability and Genre**; New Literary Criticism*; Canonical Shaping*; Post-Colonial Interpretation; Feminist, Racialist, Sexual Orientation Criticism*; Message**;
Sarah – Sarah (wife of Abram)**; Sara (daughter of Raguel);
Segub – Segub (son of Hezron); Segub (son of Hiel);
Seir (place) – Seir (plateau in Edom); Seir (mountain on the northern border of Judah);
Sela – Sela (site on the Amorite border); Sela (Edomite settlement conquered by Amaziah of Judah); Sela (place mentioned in Isa. 16:1); Sela (place named in Isa. 42:11);
Seleucus – Seleucus I Nicator*; Seleucus II Callinicus*; Seleucus III*; Seleucus IV Philopator*;
Seraiah or
Azariah or
Shavsha or
Sheva or
Shisha - Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (royal secretary under David); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (chief priest of the temple in 587/586 BCE); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Tanhumeth); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Kenaz); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Asiel); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (returner from exile); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (a priest who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (postexilic priest in Neh. 11:11); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (one of the “chiefs of the priest” in Neh. 12:1); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (official of King Jehoiakim); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Neriah);
Servant of the Lord – Second Isaiah**; Second Temple Judaism*; New Testament*;
Settlement: Archaeology – Conventional Models**; New Models**; Toward a Theological Rationalization?*;
Shaaph – Shaaph (son of Jahdai); Shaaph (son of Maacah);
Shaaraim – Shaaraim (town in the Shephelah lowland)*; Shaaraim (Negeb town in the allotment of Simeon)*;
Shallum or
Meshullam or
Shillem – Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (King who overthrew Zechariah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (husband of Huldah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (descendant of Judah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Josiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (descendant of Simeon); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Zadok); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Naphtali); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (returner and gatekeeper); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (father of Jehizkiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (divorcing levitical gatekeeper); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (of the sons of Bannui); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Hallohesh); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Col-hozeh); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (father of Maaseiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (uncle of Jeremiah);
Shamir (place) – Shamir (town of Judah); Shamir (town in Ephraim);
Shammah or
Shimea or
Shimeah or
Shimel or
Shammoth - Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (descendant of Esau); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (son of Jesse); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (of David's Mighty Men); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (Shammah of Harod);
Shammai – Shammai (son of Onam); Shammai (son of Rekem); Shammai (son of Mered);
Shammua or
Shemaiah or
Shimea – Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (son of Zaccur); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (son of David); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (father of Abda); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (head of family of Bilgah in Neh.);
Shaphan – Shaphan (son of Aziliah); Shaphan (father of Jaazaniah);
Shaphat – Shaphat (son of Hori); Shaphat (father of Elisha); Shaphat (son of Shemaiah); Shaphat (son of Abihail); Shaphat (son of Adlai);
Sharezer – Sharezer (son of Sennacherib); Sharezer (emissaries sent to Bethel in 518);
Shaul – Shaul (early Edomite king); Shaul (son of Simeon); Shaul (son of Uzziah);
Sheba (person) – Sheba (son of Raamah); Sheba (son of Joktan); Sheba (son of Jokshan); Sheba (son of Bichri); Sheba (descendant of Gad);
Sheba (place) – Sheba (town in Josh. 19:2-6); Sheba (country of Arabia);
Shebaniah – Shebaniah (trumpet blowing priest in 1 Chr.); Shebaniah (leader in praise and confession in Neh.); Shebaniah (postexilic priestly house led by Joseph at the time of Joiakim); Shebaniah (a Levite signer of the covenant in Neh.); Shebaniah (another Levite signer of the covenant in Neh.);
Shebuel or
Shubael – Shebuel or Shubael (Levite of the sons of Gershom); Shebuel or Shubael (son of Heman);
Shecaniah – Shecaniah (father of Shemaiah); Shecaniah (priest, head of the 10th division in 1 Chr.); Shecaniah (Levite under Hezekiah in 1 Chr.); Shecaniah (son of Jahaziel); Shecaniah (son of Jehiel); Shecaniah (father of Shmaiah, gatekeeper in Neh.); Shecaniah (son of Arah); Shecaniah (returning priest in Neh.);
Shechem (person) – Shechem (son of Hamor); Shechem (descendant of Manasseh); Shechem (son of Shemida);
Shelah – Shelah (son of Arpachshad or Arphaxad); Shelah (son of Judah the patriarch);
Shelemiah – Shelemiah (grandson of Asaph): Shelemiah (descandant of Bahi who married a foreign woman): Shelemiah (another descendant of Bani who married a foreign woman): Shelemiah (father of Hananiah): Shelemiah (priest Nehemiah put in charge of the temple storerooms): Shelemiah (son of Cushi): Shelemiah (man sent by Jehoiakim to arrest Baruch and Jeremiah): Shelemiah (father of Jehucal or Jucal): Shelemiah (son of Hananiah in Jer.):
Shelomith – Shelomith (daughter of Dibri); Shelomith (daughter of Zerubbabel); Shelomith (son of Shimei); Shelomith (son of Izhar); Shelomith (child of Rehabeam); Shelomith (son of Josiphiah);
Shelomoth – Shelomoth (son of Shimei); Shelomoth (son of Izhar); Shelomoth (sonof Zichri);
Shema (person) – Shema (son of Hebron); Shema (son of Joel); Shema (son of Elpaal); Shema (lay leader who stood at Ezra's right hand at the reading of the Law);
Shemaiah or
Shammua – Shemaiah or Shammua (Judean prophet after the death of Solomon); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Shechaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of the tribe of Reuben); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Hasshub); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Obadiah); Shemaiah or Shammua (descendant of Elizaphan); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Nethanel); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Obed-edom); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite sent by Jehoshaphat to teach in Judah); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Jeduthun); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite of the time of Hezekiah who helped distribute freewill offering and gifts in 2 Chr.); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of the Levites who helped contribute 5000 sheep and goats to an offering in 2 Chr.); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Adonikam); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of those who returned from exile); Shemaiah or Shammua (priest of the family of Harim in Ezra); Shemaiah or Shammua (Israelite from the family of Harim in Ezra); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Shecaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Delaiah); Shemaiah or Shammua (a priest who signed the binding agreement with Nehemiah and the leaders of the nation); Shemaiah or Shammua (leader of Judah who participated in the dedication of the walls in Neh.); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Mattaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite musician at the dedication of the walls in Neh.); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite who accompanied Nehemiah in the procession at the dedication of the walls); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Uriah); Shemaiah or Shammua (false prophet in Jer.); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Delaiah);
Shemariah – Shemariah (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Shemariah (son of Rehoboam); Shemariah (divorcing Israelite of the sons of Harim); Shemariah (divorcing son of Binnui);
Shemer or
Shomer – Shemer or Shomer (owner of a hill Omri purchased in 1 Kgs.); Shemer or Shomer (son of Mahli); Shemer or Shomer (Asherite in 1 Chr.);
Shemiramoth – Shemiramoth (harp player in 1 Chr.); Shemiramoth (Levite sent by Jehosphaphat to Judah);
Shemuel – Shemuel (representative of Simeon in the division of Canaan in Num.); Shemuel (son of Tola);
Shephatiah – Shephatiah (son of David); Shephatiah (anchestor of returning Benjaminite exiles); Shephatiah (Haruphite of the tribe of Benjamin in 1 Chr.); Shephatiah (son of Maacah); Shephatiah (son of Jehosphaphat); Shephatiah (ancestor of two groups of returning exiles); Shephatiah (servant of Solomon and ancestor of returners); Shephatiah (Judahite ancestor of Jerusalemites after the Exile); Shephatiah (prince of Judah in Jer.);
Sherebiah – Sherebiah (“man of discretion” in Ezra); Sherebiah (Levite interpreter of the Book in Ezra); Sherebiah (Levite who sealed the covenant in Neh.); Sherebiah (chief of returning Levites);
Sheth – Sheth (Hebrew spelling of Seth); Sheth (“sons of Sheth”);
Sheva or
Seraiah or
Shavsha or
Shisha – Sheva or Seraiah or Shavsha or Shisha (David's secretary); Sheva or Seraiah or Shavsha or Shisha (son of Caleb);
Shilonite – Shilonite (designation of the prophet Ahijah); Shilonite (gentilic designating a family of returnees);
Shimea or
Shammah or
Shammua or
Shimeah or
Shimei - Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (son of Jesse); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (son of David); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (Levite of the house of Merari); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (father of Berechiah);
Shimeah or
Shimea or
Shimeam – Shimeah or Shimea or Shimeam (son of Jesse); Shimeah or Shimea or Shimeam (son of Mikloth);
Shimei – Shimei (son of Gershon); Shimei (son of Gera); Shimei (son of Jesse); Shimei (leader of David's time who did not support the usurpation of Adonijah in 1 Kgs.); Shimei (son of Ella); Shimei (brother of Zerubbabel); Shimei (descendant of Mishma); Shimei (son of Gog); Shimei (Levite descendant of Merari); Shimei (son of Jahath); Shimei (Benjaminite in 1 Chr., probably an error for Shema); Shimei (one of six sons of Jeduthun); Shimei (Ramathite appointed by David over the royal vineyards); Shimei (Levite descendant of Heman); Shimei (brother of Conaniah); Shimei (Levite who sent away his non-Israelite wife and children in Ezra); Shimei (descendant of Hashum); Shimei (descendant of Binnui); Shimei (descendant of Kish);
Shimri – Shimri (son of Shemaiah); Shimri (father of Jediael); Shimri (son of Hosah); Shimri (descendant of Elizaphan);
Shittim - Shittim (last campsite of the Israelites before crossing the Jordan); Shittim (valley of Shittim);
Shobab – Shobab (son of Caleb); Shobab (son of David);
Shobal – Shobal (son of Seir); Shobal (son of Hur);
Shomer or
Shemer or
Shimruth – Shomer or Shemer or Shimruth (mother of Jehozabad); Shomer or Shemer or Shimruth (of the sons of Heber);
Shua – Shua (father of Judah's Canaanite wife); Shua (daughter of Heber);
Shuppim – Shuppim (son of Ir); Shuppim (levitical gatekeeper in 1 Chr.);
Shuthelah – Shutehelah (son of Ephraim); Shutehelah (son of Zabad);
Simeon – Simeon (son of Jacob)*; Simeon (great-grandfather of Judas Maccabeus); Simeon (Simon Maccabeus); Simeon (who prayed Nunc Dimittis in Luke)*; Simeon (ancestor of Jesus); Simeon (a prophet and teacher of the church at Antioch); Simeon (Hebrew equivalent of Simon);
Simon – Simon (high priest Simon the Just); Simon (Simon II, high priest); Simon (Simon the Benjaminite); Simon (Simon Thassi); Simon (Simon Chosamaeus); Simon (Simon Peter); Simon (Simon the Zealot); Simon (Simon, half brother of Jesus); Simon (Simon the Leper); Simon (father of Judas Iscariot); Simon (Simon of Cyrene); Simon (Simon the Pharisee in Luke); Simon (Simon Magus); Simon (Simon the Tanner in Acts); Simon (Simon bar Kosiba);
Sisera – Sisera (commander of Canaanite forces in Judgs.)*; Sisera (of the “sons of Sisera”);
Soco or
Socoh (place) – Soco or Socoh (city of the Shephaleh)*; Soco or Socoh (town of the hill country of Judah)*; Soco or Socoh (town listed as the center of Solomon's third administrative district)*;
Solomon – Kings**; Chronicles**; Early Interpreters*; History**;
Sosipater – Sosipater (captain under Judas Maccabeus); Sosipater (Jewish Christian in Rom.);
Sothenes – Sothenes (ruler of a synagogue in Corinth in Acts); Sothenes (called by Paul “our brother” in 1 Cor.);
Succoth – Succoth (first encampment of the Israelites on leaving Egypt); Succoth (place on the east side of the Jordan Valley);
Sur – Sur (an inner gate of Solomon's temple in 2 Kgs.)*; Sur (town on the Mediterranean coast in Jdt.);
Susanna – Susanna (of the apocryphal work of that name); Susanna (woman who supported the work of Jesus in Luke);
Symeon – Symeon (prophet and teacher of the church of Antioch in Acts); Symeon (another name for Simon Peter);
T
Tabeel – Tabeel (Samaritan official in Ezra); Tabeel (father of person whom the Syro-Ephraimite coalition planned to place on the throne of Judah)*;
Tabor – Tabor (Mount Tabor)**; Tabor (Oak of Tabor); Tabor (levitical city assigned to the Merarites);
Tahath (person) – Tahath (ancestor of Samuel); Tahath (son of Bered); Tahath (son of Eleadah);
Talmai – Talmai (one of the Anakim); Talmai (king of Geshur);
Tamar (person) – Tamar (daugher-in-law of Judah)*; Tamar (daughter of David); Tamar (daughter of Absalom)*;
Tamar (place) – Tamar (city “in the wilderness” in 1 Kgs.); Tamar (site marking the southeastern border of the restored, ideal Israel in Ezek.)*;
Tappuah – Tappuah (town in the northern Shephelah); Tappuah (town, also called En-tappuah, on the northern border of Ephraim); Tappuah (town in the territory of Tizrah);
Tarshish (person) – Tarshish (descendant of Javan in the Table of Nations); Tarshish (son of Bilhan); Tarshish (official of Persia or Media in Esth.)*;
Text of the Old Testament – Ancient Manuscripts – Qumran and Judean Desert – Qumran*; Judean Desert*;
Text of the Old Testament – Ancient Versions – Greek Versions*; Latin Versions*; Targums*; Samaritan Pentateuch*;
Text of the New Testament – History of the Discipline**; The State of the Text**; Methods of Textual Criticism**; The Text at the End of the Twentieth Century*;
Text of the New Testament – Methods of Textual Criticism – External Evidence**; Internal Evidence**; Intrinsic Probabilities*;
Text of the New Testament – Methods of Textual Criticism – External Evidence – Number of Supporting Witnesses*; Age of Supporting Witnesses*; Geographical Diversity of the Witnesses*; “Quality” of the Supporting Witnesses*;
Text of the New Testament – Methods of Textual Criticism – Internal Evidence – Transcriptional Probabilities*;
Tobiah - Tobiah (head of a family of returners); Tobiah (an opposer of Nehemiah's journey to Jerusalem);
Tobias – Tobias (son of Tobit); Tobias (landowner of the Maccabean period);
Tobijah – Tobijah (Levite sent by Jehosphaphat to Judea); Tobijah (descendant of Tobiah unable to authenticate his Israelite origin); Tobijah (repatriate from whom Zechariah was to collect gold and silver);
Tobit, Book of or
Book of Tobit – Story**; Literary Antecedents**; Date, Language, and Versions*; Themes**; Later Use of Tobit*;
Tola – Tola (son of Issachar); Tola (son of Puah);
Trade and commerce – Antiquity and Varieties of Trade**; Commercilization**;
Travel or
Transportation – Modes of Travel**; Rate of Travel**; Traveling Conditions*; Transportation**;
Ulam – Ulam (son of Sheresh); Ulam (son of Eshek);
Unni – Unni (levitical musician of 1 Chr.); Unni (returning Levite);
Uri – Uri (father of Bezalel); Uri (father of Geber); Uri (poxtexilic gatekeeper of Ezra);
Uriah – Uriah the Hittite*; Uriah (high priest under Ahaz); Uriah (prophet of the time of Jeremiah); Uriah (father of Meremoth); Uriah (who stood with Ezra at the reading of the Law);
Uriel – Uriel (chief of the Kohathite Levites in 1 Chr.); Uriel (resident of Gibeah in 2 Chr.); Uriel (archangel);
Uthai – Uthai (son of Ammihud); Uthai (returning head of the family of Bigvai);
Uz (person) – Uz (son of Aram); Uz (son of Milcah); Uz (son or descendant of Dishan);
Uzza (person) – Uzza (son of Gera); Uzza (ancestor of returning temple servants);
Uzzah – Uzzah (son of Abinadab); Uzzah (Levite of the family of Merari);
Uzzi – Uzzi (son of Bukki); Uzzi (son of Tola); Uzzi (son of Bela); Uzzi (father of Elah); Uzzi (son of Bani); Uzzi (head of Jedaiah's priestly lineage at the time of Joiakim); Uzzi (priest involved in the dedication of the walls in Neh.);
Uzziah – Uzziah (King of Judah)**; Uzziah (levitical priest in 1 Chr.); Uzziah (father of Jonathan); Uzziah (returning levitical priest, descendant of Harim); Uzziah (one of the 468 inhabitants of Perez who moved to Jerusalem); Uzziah (chief elder in the city of Bethulia);
Uzziel – Uzziel (son of Kohath); Uzziel (son of Ishi); Uzziel (son of Bela); Uzziel (son of Heman); Uzziel (son of Jeduthun); Uzziel (son of Harhaiah);
W
Walls – Wall types**; Evolution of City Walls**; Biblical References*;
Water – Physical Aspects**; Theological Importance**;
Water – Theological Importance – Cosmology*; Ritual**; Holy Spirit**;
Weights and measures – Linear**; Weights**; Area*; Dry capacity*; Liquid capacity*; Weights and measures in the Bible**;
Wisdom and
Wisdom literature – Wisdom Books*; Characteristics*; Ancient Setting**; Religious Values**;
Writing – Biblical Scripts**; List of Scripts of the Bible, the ancient versions and their antecedents**; Postbiblical scripts**; Prebiblical writing**;
Zabad or
Jozacar – Zabad or Jozacar (son of Nathan); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Tahath); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Ahlai); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Shimeath the Ammonite); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Zattu); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Hattum); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Nebo);
Zabbai – Zabbai (Israelite who had taken a foreign wife in Ezra); Zabbai (father of Baruch);
Zabdi or
Zichri or
Zimri – Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (ancestor of Achan); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (son of Shimei); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (Sphiphmite steward of David's wine cellar); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (son of Asaph);
Zabdiel – Zabdiel (father of Jashobeam); Zabdiel (son of Heggedolim); Zabdiel (Arab who decapitated Alexander Balas);
Zacchaeus – Zacchaeus (officer in the Maccabean army); Zacchaeus (tax official who climbed a tree to get a glimpse of Jesus)*;
Zaccur – Zaccur (father of Shammua); Zaccur (son of Hammuel); Zaccur (Levite of the Merarite line); Zaccur (son of Asaph); Zaccur (descendant of Bigvai); Zaccur (son of Imri); Zaccur (Levite who placed a seal on the new covenant of Neh.); Zaccur (father of Hanan);
Zadok – Zadok (high priest under David)**; Zadok (father of Jerusha); Zadok (son of Baana); Zadok (son of Immer); Zadok (a “leader of the people” who placed a seal on the covenant in Neh.); Zadok (scribe appointed by Nehemiah as a treasurer); Zadok (father of Achim);
Zalmon (place) – Zalmon (mountain in the vicinity of Shechem); Zalmon (mountain mentioned in Ps. 68:14);
Zanoah (place) – Zanoah (town in the northeastern Shephelah)*; Zanoah (town in the eastern hill country of Judah)*;
Zebediah – Zebediah (son of Beriah); Zebediah (son of Elpaal); Zebediah (son of Jeroham); Zebediah (son of Meshelemiah); Zebediah (son of Asahel); Zebediah (Levite sent by Jehoshaphat to Judah); Zebediah (son of Ishmael); Zebediah (son of Michael); Zebediah (descendant of the family of Immer);
Zeboim – Zeboim (valley in Benjamin); Zeboim (town occupied by the Benjaminites);
Zechariah – Zechariah (son of Jeroboam II); Zechariah (father of Abi); Zechariah (head of a family of Reubenites); Zechariah (gatekeeper of the time of David); Zechariah (brother of Ner); Zechariah (musician of the time of David); Zechariah (priestly trumpeter of 1 Chr.); Zechariah (son of Isshiah); Zechariah (son of Hosah the Merarite); Zechariah (father of Iddo); Zechariah (official of Jehoshaphat sent to teach in Judah); Zechariah (father of Jahaziel); Zechariah (son of Jehoshaphat); Zechariah (son of Jehoiada); Zechariah (instructor of Uzziah in 2 Chr.); Zechariah (levitical descendant of Asaph of 2 Chr.); Zechariah (levitical descendant of Kohath of 2 Chr.); Zechariah (priest who contributed animals for sacrifice in 2 Chr./1 Esdr.); Zechariah (head of the family of Parosh); Zechariah (head of the family of Bebai); Zechariah (leader of the Jewish exiles in Ezra); Zechariah (Judean who married a foreign wife in Ezra); Zechariah (leader who stood on the platform with Ezra during the reading of the Law); Zechariah (descendant of Perez); Zechariah (ancestor of Maaseiah); Zechariah (ancestor of Adaiah); Zechariah (priestly trumpeter in Neh.); Zechariah (son of Jeberechiah); Zechariah (prophet of the Book of Zechariah); Zechariah (father of Joseph); Zechariah (alternate name for Heman in 1 Esdr.); Zechariah (father of John the Baptist);
Zechariah, Book of or
Book of Zechariah – Zechariah 1-8 - Message – 1:7-6:15 – 1:7-17*; 1:18-21 (MT 2:1-4)*; 2:1-5 (2:5-9)*; 2:6-13 (2:10-17)*; 3:1-10*; 4:1-14*; 5:1-4*; 5:5-11*; 6:1-8*; 6:9-15*;
Zechariah, Book of or
Book of Zechariah – Zechariah 9-14 – Date and Historical Setting**; Author*; Message**;
Zechariah, Book of or
Book of Zechariah – Zechariah 9-14 – Message – 9:1-17*; 10:1-12*; 11:1-17*; 12:1-9*; 12:10-13:9*; 14:1-21*;
Zedekiah – Zedekiah (false prophet at the court of Ahab); Zedekiah (last king of Judah)**; Zedekiah (son of Josiah); Zedekiah (signer of the covenant of Neh.); Zedekiah (prophet Jeremiah accused of immoral conduct); Zedekiah (son of Hananiah); Zedekiah (ancestor of Baruch);
Zemaraim – Zemaraim (town in the tribal territory of Benjamin); Zemaraim (mountain in the hill country of Ephraim);
Zephaniah – Zephaniah (Kohathite Levite ancestor of Heman); Zephaniah (son of Cushi); Zephaniah (son of Maaseiah); Zephaniah (father of Josiah);
Zerah or
Zohar – Zerah or Zohar (son of Reuel); Zerah or Zohar (father of Jobab); Zerah or Zohar (son of Judah); Zerah or Zohar (son of Simeon); Zerah or Zohar (Levite descendant of Gershom in 1 Chr.); Zerah or Zohar (Kohathite Levite of 1 Chr.); Zerah or Zohar (Zerah the Cushite)*;
Zerahiah – Zerahiah (son of Uzzi); Zerahiah (man of the lineage of Pahath-moab);
Zeredah – Zeredah (place of residence of Jeroboam); Zeredah (place in the Jordan Valley);
Zibeon – Zibeon (father of Anah); Zibeon (son of Seir);
Zichri or
Zabdi – Zichri or Zabdi (son of Izhar); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Shimei); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Shashak); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Jeroham); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Asaph); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Shelomith); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Eliezer); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Amasiah); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Elishaphat); Zichri or Zabdi (warrior and Ephraimite of 2 Chr.); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Joel); Zichri or Zabdi (head of the priestly family of Abijah at the time of Joiakim);
Ziha – Ziha (head of a line of returning temple servants); Ziha (overseer of postexilic temple servants);
Zillethai – Zillethai (son of Shimei); Zillethai (Manassite leader who deserted David at Ziklag);
Zimri (person) – Zimri (son of Salu); Zimri (King of Israel); Zimri (son of Zerah); Zimri (father of Moza);
Ziph (person) – Ziph (descendant of Caleb); Ziph (son of Jehallel);
Ziph (place) – Ziph (town in the hill country of Judah); Ziph (town in the southern Negeb);
Ziza – Ziza (son of Shiphi); Ziza (son of Rehoboam);
Zohar – Zohar (father of Ephron the Hittite); Zohar (alternate name for Simeon's son Zerah); Zohar (alternate reading of Izhar son of Helah);
Zur – Zur (a king of Midian in Num.); Zur (son of Jeiel);
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible, Michael D. Coogan, editor in chief, Oxford University Press, 2011,
ISBN978-0-19-537737-8.
Major articles
2 pages or more
Acts*;
Acts of the Apostles* – Interpretation;
Amos* – Interpretation;
Andrew, Acts of or
Acts of Andrew*;
Apocalypses* – First Enoch; The First Christian Apocalypses; Cultural Contexts for the Apocalypses;
Apocrypha* – Old Testament; New Testament; New Testament – Extant Gospels;
Canon* - Hebrew Bible; Hebrew Bible – Process of Canonization; Old Testament; Old Testament – Religious History; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship; New Testament; New Testament – Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings; New Testament – Important Canonical Lists;
1 and 2 Chronicles* - Literary History; Literary Genre and Interpretation;
Clement, Letters of or
Letters of Clement*;
Colossians*;
1 Corinthians* – Interpretation; Interpretation – 7:1-16:12 Paul's Response to a letter from the Corinthian Church;
2 Corinthians* - Literary History; Interpretation;
Daniel and
Additions to Daniel* – Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Dead Sea Scrolls* - Description of Important Texts; Brief History of the Qumran Community; Significance; Significance – Early Christianity;
Deuteronomy* - Structure and Contents; Structure and Contents – Deuteronomy and the Covenant Code;
Didache*;
Ecclesiastes* – Structure and Contents;
1 Enoch* – The “Book of the Watchers” (1 Enoch 1-36); The History of Traditions about 1 Enoch;
Ephesians* – Authorship;
1 Esdras*;
2 Esdras* – Form and Function;
Esther and
Additions to Esther*;
Exodus* - Canonical Status and Location in the Canon; Authorship, Date, and Literary History; Historical Context; Interpretation;
Ezekiel* – Structure and Contents; Structure and Contents – II. Prophecies of Judgment; Interpretation;
Ezra and
Nehemiah* - Content and Structure; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”?;
Galatians*;
Genesis* – Structure and Contents; Dates of Composition, Historical Contexts, Literary History, and History in Genesis; History of Interpretation;
Gospels* - The Diversity of Gospels; The Literary Character of Gospels; The Literary Character of Gospels – Narrative Gospels; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels;
Ignatius, Letters of or
Letters of Ignatius*;
Isaiah* - Chapters 1-39; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 13-23: Oracles Against the Nations; Chapters 40-66; The Formation of the Book (with Special Reference to Chapters 1-2 and 32-29); Major Theological Themes; Reception History;
James*;
Jeremiah* - Structure and Contents; Interpretation – 21:1-29:32 Against the Jerusalem Leadership;
Job* - Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception;
Joel* – Structure and Contents;
John, Gospel according to or
Gospel according to John* - Interpretation;
1, 2, and 3 John or
1 John and
2 John and
3 John*;
Jonah*;
Joseph and Aseneth*;
Joshua* – Structure and Content;
Jubilees* - Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text;
Jude*;
Judges* – Dates of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Structure and Contents – B. The Heroic Anthology (Judg. 2:6-16:31);
1 and 2 Kings* - Authorship; Contents and Structure; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17); Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel – Contents; Contents and Structure – Chronology;
Nag Hammadi Library* - Discoveries; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts – Sethian Gnostic Thought;
Nahum*;
Numbers* – Dates of Composition and Historical Contexts;
Paul, Letters of or
Letters of Paul* - The Authentic Letters; The Disputed Letters;
Paul and Thecla, Acts of or
Acts of Paul and Thecla*;
Pesharim*;
Peshitta and Other Syriac Versions*;
1 Peter*;
2 Peter*;
Philemon*;
Philip, Gospel of or
Gospel of Philip*;
Philippians*;
Pilate, Acts of or
Acts of Pilate*;
Prayers and Hymns* - Prayers and Hymns in Narrative Contexts in the Hebrew Bible; Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians;
Proverbs*;
Psalms* - Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book; Literary History; Literary History – Gunkel's Basic Categories; Literary History – Post-Gunkel Approaches; Interpretation;
Pseudepigrapha* - Survey of Pseudepigrapha; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Revisions and Expansions of Biblical Material; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Apocalypses; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Testamentary Literature;
Rabbinic Literature* - Introduction; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture; New Testament; New Testament – Methodology;
Revelation* - Date of Composition and Historical Context; Interpretation; Reception History;
Romans*;
Ruth*;
Targumim* - Texts; Texts – The Pentateuch;
Testaments* – The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs; The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs – Date, Provenance, and Authorship; The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs – Form, Content, and Function;
Text Criticism* - Hebrew Bible; Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text; Hebrew Bible – The Septaugint and Its Versions; Hebrew Bible – The Septaugint and Its Versions – The Septaugint (LXX); Hebrew Bible – Other Versions of the Hebrew Text; Apocrypha; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals; New Testament; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts; New Testament – History of Editions;
1 Thessalonians*;
2 Thessalonians*;
Thomas, Gospel of or
Gospel of Thomas*;
1 Timothy*;
2 Timothy; [{Titus]];
Tobit*;
Translations, English or [{English Translations]]* -
Versions before 1611; Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions; An Overview of Modern Versions;
Acts – Acts as a Genre; Acts and Hagiography; Dating and Intertextuality; The Acts of Andrew; The Acts of John; The Acts of Paul; The Acts of Peter; The Acts of Thomas; Relevance of the Acts for the History of early Christianity; The History of Interpretation and Reception History;
Acts of the Apostles – Name of the Book; Authorship; Date and Historical Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Reception History;
Amos – Authorship and Composition; Historical Context; Structure and Stylistic Features; Reception History;
Andrew, Acts of or
Acts of Andrew – The Primitive Acts of Andrew, Later Versions, and Textual Transmission; Plot of the Fragment; Provenance of Acts of Andrew 's Thought;
Apocalypses – Daniel; Jewish Apocalypses of the First and Second Centuries C.E.; Related Literature; Reception and Influence;
Apocrypha – Old Testament – Genres; Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization; Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization – Reformation Era; Old Testament – Significance for Understanding Early Judaism and Early Christianity; New Testament – Extant Gospels - Marian Gospels; New Testament – Apocryphal Acts; New Testament – Apocryphal Acts – Historical Value; New Testament – Apocryphal Epistles; New Testament – Apocryphal Apocalypses; New Testament – Reception History;
Baruch – Content and Interpretation;
Bible – Origin of the Term Bible; Evolution of Bibles – Israelite Literature; Evolution of Bibles – The Example of Jeremiah; Evolution of Bibles – Jewish Textual Flourishing and Plurality; Evolution of Bibles – Ends and Beginnings; Evolution of Bibles – Technological Shift I: The Codex;
Canon - An Overview; Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon; Hebrew Bible – Different Canons; Hebrew Bible – History of Scholarship; Old Testament – Religious History – Jewish Tradition; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Early Christian Bibles; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Three-Stage Theory; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Criticism of the Three-Stage Theory; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – The Sadducees; Old Testament – Terms and Criteria; Old Testament – Terms and Criteria - Scripture, Bible, Canon; New Testament – Definition of Canon; New Testament – Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings – Gospels; New Testament – Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings – Paul's letters; New Testament – Disputed Texts; New Testament – Rationale for Inclusion and Exclusion of New Testament Books; New Testament – Later Discussions of Canon and “Canon within the Canon”;
1 and 2 Chronicles - Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Literary History – The Relationship between Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah; Literary History – The Original Extent of Chronicles; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Content; Literary Genre and Interpretation – The Chroniclers Agenda and His Essential Tendency; Literary Genre and Interpretation – History of Interpretation; Reception History;
Clement, Letters of or
Letters of Clement – Authorship and Context; Literary Structure and Contents; Interpretation;
Colossians – Authorship; Historical Context and Date of Composition;
1 Corinthians – Date and Historical Context; Paul in Corinth; Interpretation – 1:10-6:20 Paul's Response to Reports of Problems in the Corinthian Church; Reception History;
2 Corinthians - Structure and Content; Literary History – Reasons for Questioning the Literary Integrity; Literary History – Partition Theories; Literary History – Partition Theories – Mitchell; Literary History – Historical Reconstruction of the Relationship between Paul and the Corinthian Congregation; Interpretation - The Proem: Leitmotifs of the Letter (1:3-11); Interpretation - Pauls' Defense of His Apostolic Ministry; Interpretation - The Collection as a Symbol of the Unity of Jewish and Gentile Believers (2 Cor. 8-9); Interpretation - Paul's Attack on the Intruding Missionaries and His Preparation for a Third Visit (2 Cor. 10-13);
Daniel and
Additions to Daniel – Authorship, Dates of Composition, and Historical Contexts;
Dead Sea Scrolls - Brief History of the Discoveries; Description of the Finds; Description of the Finds – Provenance; Description of Important Texts – Biblical Texts; Description of Important Texts – Parabiblical Literature; Description of Important Texts – Commentaries; Description of Important Texts – Rules; Description of Important Texts – Texts Used in Worship; Brief History of the Qumran Community – Allusions to Historical Texts; Brief History of the Qumran Community – Physical Evidence; Brief History of the Qumran Community – The Essenes; Brief History of the Qumran Community – Early Reconstruction of the History; Brief History of the Qumran Community – Connecting the Essenes with the Site and the Scrolls; Significance – Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible; Significance – Early Judaism; Significance – Early Christianity – Sectarianism and Differentiation;
Deuteronomy - Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Dates of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Deuteronomy and Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty; Structure and Contents – The Decalogue; Structure and Contents – Deuteronomy and the Status of Women; Interpretation; Reception History;
Ecclesiastes – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Authorship: Traditional and Modern Views; Interpretation; Reception History;
1 Enoch – The Text of 1 Enoch and the Dead Sea Scrolls; Authorship and the Figure of Enoch; The “Book of Parables” (1 Enoch 37-71); The “Book of the Luminaries” (1 Enoch 72-82); The “Dream Visions” (1 Enoch 83-90); The “Epistle of Enoch” (1 Enoch 92-105);
Ephesians – Structure and Contents; Setting and Purpose; Theology;
1 Esdras – Interpolation of the Story of the Youths in the Narrative of the Return; Reordering the Narrative of the Return: Zerubbabel's Return History (Ezra 2:1-4:5//1 Esd 5:7-45) and the Complaint to Artaxerxes (Ezra 4:7-24//1 Esd. 2:15-25); The Reading of the Torah (Neh. 8:1-13//1 Esd. 9:36-55) and the Omission of Nehemiah's Memoirs;
Esther and
Additions to Esther – Canonical Status; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s); Literary History; Structure and Contents; Outline; Interpretation; Greek Additions to Esther: Structure and Contents; Greek Additions to Esther: Structure and Contents – Discussion of the Greek Additions;
Exodus – Canonical Status and Location in the Canon – Exodus and the Former Prophets; Canonical Status and Location in the Canon – Exodus and Genesis; Authorship, Date, and Literary History – The Identification of the J Source; Authorship, Date, and Literary History – The P Literature; Structure and Contents; Interpretation – The Setting; Interpretation – The Characters; Interpretation – The Conflict; Interpretation – The Revelation; Reception History;
Ezekiel – Name of Book and Meaning; Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s); Literary History; Structure and Contents – III.. Prophecies Against Foreign Nations; Structure and Contents – IV. Prophecies of Salvation; Reception History;
Ezra and
Nehemiah - Versions, Place in the Canons, and Date; Content and Structure – The Textualization of the Tradition; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – What Was the Conflict with the People of the Land and the Crisis of “Mixed Marriages”?; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – What Was Ezra's “Torah”?; Scholarly Reception of Ezra-Nehemiah;
Galatians – Date of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Interpretation History; Interpretation History – 2. The Purpose and End of the Law; Interpretation History – 3. New Creation;
Genesis – Canonical Status and Location; Authorship of Genesis; Reception History;
Gospels - Euaggelion as a Literary Designation; Gospels by Analogy; Gospels by Analogy – Sayings Gospels; The Literary Character of Gospels – Sayings Gospels; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels – The Synoptic Problem; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels – John and the Synoptics; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels – The Gospel of Thomas;
Habakkuk – Date; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Hebrews – Authorship; Date and Historical Context; Structure; Interpretation; Reception History;
Hosea – Authorship; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s); Interpretation – Interpretations of the Book of Hosea; Interpretation – Hosea as Literature; Reception History;
Ignatius, Letters of or
Letters of Ignatius – Manuscripts and Authenticity; Major Themes of the Letters; Major Themes of the Letters – Discipleship and Martyrdom; Major Themes of the Letters – Unity and Schism; Major Scholarly Debates;
Isaiah - Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 3-5 and the Social Background; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 6-8 and Isaiah's Prophetic Biography; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 10, 28-31 and the Siege of Sennacherib; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah (;1-6 and Isaiah 11-12: Royal Announcements; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 24-27; Chapters 40-66 – Isaiah 40-48: Between Babylon and Persia; Chapters 40-66 – The Servant and the Servants; Chapters 40-66 – Isaiah 56-66: New Grace and New Judgment; Literary Features;
James – Authorship; Date and Historical Context; Interpretation;
Jeremiah - Background Information; Literary History; Interpretation; Interpretation – 1:4-19 Jeremiah's Commission and Inaugural Visions; Interpretation – 2:1-10:25 Oracles of Warning to Jerusalem; Interpretation – 11:1-20:18 Prophetic Laments and Sign-Acts; Interpretation – 30:1-31:40 The Book of Consolation; Interpretation – 32:1 -45:5 Struggles for Political Authority; Interpretation – 46:1-51:64 The Routing of Judah's Enemies; Reception History;
Jeremiah, Letter of or
Letter of Jeremiah* – Genre, Contents, and Interpretation;
Job - Authorship, Date, and Context; Structure and Contents – The Prologue; Structure and Contents – The Wisdom Dialogue; Structure and Contents – Job's Final Defense; Structure and Contents – The Divine Speeches; Interpretation – The Prologue: A Critique of Fear; Interpretation – The Wisdom Dialogue: The Clash of Incommensurable Perspectives; Interpretation – The Divine Speeches;
Joel – Interpretative Questions;
John, Gospel according to or
Gospel according to John - Authorship; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Contexts(s); Literary History; Outline; Interpretation – The Prologue as Conclusion (1:1-18); Interpretation – The Wedding Motif from Cana to Cana (2:1-4:54); Interpretation – Claiming Moses and Fulfilling Feasts (5:1-10:21); Interpretation – From Bethany to Bethany: The Temple Resolved (10:22-12:11); Interpretation – The Passion Week: The New Community as the Beloved Spouse (12:12-20:31); Reception History;
1, 2, and 3 John or
1 John and
2 John and
3 John – Dating and Sequence; Historical Context; Audience and Authorship;
Jonah – Structure and Contents; Interpretation and Reception; Interpretation and Reception – Theology and Justice;
Joseph and Aseneth – Contents; History of Scholarship;
Joshua – Authorship and Literary Affiliation; Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Interpretation; Historical Context; Reception History;
Jubilees - Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Alterations to Biblical Scenes and Characterizations; Jubilee's Responses to the Hellenistic-[Jewish] Context; Jubilean Halakah; Unity of the Book; Author and Date; Author and Date – The Argument for Qumranic Provenance; Text History; Text History – Literary Echoes; Text History – Status at Qumran and Elsewhere;
Jude – Interpretation;
Judges – Literary History; Structure and Contents – C. The Concluding Section (Judg. 17:1-21:25); Interpretation History; Reception History;
1 and 2 Kings - Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11); Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel – Perspective; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Judah; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Judah – Contents; Contents and Structure – The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 Kgs 18-25); Contents and Structure – The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 Kgs 18-25) – Contents; Contents and Structure – Language and Style; Contents and Structure – Reception and History;
Lamentations - Authorship; Dates of Composition and Historical Context;
Letters - Epigraphic Letters; Epigraphic Letters – Postbiblical Letters; Writing and Delivering a Letter; Writing and Delivering a Letter – Papyrus; Dictation, Transport, and Delivery; Terminology; Form; Form – B. Initial Greeting; Letters in the Hebrew Bible; Greco-Roman Letters; Greco-Roman Letters – Form; Letters in the New Testament; Letters in the New Testament – Greco-Roman Rhetoric and the New Testament Letters; Letters in the New Testament – Greco-Roman and Near Eastern Letters; Letters in the New Testament – Pseudonymity; Letters in the Apocrypha;
Leviticus – Authorship, Date, and Literary History; Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Interpretation – Sacrifice; Interpretation – Holiness and Commonness; Interpretation – Purity and Impurity; Interpretation – Priestly Outlook; Reception History;
Lost Books - Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament – Letters Attributed to Paul; Assessment;
Luke, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Luke – Manuscript Evidence and Earliest Attestation; Authorship; Sources; Structure and Genre; Interpretation – Salvation History; Interpretation – Rich and Poor in Luke; Interpretation – Women in Luke; Interpretation – Luke and Judaism; Reception History;
1 Maccabees – The Name of 1 Maccabees; The Canonical Status of 1 Maccabees; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents – Section 2 (chs. 3:1-9:22); Structure and Contents – Section 3 (chs. 9:23-16:24); Interpretation;
2 Maccabees – Canonical Status; Date and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Literary History; Interpretation; Jewish and Christian Reinterpretations; Later Reception History;
3 Maccabees – Authorship, Origins, and Date; Historicizing Fiction; Religious and Cultural Significance;
4 Maccabees – Structure and Contents; Interpretation;
Malachi – Canonical Status and Location; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Manasseh, Prayer of or
Prayer of Manasseh;
Mark, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Mark – Authorship; Literary History; Structure and Contents – 2. Jesus's Christological Identity; Reception History;
Mary, Gospel of or
Gospel of Mary – Attestation, Date, and Authorship; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation;
Matthew, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Matthew – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents – Narrative Section: Healings and Miracles (8:1-9:38); Structure and Contents – Second Discourse: On the Mission of the Twelve (10:1-42); Structure and Contents – Narrative Section: Growing Tensions and Conflicts (11:1-12:50); Structure and Contents – Third Discourse: Parables About the Kingdom of Heaven (13:1-52); Structure and Contents – Narrative Section: Messianic Claims and the Demands of Discipleship (13:53-17:27); Structure and Contents – Fourth Discourse: Rules for the Members of the Ekklēsia (18:1-35); Structure and Contents – Narrative Section: Teaching, Healing, and Conflict in Judea and Jerusalem (19:1-24:2); Structure and Contents – Fifth Discourse: The End of Time and the Final Judgment (24:3-25:46); Structure and Contents – The Passion and Resurrection: Narrative (26:1-28:20); Interpretation; Reception History;
Micah – Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation – Micah 1; Interpretation – Micah 2; Reception History;
Nag Hammadi Library - Discoveries – The Nag Hammadi Discovery According to James M. Robinson; Nag Hammadi Archaeology; Nag Hammadi Archaeology – Archaeology at the Jabal al-Tarif and Pbow; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts – Thomas Christianity; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts – Texts of Hermetic Religion and Other Texts; The Impact of the Nag Hammadi Library and Other Codices;
Nahum – Date; Literary Issues; Literary Issues – Nahum in the Wider Literary Context; Interpretation; Reception History;
Numbers – Authorship; Interpretation;
Paul, Letters of or
Letters of Paul - Authorship and Pseudonymity; History of Modern Research – Trends and Developments; The Authentic Letters – Romans; The Authentic Letters – First Corinthians; The Authentic Letters – Second Corinthians; The Authentic Letters – Galatians; The Authentic Letters – Philippians; The Authentic Letters – First Thessalonians; The Authentic Letters – Philemon; The Disputed Letters – Ephesians; The Disputed Letters – Colossians; The Disputed Letters – Second Thessalonians; The Pseudonymous Letters; The Pseudonmyous Letters – The Pastoral Letters (1 and 2 Timothy, Titus);
Paul and Thecla, Acts of or
Acts of Paul and Thecla – Relation to Canonical Books; Literary History; Contents;
Pesharim* - “Continuous Pesharim”; “Thematic” Pesharim;
Peshitta and Other Syriac Versions – Origin and Dating of the Old Testament Peshitta; Scholarly Significance of the Old Testament Peshitta; Editions and Translations of the Old Testament Peshitta;
1 Peter – Interpretation;
2 Peter – Interpretation;
Philemon – The Traditional Interpretation Challenged: Reassessing Onesimus;
Philip, Gospel of or
Gospel of Philip – Location in Early Christianity; Theological Ideas; Key Figures;
Philippians – Date(s) of Composition and Historical Contexts; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation;
Pilate, Acts of or
Acts of Pilate – The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate; The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – Contents; The Middle Ages;
Prayers and Hymns - Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians – Prayers and Hymns from the Dead Sea Scrolls; Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians – Prayers and Hymns from the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha; Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians – Prayers and Hymns in Early Christian Writings;
Proverbs – Dates of Composition and Historical Context(s); Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Psalms - Authorship; Structure and Compilation of the Book; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Genre Headings; Literary History – A Puzzling Problem;
Pseudepigrapha – The Term and the Collection; Jewish or Christian Origin?; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Apologetic, Wisdom, and Philosophical Texts; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Edifying Tales and Romances; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Liturgical Texts; The Significance of the Pseudepigrapha;
Rabbinic Literature - Introduction – The Documents of Rabbinic Literature; Introduction – The Mishnah; Introduction – The Post-Mithnaic Legal Literature: The Tosefta and Talmuds; Introduction – Scripture and the Exegetical Tradition of the Written Torah; Introduction – The Rabbinic Literature as Oral Torah; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – The Rabbinic “Canon” of the Bible; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – The Form “Midrash”; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – The Origins and Many Purposes of Midrash; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – Midrash Halakah and Midrash Haggadah; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – Rabbinic and Patristic Interpretations of Scripture: Schools, Common Features, and the Question of Interaction; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Hermeneutics and Hellenistic Parallels; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Hermeneutics and Hellenistic Parallels – The Seven Rules of Hillel and the Thirteen Rules of Rabbi Ishmael; New Testament – Methodology – Recent Developments; New Testament – Jewish Law before the Halakah; New Testament – Exegetical Principles; New Testament – Midrashic Parallels; New Testament – Anti-Christian Polemic;
Revelation - Interpretation – Vision of the Heavenly Throne Room and the Seven Seals (4:1-8:5); Interpretation – The Seven Trumpets (8:6-11:19); Interpretation – Unnumbered Visions of Conflict, Deliverance, and Judgment (12:1-15:4); Interpretation – Vision of the Fall of Babylon (17:1-19:10); Interpretation – Unnumbered Visions Cataloging God's Defeat of His Enemies (19:11-21:8); Interpretation – Epilogue and Epistolary Closing (22:8-21);
Romans – Historical Context; Occasion and Purpose; Structure of the Letter; Interpretation; Reception;
Ruth – Names; Author; Historical Context and Date of Composition; Structure and Contents; Reception History;
1 and 2 Samuel – Canonical Status; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Contents – Samuel; Structure and Contents – Saul; Structure and Contents – David; Structure and Contents – Women; Interpretation;
Septaugint and Other Ancient Greek Translations – Sequence of the Books; Original Form, Jewish Background, Place, and Date; Evidence; Evidence – Direct Witnesses; Exegesis; Hebrew Source of the LXX; Greek and Hebrew Scrolls from the Judean Desert; Revisions of the Septaugint; The Greek Versions and Christianity; The Greek Versions and Christianity – Quotations of the LXX in the NT;
Shepherd of Hermas – Authorship and Date; Genre, Structure, and Contents; Interpretation;
Sirach – Canonical Status; Textual and Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation;
Song of Solomon – Authorship, Date of Composition, and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Song of Solomon – Authorship, Date of Composition, and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Targumim - Early Written Targumim; Texts – The Pentateuch – Onkelos; Texts – The Pentateuch – Pseudo-Jonathan; Texts – The Pentateuch – The Cairo Genizah Fragments of the Palestinian Targum; Texts – The Pentateuch – The Fragment Targums of the Pentateuch; Texts – The Pentateuch – Codex Neofiti 1; Texts – The Prophets; Texts – The Writings; Texts – The Writings – Lamentations; Texts – The Writings – Canticles; Chief Targumic Themes; Genres; Connections of Targums with Other Topics;
Testaments – The Testament of Moses; The Vision of Amram; The Testament of Job; Other “Testamentary” Literature;
Text Criticism - Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text – The Masoretic Text (MT); Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text – The Samaritan Pentateuch (SP); Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text – The Qumran Scrolls; Hebrew Bible – The Septaugint and Its Versions – The Old Latin (OL); Hebrew Bible – The Septaugint and Its Versions – The Syro-Hexapla; Hebrew Bible – Other Versions of the Hebrew Text – The Targumim; Hebrew Bible – Other Versions of the Hebrew Text – Peshitta; Hebrew Bible – Other Versions of the Hebrew Text – The Vulgate; Apocrypha – Modern Study; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Sirach; Apocrypha – Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain; Apocrypha – Reception History; New Testament – Witnesses; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127); New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321); New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions; New Testament – Witnesses – Patristic Citations; New Testament – Principles of Criticism; New Testament - Principles of Criticism – Internal; New Testament – Illustrative Variants; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – First Timothy 3:16;
1 Thessalonians – Interpretation; Reception;
2 Thessalonians – Content and Structure; Literary Relationship Between 1 and 2 Thessalonians; Authorship and Date of Composition; Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity; Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity – Contradictory Eschatological Discourses; Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Authenticity;
Thomas, Gospel of or
Gospel of Thomas – The Gospel of Thomas in Early Christianity; Authorship and Place of Origin; Structure and Organization; Sources of the Gospel; Difficulties of Interpretation; The Dependence or Independence Debate; The Thomasine Community;
1 Timothy – Authorship and Genre; Audience, Contents, and Interpretation;
Tobit – Text; Literary Character; Literary Character – Tobit and Reader Engagement; Reception History;
Translations, English or
English Translations - Versions before 1611 – The Wycliffe Bible; Versions before 1611 – Tyndale's Version (New Testament; 1526-1534); Versions before 1611 – The Rheims-Douay Bible, or Douay-Rheims Bible (1582-1609); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The Authorized (King James) Version (1611); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The Revised Version (1885); Modern Pioneers; Translation Theory and Bible Translation;
Wisdom of Solomon – Contents and Structure; Language, Provenance, and Date; Genre and Purpose; Theology; Formative Influences; Reception and Canonical Status;
Zechariah – Date of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Zephaniah – Historical Context;
Minor articles
1 or 2 paragraphs under 1 column
Acts – The Acts of Philip;
Acts of the Apostles – Canonical Status;
Andrew, Acts of or
Acts of Andrew – The Apostle Andrew; Reconstruction of the Primitive Acts of Andrew; Acts of Andrew Fragment in the Vatican Museum; Message of the Fragment; Date and Place of Composition;
Apocalypses – Earliest Apocalypses;
Apocrypha – Old Testament – Genres – Histories; Old Testament – Genres – Poetic Books; Old Testament – Genres – Prophetic Books; Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization – Jewish Community; Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization – Early Christians; Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization – Orthodox; New Testament – Agrapha; New Testament – Lost Gospels; New Testament – Extant Gospels - The Gospel of Thomas; New Testament – Extant Gospels - Stories about Jesus' Birth; New Testament – Extant Gospels - Gospels of Jesus' Childhood; New Testament – Extant Gospels - Passion Gospels; New Testament – Extant Gospels - The Descent to the Underworld; New Testament – Extant Gospels - Pilate; New Testament – Assumption of Mary;
Baruch – Authorship and Literary History;
Bible – Origin of the Term Bible – Plural to Singular, and Sacred; Origin of the Term Bible – Related Terms; Evolution of Bibles – Technological Shift II:Printing; A Ongoing Evolution and Legacy;
Canon – Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon – Torah; Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon – Prophets; Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon – Writings; Hebrew Bible – Process of Canonization – Septaugint or LXX; Hebrew Bible – Process of Canonization – Qumran; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Catholic Tradition; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Protestant Tradition; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Protestants and the Apocrypha; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Significance; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Johann Salomo Semler (1725-1791); Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – An Alternative Approach; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Dead Sea Scrolls; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – A First Century C.E. Canon; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Alexandrian Canon Hypothesis; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – “Council” of Jamnia Myth; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Assessment; Old Testament – Terms and Criteria - “Canon 1” and “Canon 2”; New Testament – Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings – Remaining Writings;
1 and 2 Chronicles – Authorship; Literary Genre and Interpretation – Is Chronicles Intended to Replace Samuel-Kings?;
Clement, Letters of or
Letters of Clement – Literary Structure and Contents – Contents of 1 Clement; Literary Structure and Contents – Contents of 2 Clement; Interpretation – Keys to 1 Clement; Interpretation – Keys to 2 Clement; Reception History;
Colossians – Canonical Status; Structure and Content; Interpretation; Reception History;
1 Corinthians – Authorship; Structure and Outline of 1 Corinthians; Interpretation – 1:1-9 Opening Greeting and Thanksgiving; Interpretation – 16:5-24 Conclusion: Travel Plans, Exhortation, and Final Greetings;
2 Corinthians – Literary History – Partition Theories – The Semler-Windisch- and the Hausrath-Kennedy-Hypothesis; Literary History – Partition Theories – The Weiss-Bultmann Hypothesis; Literary History – Partition Theories – The Bornkamm-Schmithals-Hypothesis; Interpretation - Paul and His Congregation 1: Events Ensuring from the Intermediate Visit (1:12-2:13); Interpretation – Paul's Defense of His Apostolic Ministry – Paul's Ministry of a New Covenant (2:14-4:6); Interpretation – Paul's Defense of His Apostolic Ministry – Apostolic Afflictions, Divine Preservation, and the Hope for Resurrection (4:7-5:10); Interpretation – Paul's Defense of His Apostolic Ministry – Paul's Ministry of Reconciliation (5:11-6:10) and His Appeal for Reconciliation (6:11-7:4); Interpretation - Paul and His Congregation II: Paul's Joy at the Repentance of the Corinthians (7:5-16); Assessment;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Brief History of the Discoveries – Notable Caves; Brief History of the Discoveries – Publication Process; Description of the Finds – Nomenclature for Scrolls; Description of the Finds – Genres; Description of Important Texts – 4QMMT; Description of Important Texts – Wisdom Texts; Description of Important Texts – Eschatological Texts; Description of Important Texts – Non-literary Texts; Brief History of the Qumran Community – Written Evidence; Description of the Sect; Significance – Early Christianity – Attitude to Scripture; Significance – Early Christianity – The Law; Significance – Early Christianity – Immersion for Purification; Significance – Early Christianity – Eschatology; Significance – Early Christianity – Son of Man; Significance – Early Christianity – Kingdom of God; Significance – Early Christianity – Miracles; Significance – Early Christianity – Mystery; Significance – Early Christianity – Dualism; Significance – Early Christianity – Devotion; Significance – Early Christianity – Leadership; Significance – Early Christianity – Community Property; Significance – Early Christianity – Women; Significance – Early Christianity – Melchizedek; Significance – Early Christianity – Calendar; Significance – Early Christianity – Ritual Meal;
Deuteronomy – Name of the Book and Its Meaning; Authorship; Deuteronomy and Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty – Other Literary Influences;
Didache – Name; Canonical and/or Noncanonical Status; Authorship and Date; Edition, Translations, and Commentaries; Structure and Contents; Interpretations and Open Questions; New Required Research;
Ephesians – Contribution;
1 Esdras – The Abrupt Opening and Ending; A Mixture of Genres; Juxtaposition of Alternative Narratives and Chronological Confusion; First Esdras as a Whole – Title, Structure, and Concept;
2 Esdras – Canonicity; Language, Date, and Provenance; Reception History; Fifth Ezra and 6 Ezra;
Esther and
Additions to Esther – Authorship; Greek Additions to Esther: Structure and Contents – Outline of the Greek Additions to Esther; Reception History;
Exodus – Canonical Status and Location in the Canon – Exodus and Deuteronomy; Authorship, Date, and Literary History – The Identification of the E Source; Interpretation – The Journey; Interpretation – The Sanctuary;
Ezekiel – Authorship: Traditional and Modern; Structure and Contents – I. Prophetic Call Narrative;
Ezra and
Nehemiah – Content and Structure – The Community as the Chief Protagonist of the Reconstruction; Content and Structure – The Expansion of the “House of God” to Encompass the People and City, Not Only the Temple; Content and Structure – Structure; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”? - Royal Edicts and Correspondence; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”? - Nehemiah Memoir; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”? - Ezra Memoir and Ezra “Source”; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”? - The Lists; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – What Is the Compositional History of Ezra-Nehemiah?; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – What Was the Relationship between Samaria and Yehud/Judah?; The Impact of Ezra/Nehemiah;
Galatians – Interpretation History – 1. The Antioch Incident;
Genesis – Name of Book;
Gospels – The Diversity of Gospels – Narrative Gospels; The Diversity of Gospels – Passion Gospels; The Diversity of Gospels – Sayings Gospels; The Diversity of Gospels – Post-Resurrection Dialogues; The Diversity of Gospels – Theological Tractates; The Diversity of Gospels – Other Gospels; Gospels by Analogy – Narrative Gospels; Gospels by Analogy – Passion and Infancy Gospels; Gospels by Analogy – Dialogue/Discourse Gospels; The Literary Character of Gospels – Dialogue Gospels; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels – Jewish-Christian gospels; Prospects;
Habakkuk – Canonical Status; Authorship;
Haggai – Name; Canonical Status and Location; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Hebrews – Name; Canonical Status; Literary History;
Hosea – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Literary History; Textual Difficulties; Structure;
Ignatius, Letters of or
Letters of Ignatius – Major Themes of the Letters – Jewish/Gentile Relations; Major Scholarly Debates – Situation Reflected: Antioch or Western Asia Minor?; Major Scholarly Debates – Situation in Antioch; Major Scholarly Debates – Opponents; Other Matters;
Isaiah – Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 1-2 as Overtures; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 9 and the Fall of Samaria;
James – Literary Genre; Structure and Contents; Reception History;
Jeremiah – Interpretation – 1:1-3 Historical Superscription; Interpretation – 52:1-34 The Destruction of Jerusalem;
Jeremiah, Letter of or
Letter of Jeremiah – Authorship, Date, and Language;
Job – Outline; Structure and Contents – The Wisdom Poem; Structure and Contents – Elihu's Speeches; Structure and Contents – The Epilogue; Interpretation – Job 28: Wisdom as the Missing Piece;
Joel – Canon and Text; Joel, Person and Name; Structure and Contents – Calls to Respond to Disasters: Joel 1:2-13; Structure and Contents – Prophetic Responses: Joel 1:15-20; Structure and Contents – Invaders Revisited: Joel 2:1-11; Structure and Contents – Prophetic Address: Joel 2:12-17; Structure and Contents – God's Answer: Joel 2:18-27; Structure and Contents – Universal Prophecy: Joel 2:28-32 (Joel 3); Structure and Contents – The Final Battle: Joel 3:1-21 (Heb. 4:1-21); Subsequent Influence;
John, Gospel according to or
Gospel according to John – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Interpretation – Seeking and Finding Community (1:19-51); Interpretation – “That You Might Continue to Believe”: The Living Bridegroom (20:1-31); Interpretation – The Epilogue: The Community Moves Forward (21:1-25);
1, 2, and 3 John or
1 John and
2 John and
3 John – Composition and Structure; Purpose of Writing; Reception and Influence;
Jonah – Structure and Contents – Inner-Biblical Allusions in Jonah; Structure and Contents – Humor in Jonah;
Joseph and Aseneth – Interpretation;
Jubilees – Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Contemporary Cultural Influences; Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Halakah; Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Apocalyptic Features; Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Poetics; Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Distrinctive Features of Jubilees;
Jude – Canonical Status; Authorship; Date and Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Reception History;
Judges – Title; Date; Place in Canon; Authorship; Literary History – The Book of Rescuers (Judg. 3:12-8:28); Literary History – “Chapter Two” of the Deuteronomic History (Judg. 2:6-16:11); Literary History – The Scroll of Judges (Judg. 1-21); Structure and Contents – A. The Introductory Section (Judg. 1:1-2:5);
1 and 2 Kings – Name, Place in Canon; Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11) – Sources; Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11) – Perspective; Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11) – Contents; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel – Sources; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Judah – Sources; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Judah – Perspective; Contents and Structure – The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 Kgs 18-25) – Sources; Contents and Structure – The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 Kgs 18-25) – Perspective; Contents and Structure – Historicity;
Lamentations – Location in Canon; Textual History; Genre; Poetry and Major Themes; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation – Lamentations 1-2; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation – Lamentations 3; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation – Lamentations 4; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation – Lamentations 5; Reception History;
Letters – Epigraphic Letters – Arad; Epigraphic Letters – Lachish; Epigraphic Letters – Other Hebrew Sources from the Biblical Period; Epigraphic Letters – Elephantine; Epigraphic Letters – Postbiblical Letters – Qumran; Epigraphic Letters – Postbiblical Letters – Masada; Epigraphic Letters – Postbiblical Letters – Bar Kochba; Writing and Delivering a Letter – Leather; Writing and Delivering a Letter – Pottery (Ostraca); Writing and Delivering a Letter – Other Materials; Writing and Delivering a Letter – Inks; Literacy; Form – A. Initial Address; Form – C. Body; Form – D-F. Concluding Formulas; Form – G. Outside Address; Form – Example of an Epigraphic Letter; Letters in the Hebrew Bible – Definite References to Letters; Letters in the Hebrew Bible – The Aramaic Letters in Ezra; Letters in the Hebrew Bible – Probable Letters; Letters in the Hebrew Bible – Questionable Cases; Letters in the Hebrew Bible – Generically Marginal or Mixed Cases; Additional Literary Sources; The Literary Use of Letters;
Leviticus – Outline;
Lost Books – Sacred Writings and Canon; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Book of the Wars of the Lord (Num. 21:14); Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Book of Jaschar; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Annals of the Kings of Israel and Judah; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Book of Acts of Solomon (1 Kgs. 11:41); Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Chronicles; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Books Attributed to Prophets; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Laments; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Other Books; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament – Gospels; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament – Acts 19:19; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament – Agrapha; Other Christian Books;
Luke, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Luke – Attestation; Date; Location and Audience;
1 Maccabees – The Relationship Between 1, 2, 3 and 4 Maccabees; Structure and Contents – Section 1 (chs. 1-2);
2 Maccabees – Authorship; Setting of the Epitomist;
3 Maccabees – Transmission History;
4 Maccabees – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Reception History;
Malachi – Name; Literary History;
Mark, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Mark – Canonical Status and Location; Structure and Contents – 1. The Coming Kingdom of God; Structure and Contents – 3. The Incomprehension of the Disciples; Interpretation;
Mary, Gospel of or
Gospel of Mary – The Title of the Gospel; Reception History;
Matthew, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Matthew – Structure and Contents – Introduction, Part 1: The Infancy Narrative (1:1-2:23); Structure and Contents – Introduction, Part II: Prologue to Jesus' Ministry (3:1-4:25); Structure and Contents – First Discourse: The Sermon on the Mount (5:1-7:29);
Micah – Background Information; Interpretation – Micah 3; Interpretation – Micah 4; Interpretation – Micah 5; Interpretation – Micah 6; Interpretation – Micah 7;
Nag Hammadi Library – Discoveries – The Discovery of the Nag Hammadi Library according to Jean Doresse; Discoveries – The Discovery of Berlin Gnostic Codex 8502; Discoveries – The Discovery of Codex Tchacos; Nag Hammadi Archaeology – Archaeological and Historical Investigation in the Nag Hammadi Region;
Nahum – Authorship; Contents and Structure; Literary Issues – Genre; Literary Issues – Nahum as Poet;
Numbers – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Contents and Structure of the Final Composition; Reception History;
Paul and Thecla, Acts of or
Acts of Paul and Thecla – Authorship, Date of Composition, and Historical Context;
Pesharim -Other Occurrences of the Word “Pesher” and Commentaries;
Peshitta and Other Syriac Versions – Name; Origin and Dating of the New Testament Peshitta; Extent of the Peshitta; Scholarly Significance of the New Testament Peshitta; Other Syriac Versions of the Old Testament; Other Syriac Versions of the New Testament; Editions and Translations of the New Testament Peshitta; Legacy: The Bible of the Syriac Churches;
1 Peter – Canonical Status; Authorship; Date and Place of Composition; Literary History; Structure and Contents;
2 Peter – Canonical Status; Authorship; Date and Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Reception History;
Philemon – The Traditional Interpretation: Onesimus as a Runaway Slave from Colossae; The Traditional Interpretation Adapted: Onesimus as Bishop of Ephesus; The Enduring Appeal of Philemon;
Philip, Gospel of or
Gospel of Philip – Significance;
Philippians – Canonical Status; Authorship; Reception History;
Pilate, Acts of or
Acts of Pilate – The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – Manuscript Tradition; The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – A Consistent Account?; The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – Dating; The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – Milieu of Origin; The Middle Ages – Contents; The Middle Ages – Literary Descendants; The Middle Ages – Canonicity; The Middle Ages – Artistic Reception; The Middle Ages – Related Works;
Prayers and Hymns – Categorizing Prayers and Hymns;
Proverbs – Canonical Status and Location; Authorship; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 1-9: “The Proverbs of Solomon”; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 10:1-22:16: “The Proverbs of Solomon,” Part 2; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 22:17-24:22: “The Words of the Wise”; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 24:23-34; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 25-29; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 30: “The Words of Agur, Son of Jakeh”; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 31: “The Words of King Lemuel”;
Psalms – Position in the Canon; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Authorial or Pseudepigraphal Headings; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Historical Headings; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Headings for Liturgical Occasions; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Musical Headings; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Instructional Headings; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Hallelujah; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Technical Terms inside Psalms;
Rabbinic Literature – Introduction – The Midrashic Compilations; Introduction – Genesis Rabbah; Introduction – Leviticus Rabbah; Introduction – Pesiqta de Rab Kahana; Introduction – Song of Songs Rabbah; Introduction – Ruth Rabbah; Introduction – Lamentations Rabbah (also called Eikha Rabbati); Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Readings from the Bible in the Synagogue in Rabbinic Times; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Oral Torah; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – Targum; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – The Rabbinic View of the Bible and Its Effect on the Nature of Midrash; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – Prerabbinic Forms of Midrash?; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – The Three-part Tanak and Some Formal Characteristics of Rabbinic Midrash; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Hermeneutics and Hellenistic Parallels – The Methods of Midrash Haggadah;
Revelation – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Traditional and Modern Authorship; Structure and Contents; Interpretation – Title, Epistolatory Opening, and Introduction to the Visions (1:1-8); Interpretation – Vision of a “Son of Man” and the Messages of the Seven Churches (1:9-3:22); Interpretation – Seven Bowls (15:5-16:21); Interpretation – Vision of the New Jerusalem (21:9-22:7);
Romans – Authorship and Integrity of the Letter; Audience;
Ruth – Location in the Canon and Textual Evidence;
Samaritan Pentateuch – Qumran and the SP;
1 and 2 Samuel – Structure and Contents – Outline;
Septaugint and Other Ancient Greek Translations – Name and Nature; Scope; Original Form, Jewish Background, Place, and Date – Jewish Background; Original Form, Jewish Background, Place, and Date – Place; Original Form, Jewish Background, Place, and Date – Date; Evidence – Indirect Witnesses; Editions; Auxiliary Tools; Translation Technique; Retroversion of the Parent Text; Revisions of the Septaugint – Emergence of the Revisions; Revisions of the Septaugint – Nature of the Revisions; Revisions of the Septaugint – Pre-Hexaplaric Revisions; Revisions of the Septaugint – Kaige-Theodotion; Revisions of the Septaugint – Aquila; Revisions of the Septaugint – Symmachus; Revisions of the Septaugint – Hexapla; Revisions of the Septaugint – Post-Hexaplaric Revisions; The Greek Versions and Christianity – Terminology; The Greek Versions and Christianity – Theological Foundations;
Shepherd of Hermas – Canonical Status;
Sirach – Name of the Book; Authorship; Reception History;
Song of Solomon – Canonical Status and Location in Canon;
Targumim – The Origin of Targumim; Texts – The Pentateuch – The Palestinian Targums; Texts – The Pentateuch – Palestinian Targumic Toseftot; Texts – The Pentateuch – Liturgical Palestinian Targum-Inspired Poems; Texts – The Prophets – Jonathan; Texts – The Prophets – Targum Prophets Toseftot; Texts – The Writings – Job; Texts – The Writings – Psalms; Texts – The Writings – Proverbs; Texts – The Writings – Ruth; Texts – The Writings – Qohelet; Texts – The Writings – Esther; Texts – The Writings – Chronicles; Connections of Targums with Other Topics – The Syriac Pentateuch and the Targumim; Connections of Targums with Other Topics – Targumim: Interpretative Tradition. Origin in Synagogue or School?; Connections of Targums with Other Topics – Targumim and New Testament; Connections of Targums with Other Topics – Tell-like Structure of our Present Targumim;
Testaments – The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs – Original Language and Textual Witnesses; Reception History;
Text Criticism – Apocrypha – Aims; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Maccabees; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Baruch; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Wisdom of Solomon; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Esther; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Prayer of Manasseh; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Tobit; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Additions to Esther; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – First Maccabees; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – First-Second Esdras; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Additions to Daniel; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Psalm 151; Apocrypha – Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain – Judith; Apocrypha – Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain – Letter of Jeremiah; Apocrypha – Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain – Psalms of Solomon; New Testament – Terminology; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P45; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P46; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P47; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P52; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P66; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P72; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P75; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - (01) or Codex Sinaiticus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - A (02) or Codex Alexandrinus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - B (03) or Codex Vaticanus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - C (04) or Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - D (05) or Codex Bezae; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - D (06) or Codex Claromontanus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - F (010) or Codex Augiensis; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - G (012) or Codex Boernerianus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - L (019) or Codex Regius; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - W (032); New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - Δ (037); New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - Θ (038) or the Koridethi Gospels; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - 046; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 1; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 13; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 28; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 33; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 81; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 383; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 565; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 579; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 614; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 700; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 892; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 1241; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 1424; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 1739; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 2053; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 2344; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Lectionaries (2450); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Latin (latt); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Syriac; New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Coptic (co); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Armenian (arm); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Gothic (got); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Ethiopic (aeth); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Georgian (geo); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Old Church Slavonic (slav); New Testament - Principles of Criticism – External; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – Mark 10:7; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – Mark 16:9-20; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – John 1:18; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – John 7:53-8:11; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – Romans 5:1;
1 Thessalonians – Canonical Status and Location; Authorship; Date of Composition and Literary Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents;
2 Thessalonians – Content and Structure – Exordion (1:1-12); Content and Structure – Partitio (2:1-2); Content and Structure – Probation (2:3-3:5); Content and Structure – Exhortatio (3:6-15); Content and Structure – Peroratio (3:16-18); Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity – Literary Dependence; Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity – The Lack of Personal References; Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity – The References to Forgery in 2 Thess. 2:2 and 3:27;
Thomas, Gospel of or
Gospel of Thomas – Principal Themes; Debates within the Text;
1 Timothy – Context;
Tobit – Date and Place of Composition; Original Language; Sources; Main Themes;
Translations, English or
English Translations – Versions before 1611 – The Coverdale Bible (1535); Versions before 1611 – The Matthew's Bible (1537); Versions before 1611 – The Taverner's Bible (1539); Versions before 1611 – The Great Bible (1539); Versions before 1611 – The Geneva Bible (1560); Versions before 1611 – The Bishop's Bible (1568); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The American Standard Version (1901); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The Revised Standard Version (1952); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The New American Standard Bible (1971); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The New King James Version (1982); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The New Revised Standard Version (1989); An Overview of Modern Versions – A New Translation of the Bible (1926-1955) by James Moffatt; An Overview of Modern Versions – An American Translation (1927) by Smith and Goodspeed; An Overview of Modern Versions – The New Testament in Modern English (1958) by J. R. Phillips; An Overview of Modern Versions – The Jerusalem Bible (1966); An Overview of Modern Versions – The New English Bible (1970); An Overview of Modern Versions – The New American Bible (1970); An Overview of Modern Versions – The Good News Translation (1976); An Overview of Modern Versions – The New International Version (1978); An Overview of Modern Versions – Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures (1985); An Overview of Modern Versions – The New Testament and Psalms: An Inclusive Version (1995); An Overview of Modern Versions – The New Living Translation (1996); An Overview of Modern Versions – The English Standard Version (2001); An Overview of Modern Versions – The NET Bible (2005-print edition); An Overview of Modern Versions – The Contemporary Torah: A Gender-Sensitive Adaptation of the JPS Translation (2006); An Overview of Modern Versions – Common English Bible (2011); Modern Pioneers – The Five Books of Moses: A New Translation with Introductions, Commentary and Notes (1995); Give Us a King!: Samuel, Saul, and David (1999) by Everett Fox; Modern Pioneers – The David Story: 1 and 2 Samuel (1999); The Five Books of Moses (2004); The Book of Psalms (2007); The Wisdom Books: Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes (2010) by Robert Alter; Modern Pioneers – Restored New Testament: A New Translation with Commentary, Including the Gnostic Gospels Thomas, Mary, and Judas (2009) by Willis Barnstone;
Zechariah – Name; Canonical Status and Location; Authorship;
Zephaniah – Location in Canon; Textual Evidence; Contents and Structure; Reception History;
Acts – Acts as a Genre**; Acts and Hagiography**; Dating and Intertextuality**; The Acts of Andrew**; The Acts of John**; The Acts of Paul**; The Acts of Peter**; The Acts of Thomas**; The Acts of Philip*; Relevance of the Acts for the History of early Christianity**; The History of Interpretation and Reception History**;
Acts of the Apostles – Name of the Book**; Canonical Status*; Authorship**; Date and Historical Context**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
Amos – Authorship and Composition**; Historical Context**; Structure and Stylistic Features**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
Andrew, Acts of or
Acts of Andrew – The Apostle Andrew*; The Primitive Acts of Andrew, Later Versions, and Textual Transmission**; Reconstruction of the Primitive Acts of Andrew*; Acts of Andrew Fragment in the Vatican Museum*; Plot of the Fragment**; Message of the Fragment*; Provenance of Acts of Andrew 's Thought**; Date and Place of Composition*;
Apocalypses – Earliest Apocalypses*; First Enoch***; Daniel**; Jewish Apocalypses of the First and Second Centuries C.E.**; The First Christian Apocalypses***; Related Literature**; Cultural Contexts for the Apocalypses***; Reception and Influence**;
Apocrypha – Old Testament – Genres**; History of Composition and Canonization**; Significance for Understanding Early Judaism and Early Christianity**;
Apocrypha – Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization – Jewish Community*; Early Christians*; Reformation Era**; Orthodox*;
Apocrypha – New Testament – Agrapha*; Lost Gospels*; Extant Gospels***; Apocryphal Acts**; Apocryphal Epistles**; Apocryphal Apocalypses**; Assumption of Mary*; Reception History**;
Apocrypha – New Testament – Extant Gospels - The Gospel of Thomas*; Marian Gospels**; Stories about Jesus' Birth*; Gospels of Jesus' Childhood*; Passion Gospels*; The Descent to the Underworld*; Pilate*;
Apocrypha – New Testament – Apocryphal Acts – Historical Value**;
B
Baruch – Authorship and Literary History*; Content and Interpretation**;
Bible – Modern Usage**; Origin of the Term Bible**; Evolution of Bibles***; An Ongoing Evolution and Legacy*;
Bible – Origin of the Term Bible – Plural to Singular, and Sacred*; Related Terms*;
Bible – Evolution of Bibles – Israelite Literature**; The Example of Jeremiah**; Jewish Textual Flourishing and Plurality**; Ends and Beginnings**; Technological Shift I: The Codex**; Technological Shift II:Printing*;
C
Canon – An Overview**; Hebrew Bible***; Old Testament***; New Testament***;
Canon – Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon**; Different Canons**; Process of Canonization***; History of Scholarship**;
Canon – Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon – Torah*; Prophets*; Writings*;
Canon – Hebrew Bible – Process of Canonization – Septaugint or LXX*; Qumran*;
Canon – Old Testament – Religious History***; Critical Scholarship***; Terms and Criteria**;
Canon – Old Testament – Religious History – Jewish Tradition**; Christian Tradition***;
Canon – Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Early Christian Bibles**; Catholic Tradition*; Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books*; Protestant Tradition*; Protestants and the Apocrypha*; Significance*;
Canon – Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Johann Salomo Semler (1725-1791)*; Modern Scholarship**;
Canon – Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Three-Stage Theory**; Criticism of the Three-Stage Theory**; An Alternative Approach*; Dead Sea Scrolls*; A First Century C.E. Canon*; The Sadducees**; Alexandrian Canon Hypothesis*; “Council” of Jamnia Myth*; Assessment*;
Canon – Old Testament – Terms and Criteria - “Canon 1” and “Canon 2”*; Scripture, Bible, Canon**;
Canon – New Testament – Definition of Canon**; Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings***; Important Canonical Lists***; Disputed Texts**; Rationale for Inclusion and Exclusion of New Testament Books**; Later Discussions of Canon and “Canon within the Canon”**;
Canon – New Testament – Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings – Gospels**; Paul's letters**; Remaining Writings*;
1 and 2 Chronicles – Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Authorship*; Literary History***; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Structure and Content**; Literary Genre and Interpretation***; Reception History**;
1 and 2 Chronicles – Literary History – The Relationship between Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah**; The Original Extent of Chronicles**;
1 and 2 Chronicles – Literary Genre and Interpretation – Is Chronicles Intended to Replace Samuel-Kings?*; The Chroniclers Agenda and His Essential Tendency**; History of Interpretation**;
Clement, Letters of or
Letters of Clement – Authorship and Context**; Literary Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Clement, Letters of or
Letters of Clement – Literary Structure and Contents – Contents of 1 Clement*; Contents of 2 Clement*;
Clement, Letters of or
Letters of Clement – Interpretation – Keys to 1 Clement*; Keys to 2 Clement*;
Colossians – Canonical Status*; Authorship**; Historical Context and Date of Composition**; Structure and Content*; Interpretation*; Reception History*;
1 Corinthians – Authorship*; Date and Historical Context**; Paul in Corinth**; Structure and Outline of 1 Corinthians*; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
1 Corinthians – Interpretation – 1:1-9 Opening Greeting and Thanksgiving*; 1:10-6:20 Paul's Response to Reports of Problems in the Corinthian Church**; 7:1-16:12 Paul's Response to a letter from the Corinthian Church***; 16:5-24 Conclusion: Travel Plans, Exhortation, and Final Greetings*;
2 Corinthians – Structure and Content**; Literary History**; Interpretation***; Assessment*;
2 Corinthians – Literary History – Reasons for Questioning the Literary Integrity**; Partition Theories**; Historical Reconstruction of the Relationship between Paul and the Corinthian Congregation**;
2 Corinthians – Literary History – Partition Theories – The Semler-Windisch- and the Hausrath-Kennedy-Hypothesis*; The Weiss-Bultmann Hypothesis*; The Bornkamm-Schmithals-Hypothesis*; Mitchell**;
2 Corinthians – Interpretation - The Proem: Leitmotifs of the Letter (1:3-11)**; Paul and His Congregation 1: Events Ensuring from the Intermediate Visit (1:12-2:13)*; Pauls' Defense of His Apostolic Ministry**; Paul and His Congregation II: Paul's Joy at the Repentance of the Corinthians (7:5-16)*; The Collection as a Symbol of the Unity of Jewish and Gentile Believers (2 Cor. 8-9)**; Paul's Attack on the Intruding Missionaries and His Preparation for a Third Visit (2 Cor. 10-13)**;
2 Corinthians – Interpretation – Paul's Defense of His Apostolic Ministry – Paul's Ministry of a New Covenant (2:14-4:6)*; Apostolic Afflictions, Divine Preservation, and the Hope for Resurrection (4:7-5:10)*; Paul's Ministry of Reconciliation (5:11-6:10) and His Appeal for Reconciliation (6:11-7:4)*;
D
Daniel and
Additions to Daniel – Authorship, Dates of Composition, and Historical Contexts**; Literary History***; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation***; Reception History***;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Brief History of the Discoveries**; Description of the Finds**; Description of Important Texts**; Brief History of the Qumran Community**; Description of the Sect*; Significance**;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Brief History of the Discoveries – Notable Caves*; Publication Process*;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Description of the Finds – Nomenclature for Scrolls*; Provenance**; Genres*;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Description of Important Texts – Biblical Texts**; Parabiblical Literature**; Commentaries**; Rules**; 4QMMT*; Texts Used in Worship**; Wisdom Texts*; Eschatological Texts*; Non-literary Texts*;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Brief History of the Qumran Community – Written Evidence*; Allusions to Historical Texts**; Physical Evidence**; The Essenes**; Early Reconstruction of the History**; Connecting the Essenes with the Site and the Scrolls**;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Significance – Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible**; Early Judaism**; Early Christianity**;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Significance – Early Christianity – Attitude to Scripture*; Sectarianism and Differentiation**; The Law*; Immersion for Purification*; Eschatology*; Son of Man*; Kingdom of God*; Miracles*; Mystery*; Dualism*; Devotion*; Leadership*; Community Property*; Women*; Melchizedek*; Calendar*; Ritual Meal*;
Deuteronomy – Name of the Book and Its Meaning*; Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Authorship*; Dates of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History**; Deuteronomy and Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
Deuteronomy – Deuteronomy and Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty – Other Literary Influences*;
Deuteronomy – Structure and Contents – Deuteronomy and the Covenant Code***; The Decalogue**; Deuteronomy and the Status of Women**;
Didache – Name*; Canonical and/or Noncanonical Status*; Authorship and Date*; Edition, Translations, and Commentaries*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretations and Open Questions*; New Required Research*;
E
Ecclesiastes – Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Authorship: Traditional and Modern Views**; Interpretation**; Structure and Contents***; Reception History**;
1 Enoch – The Text of 1 Enoch and the Dead Sea Scrolls**; Authorship and the Figure of Enoch**; The “Book of the Watchers” (1 Enoch 1-36)***; The “Book of Parables” (1 Enoch 37-71)**; The “Book of the Luminaries” (1 Enoch 72-82)**; The “Dream Visions” (1 Enoch 83-90)**; The “Epistle of Enoch” (1 Enoch 92-105)**; The History of Traditions about 1 Enoch***;
Ephesians – Structure and Contents**; Setting and Purpose**; Authorship***; Theology**; Contribution*;
1 Esdras – The Abrupt Opening and Ending*; Interpolation of the Story of the Youths in the Narrative of the Return**; A Mixture of Genres*; Juxtaposition of Alternative Narratives and Chronological Confusion*; Reordering the Narrative of the Return: Zerubbabel's Return History (Ezra 2:1-4:5//1 Esd 5:7-45) and the Complaint to Artaxerxes (Ezra 4:7-24//1 Esd. 2:15-25)**; The Reading of the Torah (Neh. 8:1-13//1 Esd. 9:36-55) and the Omission of Nehemiah's Memoirs**; First Esdras as a Whole – Title, Structure, and Concept*;
2 Esdras – Canonicity*; Language, Date, and Provenance*; Form and Function***; Reception History*; Fifth Ezra and 6 Ezra*;
Esther and
Additions to Esther – Canonical Status**; Authorship*; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s)**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Outline**; Interpretation**; Greek Additions to Esther: Structure and Contents**; Reception History*;
Esther and
Additions to Esther – Greek Additions to Esther: Structure and Contents – Outline of the Greek Additions to Esther*; Discussion of the Greek Additions**;
Exodus – Canonical Status and Location in the Canon***; Authorship, Date, and Literary History***; Historical Context***; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
Exodus – Canonical Status and Location in the Canon – Exodus and Deuteronomy*; Exodus and the Former Prophets**; Exodus and Genesis**;
Exodus – Authorship, Date, and Literary History – The Identification of the E Source*; The Identification of the J Source**; The P Literature**;
Exodus – Interpretation – The Setting**; The Characters**;
Exodus – Interpretation – The Characters – The Conflict**; The Journey*; The Revelation**; The Sanctuary*;
Ezekiel – Name of Book and Meaning**; Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Authorship: Traditional and Modern*; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s)**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
Ezekiel – Structure and Contents – I. Prophetic Call Narrative*; II. Prophecies of Judgment***; III.. Prophecies Against Foreign Nations**; IV. Prophecies of Salvation**;
Ezra and
Nehemiah – Versions, Place in the Canons, and Date**; Content and Structure***; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation***; The Impact of Ezra/Nehemiah*; Scholarly Reception of Ezra-Nehemiah**;
Ezra and
Nehemiah – Content and Structure – The Textualization of the Tradition**; The Community as the Chief Protagonist of the Reconstruction*; The Expansion of the “House of God” to Encompass the People and City, Not Only the Temple*; Structure*;
Ezra and
Nehemiah – Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”?***; What Is the Compositional History of Ezra-Nehemiah?*; What Was the Relationship between Samaria and Yehud/Judah?*; What Was the Conflict with the People of the Land and the Crisis of “Mixed Marriages”?**; What Was Ezra's “Torah”?**;
Ezra and
Nehemiah – Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”? - Royal Edicts and Correspondence*; Nehemiah Memoir*; Ezra Memoir and Ezra “Source”*; The Lists*;
G
Galatians – Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation History**;
Galatians – Interpretation History – 1. The Antioch Incident*; 2. The Purpose and End of the Law**; 3. New Creation**;
Genesis – Name of Book*; Canonical Status and Location**; Structure and Contents***; Authorship of Genesis**; Dates of Composition, Historical Contexts, Literary History, and History in Genesis***; History of Interpretation***; Reception History**;
Gospels – Euaggelion as a Literary Designation**; The Diversity of Gospels***; Gospels by Analogy**; The Literary Character of Gospels***; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels***; Prospects*;
Gospels – The Diversity of Gospels – Narrative Gospels*; Passion Gospels*; Sayings Gospels*; Post-Resurrection Dialogues*; Theological Tractates*; Other Gospels*;
Gospels – Gospels by Analogy – Narrative Gospels*; Passion and Infancy Gospels*; Sayings Gospels**; Dialogue/Discourse Gospels*;
Gospels – The Literary Character of Gospels – Narrative Gospels***; Sayings Gospels**; Dialogue Gospels*;
Gospels – Literary Relationships Among the Gospels – The Synoptic Problem**; John and the Synoptics**; The Gospel of Thomas**; Jewish-Christian gospels*;
Haggai – Name*; Canonical Status and Location*; Authorship*; Date of Composition and Historical Context*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation*; Reception History*;
Hebrews – Name*; Canonical Status*; Authorship**; Date and Historical Context**; Literary History*; Structure**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
Hosea – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Authorship**; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s)**; Literary History*; Textual Difficulties*; Structure*; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
Hosea – Interpretation – Interpretation of Hosea 1-3***; Interpretations of the Book of Hosea**; Hosea as Literature**;
I
Ignatius, Letters of or
Letters of Ignatius – Manuscripts and Authenticity**; Major Themes of the Letters**; Major Scholarly Debates**; Other Matters*;
Ignatius, Letters of or
Letters of Ignatius – Major Themes of the Letters – Discipleship and Martyrdom**; Unity and Schism**; Jewish/Gentile Relations*;
Ignatius, Letters of or
Letters of Ignatius – Major Scholarly Debates – Situation Reflected: Antioch or Western Asia Minor?*; Situation in Antioch*; Opponents*;
Isaiah – Chapters 1-39***; Chapters 40-66***; The Formation of the Book (with Special Reference to Chapters 1-2 and 32-29)***; Literary Features**; Major Theological Themes***; Reception History***;
Isaiah – Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 1-2 as Overtures*; Isaiah 3-5 and the Social Background**; Isaiah 6-8 and Isaiah's Prophetic Biography**; Isaiah 9 and the Fall of Samaria*; Isaiah 10, 28-31 and the Siege of Sennacherib**; Isaiah (;1-6 and Isaiah 11-12: Royal Announcements**; Isaiah 13-23: Oracles Against the Nations***; Isaiah 24-27**;
Isaiah – Chapters 40-66 – Isaiah 40-48: Between Babylon and Persia**; The Servant and the Servants**; Isaiah 56-66: New Grace and New Judgment**;
J
James – Authorship**; Date and Historical Context**; Literary Genre*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Jeremiah – Interpretation – 1:1-3 Historical Superscription*; 1:4-19 Jeremiah's Commission and Inaugural Visions**; 2:1-10:25 Oracles of Warning to Jerusalem**; 11:1-20:18 Prophetic Laments and Sign-Acts**; 21:1-29:32 Against the Jerusalem Leadership***; 30:1-31:40 The Book of Consolation**; 32:1 -45:5 Struggles for Political Authority**; 46:1-51:64 The Routing of Judah's Enemies**; 52:1-34 The Destruction of Jerusalem*;
Jeremiah, Letter of or
Letter of Jeremiah – Authorship, Date, and Language*; Genre, Contents, and Interpretation**;
Job – Authorship, Date, and Context**; Literary History***; Outline*; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation***; Reception***;
Job – Structure and Contents – The Prologue**; The Wisdom Dialogue**; The Wisdom Poem*; Job's Final Defense**; Elihu's Speeches*; The Divine Speeches**; The Epilogue*;
Job – Interpretation – The Prologue: A Critique of Fear**; The Wisdom Dialogue: The Clash of Incommensurable Perspectives**; Jobs 28: Wisdom as the Missing Piece*; The Divine Speeches**;
Joel – Canon and Text*; Joel, Person and Name*; Structure and Contents**; Interpretative Questions**; Subsequent Influence*;
Joel – Structure and Contents – Calls to Respond to Disasters: Joel 1:2-13*; Prophetic Responses: Joel 1:15-20*; Invaders Revisited: Joel 2:1-11*; Prophetic Address: Joel 2:12-17*; God's Answer: Joel 2:18-27*; Universal Prophecy: Joel 2:28-32 (Joel 3)*; The Final Battle: Joel 3:1-21 (Heb. 4:1-21)*;
John, Gospel according to or
Gospel according to John – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Authorship**; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Contexts(s)**; Literary History**; Outline**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
John, Gospel according to or
Gospel according to John – Interpretation – The Prologue as Conclusion (1:1-18)**; Seeking and Finding Community (1:19-51)*; The Wedding Motif from Cana to Cana (2:1-4:54)**; Claiming Moses and Fulfilling Feasts (5:1-10:21)**; From Bethany to Bethany: The Temple Resolved (10:22-12:11)**; The Passion Week: The New Community as the Beloved Spouse (12:12-20:31)**; “That You Might Continue to Believe”: The Living Bridegroom (20:1-31)*; The Epilogue: The Community Moves Forward (21:1-25)*;
1, 2, and 3 John – Dating and Sequence**; Composition and Structure*; Purpose of Writing*; Historical Context**; Audience and Authorship**; Reception and Influence*;
Jonah – Structure and Contents**; Interpretation and Reception**;
Jonah – Structure and Contents – Inner-Biblical Allusions in Jonah*; Humor in Jonah*;
Jonah – Interpretation and Reception – Theology and Justice**;
Joseph and Aseneth – Contents**; Interpretation*; History of Scholarship**;
Joshua – Authorship and Literary Affiliation**; Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Structure and Content***; Interpretation**; Historical Context**; Reception History**;
Jubilees – Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text***; Jubilee's Responses to the Hellenistic-[Jewish] Context**; Jubilean Halakah**; Unity of the Book**; Author and Date**; Text History**;
Jubilees – Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Contemporary Cultural Influences*; Halakah*; Apocalyptic Features*; Alterations to Biblical Scenes and Characterizations**; Poetics*; Distrinctive Features of Jubilees*;
Jubilees – Author and Date – The Argument for Qumranic Provenance**;
Jubilees – Text History – Literary Echoes**; Status at Qumran and Elsewhere**;
Jude – Canonical Status*; Authorship*; Date and Context*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Judges – Title*; Date*; Place in Canon*; Authorship*; Dates of Composition and Historical Context***; Literary History**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation History**; Reception History**;
Judges – Literary History – The Book of Rescuers (Judg. 3:12-8:28)*; “Chapter Two” of the Deuteronomic History (Judg. 2:6-16:11)*; The Scroll of Judges (Judg. 1-21)*;
Judges – Structure and Contents – A. The Introductory Section (Judg. 1:1-2:5)*; B. The Heroic Anthology (Judg. 2:6-16:31)***; C. The Concluding Section (Judg. 17:1-21:25)**;
K
1 and 2 Kings – Name, Place in Canon*; Authorship***; Contents and Structure***;
1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11)**; The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17)**; The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 Kgs 18-25)**; Chronology***; Historicity*; Language and Style**; Reception and History**;
1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11) – Sources*; Perspective*; Contents*;
1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel***; The Kingdom of Judah**;
1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel – Sources*; Perspective**; Contents***;
1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Judah – Sources*; Perspective*; Contents**;
1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 kgs 18-25) – Sources*; Perspective*; Contents**;
L
Lamentations – Location in Canon*; Authorship**; Dates of Composition and Historical Context**; Textual History*; Genre*; Poetry and Major Themes*; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation***; Reception History*;
Letters – Epigraphic Letters**; Writing and Delivering a Letter**; Literacy*; Dictation, Transport, and Delivery**; Terminology**; Form**; Letters in the Hebrew Bible**; Greco-Roman Letters**; Letters in the New Testament**; Letters in the Apocrypha**; Additional Literary Sources*; The Literary Use of Letters*;
Letters – Epigraphic Letters – Arad*; Lachish*; Other Hebrew Sources from the Biblical Period*; Elephantine*; Postbiblical Letters**;
Letters – Writing and Delivering a Letter – Papyrus**; Leather*; Pottery (Ostraca)*; Other Materials*; Inks*;
Letters – Form – A. Initial Address*; B. Initial Greeting**; C. Body*; D-F. Concluding Formulas*; G. Outside Address*; Example of an Epigraphic Letter*;
Letters – Letters in the Hebrew Bible – Definite References to Letters*; The Aramaic Letters in Ezra*; Probable Letters*; Questionable Cases*; Generically Marginal or Mixed Cases*;
Letters – Letters in the New Testament – Greco-Roman Rhetoric and the New Testament Letters**; Greco-Roman and Near Eastern Letters**; Pseudonymity**;
Leviticus – Authorship, Date, and Literary History**; Historical Context**; Structure and Contents**; Outline*; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
Leviticus – Interpretation – Sacrifice**; Holiness and Commonness**; Purity and Impurity**; Priestly Outlook**;
Lost Books – Sacred Writings and Canon*; Lost Books***; Other Christian Books*; Assessment**;
Lost Books – Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible***; Books Mentioned in the New Testament**;
Lost Books – Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Book of the Wars of the Lord (Num. 21:14)*; Book of Jaschar*; Annals of the Kings of Israel and Judah*; Book of Acts of Solomon (1 Kgs. 11:41)*; Chronicles*; Books Attributed to Prophets*; Laments*; Other Books*;
Lost Books – Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament – Gospels*; Letters Attributed to Paul**; Acts 19:19*; Agrapha*;
Luke, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Luke – Manuscript Evidence and Earliest Attestation**; Attestation*; Authorship**; Date*; Location and Audience*; Sources**; Structure and Genre**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
Luke, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Luke – Interpretation – Salvation History**; Rich and Poor in Luke**; Women in Luke**; Luke and Judaism**;
M
1 Maccabees – The Name of 1 Maccabees**; The Canonical Status of 1 Maccabees**; Authorship**; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History**; The Relationship Between 1, 2, 3 and 4 Maccabees*; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation**; Reception History***;
2 Maccabees – Canonical Status**; Authorship*; Setting of the Epitomist*; Date and Historical Context**; Structure and Contents**; Literary History**; Interpretation**; Jewish and Christian Reinterpretations**; Later Reception History**;
3 Maccabees – Authorship, Origins, and Date**; Historicizing Fiction**; Religious and Cultural Significance**; Transmission History*;
4 Maccabees – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Authorship*; Date of Composition and Historical Context*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Malachi – Name*; Canonical Status and Location**; Authorship**; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History*; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
Mark, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Mark – Canonical Status and Location*; Authorship**; Date of Composition and Historical Context***; Literary History**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation*; Reception History**;
Mark, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Mark – Structure and Contents – 1. The Coming Kingdom of God*; 2. Jesus's Christological Identity**; 3. The Incomprehension of the Disciples*;
Mary, Gospel of or
Gospel of Mary – The Title of the Gospel*; Attestation, Date, and Authorship**; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Matthew, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Matthew – Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Authorship**; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
Matthew, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Matthew – Structure and Contents – Introduction, Part 1: The Infancy Narrative (1:1-2:23)*; Introduction, Part II: Prologue to Jesus' Ministry (3:1-4:25)*; First Discourse: The Sermon on the Mount (5:1-7:29)*; Narrative Section: Healings and Miracles (8:1-(;38)**; Second Discourse: On the Mission of the Twelve (10:1-42)**; Narrative Section: Growing Tensions and Conflicts (11:1-12:50)**; Third Discourse: Parables About the Kingdom of Heaven (13:1-52)**; Narrative Section: Messianic Claims and the Demands of Discipleship (13:53-17:27)**; Fourth Discourse: Rules for the Members of the Ekklēsia (18:1-35)**; Narrative Section: Teaching, Healing, and Conflict in Judea and Jerusalem (19:1-24:2)**; Fifth Discourse: The End of Time and the Final Judgment (24:3-25:46)**; The Passion and Resurrection: Narrative (26:1-28:20)**;
Nag Hammadi Library – Discoveries***; Nag Hammadi Archaeology**; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices***; The Impact of the Nag Hammadi Library and Other Codices**;
Nag Hammadi Library – Discoveries – The Discovery of the Nag Hammadi Library according to Jean Doresse*; The Nag Hammadi Discovery According to James M. Robinson**; The Discovery of Berlin Gnostic Codex 8502*; The Discovery of Codex Tchacos*;
Nag Hammadi Library – Nag Hammadi Archaeology – Archaeology at the Jabal al-Tarif and Pbow**; Archaeological and Historical Investigation in the Nag Hammadi Region*;
Nag Hammadi Library – Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts***;
Nag Hammadi Library – Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts – Thomas Christianity**; Sethian Gnostic Thought***; Texts of Hermetic Religion and Other Texts**;
Nahum – Literary Issues – Genre*; Nahum as Poet*; Nahum in the Wider Literary Context**;
Numbers – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Contents and Structure of the Final Composition*; Authorship**; Dates of Composition and Historical Contexts***; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Paul, Letters of or
Letters of Paul – Authorship and Pseudonymity**; History of Modern Research – Trends and Developments**; The Authentic Letters***; The Disputed Letters***; The Pseudonymous Letters**;
Paul, Letters of or
Letters of Paul – The Authentic Letters – Romans**; First Corinthians**; Second Corinthians**; Galatians**; Philippians**; First Thessalonians**; Philemon**;
Paul, Letters of or
Letters of Paul – The Disputed Letters – Ephesians**; Colossians**; Second Thessalonians**;
Paul, Letters of or
Letters of Paul – The Pseudonmyous Letters – The Pastoral Letters (1 and 2 Timothy, Titus)**;
Paul and Thecla, Acts of or
Acts of Paul and Thecla – Relation to Canonical Books**; Authorship, Date of Composition, and Historical Context*; Literary History**; Contents**;
Pesharim - “Continuous Pesharim”**; “Thematic” Pesharim**; Other Occurrences of the Word “Pesher” and Commentaries*;
Peshitta and Other Syriac Versions – Name*; Origin and Dating of the Old Testament Peshitta**; Origin and Dating of the New Testament Peshitta*; Extent of the Peshitta*; Scholarly Significance of the Old Testament Peshitta**; Scholarly Significance of the New Testament Peshitta*; Other Syriac Versions of the Old Testament*; Other Syriac Versions of the New Testament*; Editions and Translations of the Old Testament Peshitta**; Editions and Translations of the New Testament Peshitta*; Legacy: The Bible of the Syriac Churches*;
1 Peter – Canonical Status*; Authorship*; Date and Place of Composition*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation**;
2 Peter – Canonical Status*; Authorship*; Date and Context*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Philemon – The Traditional Interpretation: Onesimus as a Runaway Slave from Colossae*; The Traditional Interpretation Adapted: Onesimus as Bishop of Ephesus*; The Traditional Interpretation Challenged: Reassessing Onesimus**; The Enduring Appeal of Philemon*;
Philip, Gospel of or
Gospel of Philip – Location in Early Christianity**; Theological Ideas**; Key Figures**; Significance*;
Philippians – Canonical Status*; Authorship*; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Contexts**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Pilate, Acts of or
Acts of Pilate – The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate**; The Middle Ages**;
Pilate, Acts of or
Acts of Pilate – The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – Manuscript Tradition*; Contents**; A Consistent Account?*; Dating*; Milieu of Origin*;
Pilate, Acts of or
Acts of Pilate – The Middle Ages – Contents*; Literary Descendants*; Canonicity*; Artistic Reception*; Related Works*;
Prayers and Hymns – Categorizing Prayers and Hymns*; Prayers and Hymns in Narrative Contexts in the Hebrew Bible***; Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians***;
Prayers and Hymns – Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians – Prayers and Hymns from the Dead Sea Scrolls**; Prayers and Hymns from the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha**; Prayers and Hymns in Early Christian Writings**;
Proverbs – Canonical Status and Location*; Authorship*; Dates of Composition and Historical Context(s)**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
Proverbs – Structure and Contents – Proverbs 1-9: “The Proverbs of Solomon”*; Proverbs 10:1-22:16: “The Proverbs of Solomon,” Part 2*; Proverbs 22:17-24:22: “The Words of the Wise”*; Proverbs 24:23-34*; Proverbs 25-29*; Proverbs 30: “The Words of Agur, Son of Jakeh”*; Proverbs 31: “The Words of King Lemuel”*;
Psalms – Position in the Canon*; Authorship**; Structure and Compilation of the Book**; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book***; Literary History***; Interpretation***;
Psalms – Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Authorial or Pseudepigraphal Headings*; Historical Headings*; Genre Headings**; Headings for Liturgical Occasions*; Musical Headings*; Instructional Headings*; Hallelujah*; Technical Terms inside Psalms*;
Psalms – Literary History – Gunkel's Basic Categories***; A Puzzling Problem**; Post-Gunkel Approaches***;
Pseudepigrapha – The Term and the Collection**; Jewish or Christian Origin?**; Survey of Pseudepigrapha***; The Significance of the Pseudepigrapha**;
Pseudepigrapha – Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Revisions and Expansions of Biblical Material***; Apocalypses***; Testamentary Literature***; Apologetic, Wisdom, and Philosophical Texts**; Edifying Tales and Romances**; Liturgical Texts**;
R
Rabbinic Literature – Introduction***; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures***; New Testament***;
Rabbinic Literature – Introduction – The Documents of Rabbinic Literature**; The Mishnah**; The Post-Mithnaic Legal Literature: The Tosefta and Talmuds**; Scripture and the Exegetical Tradition of the Written Torah**; The Midrashic Compilations*; Genesis Rabbah*; Leviticus Rabbah*; Pesiqta de Rab Kahana*; Song of Songs Rabbah*; Ruth Rabbah*; Lamentations Rabbah (also called Eikha Rabbati)*; The Rabbinic Literature as Oral Torah**;
Rabbinic Literature – Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – The Rabbinic “Canon” of the Bible**; Readings from the Bible in the Synagogue in Rabbinic Times*; Oral Torah*; Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture***; Rabbinic Hermeneutics and Hellenistic Parallels**;
Rabbinic Literature – Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – The Form “Midrash”**; Targum*; The Rabbinic View of the Bible and Its Effect on the Nature of Midrash*; Prerabbinic Forms of Midrash\?*; The Three-part Tanak and Some Formal Characteristics of Rabbinic Midrash*; The Origins and Many Purposes of Midrash**; Midrash Halakah and Midrash Haggadah**; Rabbinic and Patristic Interpretations of Scripture: Schools, Common Features, and the Question of Interaction**;
Rabbinic Literature – Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Hermeneutics and Hellenistic Parallels – The Seven Rules of Hillel and the Thirteen Rules of Rabbi Ishmael**; The Methods of Midrash Haggadah*;
Rabbinic Literature – New Testament – Methodology***; Jewish Law before the Halakah**; Exegetical Principles**; Midrashic Parallels**; Anti-Christian Polemic**;
Revelation – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Traditional and Modern Authorship*; Date of Composition and Historical Context***; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation***; Reception History***;
Revelation – Interpretation – Title, Epistolatory Opening, and Introduction to the Visions (1:1-8)*; Vision of a “Son of Man” and the Messages of the Seven Churches (1:9-3:22)*; Vision of the Heavenly Throne Room and the Seven Seals (4:1-8:5)**; The Seven Trumpets (8:6-11:19)**; Unnumbered Visions of Conflict, Deliverance, and Judgment (12:1-15:4)**; Seven Bowls (15:5-16:21)*; Vision of the Fall of Babylon (17:1-19:10)**; Unnumbered Visions Cataloging God's Defeat of His Enemies (19:11-21:8)**; Vision of the New Jerusalem (21:9-22:7)*; Epilogue and Epistolary Closing (22:8-21)**;
Romans – Authorship and Integrity of the Letter*; Historical Context**; Occasion and Purpose**; Audience*; Structure of the Letter**; Interpretation**; Reception**;
Ruth – Names**; Location in the Canon and Textual Evidence*; Author**; Historical Context and Date of Composition**; Structure and Contents**; Reception History**;
1 and 2 Samuel – Canonical Status**; Authorship**; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History***; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation**; Reception History***;
1 and 2 Samuel – Structure and Contents – Outline*; Samuel**; Saul**; David**; Women**;
Septaugint and Other Ancient Greek Translations – Name and Nature*; Scope*; Sequence of the Books**; Original Form, Jewish Background, Place, and Date**; Evidence**; Editions*; Auxiliary Tools*; Exegesis**; Translation Technique*; Retroversion of the Parent Text*; Hebrew Source of the LXX**; Greek and Hebrew Scrolls from the Judean Desert**; Revisions of the Septaugint**; The Greek Versions and Christianity**;
Septaugint and Other Ancient Greek Translations – Revisions of the Septaugint – Emergence of the Revisions*; Nature of the Revisions*; Pre-Hexaplaric Revisions*; Kaige-Theodotion*; Aquila*; Symmachus*; Hexapla*; Post-Hexaplaric Revisions*;
Shepherd of Hermas – Canonical Status*; Authorship and Date**; Genre, Structure, and Contents**; Interpretation**;
Sirach – Name of the Book*; Canonical Status**; Authorship*; Date and Historical Context***; Textual and Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Song of Solomon – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Authorship, Date of Composition, and Historical Context**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
T
Targumim – The Origin of Targumim*; Early Written Targumim**; Texts***; Chief Targumic Themes**; Genres**; Connections of Targums with Other Topics**;
Targumim – Texts – The Pentateuch***; The Prophets**; The Writings**;
Targumim – Texts – The Pentateuch – Onkelos**; The Palestinian Targums*; Pseudo-Jonathan**; The Cairo Genizah Fragments of the Palestinian Targum**; The Fragment Targums of the Pentateuch**; Codex Neofiti 1**; Palestinian Targumic Toseftot*; Liturgical Palestinian Targum-Inspired Poems*;
Targumim – Connections of Targums with Other Topics – The Syriac Pentateuch and the Targumim*; Targumim: Interpretative Tradition. Origin in Synagogue or School?*; Targumim and New Testament*; Tell-like Structure of our Present Targumim*;
Testaments – The Testament of Moses**; The Vision of Amram**; The Testament of Job**; The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs**; Other “Testamentary” Literature**; Reception History*;
Testaments – The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs – Original Language and Textual Witnesses*; Date, Provenance, and Authorship***; Form, Content, and Function***;
Text Criticism – Hebrew Bible***; Apocrypha***; New Testament***;
Text Criticism – Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text***; The Septaugint and Its Versions***; Other Versions of the Hebrew Text***;
Text Criticism – Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text – The Masoretic Text (MT)**; The Samaritan Pentateuch (SP)**; The Qumran Scrolls**;
Text Criticism – Hebrew Bible – The Septaugint and Its Versions – The Septaugint (LXX)***; The Old Latin (OL)**; The Syro-Hexapla**;
Text Criticism – Hebrew Bible – Other Versions of the Hebrew Text – The Targumim**; Peshitta**; The Vulgate**;
Text Criticism – Apocrypha – Modern Study**; Aims*; Greek Compositions**; Books Translated from Semitic Originals***; Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain**; Reception History**;
Text Criticism – Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Maccabees*; Baruch*; Wisdom of Solomon*; Esther*; Prayer of Manasseh*;
Text Criticism – Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Tobit*; Additions to Esther*; Sirach**; First Maccabees*; First-Second Esdras*; Additions to Daniel*; Psalm 151*;
Text Criticism – Apocrypha – Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain – Judith*; Letter of Jeremiah*; Psalms of Solomon*;
Text Criticism – New Testament – Terminology*; Witnesses**; History of Editions***; Principles of Criticism**; Illustrative Variants**;
Text Criticism – New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts**; Early Versions**; Patristic Citations**;
Text Criticism – New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127)**; Majuscules (321)**; Miniscules (2907)**; Lectionaries (2450)*;
Text Criticism – New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - א
(01) or Codex Sinaiticus*; A (02) or Codex Alexandrinus*; B (03) or Codex Vaticanus*; C (04) or Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus*; D (05) or Codex Bezae*; D (06) or Codex Claromontanus*; F (010) or Codex Augiensis*; G (012) or Codex Boernerianus*; L (019) or Codex Regius*; W (032)*; Δ (037)*; Θ (038) or the Koridethi Gospels*; 046*;
Text Criticism – New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Latin (latt)*; Syriac*; Coptic (co)*; Armenian (arm)*; Gothic (got)*; Ethiopic (aeth)*; Georgian (geo)*; Old Church Slavonic (slav)*;
Text Criticism – New Testament - Principles of Criticism – External*; Internal**;
Text Criticism – New Testament - Illustrative Variants – Mark 10:7*; Mark 16:9-20*; John 1:18*; John &;53-8:11*; Romans 5:1*; First Timothy 3:16**;
1 Thessalonians – Canonical Status and Location*; Authorship*; Date of Composition and Literary Context*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation**; Reception**;
2 Thessalonians – Content and Structure**; Literary Relationship Between 1 and 2 Thessalonians**; Authorship and Date of Composition**;
2 Thessalonians – Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity**; Argumkents for Authenticity**;
2 Thessalonians – Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity – Literary Dependence*; Contradictory Eschatological Discourses**; The Lack of Personal References*; The References to Forgery in 2 Thess. 2:2 and 3:27*;
Thomas, Gospel of or
Gospel of Thomas – The Gospel of Thomas in Early Christianity**; Authorship and Place of Origin**; Structure and Organization**; Sources of the Gospel**; Principal Themes*; Debates within the Text*; Difficulties of Interpretation**; The Dependence or Independence Debate**; The Thomasine Community**;
1 Timothy – Authorship and Genre**; Context*; Audience, Contents, and Interpretation**;
Tobit – Date and Place of Composition*; Text**; Literary Character**; Original Language*; Sources*; Main Themes*; Reception History**;
Tobit – Literary Character – Tobit and Reader Engagement**;
Translations, English or
English Translations – Versions before 1611***; 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions***; An Overview of Modern Versions***; Modern Pioneers**; Translation Theory and Bible Translation**;
Translations, English or
English Translations – Versions before 1611 – The Wycliffe Bible**; Tyndale's Version (New Testament; 1526-1534)**; The Coverdale Bible (1535)*; The Matthew's Bible (1537)*; The Taverner's Bible (1539)*; The Great Bible (1539)*; The Geneva Bible (1560)*; The Bishop's Bible (1568)*; The Rheims-Douay Bible, or Douay-Rheims Bible (1582-1609)**;
Translations, English or
English Translations – Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The Authorized (King James) Version (1611)**; The Revised Version (1885)**; The American Standard Version (1901)*; The Revised Standard Version (1952)*; The New American Standard Bible (1971)*; The New King James Version (1982)*; The New Revised Standard Version (1989)*;
Translations, English or
English Translations – An Overview of Modern Versions – A New Translation of the Bible (1926-1955) by James Moffatt*; An American Translation (1927) by Smith and Goodspeed*; The New Testament in Modern English (1958) by J. R. Phillips*; The Jerusalem Bible (1966)*; The New English Bible (1970)*; The New American Bible (1970)*; The Good News Translation (1976)*; The New International Version (1978)*; Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures (1985)*; The New Testament and Psalms: An Inclusive Version (1995)*; The New Living Translation (1996)*; The English Standard Version (2001)*; The NET Bible (2005-print edition)*; The Contemporary Torah: A Gender-Sensitive Adaptation of the JPS Translation (2006)*; Common English Bible (2011)*;
Translations, English or
English Translations – Modern Pioneers – The Five Books of Moses: A New Translation with Introductions, Commentary and Notes (1995); Give Us a King!: Samuel, Saul, and David (1999) by Everett Fox*; The David Story: 1 and 2 Samuel (1999); The Five Books of Moses (2004); The Book of Psalms (2007); The Wisdom Books: Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes (2010) by Robert Alter*; Restored New Testament: A New Translation with Commentary, Including the Gnostic Gospels Thomas, Mary, and Judas (2009) by Willis Barnstone*;
Wisdom of Solomon – Contents and Structure**; Language, Provenance, and Date**; Genre and Purpose**; Theology**; Formative Influences**; Text and Versions*; Reception and Canonical Status**;
Z
Zechariah – Name*; Canonical Status and Location*; Authorship*; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
Zephaniah – Location in Canon*; Textual Evidence*; Historical Context**; Contents and Structure*; Reception History*;
1 or 2 paragraphs under a column, with reference(s)
Aaron – High Priest (Exodus-Numbers and Chronicles); Elsewhere in the Old Testament; Negative and Nonpriestly Portrayals; New Testament; Character: A Summary;
Abigail* - Abigail (wife of Nabal); Abigail (sister of David);
Abihu;
Abijah – Abijah (king of Judah);
Abraham, Apocalypse of or
Apocalypse of Abraham;
Abraham, Testament of or
Testament of Abraham;
Absalom – Absalom (son of David);
Acacia;
Acco;
Adad-nirari – Adad-nirari II; Adad-nirari III;
Adoption – Adoption Formulas;
Afterlife or
Afterdeath – Abode of the Dead; Conclusion;
Agrapha;
Ahab - Ahab (king of Israel) - Historical Account; Rabbinical Sources;
Ahaziah – Ahaziah (son of Ahab);
Ahinoam – Ahinoam (daugher of Ahimaaz); Ahinoam (wife of David);
Akeldama;
Alalakh;
Alexander – Alexander Balas of Smyrna; Alexander Janneus;
Alexandra – Alexandra Salome; Alexandra (daughter of Hyrcanus II);
Aloes;
Alpha and Omega;
Amenemope, Instruction of or
Instruction of Amenemope;
Amon (person) – Amon (King, son of Manasseh);
Amos, Book of or
Book of Amos – Amos the Prophet; Historical Setting; Composition;
Amraphel;
Ananias – Ananias (husband of Sapphira); Ananias (who healed Paul's blindness); Ananias (21st Jewish high priest);
Anathoth;
Ancient of Days;
Angle, The or
The Angle;
Animals – Amphibians;
Antioch – Antioch (city in Galatia);
Antiochus – Antiochus (Antiochus III); Antiochus (Antiochus V); Antiochus (Antiochus VI); Antiochus (Antiochus VII);
Apollonius – Apollonius (son of Tharseas); Apollonius (son of Menetheus); Apollonius (general under Antiochus IV Epiphanius); Apollonius (son of Gennaeus); Apollonius (governor of Coele-Syria);
Apostles, Epistle of the or
Epistle of the Apostles;
Aquila – Aquila (husband of Priscilla); Aquila (2nd century translator);
Ar;
Aram (place) – Paddam-aram; Aram-naharaim; Aram-zobah; Aram-Damascus; Aram-maacah and Geshur;
Aramaic – Old Aramaic; Official Aramaic; Middle Aramaic; Late Aramaic; Modern Aramaic;
Aram-naharaim;
'Araq el-Emir;
Archaeology and the Bible – Geographic Setting; Beginning of Scientific Exploration; Honing Excavation Materials; The Rise of Biblical City Excavations; A Permanent American Presence; Lawrence and Musil; Towards a Secular Archaeology; Revisionist Scholarship;
Architecture – General Survey – Domestic Buildings; General Survey – Later Developments;
Areopagus;
Aretas* – Aretas I; Aretas II; Aretas III; Aretas IV;
Aristeas, Letter of or
Letter of Aristeas;
Army – Semi-nomadic Origins; Peasant's Militia; Classic Ancient Near Eastern Chariot Army;
Asaph - Asaph (son of Berechiah the Levite);
Ascension – Other Ascensions in the New Testament;
Ascents, Songs of or
Songs of Ascents;
Assumption of the Virgin;
Assurnasirpal;
Astrologer;
Astrology;
Astronomy;
Atad;
Ataroth-addar;
Attalia;
Azazel;
Azvameth or
Beth-azvameth;
Azmon;
Aznoth-tabor;
Azor;
Azotus;
Caesar;
Caligula;
Cambyses – Cambyses I; Cambyses II;
Canaan or
Canaanites – Name; People – Nonbiblical sources; Language;
Canon of the Old Testament – Canon and Interpretation;
Canon of the New Testament – Prophetic Foundation of the Gospel; Consciousness of Apostolic Authority;
Captain of the temple;
Carmel* – Carmel (mountain range north of Israel);
Catholic Letters;
Center of the Land;
Centurion;
Chebar;
Chemosh;
Chorazin;
Christ and Abgar;
Christmas;
Chronology of the Old Testament – Special Issues in Biblical Chronology – Intercalation; Special Issues in Biblical Chronology – Spring or Fall Calendars; Special Issues in Biblical Chronology – Accession and Nonaccession Year Reckoning; Special Issues in Biblical Chronology – Coregency; Special Issues in Biblical Chronology – Use of the LXX; Special Issues in Biblical Chronology – Relative and Absolute Chronology; OT History – Persian Period; OT History – Later Years of Judah; OT History – Sojourn; OT History – Patriarchs;
Chronology of the New Testament – Jesus' Life – Birth – Death of Herod; Jesus' Life – Birth – Census; Jesus' Life – Birth – Magi; Jesus' Life – Ministry – John the Baptist; Jesus' Life – Ministry – Jesus' Age; Jesus' Life – Ministry – The Temple; Jesus' Life – Death – Day; Jesus' Life – Death – Year; Apostolic Period, including Paul – Acts; Apostolic Period, including Paul – Epistles;
Church – Expansion in the NT Era – Jerusalem and Judea; Expansion in the NT Era – Beyond Judea; Features of the Church – The Hope of the Church;
City of Moab;
Clement, Epistles of or
Epistles of Clement – 2 Clement;
Coat of mail;
Codex Bezae;
Codex Sinaiticus;
Cohort;
Collection;
Corinth – Christianity;
Corinthians, First Letter to the or
First Letter to the Corinthians – Author, Provenance, Date; Corinth; Occasion; Literary and Rhetorical Analysis; Major Issues in Corinth; Significance;
Cornelius;
Cornerstone;
Corporate personality – Corporate responsibility;
Covenant – Covenant and Moral Character; Old Testament – Where God Is Not a Partner; Old Testament - Where God Is Under Obligation; Old Testament - Where Israel Is Under Obligation to God: Sinai; Later Traditions about the Sinai běrît – Postexilic Period; Later Traditions about the Sinai běrît – Hellenistic Period: Sinai as diathēkē; The New Covenant;
Cup;
Cush (place);
Cushite;
Galilee – Early Church and Rabbis;
Garden;
Gareb (place);
Gauls;
Geder;
Gederoth;
Gederothaim;
Gedor (person);
Genesis, Book of or
Book of Genesis – Name and Early Interpretation; History;
Gershon;
Geshur* – Geshur (Aramean kingdom);
Gessius Florus;
Gestures – IIllustrations – Head;
Giants;
Gibeath-elohim;
Gihon* – Gihon (spring in the Kidron Valley);
Gilboa, Mount or
Mount Gilboa;
Girgashites;
Goah;
God – Basic Claims about God – Living and eternal; Basic Claims about God – Unity; Basic Claims about God – Unique, incomparable; Basic Claims about God – Active; Basic Claims about God – Intentional; Basic Claims about God – Interactive; Basic Claims about God – Situational; Basic Claims about God – Effective; Basic Claims about God – Vulnerable; Basic Claims about God – Mighty acts; Basic Claims about God – Extraordinary events;
God in the Old Testament, Names of or
Names of God in the Old Testament – Adon; Baal; El; El Elyon; El Shaddai; Eloah; Fear of Isaac; Holy One; Mighty One of Jacob;
Golan;
Golgotha;
Gospel or
Good News – Origin of usage; Mark; Other NT Usages;
Gozan;
Greaves;
Greece – Roman Period (31 B.C.E.-476 C.E.);
Greek (language) – History;
Gymnasium;
Habakkuk, Book of or
Book of Habakkuk – Text; Form;
Hadashah;
Hadid;
Hadrach;
Haggai, Book of or
Book of Haggai – Prophetic Call to Work on the Temple (1:1-11); Response of Leaders and People (1:12-15a); Assurance of God's Presence (1:15b-2:9); Priestly Ruling with Interpretation (2:10-19); Future Hope (2:20-23);
Hagiographa;
Halah;
Ham (place);
Haman;
Hamites or
Hamitic* – Hamites or Hamitic (descendants of Ham); Hamites or Hamitic (Hamito-Semitic earlier designation of languages and cultures);
Hammath (place);
Hanani* – Hanani (father of Jehu);
Hananiah* – Hananiah (son of Azzur);
Havvoth-jair;
Hazarmaveth;
Hazazon-tamar;
Hebrew, Biblical or
Biblical Hebrew – Verbal System; Verbal System – Diachronic vs. Synchronic Approaches; Verbal System – Tense vs. Aspect;
Hebrews, Epistle to the or
Epistle to the Hebrews – Literary Genre; Authorship;
Hebrews, Gospel according to the or
Gospel according to the Hebrews;
Hellenists;
Heresy;
Herod (family) – Herod the Great – Herod's Buildings; Herod the Great – Final Years; Herod the Great – Evaluation; Mariamme II; Salome (sister of Herod); Herod Antipater (son of Herod the Great); Alexander and Aristobulus; Mariamme (granddaughter of Herod); Archelaus; Mariamme (wife of Archelaus); Antipas (son of Herod the Great); Salome (daughter of Herod); Herod (son of Herod); Mariamme (married Herod IV); Agrippa I; Mariamme (daughter of Agrippa I); Agrippa II;
Herodias;
Herodotus;
Hiel;
Hierapolis;
Hiram – Hiram I; Hiram the metalworker; Hiram II; Hiram III; Hiram IV;
Historiography, Biblical or
Biblical historiography – Definition of History; Biblical Historical Writings;
Hittites – Myths of Origin;
Holiness Code;
Homosexuality – Male-male rape; Same-sex intercourse as violation of purity; Same-sex commitments;
Hophra;
Horeb;
Horites* – Horites (seminomadic people living in Seir-Edom); Horites (Hivites translated in the LXX as Horites);
Horonaim;
Hosea, Book of or
Book of Hosea – Text; Literary Structure;
Huleh, Lake or
Lake Huleh;
Hyksos – End of Rule; Impact;
Hyssop;
Iconium;
Ijon;
Innocents, Massacre of the or
Massacre of the Innocents;
Inscriptions, Semitic or
Semitic inscriptions – Hebrew – Pomegranate Scepter Head; Hebrew – Kuntillet 'Ajrud and Khirbet el-Qôm; Hebrew – Jar Impressions, Weights, Seals, and Bullæ; Moabite; Moabite – Mesha Stela; Old Aramaic; Old Aramaic – Tell Fakhariyeh; Old Aramaic – Tel Dan; Phoenician; Phoenician – Byblos (Ahiram); Conclusion;
Isaac, Testament of or
Testament of Isaac;
Isaiah, Book of or
Book of Isaiah – Message – Memories of Isaiah's Vision (Chs. 1-39) – A People in Revolt (Ch. 1); Message – Memories of Isaiah's Vision (Chs. 1-39) – Judgment for Babylon and the Nations (Chs. 13-35); Message – Memories of Isaiah's Vision (Chs. 1-39) – Isaiah and Hezekiah (Chs. 36-39);
Jael;
James – James the son of Alphaeus; James the son of Mary; James the father of Judas;
James, Ascents of or
Ascents of James;
James, Letter of or
Letter of James – Theological Emphases – Wisdom; Theological Emphases – Love, Faith, and Works; Theological Emphases – Perfection; Theological Emphases – Eschatology;
James the Greater, Acts of or
Acts of James the Greater;
Janoah* – Janoah (town on the eastern border of Ephraim); Janoah (city in the northern region of Naphtali);
Jattir;
Jealousy;
Jehoiachin;
Jehoram – Jehoram (son and successor or Jehoshaphat)*;
Jehosheba;
Jerahmeel* – Jerahmeel (brother of Ram and Caleb);
Jeremiah, Lamentations of or
Lamentations of Jeremiah;
Jericho – Old Testament and Apocrypha; New Testament; Tulûl Abū el-‘Alayiq;
Jerusalem – Name; Ancient Sources; Archaeological Evidence;
Jerusalem, Gates of or
Gates of Jerusalem – Prexilic Period; Preexilic Period – Temple Gates; Preexilic Period – City Gates;
Jesus Christ – Public Career; Teaching – The Nature of the Kingdom; Teaching – Its Time and Place; Teaching – Preparation and Discipleship; Teaching – The Poor and Sinners; Teaching – Self-Conception; Teaching – Ethics; Miracles; Controversy and Danger – Crowds and Autonomy;
Jesus Christ, Wisdom of or
Wisdom of Jesus Christ;
Jewish Christians – Sources; History;
Job, Book of or
Book of Job – Composition and Structure;
John, Gospel of or
Gospel of John – Contents; Authorship and Composition; Date; Readers; Relationship to Other NT Books – Synoptic Gospels; Relationship to Other NT Books – Johannine Epistles; Relationship to Other NT Books – Revelation; Theological Emphasis;
John, Letters of or
Letters of John – 2 John; 3 John; Date and Location;
John the Baptist – Sources; Name; Followers;
Jonah, Book of or
Book of Jonah – Jonah Called (1:1-3); Jonah Pursued (1:4-16); Jonah's Response to God's Deliverance (1:17-2:10 [MT 2:1-11]); Nineveh and God Repent (3:1-10); A Theological Debate (4:1-11);
Joppa;
Joseph – Joseph (father of Igal); Joseph (of the sons of Asaph); Joseph (descendant of Binnui); Joseph (returner of Neh.); Joseph (son of Oziel); Joseph (son of Zechariah); Joseph (brother of Judas Maccabeus); Joseph (brother of Jesus); Joseph (brother of James, son of Mary); Joseph (father of Jannai); Joseph (father of Judah); Joseph (disciple of Jesus called Barsabbas); Joseph (became Barnabas);
Joseph the Carpenter, History of or
History of Joseph the Carpenter;
Jotbah;
Judah, Kingdom of or
Kingdom of Judah – History – Sources; History – Divided Kingdom; History – Omride Dynasty; History – Aramean Domination;
Judas, Gospel of or
Gospel of Judas;
Jude, Letter of or
Letter of Jude – Literary Structure; Sources; The Opponents; Date; Destination; Message;
Judea;
Judges, Book of or
Book of Judges – Formation; The Judges; Contents – The Conquest (1:1-2:5); Contents – Exploits of the Judges (2:6-16:31); Contents – Appendices (17:1-21:25); Themes; New Directions;
Junia;
Juttah;
Maccabees;
Machpelah;
Magic – Ancient Mediterranean and Near East;
Magistrate;
Mahalab;
Mahalath or
Basemoth* – Mahalath or Basemoth (cryptic term in Psalms);
Mahanaim;
Makkedah;
Malachi, Book of or
Book of Malachi – Date; Historical Background; Genre; Outline and Message – 1:2-5 God's Love for Israel; Outline and Message – 1:6-2:9 Pollution by the Priests; Outline and Message – 2:10-16 Unfaithfulness within the Community; Outline and Message – 2:17-3:5 – Cleansing of the Community; Outline and Message – 3:6-12 Paying for Cultic Services; Outline and Message – 3:13-4:3 (3:21) Hope for the Community; Outline and Message – 4:4-6 (3:22-24) Living in the Community;
Malta;
Manichaeism;
Mantic;
Maon (place) – Maon (now Khirbet el-Ma'in);
Marcion, Gospel of or
Gospel of Marcion;
Mareshah (place) or
Marisa;
Mary – Mary of Bethany; Mary the mother of James and Joseph; Mary wife of Cleopas; Mary the mother of John Mark; Mary of Rome;
Masada;
Mattanah;
Meat;
Melchior;
Melchizedek – Genesis 14; Psalm 110;
Melqart;
Menahem;
Menelaus;
Mephibosheth* – Mephibosheth (son of Saul); Mephibosheth (grandson of Saul);
Merodach-baldan;
Mesopotamia;
Mezuzah;
Michal;
Middin;
Midrash;
Migdal-gad;
Millo* – Millo (fortification or construction in Jerusalem at an unknown location); Millo (construction of Solomon);
Mishael* – Mishael (alternate name of Meshach, companion of Daniel);
Mishnah;
Moladah;
Monotheism – Ancient Israel; New Testament;
Mordecai* – Mordecai (character in the Book of Esther);
Mount of God or
Mountain of God;
Mughara, Wadi el- or
Wadi el-Mughara* – Mughara, Wadi el- or Wadi el-Mughara (on the western side of Mt. Carmel); Mughara, Wadi el- or Wadi el-Mughara (in the southwestern Sinai);
Muratorian Fragment;
Music or
Musical instruments – Old Testament - bĕkōl ‘ăsê bĕrôšîm; Old Testament - hālîl; Old Testament - hăsōsĕrâ; Old Testament - kinnôr; Old Testament - mĕna‘an‘îm; Old Testament - mĕsiltayim or selsĕlim; Old Testament - nēbel or nēbel ‘āśôr; Old Testament - pa‘ămôn; Old Testament - šôpār; Old Testament - qeren hayyôbēl; Old Testament - tōp; Old Testament - ‘ûgāb; Old Testament - Daniel; Old Testament - Collective terms; Old Testament - Superscriptions to the Psalms;
Myrrh;
Mysia;
Palestine, Land of or
Land of Palestine – Physical Description – Central Range – Lebanon; Physical Description – Central Range – Galilee; Physical Description – Central Range – Jezreel; Physical Description – Central Range – Jerusalem; Physical Description – Central Range – Mt. Judah; Physical Description – Central Range – Shephelah; Physical Description – Central Range – Wilderness of Judah; Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Beqa‘; Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Mt. Hermon; Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Sea of Galilee; Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Jordan River; Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Dead Sea; Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Southern Arabah; Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Reed Sea; Physical Description – Transjordan – Bashan; Physical Description – Transjordan – Gilead; Physical Description – Transjordan – Ammon; Physical Description – Transjordan – Moab; Physical Description – Transjordan – Edom;
Palmyra;
Pamphylia;
Paraclete;
Partridge;
Paul – Sources; Chronology;
Paul, Acts of or
Acts of Paul;
Paul, Apocalypse of or
Apocalypse of Paul;
Paul and Seneca, Letters of or
Letters of Paul and Seneca;
Paul and Thecla, Acts of or
Acts of Paul and Thecla;
Pella;
Pelusium;
Pentateuch – Unity and Diversity;
Pentecost;
Perga;
Perizzites;
Persia – Geography;
Peter, Acts of or
Acts of Peter;
Peter, First Letter of or
First Letter of Peter – Recipients; Author; Purpose; Theology;
Peter, Gospel of or
Gospel of Peter;
Peter, Second Letter of or
Second Letter of Peter – Theological Character; Date;
Peter and Paul, The Passion of or The
Passion of Peter and Paul;
Philemon;
Philemon, Letter to or
Letter to Philemon – Structure; Purpose;
Philip, Acts of or
Acts of Philip;
Phoebe;
Phoenicia – People and Language; Religion – Temple Personnel; Religion – Daily Sacred Liturgy; Religion – Sacrifice; Religion – Death and the Underworld; Society and Its Values;
Pine;
Pisgah;
Pithom;
Plants – Waterway Plants; Wilderness Plants; Thorns and Thistles; Flowers of the Field;
Pleaides;
Pool;
Poplar;
Pottery – Ceramic Types – Pottery Neolithic Period (ca. 6000-4000 B.C.E.); Ceramic Types – Chalcolithic Period (ca. 4000-3300); Ceramic Types – Early Bronze Age (ca. 3300-2000); Ceramic Types – Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000-1500); Ceramic Types – Late Bronze Age (ca. 1500-1200); Ceramic Types – Iron Age (ca. 1200-586); Ceramic Types – Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine Periods (ca. 586 B.C.E.-640 C.E.);
Praise;
Presbyter or
Presbytery;
Presence;
Prophet or
Prophecy – Conceptual World; The “End” of Prophecy;
Proverbs, Book of or
Book of Proverbs – Date; The Individual Sections – 1:1-7; The Individual Sections – 1:8-9:18; The Individual Sections – 10:1-22:16; The Individual Sections – 22:17-24:22; The Individual Sections – 24:23-24; The Individual Sections – 25:1-29:27; The Individual Sections – 30:1-31:31;
Purim;
Tabeel* – Tabeel (father of person whom the Syro-Ephraimite coalition planned to place on the throne of Judah);
Tamar (person)* – Tamar (daugher-in-law of Judah); Tamar (daughter of Absalom);
Tamar (place)* – Tamar (site marking the southeastern border of the restored, ideal Israel in Ezek.);
Tammuz;
Tarshish (person)* – Tarshish (official of Persia or Media in Esth.);
Tema (place);
Temeni;
Terror on every side;
Tertullus;
Testament;
Text of the Old Testament – Ancient Manuscripts – Qumran and Judean Desert – Qumran; Ancient Manuscripts – Qumran and Judean Desert – Judean Desert; Ancient Versions – Greek Versions; Ancient Versions – Latin Versions; Ancient Versions – Targums; Ancient Versions – Samaritan Pentateuch;
Text of the New Testament – Methods of Textual Criticism – External Evidence – Number of Supporting Witnesses; Methods of Textual Criticism – External Evidence – Age of Supporting Witnesses; Methods of Textual Criticism – External Evidence – Geographical Diversity of the Witnesses; Methods of Textual Criticism – External Evidence – “Quality” of the Supporting Witnesses; Text of the New Testament – Methods of Textual Criticism – Internal Evidence – Transcriptional Probabilities; Methods of Textual Criticism – Intrinsic Probabilities; The Text at the End of the Twentieth Century;
Theodotion;
Thessalonians, First Letter to the or
First Letter to the Thessalonians – Historical Context; Epistolatory Structure and Function; Significant Features – Eschatology; Significant Features – Familial Language; Significant Features – Ethical Instruction; Significant Features – Wrath against “the Jews”;
Thessalonians, Second Letter to the or
Second Letter to the Thessalonians – Structure and Purpose; Significant Features; Significant Features – Divine Justice; Significant Features – The “Day of the Lord”;
Theudas;
Thomas;
Thomas, Infancy Gospel of or
Infancy Gospel of Thomas;
Thrace;
Time – The Days to Come;
Timnah* – Timnah (city on the northern border of Judah);
Tirhakah;
Titus, Epistle of or
Epistle of Titus;
Tob;
Tobit, Book of or
Book of Tobit – Date, Language, and Versions; Later Use of Tobit;
Travel or
Transportation –Traveling Conditions;
Travelers, Valley of the or
Valley of the Travelers;
Tribulation;
Truth, Gospel of or
Gospel of Truth;
Tychicus;
Tyropoeon Valley;
Abda – Abda (father of Adoniram); Abda (son of Shammua);
Abdi – Abdi (grandfather of Ethan); Abdi (father of the Levite Kish); Abdi (divorcing Israelite of the time of Ezra);
Abdon (person) – Abdon (son of Hillel); Abdon (son of Shashak); Abdon (son of Jeiel); Abdon (son of Micah);
Abiel – Abiel (father of Kish); Abiel (Arbathite warrior);
Abiezer – Abiezer (descendant of Manasseh); Abiezer (of David's Champions);
Abihail – Abihail (father of Zuriel); Abihail (wife of Abishur); Abihail (man of the tribe of Gad); Abihail (daughter of Eliab); Abihail (father of Esther);
Abijah – Abijah (son of Samuel); Abijah (son of Jeroboam I); Abijah (head of the eighth division of priests); Abijah (wife of Hezron); Abijah (son of Becher); Abijah (priest who signed the covenant of Nehemiah); Abijah (head of a priestly group); Abijah (name on ostracons);
Abimelech – Abimelech (king of Gerar); Abimelech (Ruler David escaped); Abimelech (son of Abiathar);
Abinadab – Abinadab (father of Eleazer); Abinadab (son of Jesse); Abinadab (son of Saul);
Abiram – Abiram (son of Eliab); Abiram (son of Hiel);
Abishua – Abishua (son of Phinehas); Abishua (son of Bela);
Absalom – Absalom (messenger of Judas Maccabeus);
Achbor – Achbor (father of Baal-hanan); Achbor (son of Micaiah);
Achzib – Achzib (town in the Shephelah); Achzib (city 9 miles north of Acco);
Adah – Adah (wife of Lamech); Adah (wife of Esau);
Adaiah – Adaiah (man from Boskath); Adaiah (Levite of the family of Gershom); Adaiah (son of Jeroham); Adaiah (descendants of Bani and Binnui); Adaiah (son of Joiarib); Adaiah (father of Maaseiah);
Addi – Addi (leader of returning clan of Israelites); Addi (ancestor of Jesus);
Adiel – Adiel (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Adiel (son of Jahzerah); Adiel (father of Azmaveth);
Adna – Adna (son of Pahath-moah); Adna (priest of the family of Harim);
Adnah – Adnah ("chief of thousands"); Adnah (officer under Jehoshaphat);
Adonijah – Adonijah (Levite of 2 Chr.); Adonijah (signer of the covenant of Nehemiah);
Ahab – Ahab (son of Kolaiah);
Ahasuerus – Ahasuerus (possible Biblical name of Xerxes I); Ahasuerus (Ahasuerus the Mede); Ahasuerus (a destroyer of Ninezeh in Tobit);
Ahiezer – Ahiezer (son of Ammishaddai); Ahiezer (kinsman of Saul);
Ahihud – Ahihud (son of Shelomi); Ahihud (descendant of Ehud);
Ahijah – Ahijah (son of Ahitub); Ahijah (prophet from Shiloh); Ahijah (son of Shisha); Ahijah (father of Baasha); Ahijah (son of Jerahmeel); Ahijah (son of Ehud); Ahijah (Pelonite); Ahijah (Levite under David);
Ahimaaz – Ahimaaz (father of Ahinoam); Ahimaaz (son of Zadok); Ahimaaz (one of Solomon's commissary officers);
Ahiman – Ahiman (descendant of Anak); Ahiman (Levite of 1 Chr.);
Ahimelech – Ahimelech (son of Ahitub); Ahimelech (friend of David); Ahimelech (son of Abiathar);
Ahio – Ahio (son of Abinadab); Ahio (son of Beriah); Ahio (brother of Kish);
Ahitub – Ahitub (son of Phinehas); Ahitub (son of Amariah); Ahitub (son of another Amariah); Ahitub (ancestor of Judith);
Ahlai – Ahlai (daughter of Sheshan); Ahlai (father of Zabad);
Aiah – Aiah (son of Zibeon); Aiah (father of Rizpah);
Aijalon – Aijalon (levitical city); Aijalon (burial place of Elon);
Ain – Ain (town in Numbers); Ain (city in Judah); Ain (city given to the descendants of Joshua);
Akkub – Akkub (son of Elioenai); Akkub (head of levitical family of gatekeepers); Akkub (chief of a family of temple servants); Akkub (Levite in Neh.);
Alemeth (person) – Alemeth (son of Becher); Alemeth (descendant of Saul);
Alexander – Alexander (son of Simon of Cyrene); Alexander (priest who questioned Peter and John after their arrest); Alexander (Jew of Ephesus); Alexander (of 1 Tim.); Alexander (coppersmith of 2 Tim.);
Alexandra – Alexandra (daughter of Aristobulus); Alexandra (daughter of Phasael);
Alphaeus – Alphaeus (father of James); Alphaeus (father of Levi);
Amariah – Amariah (son of Hebron); Amariah (priest descended from Eleazar); Amariah (son of Azariah); Amariah (high priest at the time of Jehoshaphat); Amariah (levitical priest of time of Hezekiah of Judah); Amariah (son of Hezekiah); Amariah (priest and son of Azariah); Amariah (man of the family of Azzur); Amariah ("son of Amariah" in Neh.); Amariah (name on seals);
Amasa – Amasa (kinsman of David); Amasa (son of Hadlai);
Amasai – Amasai (son of Elkanah); Amasai (Chief of David' Thirty); Amasai (priest of 1 Chr.); Amasai (father of Mahath);
Amaziah – Amaziah (father of Joshah); Amaziah (Levite of the family of Merair); Amaziah (priest of era of Jeroboam II);
Ammiel – Ammiel (son of Gemalli); Ammiel (father of Machir); Ammiel (father of Bathsheba); Ammiel (son of Obed-edom);
Ammihud – Ammihud (father of Elishama); Ammihud (father of Shemuel); Ammihud (father of Pedahel); Ammihud (father of King Talmai); Ammihud (returning exile of 1 Chr.);
Aminadab – Aminadab (son of Ram); Aminadab (son of Kohath); Aminadab (chief of levitical family of Uzziel); Aminadab (father of Esther); Aminadab (King of Beth-ammon);
Amnon – Amnon (son of David); Amnon (son of Shimon);
Amon (person) – Amon (official of Samaria); Amon (returner from exile);
Amram – Amram (grandson of Levi); Amram (son of Bani);
Amzi – Amzi (son of Bani); Amzi (son of Zechariah);
Anah – Anah (son of Zibeon); Anah (son of Seir);
Anaiah – Anaiah (who stood at Ezra's right hand); Anaiah (chief who sealed the covenant of Nehemiah);
Andronicus – Andronicus (deputy under Antiochus IV Epiphanius); Andronicus (Commander of garrison at Gerizim); Andronicus (fellow prisoner of Paul);
Anna – Anna (wife of Tobit); Anna (widow in Luke); Anna (Mother of Mary);
Antigonus – Antigonus (general of Alexander the Great); Antigonus (son of John Hyrcanus); Antigonus (Antigonus II of Judea);
Antipas – Antipas (Herod Antipas); Antipas (martyr of Pergamum);
Antipater – Antipater (son of Jason); Antipater (Idumean noble); Antipater (son of Herod);
Aphek – Aphek (Afqā); Aphek (town of the tribe of Asher); Aphek (town in the Golan);
Arah – Arah (son of Ulla); Arad (ancestor of returners);
Aram (person) – Aram (son of Shem); Aram (son of Kemuel); Aram (son of Shemer); Aram (ancestor of Jesus);
Ariel (person) – Ariel (of Ezra's delegation); Ariel (two Moabites killed by Benaiah);
Arioch – Arioch (king of Ellasar); Arioch (captain of Nebuchadnezzar's bodyguards); Arioch (King of the Chaldeans);
Aristobulus – Aristobulus I; Aristobulus II; Aristobulus (mentioned in Romans);
Aroer – Aroer (Aroer on the Arnon); Aroer (town in Gilead); Aroer (town near Damascus); Aroer (settlement west of Jordan);
Arphaxad – Arphaxad (king of the Medes); Arphaxad (ancestor of Jesus);
Artaxerxes – Artaxerxes I Longimanus; Artaxerxes II Mnemon;
Asa - Asa (father of Berechiah);
Asahel – Asahel (son of Zeruiah); Asahel (Levite sent into Judah in 2 Chr.); Asahel (Levite who collected tithes); Asahel (father of Jonathan); Asahel (son of Ezora);
Asaiah – Asaiah (servant sent to Huldah); Asaiah (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Asaiah (head of a Merarite levitical family); Asaiah (firstborn of the Shilonites returning from exile);
Asaph – Asaph (father of Joah); Asaph ("sons of Asaph"); Asaph (Keeper of Artaxerxes' park);
Asher – Asher (Akkadian god); Asher (son of Jacob);
Ashnah – Ashnah (Josh 15:33); Ashnah (Josh 15:43);
Asiel – Asiel (father of Seraiah); Asiel (ancestor of Tobit); Asiel (scribe of Ezra);
Asshur (place) – Asshur (Assur of Assyria); Asshur (alternate name for Assyria);
Assir – Assir (son of Korah); Assir (son of Ebiasaph);
Ataroth – Ataroth (town in Transjordan); Ataroth (town in Josh 16:2); Ataroth (town in Josh 16:7); Ataroth (place in 1 Chr 2:54);
Ater – Ater (ancestor of returning family); Ater (Levite leader of a family of gatekeepers); Ater (Israelite covenant sealer in Neh.);
Athaliah – Athaliah (son of Jeroham); Athaliah (father of Jeshaiah);
Attai – Attai (son of Jarha); Attai (Gadite warrior at Ziklag); Attai (son of Rehoboam);
Aven – Aven (abbreviation of Beth-aven); Aven (derisive epithet for an Armenean valley); Aven (city possibly Heliopolis);
Avvim – Avvim (inhabitants of the Philistine Plain); Avvim (city of the tribe of Benjamin);
Azarel – Azarel (Korahite at Ziklag); Azarel (levitical singer of time of David); Azarel (son of Jeroham); Azarel (descendant of Binnui); Azarel (son of Ahzai); Azarel (priest of Neh.);
Azariah – Azariah (son of Zadok); Azariah (son of Nathan); Azariah (given name of King Uzziah); Azariah (great-grandson of Judah); Azariah (descendant of Judah); Azariah (descendant of Aaron); Azariah (priest in Solomon's temple); Azariah (father of Hilkiah); Azariah (of the Kohathite division of Levites); Azariah (priest of 1 Chr.); Azariah (son of Oded); Azariah (two sons of Jehoshaphat); Azariah (son of Jeroham and son of Oded, military officers); Azariah (priest of 2 Chr.); Azariah (murdered Ephraimite); Azariah (two men, father of Joel and son of Jehallel, who helped clean the temple); Azariah (chief priest under Hezekiah); Azariah (grandfather of Ezra); Azariah (father of Amariah); Azariah (wall repairer of Neh.); Azariah (one of the leaders of the exile returners); Azariah (interpreter of Ezra); Azariah (emigrant to Egypt in Jer.); Azariah (Hebrew name of Abednego);
Azaziah – Azaziah (Levite who played the lyre); Azaziah (father of Hoshea); Azaziah (overseer of the temple in 2 Chr.);
Azvameth (person) – Azvameth (one of David's Champions); Azvameth (Benjaminite of Ziklag); Azvameth (treasurer at the palace of David); Azvameth (son of Jehoaddah);
Azriel – Azriel (of the tribe of Manasseh); Azriel (father of Jerimoth); Azriel (father of Seraiah);
Azrikam – Azrikam (son of Neariah); Azrikam (son of Azel); Azrikam (son of Hashabiah); Azrikam (murdered by Zichri);
Azubah – Azubah (daughter of Shilhi); Azubah (wife of Caleb);
Azzur – Azzur (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Azzur (father of Hananiah); Azzur (father of Jaazaniah);
Baal (person) – Baal (descendant of Joel); Baal (son of Jeiel);
Baalah – Baalah (Kiriath-jearaim); Baalah (mountain on the border of Judah); Baalah (city of southern Judah);
Baal-hanan – Baal-hanan (son of Achbor); Baal-hanan (Overseer of olives under David);
Baana – Baana (son of Ahilud); Baana (son of Hushai); Baana (father of Zadok);
Baanah – Baanah (son of Rimmon); Baanah (father of Heleb); Baanah (leader of exile returners);
Bani – Bani (Gadite member of David's Thirty); Bani (Levite of the line of Ethan of the time of David); Bani (son of Perez); Bani (family of 642 returners); Bani (father of Rehum); Bani (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah);
Barsabbas – Barsabbas (surname of Joseph); Barsabbas (surname of Judas);
Baruch – Baruch (son of Zabbai); Baruch (ratifier of the covenant of Nehemiah); Baruch (son of Colhozeh);
Barzillai – Barzillai (Gileadite of Rogelim); Barzillai (father of Adriel); Barzillai (husband of the daughter of Barzillai the Gileadite);
Basemath – Basemath (wife of Esau); Basemath (daughter of Solomon);
Bath-shua – Bath-shua (wife of Judah); Bath-shua (alternate form of Bathsheba);
Bealoth – Bealoth (city of Judah); Bealoth (place in Asher);
Bebai – Bebai (ancestor of returners); Bebai (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah);
Bedan – Bedan (son of Ulam); Bedan (of 1 Samuel);
Beer (place to which Jotham fled);
Beeri – Beeri (father of Judith); Beeri (father of Hosea);
Bela (person) – Bela (son of Boer); Bela (son of Benjamin); Bela (son of Azaz);
Benaiah – Benaiah (son of Jehoiada); Benaiah (one of David's Thirty); Benaiah (Simeonite chief in 1 Chr.); Benaiah (Levite musician of David); Benaiah (trumpet blower of the ark of David); Benaiah (priest of 2 Chr.); Benaiah (four divorcing Israelites of the time of Ezra); Benaiah (father of Pelatiah);
Ben-hadad – Ben-hadad I; Ben-hadad II;
Benjamin – Benjamin (son of Bilhan);
Beor – Beor (father of Bela); Beor (father of Balaam);
Berechiah – Berechiah (son of Zerubbabel); Berechiah (father of Asaph); Berechiah (son of Asa); Berechiah (gatekeeper of the ark under David); Berechiah (son of Meshillemoth); Berechiah (son of Meshezabel); Berechiah (son of Iddo);
Beriah or
Beriites – Beriah or Beriites (son of Asher); Beriah or Beriites (son of Ephraim); Beriah or Beriites (son of Elpaal); Beriah or Beriites (son of Shimei);
Beroea – Beroea (Macedonian city); Beroea (Hellenistic name of Aleppo);
Bethany - Bethany (“Bethany beyond the Jordan” where John the Baptist baptized);
Beth-dagon – Beth-dagon (town of Judah); Beth-dagon (town of Asher);
Bethel - Bethel (town in the Negeb of Judah);
Bethlehem – Bethlehem (town of Zebulon);
Beteh-shemesh - Beth-shemesh (village South of the Sea of Galilee); Beth-shemesh (settlement of Naphtali); Beth-shemesh (alternate name for Egyptian On);
Beyond the river – Beyond the river (area east of the Euphrates); Beyond the river (district of Haran);
Bezalel – Bezalel (Judahite descendant of Caleb); Bezalel (returner from exile);
Bezek – Bezek (town of Judges); Bezek (town of 1 Sam.);
Bigvai – Bigvai (returner from Exile); Bigvai (family group returning from exile);
Bilgah – Bilgah (head of priestly family at time of David); Bilgah (leader of family of returning priests);
Bilhan – Bilhan (son of Ezer); Bilhan (son of Jediael);
Binnui – Binnui (son of Pahath-moab); Binnui (father of 13 divorcers); Binnui (ancestor of family of returners); Binnui (Levite contemporary of Zerubbabel);
Bozrah – Bozrah (city in Jer.); Bozrah (city in Gilead);
Bukki – Bukki (leader of the tribe of Dan); Bukki (son of Abishua);
Bunni – Bunni (Levite in Neh.); Bunni (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah); Bunni (ancestor of Shemaiah);
Buz – Buz (son of Nahor); Buz (father of Jahdo);
Cabul – Cabul (town of Asher); Cabul (district in Galilee);
Cainan – Cainan (son of Arphaxad); Cainan (alternate name of Kenan);
Calcol – Calcol (grandson of Judah); Calcol (son of Mahol);
Caleb – Caleb (son of Hezron); Caleb (son of Jephunneh);
Carmi – Carmi (son of Reuben); Carmi (father of Achan); Carmi (possible alternative name of Caleb);
Chelub – Chelub (father of Mehir); Chelub (father of Ezri);
Chenaanah – Chenaanah (father of Zedekiah); Chenaanah (son of Bilhan);
Chenaniah – Chenaniah (chief of Levites at time of David); Chenaniah (Levite of 1 Chr. and Neh.);
Chinnereth – Chinnereth (lake in northern Israel); Chinnereth (city near Sea of Chinnereth); Chinnereth (territory around the city and lake);
Col-hozeh – Col-hozeh (father of Shallum); Col-hozeh (father of Baruch);
Conaniah – Conaniah (Levite of time of Hezekiah); Conaniah (Levite of time of Josiah);
Cush (person) – Cush (son of Ham); Cush (messenger to David); Cush (opponent of David);
Cushi – Cushi (father of Shelemiah); Cushi (father of Zephaniah);
D – D (Deuteronomist); D (symbol for Codex Bezae [D] and Codex Claromontanus [D2]);
Daniel – Daniel (son of David); Daniel (priest returned from exile); Daniel (praised by Ezekiel);
Darius - Darius (Darius II Ochus); Darius (Darius III Codommanus); Darius (Darius the Mede);
Debir - Debir (city in Gilead); Debir (city on Judah-Benjamin border);
Deborah - Deborah (nurse of Rebekah); Deborah (grandmother of Tobit);
Delaiah – Delaiah (son of Elioenai); Delaiah (descendant of Aaron); Delaiah (ancestor of returning exiles); Delaiah (son of Mehetabel); Delaiah (son of Shemaiah);
Demetrius - Demetrius of Phalerum; Demetrius of Ephesus; Demetrius (3 John);
Dibon - Dibon (town of the Negeb in Judah);
Dishon – Dishon (son of Seir); Dishon (son of Anah);
Dodo – Dodo (father of Puah); Dodo (son of Ahohi); Dodo (father of Elhanan);
Dumah (place) – Dumah (city of Judah); Dumah (Dumat al-Jandal); Dumah (mentioned in Isaiah);
Ebal (person) – Ebal (son of Shobal); Ebal (son of Joktan);
Ebed – Ebed (father of Gaal); Ebed (son of Jonathan);
Eber – Eber (ancestor of Hebrews); Eber (clan of the tribe of Gad); Eber (son of Elpaal); Eber (son of Shashak); Eber (postexilic priest);
Eder (person) – Eder (postexilic Benjaminite); Eder (son of Mushi);
Eder (place) – Eder (town in southern Judah); Eder (landmark in the vicinity of Bethlehem);
Edrei – Edrei (Transjordanian city); Edrei (city in Naphtali);
Ehud – Ehud (son of Bilhan); Ehud (father of Naaman);
Elah – Elah (one of the 11 chiefs of Esau/Edom); Elah (4th king of Israel); Elah (father of Hoshea); Elah (son of Caleb); Elah (returning Benjaminite);
Elam (person) – Elam (son of Shem); Elam (son of Shashak); Elam (son of Meshelemiah); Elam (head of returning clan of Israelites); Elam ("other Elam"); Elam (signer of covenant of Nehemiah); Elam (priest who assisted Nehemiah);
Elasah – Elasah (son of Pashhur); Elasah (son of Shaphan);
Eleasah – Eleasah (son of Helez); Eleasah (son of Raphah);
Eleazar – Eleazar (son of Aaron); Eleazar (son of Abinadab); Eleazar (son of Dodo); Eleazar (son of Mali); Eleazar (son of Phinehas); Eleazar (priest of dedication in Neh.); Eleazar (son of Parosh); Eleazar (son of Mattathias); Eleazar (father of Jason); Eleazar (scribe of 2 Macc.); Eleazar (ancestor of Joseph);
Elhanan – Elhanan (son of Jair); Elhanan (son of Dodo);
Eliab – Eliab (son of Helon); Eliab (father of Dothan); Eliab (son of Jesse); Eliab (descendant of Levi); Eliab (Gadite officer of David); Eliab (Levite harpist of 1 Chr.); Eliab (ancestor of Judith);
Eliada – Eliada (son of David); Eliada (father of Rezon); Eliada (Benjaminte officer of Jehoshaphat);
Eliakim – Eliakim (official of Hezekiah); Eliakim (son of Josiah); Eliakim (priest of Neh.); Eliakim (grandson of Zerubbabel); Eliakim (son of Melea);
Eliam – Eliam (father of Bathsheba); Eliam (son of Ahithophel);
Eliasaph – Eliasaph (head of tribe of Gad); Eliasaph (son of Lael);
Eliashib – Eliashib (descendant of David); Eliashib (priest of the time of David); Eliashib (father of Jehohanan); Eliashib (singer of the time of Ezra); Eliashib (descendant of Zattu); Eliashib (descendant of Bani); Eliashib (high priest of the time of Nehemiah); Eliashib (son of Joiakim); Eliashib (priest of the temple staff of Neh.);
Eliehoenai – Eliehoenai (son of Meshelemiah); Eliehoenai (son of Zerahiah);
Eliel – Eliel (head of Manassite household of 1 Chr.); Eliel (ancestor of Samuel); Eliel (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Eliel (Mahavite of David's Mighty Men); Eliel (Gadite who joined David); Eliel (Levite of the sons of Hebron); Eliel (Levite under Hezekiah);
Eliezer – Eliezer (oldest of Abraham's servants); Eliezer (son of Moses); Eliezer (son of Becher); Eliezer (trumpet blowing priest); Eliezer (son of Zichri); Eliezer (son of Dodavahu); Eliezer (priest sent by Ezra); Eliezer (divorcing son of priest of Ezra); Eliezer (divorcing Levite); Eliezer (son of Harim); Eliezer (ancestor of Jesus);
Elihu – Elihu (son of Tohu); Elihu (defecting chief at Ziklag); Elihu (gatekeeper of the lineage of Obed-edom); Elihu (brother of David);
Elioenai – Elioenai (son of Neariah); Elioenai (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Elioenai (son of Becher); Elioenai (divorcing priest); Elioenai (Israelite of the Zattu clan of Ezra); Elioenai (priest of Neh.);
Eliphelet – Eliphelet (son(s?) of David); Eliphelet (of David's Thirty); Eliphelet (son of Eshek); Eliphelet (returning descendant of Adonikam); Eliphelet (divorcing descendant of Hashum);
Elishama – Elishama (son of Ammihud); Elishama (son of David); Elishama (father of Nethaniah); Elishama (descendant of Jerahmeel); Elishama (priest of Jehosaphat's commission); Elishama (scribe under Jehoiakim);
Elizaphan – Elizaphan (son of Uzziel); Elizaphan (son of Parnach);
Elkanah – Elkanah (descendant of Korah); Elkanah (ancestor of Samuel of Chr. 6:25); Elkanah (ancestor of Samuel of Chr. 6:26); Elkanah (ancestor of Berechiah); Elkanah (Korahite of David's Mighty Men); Elkanah (Davidic Levite doorkeeper of the ark); Elkanah (official of Ahaz);
Elnathan – Elnathan (father of Nehushta); Elnathan (1 or 2 "leaders" and a "wise" returner from exile); Elnathan (son of Achbor);
Elon (person) – Elon (father of Basemath); Elon (son of Zebulun); Elon (Zebulunite judge);
Elzabad – Elzabad (Gadite of Ziklag); Elzabad (Korahite temple gatekeeper); En-gannim – En-gannim (settlement in the Judean Shephelah); En-gannim (levitical city of Issachar);
Enoch – Enoch (son of Cain);
Ephah (person) – Ephah (concubine of Caleb); Ephah (son of Jahdai);
Epher – Epher (son of Midian); Epher (son of Ezrah); Epher (of 1 Chr. 5:24);
Ephrath (place) – Ephrath (city near where Rachel died); Ephrath (place where Rachel was buried); Ephron (place) – Ephron (district on the northern border of Judah); Ephron (town taken by King Abijah of Jordan); Ephron (large town of 1 Macc.);
Er – Er (son of Judah); Er (son of Shelah); Er (father of Elmadam);
Eshtemoa (person) – Eshtemoa (son of Ishbah); Eshtemoa (descendant of Hodiah);
Etam – Etam (place where Samson lodged); Etam (town occupied by the descendants of Simeon); Etam (town in the hill country of Judah);
Ethan – Ethan (one of the sons of Mahol); Ethan (descendant of Zerah); Ethan (son of Zimmah); Ethan (son of Kishi);
Ether – Ether (town of the tribal allotment of Judah); Ether (town occupied by the tribe of Simeon within the tribal allotment of Judah);
Ezbon – Ezbon (son of Gad); Ezbon (son of Bela);
Ezer – Ezer (son of Seir); Ezer (father of Hushah); Ezer (cattle raiding Ephraimite); Ezer (joined David at Ziklag); Ezer (son of Jeshua); Ezer (priest of Neh.);
Ezra – Ezra (priest of Neh. 12:1, 13); Ezra (priest of Neh. 12:33);
Gabael – Gabael (ancestor of Tobit); Gabael (friend of Tobit);
Gad (person) – Gad (son of Jacob); Gad (David's prophet or seer);
Gaddi – Gaddi (son of Susi); Gaddi (nikname of Judas Maccabeus' brother John);
Gaius – Gaius (Macedonian who traveled with Paul to Ephesus); Gaius (Paul's companion from Derbe); Gaius (Corinthian baptized by Paul); Gaius (recipient of 3 John);
Galal – Galal (Levite of 1 Chr. 9:15); Galal (son of Jeduthun);
Gamaliel – Gamaliel (son of Pedahur); Gamaliel (Gamaliel II);
Gath-rimmon – Gath-rimmon (city allotted to Dan); Gath-rimmon (city reallotted from Manasseh to Levites);
Gazez – Gazez (son of Caleb); Gazez (son of Haran);
Gebal - Gebal (now Gibal territory);
Gedaliah – Gedaliah (son of Ahikam); Gedaliah (musician of David's reign); Gedaliah (of the family of Jeshua); Gedaliah (son of Pashhur); Gedaliah (grandfather of Zephaniah);
Gederah – Gederah (town in the Shephelah); Gederah (home town of Jozabad the Gederathite);
Gedor (place) – Gedor (town in the Judean hill country); Gedor (city in Gilead and capital of Perea);
Gemariah – Gemariah (son of Hilkiah); Gemariah (son of Shaphan);
Gera – Gera (son of Benjamin); Gera (father of Ehud); Gera (father of Shimei); Gera (name in 1 Chr. 8:1-40); Gera (son of Ehud);
Gershom – Gershom (son of Moses); Gershom (son of Levi); Gershom (descendant of Phinehas);
Gibeah – Gibeah (town in the hill country of Judah); Gibeah (town in the hill country of Ephraim);
Giddel – Giddel (returning temple servant); Giddel (servant of Solomon);
Gihon – Gihon (river of Genesis);
Gilead (person) – Gilead (son of Machir); Gilead (father of Jephthah); Gilead (ancestor of the Gadite clan);
Gilgal – Gilgal (place "opposite" Mts. Gerizim and Ebal); Gilgal (place in Galilee); Gilgal (place on the northern border of Judah); Gilgal (site north of Bethel); Gilgal (iste Demetrius passed in 1 Macc.);
Ginnethon – Ginnethon (priest of Neh. 10:6); Ginnethon (priest of Neh. 12:16);
Goiim – Goiim (kingdom led by Tidal); Goiim (kingdom whose king was defeated by Joshua); Goiim (alt. form of goyim);
Gomer – Gomer (son of Japheth); Gomer (son of Diblaim);
Goshen – Goshen (region in southern Canaan); Goshen (town in the hill country assigned to Judah);
Guni – Guni (son of Naphtali); Guni (father of Abdiel);
Hadad (person) – Hadad (son of Ishmael); Hadad (king of Edom, son of Bedad); Hadad (later king of Edom); Hadad (Edomite king, enemy of Solomon);
Hanan – Hanan (son of Shashak); Hanan (son of Azel); Hanan (son of Maacah); Hanan (head of family of returners); Hanan (Levite of the time of Ezra); Hanan (Two men listed as leaders of the people in Neh.); Hanan (son of Zaccur); Hanan (guild member who occupied a chamber of the temple in Jer.);
Hanani - Hanani (son of Heman); Hanani (son of the priestly family of Immer); Hanani (Nehemiah's brother); Hanani (priest and trumpeter of Neh.);
Hananiah – Hananiah (son of Zerubbabel); Hananiah (postexilic member of tribe of Benjamin); Hananiah (son of Heman); Hananiah (commander under King Uzziah); Hananiah (of the family of Bebai who sent away foreign wife); Hananiah (son of Shelemiah); Hananiah (governor of the citadel/palace at time of Nehemiah); Hananiah (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Hananiah (priest and head of house of Jeremiah at time of Neh.); Hananiah (father of official under Jehoiakim); Hananiah (father of Chelemiah); Hananiah (changed name to Shadrach);
Hanniel – Hanniel (son of Ephod); Hanniel (son of Ulla);
Hanoch – Hanoch (son of Midian); Hanoch (son of Reuben);
Hanun – Hanun (son of Nahash); Hanun (Israelite helped restore walls in Neh.); Hanun (son of Zalaph);
Haran (person) – Haran (son of Terah); Haran (descendant of Judah); Haran (son of Shimei);
Harim – Harim (head of a priestly family at time of David); Harim (person or place that designates a lay family of returners in Ezra);
Harod – Harod (spring in Judg.); Harod (town SE of Jerusalem, exact location unknown);
Hasadiah – Hasadiah (son of Zerubbabel); Hasadiah (ancestor of Baruch);
Hashabiah – Hashabiah (father of Malluch); Hashabiah (father of Azrikam); Hashabiah (son of Jeduthun); Hashabiah (Hebronite official of David); Hashabiah (son of Kemuel); Hashabiah (chief officer of the Levites at time of Josiah); Hashabiah (descendant of Merari); Hashabiah (one of 12 priests set apart by Ezra); Hashabiah (divorcing descendant of Parosh); Hashabiah (ruler of half the district of Keilah at time of Neh.); Hashabiah (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Hashabiah (chief officer of the Levites at time of Neh.); Hashabiah (head of a priestly family of Hilkiah); Hashabiah (a leader of the Levites at time of Neh.);
Hashabneiah – Hashabneiah (father of Hattush); Hashabneiah (Levite at time of Neh.);
Hashum – Hashum (returner at time of Ezra); Hashum (representative of the family of Hashum at time of Ezra);
Hasrah – Hasrah (grandfather of Shallum); Hasrah (head of family of returning exiles);
Hassenuah – Hassenuah (father of Hodaviah); Hassenuah (father of Judah);
Hasshub – Hasshub (Levite of the line of Merari); Hasshub (son of Pahath-moab); Hasshub (Israelite who helped rebuild the walls);
Hattush – Hattush (son of Shemaiah); Hattush (son of Hashabneiah); Hattush (returning priest);
Havilah (person) – Havilah (son of Cush); Havilah (son of Joktan);
Hazor – Hazor (city in the Negeb); Hazor (city on the southern border of Judah); Hazor (town resettled by Benjaminites after the Restoration); Hazor (collective term for Arab kingdoms);
Heber – Heber (son of Beriah); Heber (Kenite descended from Hobab); Heber (descendant of Ezrah); Heber (son of Elpaal);
Hebron (person) – Hebron (son of Kohath); Hebron (son of Mareshah);
Heldai – Heldai (Netophatite of David's army); Heldai (returner from exile);
Helem – Helem (descendant of Asher); Helem (responsible for the crown of the high priest in Zech.);
Heleph;
Helez – Helez (descendadnt of Jerahmeel); Helez (Pelonite of the army of Ephraim);
Heliopolis – Heliopolis (Egyptian city Om); Heliopolis (Greek name of Baalbek);
Heman – Heman (descendant of Esau); Heman (son of Mahol); Heman (son of Joel);
Hepher (person) – Hepher (son of Gilead); Hepher (descendant of Judah); Hepher (one of David's mighty men);
Hephzibah – Hephzibah (wife of King Hezekiah); Hephzibah (symbolic name for Jerusalem);
Hezekiah – Hezekiah (head of family of returners); Hezekiah (ancestor of Zephaniah);
Hezir – Hezir (leader of 17th division of priests under David); Hezir (Levite who sealed the covenant of Neh.);
Hezron (person) – Hezron (son of Reuben); Hezron (son of Perez);
Hieronymus – Hieronymus (district governor in 2 Macc.); Hieronymus (Latin form of Jerome);
Hilkiah – Hilkiah (father of Eliakim); Hilkiah (High priest at time of Josiah); Hilkiah (pre-exilic Levite, possible great-grandfather of Ezra); Hilkiah (ancestor of Merari); Hilkiah (father of postexilic priest, various names); Hilkiah (gatekeeper at the time of David); Hilkiah (one who stood beside Ezra); Hilkiah (leader of the priests at time of Neh.); Hilkiah (father of Jeremiah); Hilkiah (father of Gemariah); Hilkiah (ancestor of Judith); Hilkiah (ancestor of Baruch); Hilkiah (ancestor of Susanne);
Hillel – Hillel (father of Abdon);
Hodaviah – Hodaviah (son of Elioenai); Hodaviah (head of a family in the half-tribe of Manasseh); Hodaviah (son of Hassenuah); Hodaviah (Levite ancestor of returners from exile);
Hodiah – Hodiah (brother-in-law of Nahum); Hodiah (Levite interpreter of the law of the time of Ezra); Hodiah (two Levites who signed the covenant of Ezra); Hodiah (an apparently non-Levite signer of the covenant of Ezra);
Holon – Holon (city in the hill country of Judah); Holon (city in the tableland of Moab);
Hor – Hor (mountain on which Aaron died); Hor (mountain marking the northern boundary of Israel);
Horn – Horn (container for liquids); Horn (symol of power, victory, or glory);
Hoshaiah – Hoshaiah (a leader of Judah in Neh.); Hoshaiah (father of Jezaniah);
Hoshea – Hoshea (original name of Joshua); Hoshea (last king of northern Israel); Hoshea (chief officer David placed over Ephraim); Hoshea (levitical priest who ratified Ezra's covenant); Hoshea (prophet also called Hosea);
Hotham – Hotham (son of Heber); Hotham (father of Shama);
Hur – Hur (companion of Moses and Aaron); Hur (grandfather of Bezalel); Hur (one of five kings slain at Peor); Hur (father of Solomon's governor in Ephraim); Hur (father of Rephaiah);
Huram – Huram (Tyrian metal-worker); Huram (alternate form of the name Hiram); Huram (son of Bela);
Hushim – Hushim (son of Dan); Hushim (sons of Aher); Hushim (mother of Abitub);
Hyrkanus – Hyrcanus (son of Tobias);
Iddo – Iddo (father of Ahinadab); Iddo (Levite descendant of Gershom); Iddo (prophet said to have authored a midrash); Iddo (grandfather of Zechariah); Iddo (tribal leader under David); Iddo (Yehudite who married a foreign woman); Iddo (Judean leader of the time of Ezra);
Igal – Igal (spy from Issachar); Igal (son of Nathan); Igal (son of Shemaiah);
Imnah – Imnah (son of Asher); Imnah (father of Kore);
Imri – Imri (ancestor of Uthai); Imri (father of Zaccur);
Ira – Ira (Manassite of the lineage of Jair); Ira (son of Ikkesh); Ira (Ithrite, one of David's Champions);
Ishi – Ishi (son of Appaim); Ishi (father of Zoheth); Ishi (Simeonite whose sons or followers defeated Amalekites in 1 Chr.); Ishi (head of a father's house in the half-tribe of Manasseh);
Ishmael – Ishmael (son of Azel); Ishmael (father of Zebediah); Ishmael (son of Johananan); Ishmael (son of Passhur); Ishmael (son of Nethaniah);
Ishmaiah – Ismaiah (Gibeonite leader of the Thirty); Ismaiah (son of Obadiah);
Ishvi – Ishvi (son of Asher); Ishvi (son of Saul);
Issachar – Issachar (son of Leah); Issachar (son of Obed-orem);
Isshiah – Isshiah (son of Izrahiah); Isshiah (who joined David at Ziklag); Isshiah (son of Uzziel); Isshiah (Levite of the family of Rehabiah);
Ithiel – Ithiel (ancestor of Sallu); Ithiel (person addressed in Proverbs);
Ithran – Ithran (son of Dishon); Ithran (son of Zophah);
Ittai – Ittai (man from Gath in 2 Sam.); Ittai (son of Ribai);
Izhar – Izhar (Levite father of Korah); Izhar (Judahite son of Helah);
Jaasiel – Jaasiel (Mezobaite, one of David's mighty men); Jaasiel (son of Abner);
Jaazaniah – Jaazaniah (commander of the troops of Judah under Gedaliah); Jaazaniah (son of Jeremiah); Jaazaniah (son of Shaphan); Jaazaniah (son of Azzur);
Jabin – Jabin (king of Hazor in Josh.); Jabin (king of Hazor in Judg.);
Jabneel – Jabneel (town on the southern border of the tribe of Judah); Jabneel (town on the southeastern border of Naphtali);
Jachin – Jachin (son of Simeon); Jachin (leader of the 21st priestly division at the time of David);
Jaddua – Jaddua (a "leader of the people" who sealed the covenant in Neh.); Jaddua (son of Jonathan);
Jahath – Jahath (son of Reaiah); Jahath (son of Libni); Jahath (grandson of Gershom); Jahath (son of Shelomoth); Jahath (overseer of the temple repair work force at the time of King Josiah);
Jahaziel – Jahaziel (Benjaminite who came to David at Ziklag); Jahaziel (priest at the time of David); Jahaziel (Korahite Levite of 1 Chr.); Jahaziel (son of Zechariah); Jahaziel (father of Shecaniah);
Jair – Jair (son of Manasseh); Jair (Jair the Gileadite); Jair (father of Elhanan); Jair (father of Mordecai);
Jakim – Jakim (son of Shimei); Jakim (leader of the twelfth division of priests at the time of David);
Japhia (person) – Japhia (king of Lachish); Japhia (son of David);
Jarib – Jarib (son of Simeon); Jarib (sent by Ezra to Casiphia); Jarib (priest Ezra ordered to give up a foreign wife);
Jarmuth – Jarmuth (city in Judah); Jarmuth (city in Issachar);
Jashobeam – Jashobeam (Hachmonite leader of David's Three); Jashobeam (son of Zabdiel); Jashobeam (Korahite who defected at Ziklag);
Jashub – Jashub (son of Issachar); Jashub (returned exile of Ezra);
Jason – Jason (son of Eleazar); Jason (father of Antipater); Jason (Cyrenian historian); Jason (high priest 174-171 B.C.E.); Jason (Jewish Christian of Acts 17:5-9); Jason (companion of Paul in Rom 16:21);
Jeconiah or
Jechoniah – Jeconiah or Jechoniah (altenate name of King Jehoiachin of Judah); Jeconiah or Jechoniah (Levitical priest of time of King Josiah); Jeconiah or Jechoniah (alternate name of King Jehoahaz or Judah);
Jedaiah – Jedaiah (son of Shimri); Jedaiah (eponymous ancestor of a priestly house); Jedaiah (wall builder of Neh.); Jedaiah (priest of the time of Neh.); Jedaiah (two levitical chiefs who returned at time of Neh. 12:6-7); Jedaiah (two head of family priest of Neh. 12:19, 21); Jedaiah (contemporary of the prophet Zechariah);
Jediael – Jediael (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Jediael (son of Shimri); Jediael (military chief who deserted David at Ziklag); Jediael (son of Meshelemiah);
Jeduthun – Jeduthun (father of Obed-edom); Jeduthun (Levitical musician of 1 and 2 Chr.);
Jehallelel – Jehallelel (descendant of Judah); Jehallelel (father of Azariah);
Jehdeiah – Jehdeiah (descendant of Shubael); Jehdeiah (Meronothite overseer of David's donkeys);
Jehiel – Jehiel (Levite musician of the time of David); Jehiel (founder of the levitical family of Jehieli); Jehiel (son of Hachmoni); Jehiel (Gershonite of 1 Chr.); Jehiel (Levite of 2 Chr.); Jehiel (Levite official of the time of Hezekiah); Jehiel (official of the time of Josiah); Jehiel (father of Obadiah); Jehiel (father of Shechasniah); Jehiel (priest of the family of Harim); Jehiel (Israelite of the family of Elam);
Jehoahaz – Jehoahaz (King of Judah son of Jehoram); Jehoahaz (King of Israel son of Jehu); Jehoahaz (17th King of Judah);
Jehohanan – Jehohanan (Korahite Levite gatekeeper of 1 Chr.); Jehohanan (Judahite commander in Jehoshaphat's army in 2 Chr.); Jehohanan (father of Ishmael); Jehohanan (owner of chamber to which Ezra retreated for fasting); Jehohanan (son of Bebai); Jehohanan (son of Tobiah the Ammonite); Jehohanan (head of a priestly house in Neh.); Jehohanan (priest at dedication of the walls in Neh.);
Jehoiada – Jehoiada (priest from Kabzeel); Jehoiada (son of Benaiah); Jehoiada (son of Eliashib); Jehoiada (priest replaced by Zephaniah);
Jehoiakim – Jehoiakim (son of Hilkiah);
Jehonathan – Jehonathan (Levite of 2 Chr.); Jehonathan (postexilic priest of Neh.);
Jehoram – Jehoram (priest of Judah);
Jehoshaphat – Jehoshaphat (son of Ahilud); Jehoshaphat (son of Paruah); Jehoshaphat (son of Nimshi);
Jehozabad – Jehozabad (servant of Joash of Judah); Jehozabad (son of Obed-edom); Jehozabad (Benjaminite commander of 2 Chr.);
Jehu – Jehu (prophet of the era of King Baasha of Israel); Jehu (son of Obed); Jehu (son of Joshibiah); Jehu (Benjaminite warrior of David at Ziklag);
Jeiel – Jeiel (clan chief of 1 Chr.); Jeiel (father of Gibeon); Jeiel (son of Hotham); Jeiel (Levite harpist of 1 Chr.); Jeiel (Asaphite Levite of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (secretary of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (chief of Levites of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (descendant of Nebo);
Jekamiah – Jekamiah (son of Shallum); Jekamiah (descendant of King Jeconiah);
Jephunneh – Jephunneh (father of Caleb); Jephunneh (son of Jether);
Jerahmeel – Jerahmeel (son of Kish); Jerahmeel (Judean officer under Jehoiakim);
Jeremiah – Jeremiah (man from Libnah); Jeremiah (clan head of 1 Chr.); Jeremiah (Benjaminite warrior that joined David at Ziklag); Jeremiah (two Gadite warriors who joined David at Ziklag); Jeremiah (priest who signed the covenant of Neh.); Jeremiah (priest returner of Neh.); Jeremiah (administrative official of Judah at Neh.); Jeremiah (prophet from Anathoth); Jeremiah (father of Jaazaniah);
Jeremoth – Jeremoth (of the sons of Becher); Jeremoth (son of Beriah); Jeremoth (son of Mushi); Jeremoth (son of Heman); Jeremoth (descendant of Elam); Jeremoth (descendant of Zattu); Jeremoth (descendant of Bani);
Jerimoth – Jerimoth (son of Bela); Jerimoth (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Jerimoth (family head of tribe of Levi of 1 Chr.); Jerimoth (temple musician and seer of time of David); Jerimoth (commander of Naphtali at time of David); Jerimoth (son of King David); Jerimoth (temple storeroom overseer of 2 Chr.);
Jeroham – Jeroham (father of Elkanah); Jeroham (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Ibneiah); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Adaiah); Jeroham (man from Gedor); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Azarel); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Azariah);
Jeshaiah – Jeshaiah (grandson of Zerubbabel); Jeshaiah (son of Jeduthun); Jeshaiah (son of Rehabiah); Jeshaiah (son of Athaliah); Jeshaiah (Meraite Levite of Ezra); Jeshaiah (forebear of Sallu);
Jeshimon – Jeshimon (desert region east of the Judean mountains and west of the Dead Sea); Jeshimon (desert region at northeastern end of the Dead Sea);
Jeshua – Jeshua (head of ninth division of Levitical priests of 1 Chr.); Jeshua (priest of the time of Hezekiah); Jeshua (son of Jehozadak); Jeshua (name of a nonpriestly clan of Pahathmoab); Jeshua (levitical house of returnees); Jeshua (alternate form of Joshua son of Nun); Jeshua (father of Jozabad); Jeshua (father of Ezer); Jeshua (Levitical singer of Neh.); Jeshua (son of Kadmiel);
Jesus – Jesus (father of Sirach); Jesus (alternate name of Joshua ben Sira); Jesus (surname of Paul's co-worker Justus);
Jether – Jether (son of Gideon); Jether (father of Amasa); Jether (son of Jada); Jether (son of Ezrah); Jether (Asherite of 1 Chr.);
Jeuel – Jeuel (head of a clan in 1 Chr.); Jeuel (of the sons of Elizaphan); Jeuel (son of Adonikam);
Jeush – Jeush (son of Esau); Jeush (son of Bilhan); Jeush (son of Eshek); Jeush (son of Shimei); Jeush (son of Rehoboam);
Jezeniah – Jezeniah (captain of Judah's army in Jer.); Jezeniah (son of Hoshaiah);
Jezreel (person) – Jezreel (Judahite descent group); Jezreel (son of Hosea);
Jezreel (place) – Jezreel (town in the hills of Judah); Jezreel (town on the southern border of Issachar);
Joah – Joah (son of Asaph); Joah (son of Zimmah); Joah (son of Obed-edom); Joah (father of Eden); Joah (son of Joahaz);
Joash – Joash (father of Gideon); Joash (son of Ahab); Joash (of the Judahite genealogy of 1 Chr.); Joash (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Joash (archer who joined David at Ziklag); Joash (overseer of David's stores of oil);
Jobab – Jobab (son of Joktan); Jobab (son of Zerah); Jobab (King of Madon defeated by Joshua); Jobab (son of Shaharaim); Jobab (son of Elpaal);
Joel – Joel (son of Samuel); Joel (prince of the tribe of Simeon); Joel (father of Shemaiah); Joel (chief of Gad); Joel (son of Azariah of Sam.); Joel (son of Izrahiah); Joel (brother of Nathan); Joel (cheif of the Gershomite Levites of the time of David); Joel (son of Ladan); Joel (son of Pedaiah); Joel (son of Azariah of 2 Chr.); Joel (son of Nebo); Joel (son of Zichri); Joel (prophet, son of Pethuel); Joel (archangel Joel);
Joha – Joha (son of Beriah); Joha (son of Shimri);
Johanan – Johanan (son of Kareah); Johanan (son of Josiah); Johanan (son of Elioenai); Johanan (son of Azariah); Johanan (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Johanan (Gadite who joined David at Ziklag); Johanan (Ephraimite chief, son of Azariah); Johanan (descendant of Azgad); Johanan (high priest of Neh.);
John – John (father of Matthias); John (son of Matthias); John (father of Eupolemus); John (John Hyrcanus I); John (John Hyrcanus II); John (envoy of 2 Mac.); John (John the Baptist); John (son of Zebedee); John (father of Peter); John (friend of Annas); John (John Mark, son of Mary); John (author of Revelation);
Joiada – Joiada (son of Paseah); Joiada (priest during the reign of Darius);
Joiarib – Joiarib (man of insight sent by Ezra); Joiarib (son of Zechariah); Joiarib (returning priest of Neh.);
Joktheel – Joktheel (town in the Shepelah); Joktheel (capital of Edomite territory);
Jonadab – Jonadab (son of Shimeah); Jonadab (son of Rechab);
Jonathan – Jonathan (son of Gershom); Jonathan (son of Abiathar); Jonathan (son of Shammah); Jonathan (son of Jada); Jonathan (son of Shimei); Jonathan (son of Uzziah); Jonathan (uncle of King David); Jonathan (father of Ebed); Jonathan (son of Asahel); Jonathan (son of Joiada); Jonathan (priest of Neh.); Jonathan (son of Shemaiah); Jonathan (secretary of Jer.); Jonathan (son of Kareah); Jonathan (son of Absalom); Jonathan (priest of 2 Macc.);
Joram – Joram (son of King Toi of Hamath); Joram (contracted form of Jehoram); Joram (Levite descended from Eliezer);
Joses – Joses (brother of Jesus); Joses (brother of James the younger);
Joses – Joses (brother of Jesus); Joses (brother of James the younger);
Joshua – Joshua (man of 1 Sam.); Joshua (governor of Jerusalem of 2 Kings); Joshua (high priest); Joshua (person in Luke's genealogy of Jesus);
Josiah – Josiah (son of Zephaniah);
Jotham – Jotham (son of Gideon); Jotham (son of Jahdai);
Jozabad – Jozabad (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Jozabad (two men who joined David at Ziklag); Jozabad (a temple overseer under Hezekiah); Jozabad (Levite who contributed to Josiah's Passover); Jozabad (son of the priestly family of Passhur); Jozabad (son of Jeshua the Levite); Jozabad (Levite of Ezra); Jozabad (Levite of Neh.);
Judah – Judah (son of Jacob); Judah (tribe of Judah); Judah (ancestor of a family in Ezra); Judah (Levite who had married a foreign woman); Judah (son of Hassenuah); Judah (returner from exile); Judah (leader of Judah in Neh.); Judah (priest and musician of Neh.); Judah (ancestor of Jesus);
Judas – Judas (son of Chalphi); Judas (son of Simon Maccabeus); Judas (writer to Aristobulus); Judas (brother of Jesus); Judas (disciple other than Iscariot, often identified with Thaddeus); Judas (Judas of Galilee); Judas (who hosted Paul after the Damascus incident); Judas (Judas Barsabbas);
Judith – Judith (wife of Esau); Judith (of the Book of Judith);
Justus – Justus (surname of Joseph Barsabbas); Justus (Titius or Titus Justus); Justus (Jesus Justus);
Kedesh – Kedesh (city in Upper Galilee); Kedesh (town on the southern border of Judah); Kedesh (Levitical city of Issachar); Kedesh (town in southern Naphtali);
Kemuel – Kemuel (son of Nahor); Kemuel (son of Shiphtan); Kemuel (father of Hasabiah);
Kenaz or
Kenizzite – Kenaz or Kennizite (brother of Caleb); Kenaz or Kennizite (son of Elah);
Kir – Kir (city in Moab); Kir (apparently a city in southern Mesopotamia);
Kiriathaim – Kiriathaim (town east of the Jordan); Kiriathaim (city in the territory of Naphtali);
Kish (person) – Kish (Benjaminite from Gibeah); Kish (son or descendant of Jeiel); Kish (Levite of the Merarite clan); Kish (son of Abdi); Kish (Benjaminite ancestor of Mordecai);
Kolaiah – Kolaiah (ancestor of Sallu); Kolaiah (father of Ahab);
Korah – Korah (son or grandson of Esau); Korah (son of Izhar); Korah (son of Hebron); Korah (descendant of the levitical Korah);
Kore – Kore (Levite of the line of Korah); Kore (son of Imnah);
L – L (material found only in the Gospel of Luke); L (symbol designating Codex Leningradensis B);
Ladan – Ladan (ancestor of Joshua); Ladan (of the lineage of Gershon);
Levi – Levi (ancestor of Jesus); Levi (disciple known as Matthew); Levi (father of Matthat);
Libnah – Libnah (place in the Sinai Peninsula mentioned in Num.);
Libni – Libni (son of Gershon); Libni (Levite descendant of Merari);
Lucius – Lucius of Cyrene; Lucius (relative of Paul); Lucius Caecilius Metullus;
Maacah (person) – Maacah (child of Nahor); Maacah (mother of Absalom); Maacah (father of Achish); Maacah (wife of Rehoboam); Maacah (concubine of Caleb); Maacah (sister or wife of Machir); Maacah (wife of Jehiel); Maacah (father of Hanun); Maacah (father of Shepatiah);
Maasheiah or
Asaiah – Maasheiah or Asaiah (Levite of the second order of 1 Chr.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (lute player of 1 Chr., maybe identical to previous); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Adaiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (officer under Hananiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (deputy or son of Ahaz of 2 Chr.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (governor of Jerusalem); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest of the family of Jeshua); Maasheiah or Asaiah (member of the priestly family of Harim); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest of the family of Pahhur); Maasheiah or Asaiah (member of the family of Pahath-moab); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Azariah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (person who stood at Ezra's right hand as he read the Torah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (Israelite who read the Torah in Hebrew); Maasheiah or Asaiah (a chief of the people and sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Baruch); Maasheiah or Asaiah (ancestor of Sallu); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest who played the trumpet in Neh.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest who took part in the dedication in Neh.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Zephaniah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Zedekiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Shallum);
Maaziah – Maaziah (founder of division of priests in 1 Chr.); Maaziah (priest who sealed the covenant in Neh.);
Machir – Machir (son of Ammiel);
Mahalalel or
Mahalaleel – Malalalel or Mahalaleel (son of Kenan); Malalalel or Mahalaleel (Judahite of the family of Perez);
Mahalath or
Basemoth – Mahalath or Basemoth (daughter of Ishmael); Mahalath or Basemoth (wife of Rehoboam);
Mahath – Mahath (son of Amasai of 1 Chr.); Mahath (son of Amasai of 2 Chr.);
Mahlah – Mahlah (daughter of Zelophebad); Mahlah (child of Hammolecheth);
Mahli – Mahli (son of Merari); Mahli (son of Mushi);
Malchiah – Malchiah (father of Pashur); Malchiah (member of Judah's royal family in Jer.);
Malchijah – Malchijah (Gershomite Levite of 1 Chr.); Malchijah (descendant of Aaron of 1 Chr.); Malchijah (descendant of Purosh in Ezra); Malchijah (descendant of Harim in Ezra); Malchijah (son of Harim in Neh.); Malchijah (ruler of Beth-hakkerem); Malchijah (goldsmith in Neh.); Malchijah (man who stood with Ezra when he read the Torah); Malchijah (priest and signer of Ezra's covenant); Malchijah (priest in the choir in Neh.);
Malluch – Malluch (ancestor of Ethan in 1 Chr.); Malluch (of the sons of Bani); Malluch (of the sons of Harim); Malluch (priest involved in the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Malluch (one of the chiefs of the people who signed the covenant of Neh.); Malluch (priest who returned with Zerubabbel);
Manasseh – Manasseh (son of Pahathmoab); Manasseh (son of Hashum); Manasseh (son of Addi); Manasseh (husband of Judith);
Mareshah (person) – Mareshah (son of Caleb); Mareshah (son of Laadah);
Massa – Massa (son of Ishmael); Massa (term in Proverbs);
Mattan – Mattan (priest of Baal); Mattan (father of Shephatiah);
Mattaniah – Mattaniah (last king of Judah); Mattaniah (of the sons of Heman); Mattaniah (ancestor of Jahaziel); Mattaniah (Levite of the time of Hezekiah); Mattaniah (of the clan of Elam); Mattaniah (of the clan of Zattu); Mattaniah (of the clan of Pahath-moab); Mattaniah (of the clan of Bani); Mattaniah (son of Mica or Micaiah); Mattaniah (grandfather of Hana ben Zaccur);
Mattathias – Mattathias (priest of the order of Jehoiarib); Mattathias (son of Absalom); Mattathias (son of Simon); Mattathias (envoy sent by Judas Maccabeus); Mattathias (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:25); Mattathias (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:26);
Mattenai – Mattenai (of the sons of Hashum); Mattenai (of the sons of Bani); Mattenai (of the priestly house of Joiarib);
Matthat – Matthat (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:24); Matthat (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:29);
Mattithiah – Mattithiah (son of Shallum); Mattithiah (Levitical gatekeeper in 1 Chr.); Mattithiah (son of Nebo); Mattithiah (Israelite who accompanied Ezra);
Mehetabel – Mehetabel (wife of Hadar); Mehetabel (ancestor of Shemaiah);
Meraioth or
Meremoth – Meraioth or Meremoth (Levite descendant of Aaron); Meraioth or Meremoth (son of Ahitub); Meraioth or Meremoth (priestly family headed by Helkai at the time of Joiakim);
Merari – Merari (father of Judith);
Meremoth – Meremoth (son of Uriah); Meremoth (of the sons of Bani); Meremoth (son of Uriah, grandson of Hakkoz); Meremoth (priest who returned from exile);
Mesha (person) – Mesha (son of Caleb); Mesha (son of Shaharaim);
Meshech – Meshech (son of Japheth); Meshech (son of Shem);
Meshillemoth or
Meshillemith – Meshillemoth or Meshillemith (father of Berechiah); Meshillemoth or Meshillemith (descendant of Immer);
Meshullam – Meshullam (grandfather of Shaphan); Meshullam (son of Zerubbabel); Meshullam (head of a Gadite clan in 1 Chr.); Meshullam (son of Elpaal); Meshullam (father of Sallu); Meshullam (son of Shephatiah); Meshullam (father of Hilkiah); Meshullam (father of Jahzerah); Meshullam (Kohathite appointed by Josiah in 2 Chr.); Meshullam ("leader" sent by Ezra); Meshullam (who opposed Ezra's policy of divorce); Meshullam (son of Bani); Meshullam (son of Berechiah); Meshullam (son of Besodeiah); Meshullam (who stood at Ezra's left hand during the reading of the Torah); Meshullam (priest who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Meshullam (chief of the people who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Meshullam (head of the priestly house of Ezra in Neh.); Meshullam (head of the priestly house of Ginnethon in Neh.); Meshullam (gatekeeper in Neh.); Meshullam (who was in the procession in Neh.);
Mibsam – Mibsam (son of Ishmael); Mibsam (son of Shallum);
Mica – Mica (son of Mephibosheth); Mica (father of Mattaniah); Mica (Levite in the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Mica (father of Mattaniah and ancestor of Uzzi);
Micah – Micah (man in Judg.); Micah (son of Shimei); Micah (son of Meribbaal); Micah (son of Uzziel); Micah (father of Abdon); Micah of Moresheth;
Micaiah or
Maacah or
Micah – Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (father of Achibor); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (wife of Rehoboam); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (official sent to teach Judah in 2 Chr.); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (ancestor of Zechariah); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (trumpeting priest in Neh.); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (son of Gemeriah);
Michael – Michael (father of Sethur); Michael (Gadite in 1 Chr.); Michael (ancestor of Abihail); Michael (Levite ancestor of Asaph); Michael (descendant of Uzzi); Michael (of the sons of Beraiah); Michael (who joined David at Ziklag); Michael (father of Omri); Michael (son of Jehoshaphat); Michael (father of Zebediah); Michael (archangel);
Migdol – Migdol (town on the route of the Exodus); Migdol (town in Egypt in Jer.); Migdol (place in north Egypt);
Mijamin – Mijamin (leader of the sixth division of priest at the time of David); Mijamin (divorcing Israelite in Ezra); Mijamin (priest at the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Mijamin (chief of priests returning from exile in Neh.);
Mikloth – Mikloth (father of Shimeah in 1 Chr.); Mikloth (chief officer under Dodai the Ahohite);
Milcah – Milcah (daughter of Haran); Milcah (daughter of Zelophehad);
Millo – House of the Millo; Beth-millo;
Miniamin – Miniamin (Levite of 2 Chr.); Miniamin (priestly house in Neh.); Miniamin (priest and musician in Neh.);
Miriam – Miriam (descendant of Ezrah in 1 Chr.);
Mishael – Mishael (son of Uzziel); Mishael (who stood at Ezra's left hand at the reading of the Torah);
Mishma – Mishma (son of Ishmael); Mishma (son of Mibsam);
Mithredath or
Mithridates – Mithredath or Mithridates (treasure of King Cyrus of Persia); Mithredath or Mithridates (Persian official who opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem);
Mizpah or
Mizpeh – Mizpah of Gilead; Mizpah or Mizpeh (land or valley of Mizpah); Mizpeh of Judah; Mizpeh of Moab;
Mordecai – Mordecai (returning Israelite);
Moreh – Moreh (terebinth or oak tree near Shechem); Moreh (hill in the Jezreel Valley);
Moriah – Moriah (land of Moriah); Mt. Moriah;
Mortar – Mortar (of pestle); Mortar (plastic building material);
Moza – Moza (son of Caleb); Moza (son of Zimri);
Naamah (person) – Naamah (daughter of Lamech); Naamah (wife of Solomon);
Naaman – Naaman (son of Benjamin); Naaman (son of Bela); Naaman (son of Ehud); Naaman (commander of the Aramean army in 2 Kgs.);
Nadab – Nadab (son of Aaron); Nadab (son of Jeroboam I); Nadab (son of Shammai); Nadab (son of Jeiel); Nadab (relative of Ahiqar);
Nahash – Nahash (sister of Zeruiah);
Nahath – Nahath (son of Reuel); Nahath (descendant of Levi); Nahath (assistant of Hezekiah);
Nahor (person) – Nahor (son of Serug); Nahor (son of Terah);
Nahum – Nahum (1 of the 12 minor prophets); Nahum (father of Amos);
Nathan – Nathan (father of Igal); Nathan (father of Azariah); Nathan (son of Attai); Nathan (sent by Ezra to Iddo);
Nathanael – Nathanael (ancestor of Judith); Nathanael (priest in 1 Esd.); Nathanael (Israelite in the Gospel of John);
Neariah – Neariah (son of Shemaiah); Neariah (son of Ishi);
Nebo (place) – Nebo (town allotted to Reuben); Nebo (town in western Palestine settled in postexilic period);
Nehemiah – Nehemiah (a leader of the return); Nehemiah (son of Hacaliah); Nehemiah (son of Azbuk);
Nekoda – Nekoda (head of returning family of temple servants); Nekoda (head of returning family unable to prove their Israelite ancestry);
Nemuel – Nemuel (brother of Dathan); Nemuel (ancestor of the Nemuelites);
Nepheg – Nepheg (son of Izhar); Nepheg (son of David);
Nethanel – Nethanel (son of Zuar); Nethanel (son of Jesse); Nethanel (one of seven trumpeting priests in 1 Chr.); Nethanel (father of Shemaiah); Nethanel (son of Obed-edom); Nethanel (officer of Jehoshapahat sent to Judah to teach); Nethanel (brother of Shemaiah); Nethanel (of the family of Pashhur); Nethanel (head of the family of Jedaiah); Nethanel (Levite singer at the dedication in Neh.);
Nethaniah – Nethaniah (father of Ishmael); Nethaniah (Levite of the line of Asaph in 1 Chr.); Nethaniah (Levite sent to Judah by Jehoshaphat); Nethaniah (father of Jehudi);
Nicanor – Nicanor (a commander sent by Lysius to Judah Maccabeus); Nicanor (one of seven overseers of food distribution in Acts);
Noadiah – Noadiah (son of Binnui); Noadiah (prophetess in Neh.);
Nobah (place) – Nobah (region in Gilead); Nobah (city in eastern Gilead);
Obadiah – Obadiah (steward of King Ahab's household)*; Obadiah (postexilic descendant of David); Obadiah (son of Izariah); Obadiah (son of Azel); Obadiah (Levite among the first returners to Jerusalem); Obadiah (Gadite who joined David at Ziklag); Obadiah (father of Ishmaiah); Obadiah (prince commissioned to teach in Judah); Obadiah (Merarite Levite of 2 Chr.); Obadiah (head of family of returners in Ezra); Obadiah (leader who sealed covenant of Neh.); Obadiah (gatekeeper in Neh.); Obadiah (Obadiah the prophet);
Obed – Obed (son of Ruth); Obed (son of Ephlal); Obed (one of David's mighty men); Obed (son of Shemaiah); Obed (father of Azariah); Obed (son of Jonathan);
Obed-edom – Obed-edom (Gidite whose house David put the Ark in); Obed-edom (son of Jeduthun); Obed-edom (son of Korah); Obed-edom (custodian of temple treasures in 2 Chr.);
Oded – Oded (father of Azariah); Oded (prophet of Samaria in 2 Chr.);
Oholibamah – Oholibamah (wife of Esau); Oholibamah (chief of an Edomite clan);
Omer – Omer (unit of dry measure); Omer (sheaf of grain);
Omri – Omri (son of Becher); Omri (Jerusalemite of 1 Chr.); Omri (Issacharite tribal leader of 1 Chr.);
Onam – Onam (Son of Shobal); Onam (son of Jerahmeel);
Onias – Onias I; Onias II; Onias III; Onias IV; Onias V;
Ophrah (place) – Ophrah (city in the tribal territory of Benjamin); Ophrah (Ophrah of Abiezer);
Ozem – Ozem (son of Jesse); Ozem (son of Jerahmeel);
Palti or
Paltiel – Palti or Paltiel (son of Raphu); Palti or Paltiel (son of Laish);
Parosh – Parosh (Israelite ancestor of returners); Parosh (chief who sealed the covenant of Neh.);
Paseah – Paseah (priest and son of Malchiah); Paseah (head of priestly family of returners); Paseah (postexilic priest who attached his name to the covenant of Neh.); Paseah (son of Immer); Paseah (son of Malchiah);
Pedaiah – Pedaiah (maternal grandfather of Jehoiakim); Pedaiah (son of Jeconiah); Pedaiah (father of Joel); Pedaiah (son of Parosh); Pedaiah (man who stood at Ezra's left hand at the reading of the Law); Pedaiah (Benjaminite in Jerusalem in Neh.); Pedaiah (Levite appointed to administer tithes);
Pelaiah – Pelaiah (son of Elioenai); Pelaiah (Levite who interpreted the Law in Neh.);
Pelatiah – Pelatiah (son of Hananiah); Pelatiah (son of Jahi); Pelatiah (signer of the covenant of Neh.); Pelatiah (son of Benaiah);
Pelet – Pelet (son of Jahdai); Pelet (son of Azmaveth);
Penuel – Penuel (son of Hur); Penuel (son of Shashak);
Pethahiah – Pethahiah (leader of the nineteenth priestly division at the time of David); Pethahiah (divorcing Levite of the time of Ezra); Pethahiah (Levite in the corporate confession of sins of Ezra); Pethahiah (son of Meshezabel);
Phinehas – Phinehas (son of Eleazar); Phinehas (son of Eli); Phinehas (father of a postexilic priest in Ezra);
Ptolemy – Ptolemy I Soter; Ptolemy II Philadelphus; Ptolemy III Euregetes I; Ptolemy IV Philopator; Ptolemy V Theos Epiphanes; Ptolemy VI Philometor; Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator; Ptolemy VIII Euregetes II; Ptolemy IX Soter II; Ptolemy X Alexander I; Ptolemy XI Alexander II; Ptolemy XII Neo Dionysys; Ptolemy XIII; Ptolemy XIV; Ptolemy XV Caesar; Ptolemy (son of Dositheus); Ptolemy (son of Abubus); Ptolemy Marcon;
Puah – Puah (midwife of Exodus); Puah (father of Tola); Puah (descendant of Issachar);
Raguel – Raguel (father of Sarah); Raguel (archangel);
Rahab – Rahab (mother of Salmon); Rahab (poetic name for Egypt);
Ram (person) – Ram (son of Hezron); Ram (son of Jerahmeel); Ram (ancestor of Elihu);
Ramah – Ramah (town allotted to Benjamin); Ramah (Ramah of the Negeb); Ramah (village near the border of Asher); Ramah (fortified city of Naphtali); Ramah (hometown of Samuel); Ramah (shortened form of name of Ramoth-gilead);
Ramoth – Ramoth (Ramoth in Gilead); Ramoth (Ramoth of the Negeb); Ramoth (levitical city in the tribal territory of Issachar);
Reaiah or
Haroeh – Reaiah or Haroeh (son of Shobal); Reaiah or Haroeh (son of Micah); Reaiah or Haroeh (temple servant, ancestor of returners);
Rechab – Rechab (son of Rimmon); Rechab (father of Jehonadab); Rechab (father of Malchijah);
Rehob (person) – Rehob (father of Hadadezer); Rehob (Levite who sealed the covenant of Neh.);
Rehob (place) – Rehob (place in extreme northern Canaan); Rehob (town allotted to Asher); Rehob (another town allotted to Asher); Rehob (principal city of the Beth-shean Valley);
Rehoboth – Rehoboth (well dug in Gesar in Genesis); Rehoboth ha-Nahar;
Rehum – Rehum (leader who accompanied Zerubbabel back to Judea); Rehum (Persian officer who wrote a letter to Xerxes); Rehum (son of Bani); Rehum (leader who signed a long petition in Neh.); Rehum (priest and Levite returner);
Rekem (person) – Rekem (one of five kings of Midian); Rekem (son of Hebron); Rekem (grandson of Machir);
Rephaiah or
Raphah – Rephaiah or Raphah (descendant of Zerubbabel); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Ishi); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Tola); Rephaiah or Raphah (descendant of Saul); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Hur);
Reu;
Reuel – Reuel (son of Keturah); Reuel (son of Esau); Reuel (father of Hobab); Reuel (father of Eliasaph); Reuel (son of Ibnijah);
Rezin – Rezin (family in Ezra);
Rimmon (place) – Rimmon (city of En-rimmon); Rimmon (levitical city assigned to the Merarites); Rimmon (outcropping of rocks to which Benjaminites fled in Judg.);
Rufus – Rufus (son of Simon the Cyrene); Rufus (greeted by Paul in Rom. 16:13);
Sachar – Sachar (father of Ahiham); Sachar (son of Obed-edom);
Sallai – Sallai (Benjaminite returner); Sallai (priestly family at the time of Joiakim);
Sallu – Sallu (Benjaminite in Jerusalem in 1 Chr.); Sallu (postexilic priestly family);
Salma – Salma (father of Boaz in 1 Chr. 2:11); Salma (son of Hur);
Salome – Salome (sister of Herod); Salome (daughter of Herod); Salome (follower of Jesus);
Sarah – Sara (daughter of Raguel);
Segub – Segub (son of Hezron); Segub (son of Hiel);
Seir (place) – Seir (plateau in Edom); Seir (mountain on the northern border of Judah);
Sela – Sela (site on the Amorite border); Sela (Edomite settlement conquered by Amaziah of Judah); Sela (place mentioned in Isa. 16:1); Sela (place named in Isa. 42:11);
Seraiah or
Azariah or
Shavsha or
Sheva or
Shisha - Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (royal secretary under David); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (chief priest of the temple in 587/586 BCE); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Tanhumeth); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Kenaz); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Asiel); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (returner from exile); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (a priest who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (postexilic priest in Neh. 11:11); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (one of the “chiefs of the priest” in Neh. 12:1); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (official of King Jehoiakim); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Neriah);
Shaaph – Shaaph (son of Jahdai); Shaaph (son of Maacah);
Shabbethai – Shabbethai (of Ezra 10:15); Shabbethai (of Neh. 8:7); Shabbethai (of Neh. 11:16);
Shallum or
Meshullam or
Shillem – Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (King who overthrew Zechariah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (husband of Huldah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (descendant of Judah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Josiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (descendant of Simeon); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Zadok); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Naphtali); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (returner and gatekeeper); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (father of Jehizkiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (divorcing levitical gatekeeper); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (of the sons of Bannui); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Hallohesh); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Col-hozeh); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (father of Maaseiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (uncle of Jeremiah);
Shalmaneser – Shalmaneser I; Shalmaneser II; Shalmaneser IV;
Shamir (place)* – Shamir (town of Judah); Shamir (town in Ephraim);
Shammah or
Shimea or
Shimeah or
Shimel or
Shammoth - Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (descendant of Esau); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (son of Jesse); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (of David's Mighty Men); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (Shammah of Harod);
Shammai – Shammai (son of Onam); Shammai (son of Rekem); Shammai (son of Mered);
Shammua or
Shemaiah or
Shimea – Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (son of Zaccur); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (son of David); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (father of Abda); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (head of family of Bilgah in Neh.);
Shaphan – Shaphan (son of Aziliah); Shaphan (father of Jaazaniah);
Shaphat – Shaphat (son of Hori); Shaphat (father of Elisha); Shaphat (son of Shemaiah); Shaphat (son of Abihail); Shaphat (son of Adlai);
Sharezer – Sharezer (son of Sennacherib); Sharezer (emissaries sent to Bethel in 518);
Shaul – Shaul (early Edomite king); Shaul (son of Simeon); Shaul (son of Uzziah);
Sheba (person) – Sheba (son of Raamah); Sheba (son of Joktan); Sheba (son of Jokshan); Sheba (son of Bichri); Sheba (descendant of Gad);
Sheba (place) – Sheba (town in Josh. 19:2-6); Sheba (country of Arabia);
Shebaniah – Shebaniah (trumpet blowing priest in 1 Chr.); Shebaniah (leader in praise and confession in Neh.); Shebaniah (postexilic priestly house led by Joseph at the time of Joiakim); Shebaniah (a Levite signer of the covenant in Neh.); Shebaniah (another Levite signer of the covenant in Neh.);
Shebuel or
Shubael – Shebuel or Shubael (Levite of the sons of Gershom); Shebuel or Shubael (son of Heman);
Shecaniah – Shecaniah (father of Shemaiah); Shecaniah (priest, head of the 10th division in 1 Chr.); Shecaniah (Levite under Hezekiah in 1 Chr.); Shecaniah (son of Jahaziel); Shecaniah (son of Jehiel); Shecaniah (father of Shmaiah, gatekeeper in Neh.); Shecaniah (son of Arah); Shecaniah (returning priest in Neh.);
Shechem (person) – Shechem (son of Hamor); Shechem (descendant of Manasseh); Shechem (son of Shemida);
Shelah – Shelah (son of Arpachshad or Arphaxad); Shelah (son of Judah the patriarch);
Shelemiah – Shelemiah (grandson of Asaph); Shelemiah (descandant of Bahi who married a foreign woman); Shelemiah (another descendant of Bani who married a foreign woman); Shelemiah (father of Hananiah); Shelemiah (priest Nehemiah put in charge of the temple storerooms); Shelemiah (son of Cushi); Shelemiah (man sent by Jehoiakim to arrest Baruch and Jeremiah); Shelemiah (father of Jehucal or Jucal); Shelemiah (son of Hananiah in Jer.);
Shelomith – Shelomith (daughter of Dibri); Shelomith (daughter of Zerubbabel); Shelomith (son of Shimei); Shelomith (son of Izhar); Shelomith (child of Rehabeam); Shelomith (son of Josiphiah);
Shelomoth - Shelomoth (son of Shimei); Shelomoth (son of Izhar); Shelomoth (sonof Zichri);
Shema (person) – Shema (son of Hebron); Shema (son of Joel); Shema (son of Elpaal); Shema (lay leader who stood at Ezra's right hand at the reading of the Law);
Shemaiah or
Shammua – Shemaiah or Shammua (Judean prophet after the death of Solomon); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Shechaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of the tribe of Reuben); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Hasshub); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Obadiah); Shemaiah or Shammua (descendant of Elizaphan); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Nethanel); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Obed-edom); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite sent by Jehoshaphat to teach in Judah); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Jeduthun); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite of the time of Hezekiah who helped distribute freewill offering and gifts in 2 Chr.); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of the Levites who helped contribute 5000 sheep and goats to an offering in 2 Chr.); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Adonikam); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of those who returned from exile); Shemaiah or Shammua (priest of the family of Harim in Ezra); Shemaiah or Shammua (Israelite from the family of Harim in Ezra); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Shecaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Delaiah); Shemaiah or Shammua (a priest who signed the binding agreement with Nehemiah and the leaders of the nation); Shemaiah or Shammua (leader of Judah who participated in the dedication of the walls in Neh.); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Mattaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite musician at the dedication of the walls in Neh.); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite who accompanied Nehemiah in the procession at the dedication of the walls); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Uriah); Shemaiah or Shammua (false prophet in Jer.); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Delaiah);
Shemariah – Shemariah (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Shemariah (son of Rehoboam); Shemariah (divorcing Israelite of the sons of Harim); Shemariah (divorcing son of Binnui);
Shemer or
Shomer – Shemer or Shomer (owner of a hill Omri purchased in 1 Kgs.); Shemer or Shomer (son of Mahli); Shemer or Shomer (Asherite in 1 Chr.);
Shemiramoth – Shemiramoth (harp player in 1 Chr.); Shemiramoth (Levite sent by Jehosphaphat to Judah);
Shemuel – Shemuel (representative of Simeon in the division of Canaan in Num.); Shemuel (son of Tola);
Shephatiah – Shephatiah (son of David); Shephatiah (anchestor of returning Benjaminite exiles); Shephatiah (Haruphite of the tribe of Benjamin in 1 Chr.); Shephatiah (son of Maacah); Shephatiah (son of Jehosphaphat); Shephatiah (ancestor of two groups of returning exiles); Shephatiah (servant of Solomon and ancestor of returners); Shephatiah (Judahite ancestor of Jerusalemites after the Exile); Shephatiah (prince of Judah in Jer.);
Sherebiah – Sherebiah (“man of discretion” in Ezra); Sherebiah (Levite interpreter of the Book in Ezra); Sherebiah (Levite who sealed the covenant in Neh.); Sherebiah (chief of returning Levites);
Sheth – Sheth (Hebrew spelling of Seth); Sheth (of the “sons of Sheth”);
Sheva or
Seraiah or
Shavsha or
Shisha – Sheva or Seraiah or Shavsha or Shisha (David's secretary); Sheva or Seraiah or Shavsha or Shisha (son of Caleb);
Shilonite – Shilonite (designation of the prophet Ahijah); Shilonite (gentilic designating a family of returnees);
Shimea or
Shammah or
Shammua or
Shimeah or
Shimei - Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (son of Jesse); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (son of David); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (Levite of the house of Merari); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (father of Berechiah);
Shimeah or
Shimea or
Shimeam – Shimeah or Shimea or Shimeam (son of Jesse); Shimeah or Shimea or Shimeam (son of Mikloth);
Shimei – Shimei (son of Gershon); Shimei (son of Gera); Shimei (son of Jesse); Shimei (leader of David's time who did not support the usurpation of Adonijah in 1 Kgs.); Shimei (son of Ella); Shimei (brother of Zerubbabel); Shimei (descendant of Mishma); Shimei (son of Gog); Shimei (Levite descendant of Merari); Shimei (son of Jahath); Shimei (Benjaminite in 1 Chr., probably an error for Shema); Shimei (one of six sons of Jeduthun); Shimei (Ramathite appointed by David over the royal vineyards); Shimei (Levite descendant of Heman); Shimei (brother of Conaniah); Shimei (Levite who sent away his non-Israelite wife and children in Ezra); Shimei (descendant of Hashum); Shimei (descendant of Binnui); Shimei (descendant of Kish);
Shimri – Shimri (son of Shemaiah); Shimri (father of Jediael); Shimri (son of Hosah); Shimri (descendant of Elizaphan);
Shobab – Shobab (son of Caleb); Shobab (son of David);
Shobal – Shobal (son of Seir); Shobal (son of Hur);
Shomer or
Shemer or
Shimruth – Shomer or Shemer or Shimruth (mother of Jehozabad); Shomer or Shemer or Shimruth (of the sons of Heber);
Shua – Shua (father of Judah's Canaanite wife); Shua (daughter of Heber);
Shuppim – Shuppim (son of Ir); Shuppim (levitical gatekeeper in 1 Chr.);
Shuthelah – Shutehelah (son of Ephraim); Shutehelah (son of Zabad);
Simeon – Simeon (great-grandfather of Judas Maccabeus); Simeon (Simon Maccabeus); Simeon (ancestor of Jesus); Simeon (a prophet and teacher of the church at Antioch); Simeon (Hebrew equivalent of Simon);
Simon – Simon (high priest Simon the Just); Simon (Simon II, high priest); Simon (Simon the Benjaminite); Simon (Simon Thassi); Simon (Simon Chosamaeus); Simon (Simon Peter); Simon (Simon the Zealot); Simon (Simon, half brother of Jesus); Simon (Simon the Leper); Simon (father of Judas Iscariot); Simon (Simon of Cyrene); Simon (Simon the Pharisee in Luke); Simon (Simon Magus); Simon (Simon the Tanner in Acts); Simon (Simon bar Kosiba);
Sin (place) – Sin (wilderness area between Elim and Mt. Sinai); Sin (Egyptian border fortress);
Sosipater – Sosipater (captain under Judas Maccabeus); Sosipater (Jewish Christian in Rom.);
Sothenes – Sothenes (ruler of a synagogue in Corinth in Acts); Sothenes (called by Paul “our brother” in 1 Cor.);
Succoth – Succoth (first encampment of the Israelites on leaving Egypt); Succoth (place on the east side of the Jordan Valley);
Susanna – Susanna (of the apocryphal work of that name); Susanna (woman who supported the work of Jesus in Luke);
Symeon – Symeon (prophet and teacher of the church of Antioch in Acts); Symeon (another name for Simon Peter);
Tahath (person) – Tahath (ancestor of Samuel); Tahath (son of Bered); Tahath (son of Eleadah);
Talmai – Talmai (one of the Anakim); Talmai (king of Geshur);
Tappuah – Tappuah (town in the northern Shephelah); Tappuah (town, also called En-tappuah, on the northern border of Ephraim); Tappuah (town in the territory of Tizrah);
Tarshish (person) – Tarshish (descendant of Javan in the Table of Nations); Tarshish (son of Bilhan);
Thutmose – Thutmose I; Thutmose II; Thutmose III; Thutmose IV;
Timna – Timna (concubine of Eliphaz); Timna (chief of Edom); Timna (son of Eliphaz);
Tiphsah – Tiphsah (city on the western shore of the Euphrates); Tiphsah (site of a brutal slaughter by King Menahem in 2 Kgs.);
Tobiah - Tobiah (head of a family of returners); Tobiah (an opposer of Nehemiah's journey to Jerusalem);
Tobias – Tobias (son of Tobit); Tobias (landowner of the Maccabean period);
Tobijah – Tobijah (Levite sent by Jehosphaphat to Judea); Tobijah (descendant of Tobiah unable to authenticate his Israelite origin); Tobijah (repatriate from whom Zechariah was to collect gold and silver);
Tola – Tola (son of Issachar); Tola (son of Puah);
Ulam – Ulam (son of Sheresh); Ulam (son of Eshek);
Unni – Unni (levitical musician of 1 Chr.); Unni (returning Levite);
Uri – Uri (father of Bezalel); Uri (father of Geber); Uri (poxtexilic gatekeeper of Ezra);
Uriah – Uriah (high priest under Ahaz); Uriah (prophet of the time of Jeremiah); Uriah (father of Meremoth); Uriah (who stood with Ezra at the reading of the Law);
Uriel – Uriel (chief of the Kohathite Levites in 1 Chr.); Uriel (resident of Gibeah in 2 Chr.); Uriel (archangel);
Uthai – Uthai (son of Ammihud); Uthai (returning head of the family of Bigvai);
Uz (person) – Uz (son of Aram); Uz (son of Milcah); Uz (son or descendant of Dishan);
Uzza (person) – Uzza (son of Gera); Uzza (ancestor of returning temple servants);
Uzzah – Uzzah (son of Abinadab); Uzzah (Levite of the family of Merari);
Uzzi – Uzzi (son of Bukki); Uzzi (son of Tola); Uzzi (son of Bela); Uzzi (father of Elah); Uzzi (son of Bani); Uzzi (head of Jedaiah's priestly lineage at the time of Joiakim); Uzzi (priest involved in the dedication of the walls in Neh.);
Uzziah – Uzziah (levitical priest in 1 Chr.); Uzziah (father of Jonathan); Uzziah (returning levitical priest, descendant of Harim); Uzziah (one of the 468 inhabitants of Perez who moved to Jerusalem); Uzziah (chief elder in the city of Bethulia);
Uzziel – Uzziel (son of Kohath); Uzziel (son of Ishi); Uzziel (son of Bela); Uzziel (son of Heman); Uzziel (son of Jeduthun); Uzziel (son of Harhaiah);
Zabad or
Jozacar – Zabad or Jozacar (son of Nathan); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Tahath); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Ahlai); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Shimeath the Ammonite); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Zattu); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Hattum); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Nebo);
Zabbai – Zabbai (Israelite who had taken a foreign wife in Ezra); Zabbai (father of Baruch);
Zabdi or
Zichri or
Zimri – Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (ancestor of Achan); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (son of Shimei); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (Sphiphmite steward of David's wine cellar); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (son of Asaph);
Zabdiel – Zabdiel (father of Jashobeam); Zabdiel (son of Heggedolim); Zabdiel (Arab who decapitated Alexander Balas);
Zaccur – Zaccur (father of Shammua); Zaccur (son of Hammuel); Zaccur (Levite of the Merarite line); Zaccur (son of Asaph); Zaccur (descendant of Bigvai); Zaccur (son of Imri); Zaccur (Levite who placed a seal on the new covenant of Neh.); Zaccur (father of Hanan);
Zadok – Zadok (father of Jerusha); Zadok (son of Baana); Zadok (son of Immer); Zadok (a “leader of the people” who placed a seal on the covenant in Neh.); Zadok (scribe appointed by Nehemiah as a treasurer); Zadok (father of Achim);
Zalmon (place) – Zalmon (mountain in the vicinity of Shechem); Zalmon (mountain mentioned in Ps. 68:14);
Zebediah – Zebediah (son of Beriah); Zebediah (son of Elpaal); Zebediah (son of Jeroham); Zebediah (son of Meshelemiah); Zebediah (son of Asahel); Zebediah (Levite sent by Jehoshaphat to Judah); Zebediah (son of Ishmael); Zebediah (son of Michael); Zebediah (descendant of the family of Immer);
Zeboim – Zeboim (valley in Benjamin); Zeboim (town occupied by the Benjaminites);
Zechariah – Zechariah (son of Jeroboam II); Zechariah (father of Abi); Zechariah (head of a family of Reubenites); Zechariah (gatekeeper of the time of David); Zechariah (brother of Ner); Zechariah (musician of the time of David); Zechariah (priestly trumpeter of 1 Chr.); Zechariah (son of Isshiah); Zechariah (son of Hosah the Merarite); Zechariah (father of Iddo); Zechariah (official of Jehoshaphat sent to teach in Judah); Zechariah (father of Jahaziel); Zechariah (son of Jehoshaphat); Zechariah (son of Jehoiada); Zechariah (instructor of Uzziah in 2 Chr.); Zechariah (levitical descendant of Asaph of 2 Chr.); Zechariah (levitical descendant of Kohath of 2 Chr.); Zechariah (priest who contributed animals for sacrifice in 2 Chr./1 Esdr.); Zechariah (head of the family of Parosh); Zechariah (head of the family of Bebai); Zechariah (leader of the Jewish exiles in Ezra); Zechariah (Judean who married a foreign wife in Ezra); Zechariah (leader who stood on the platform with Ezra during the reading of the Law); Zechariah (descendant of Perez); Zechariah (ancestor of Maaseiah); Zechariah (ancestor of Adaiah); Zechariah (priestly trumpeter in Neh.); Zechariah (son of Jeberechiah); Zechariah (prophet of the Book of Zechariah); Zechariah (father of Joseph); Zechariah (alternate name for Heman in 1 Esdr.); Zechariah (father of John the Baptist);
Zedekiah – Zedekiah (false prophet at the court of Ahab); Zedekiah (son of Josiah); Zedekiah (signer of the covenant of Neh.); Zedekiah (prophet Jeremiah accused of immoral conduct); Zedekiah (son of Hananiah); Zedekiah (ancestor of Baruch);
Zemaraim – Zemaraim (town in the tribal territory of Benjamin); Zemaraim (mountain in the hill country of Ephraim);
Zephaniah – Zephaniah (Kohathite Levite ancestor of Heman); Zephaniah (son of Cushi); Zephaniah (son of Maaseiah); Zephaniah (father of Josiah);
Zerah or
Zohar – Zerah or Zohar (son of Reuel); Zerah or Zohar (father of Jobab); Zerah or Zohar (son of Judah); Zerah or Zohar (son of Simeon); Zerah or Zohar (Levite descendant of Gershom in 1 Chr.); Zerah or Zohar (Kohathite Levite of 1 Chr.);
Zerahiah – Zerahiah (son of Uzzi); Zerahiah (man of the lineage of Pahath-moab);
Zeredah – Zeredah (place of residence of Jeroboam); Zeredah (place in the Jordan Valley);
Zibeon – Zibeon (father of Anah); Zibeon (son of Seir);
Zichri or
Zabdi – Zichri or Zabdi (son of Izhar); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Shimei); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Shashak); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Jeroham); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Asaph); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Shelomith); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Eliezer); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Amasiah); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Elishaphat); Zichri or Zabdi (warrior and Ephraimite of 2 Chr.); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Joel); Zichri or Zabdi (head of the priestly family of Abijah at the time of Joiakim);
Ziha – Ziha (head of a line of returning temple servants); Ziha (overseer of postexilic temple servants);
Zillethai – Zillethai (son of Shimei); Zillethai (Manassite leader who deserted David at Ziklag);
Zimri (person) – Zimri (son of Salu); Zimri (King of Israel); Zimri (son of Zerah); Zimri (father of Moza);
Ziph (person) – Ziph (descendant of Caleb); Ziph (son of Jehallel);
Ziph (place) – Ziph (town in the hill country of Judah); Ziph (town in the southern Negeb);
Ziza – Ziza (son of Shiphi); Ziza (son of Rehoboam);
Zohar – Zohar (father of Ephron the Hittite); Zohar (alternate name for Simeon's son Zerah); Zohar (alternate reading of Izhar son of Helah);
Zur – Zur (a king of Midian in Num.); Zur (son of Jeiel);
Aaron – High Priest (Exodus-Numbers and Chronicles)*; Elsewhere in the Old Testament*; Negative and Nonpriestly Portrayals*; New T[stament*; Character: A Summary*;
Abda – Abda (father of Adoniram); Abda (son of Shammua);
Abdi – Abdi (grandfather of Ethan); Abdi (father of the Levite Kish); Abdi (divorcing Israelite of the time of Ezra);
Abdon (person) – Abdon (son of Hillel); Abdon (son of Shashak); Abdon (son of Jeiel); Abdon (son of Micah);
Abiel – Abiel (father of Kish); Abiel (Arbathite warrior);
Abiezer – Abiezer (descendant of Manasseh); Abiezer (of David's Champions);
Abigail – Abigail (wife of Nabal); Abigail (sister of David);
Abihail – Abihail (father of Zuriel); Abihail (wife of Abishur); Abihail (man of the tribe of Gad); Abihail (daughter of Eliab); Abihail (father of Esther);
Abijah – Abijah (son of Samuel); Abijah (son of Jeroboam I); Abijah (King of Judah); Abijah (head of the eighth division of priests); Abijah (wife of Hezron); Abijah (son of Becher); Abijah (priest who signed the covenant of Nehemiah); Abijah (head of a priestly group); Abijah (name on ostracons);
Abimelech – Abimelech (king of Gerar); Abimelech (son of Gideon); Abimelech (Ruler David escaped); Abimelech (son of Abiathar);
Abinadab – Abinadab (father of Eleazer); Abinadab (son of Jesse); Abinadab (son of Saul);
Abiram – Abiram (son of Eliab); Abiram (son of Hiel);
Abishua – Abishua (son of Phinehas); Abishua (son of Bela);
Absalom – Absalom (son of David); Absalom (messenger of Judas Maccabeus);
[[[Achbor]] – Achbor (father of Baal-hanan); Achbor (son of Micaiah);
Achzib – Achzib (town in the Shephelah); Achzib (city 9 miles north of Acco);
Adah – Adah (wife of Lamech); Adah (wife of Esau);
Adaiah – Adaiah (man from Boskath); Adaiah (Levite of the family of Gershom); Adaiah (son of Jeroham); Adaiah (descendants of Bani and Binnui); Adaiah (son of Joiarib); Adaiah (father of Maaseiah);
Addi – Addi (leader of returning clan of Israelites); Addi (ancestor of Jesus);
Adiel – Adiel (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Adiel (son of Jahzerah); Adiel (father of Azmaveth);
Adna – Adna (son of Pahath-moah); Adna (priest of the family of Harim);
Adnah – Adnah ("chief of thousands"); Adnah (officer under Jehoshaphat);
Adonijah – Adonijah (son of David); Adonijah (Levite of 2 Chr.); Adonijah (signer of the covenant of Nehemiah);
Adoption – Adoption Formulas*; Adoption and adoption imagery**;
Afterlife or
Afterdeath – Abode of the Dead*; Inhabitants of the Netherworld**; Transformations in Late Israelite Traditions**; Summary**; Conclusion*;
Ahab – Ahab (king of Israel); Ahab (son of Kolaiah);
Ahasuerus – Ahasuerus (possible Biblical name of Xerxes I); Ahasuerus (Ahasuerus the Mede); Ahasuerus (a destroyer of Ninezeh in Tobit);
Ahaz – Ahaz (King of Judah); Ahaz (descendant of Saul);
Ahaziah – Ahaziah (King of Judah); Ahaziah (son of Ahab);
Ahiezer – Ahiezer (son of Ammishaddai); Ahiezer (kinsman of Saul);
Ahihud – Ahihud (son of Shelomi); Ahihud (descendant of Ehud);
Ahijah – Ahijah (son of Ahitub); Ahijah (prophet from Shiloh); Ahijah (son of Shisha); Ahijah (father of Baasha); Ahijah (son of Jerahmeel); Ahijah (son of Ehud); Ahijah (Pelonite); Ahijah (Levite under David);
Ahimaaz – Ahimaaz (father of Ahinoam); Ahimaaz (son of Zadok); Ahimaaz (one of Solomon's commissary officers);
Ahiman – Ahiman (descendant of Anak); Ahiman (Levite of 1 Chr.);
Ahimelech – Ahimelech (son of Ahitub); Ahimelech (friend of David); Ahimelech (son of Abiathar);
Ahinoam – Ahinoam (daugher of Ahimaaz); Ahinoam (wife of David);
Ahio – Ahio (son of Abinadab); Ahio (son of Beriah); Ahio (brother of Kish);
Ahitub – Ahitub (son of Phinehas); Ahitub (son of Amariah); Ahitub (son of another Amariah); Ahitub (ancestor of Judith);
Ahlai – Ahlai (daughter of Sheshan); Ahlai (father of Zabad);
Aiah – Aiah (son of Zibeon); Aiah (father of Rizpah);
Aijalon – Aijalon (levitical city); Aijalon (burial place of Elon);
Ain – Ain (town in Numbers); Ain (city in Judah); Ain (city given to the descendants of Joshua);
Akkub – Akkub (son of Elioenai); Akkub (head of levitical family of gatekeepers); Akkub (chief of a family of temple servants); Akkub (Levite in Neh.);
Alemeth (person) – Alemeth (son of Becher); Alemeth (descendant of Saul);
Alexander – Alexander III of Macedon**; Alexander Balas of Smyrna*; Alexander Janneus*; Alexander (son of Simon of Cyrene); Alexander (priest who questioned Peter and John after their arrest); Alexander (Jew of Ephesus); Alexander (of 1 Tim.); Alexander (coppersmith of 2 Tim.);
Alexandra – Alexandra Salome*; Alexandra (daughter of Hyrcanus II)*; Alexandra (daughter of Aristobulus); Alexandra (daughter of Phasael);
Alphaeus – Alphaeus (father of James); Alphaeus (father of Levi);
Amariah – Amariah (son of Hebron); Amariah (priest descended from Eleazar); Amariah (son of Azariah); Amariah (high priest at the time of Jehoshaphat); Amariah (levitical priest of time of Hezekiah of Judah); Amariah (son of Hezekiah); Amariah (priest and son of Azariah); Amariah (man of the family of Azzur); Amariah ("son of Amariah" in Neh.); Amariah (name on seals);
Amasa – Amasa (kinsman of David); Amasa (son of Hadlai);
Amasai – Amasai (son of Elkanah); Amasai (Chief of David' Thirty); Amasai (priest of 1 Chr.); Amasai (father of Mahath);
Amaziah – Amaziah (father of Joshah); Amaziah (Levite of the family of Merair); Amaziah (priest of era of Jeroboam II); Amaziah (King of Judah)**;
Ammiel – Ammiel (son of Gemalli); Ammiel (father of Machir); Ammiel (father of Bathsheba); Ammiel (son of Obed-edom);
Ammihud – Ammihud (father of Elishama); Ammihud (father of Shemuel); Ammihud (father of Pedahel); Ammihud (father of King Talmai); Ammihud (returning exile of 1 Chr.);
Aminadab – Aminadab (son of Ram); Aminadab (son of Kohath); Aminadab (chief of levitical family of Uzziel); Aminadab (father of Esther); Aminadab (King of Beth-ammon);
Amnon – Amnon (son of David); Amnon (son of Shimon);
Amon (person) – Amon (King, son of Manasseh)*; Amon (official of Samaria); Amon (returner from exile);
Amos, Book of or
Book of Amos – Amos the Prophet*; Historical Setting*; Contents**; Composition*;
Amram – Amram (grandson of Levi); Amram (son of Bani);
Amzi – Amzi (son of Bani); Amzi (son of Zechariah);
Antipas – Antipas (Herod Antipas); Antipas (martyr of Pergamum);
Antipater – Antipater (son of Jason); Antipater (Idumean noble); Antipater (son of Herod);
Aphek – Aphek (Ras el-'Ayin)**; Aphek (Afqā); Aphek (town of the tribe of Asher); Aphek (town in the Golan);
Apollonius – Apollonius (son of Tharseas); Apollonius (son of Menetheus); Apollonius (general under Antiochus IV Epiphanius); Apollonius (son of Gennaeus); Apollonius (governor of Coele-Syria);
Aquila – Aquila (husband of Priscilla); Aquila (2nd century translator);
Arah – Arah (son of Ulla); Arad (ancestor of returners);
Aram (person) – Aram (son of Shem); Aram (son of Kemuel); Aram (son of Shemer); Aram (ancestor of Jesus);
Aram (place) – Paddam-aram*; Aram-naharaim*; Aram-zobah*; Aram-Damascus*; Aram-maacah and Geshur*;
Aramaic – Old Aramaic*; Official Aramaic*; Middle Aramaic*; Late Aramaic*; Modern Aramaic*;
Archaeology and the Bible – Geographic Setting*; Biblical Archaeology**; Foundations: Politics, Prestige, and Power**; Beginning of Scientific Exploration*; Early National Agendas**; Honing Excavation Materials*; The Rise of Biblical City Excavations*; A Permanent American Presence*; Lawrence and Musil*; Orientalist Tradition Par Excellence**; Rise of "Biblical Archaeology"**; Towards a Secular Archaeology*; Emergence of Israeli Archaeology**; Revisionist Scholarship*; Recent Developments**;
Architecture – Materials and Construction**; General Survey***;
Architecture – General Survey – Fortifications**; Domestic Buildings*; Cultic Buildings**; Administrative Buildings**; Later Developments*;
Arioch – Arioch (king of Ellasar); Arioch (captain of Nebuchadnezzar's bodyguards); Arioch (King of the Chaldeans);
Aristobulus – Aristobulus I; Aristobulus II; Aristobulus (mentioned in Romans);
Army – Semi-nomadic Origins*; Peasant's Militia*; Professional Heavy Infantry**; Classic Ancient Near Eastern Chariot Army*;
Aroer – Aroer (Aroer on the Arnon); Aroer (town in Gilead); Aroer (town near Damascus); Aroer (settlement west of Jordan);
Arphaxad – Arphaxad (king of the Medes); Arphaxad (ancestor of Jesus);
Artaxerxes – Artaxerxes I Longimanus; Artaxerxes II Mnemon;
Asa – Asa (grandson of Rehoboam)**; Asa (father of Berechiah);
Asahel – Asahel (son of Zeruiah); Asahel (Levite sent into Judah in 2 Chr.); Asahel (Levite who collected tithes); Asahel (father of Jonathan); Asahel (son of Ezora);
Asaiah – Asaiah (servant sent to Huldah); Asaiah (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Asaiah (head of a Merarite levitical family); Asaiah (firstborn of the Shilonites returning from exile);
Asaph – Asaph (father of Joah); Asaph (son of Berechiah the Levite)*; Asaph ("sons of Asaph"); Asaph (Keeper of Artaxerxes' park);
Ascension – Extrabiblical Literature**; Jesus**; Other Ascensions in the New Testament*;
Asher – Asher (Akkadian god); Asher (son of Jacob); Asher (tribal territory in Galilee)**;
Asiel – Asiel (father of Seraiah); Asiel (ancestor of Tobit); Asiel (scribe of Ezra);
Asshur (place) – Asshur (Assur of Assyria); Asshur (alternate name for Assyria);
Assir – Assir (son of Korah); Assir (son of Ebiasaph);
Ataroth – Ataroth (town in Transjordan); Ataroth (town in Josh 16:2); Ataroth (town in Josh 16:7); Ataroth (place in 1 Chr 2:54);
Ater – Ater (ancestor of returning family); Ater (Levite leader of a family of gatekeepers); Ater (Israelite covenant sealer in Neh.);
Athaliah – Athaliah (Queen of Judah)**; Athaliah (son of Jeroham); Athaliah (father of Jeshaiah);
Attai – Attai (son of Jarha); Attai (Gadite warrior at Ziklag); Attai (son of Rehoboam);
Aven – Aven (abbreviation of Beth-aven); Aven (derisive epithet for an Armenean valley); Aven (city possibly Heliopolis);
Avvim – Avvim (inhabitants of the Philistine Plain); Avvim (city of the tribe of Benjamin);
Azarel – Azarel (Korahite at Ziklag); Azarel (levitical singer of time of David); Azarel (son of Jeroham); Azarel (descendant of Binnui); Azarel (son of Ahzai); Azarel (priest of Neh.);
Azariah – Azariah (son of Zadok); Azariah (son of Nathan); Azariah (given name of King Uzziah); Azariah (great-grandson of Judah); Azariah (descendant of Judah); Azariah (descendant of Aaron); Azariah (priest in Solomon's temple); Azariah (father of Hilkiah); Azariah (of the Kohathite division of Levites); Azariah (priest of 1 Chr.); Azariah (son of Oded); Azariah (two sons of Jehoshaphat); Azariah (son of Jeroham and son of Oded, military officers); Azariah (priest of 2 Chr.); Azariah (murdered Ephraimite); Azariah (two men, father of Joel and son of Jehallel, who helped clean the temple); Azariah (chief priest under Hezekiah); Azariah (grandfather of Ezra); Azariah (father of Amariah); Azariah (wall repairer of Neh.); Azariah (one of the leaders of the exile returners); Azariah (interpreter of Ezra); Azariah (emigrant to Egypt in Jer.); Azariah (Hebrew name of Abednego);
Azaziah – Azaziah (Levite who played the lyre); Azaziah (father of Hoshea); Azaziah (overseer of the temple in 2 Chr.);
Azvameth (person) – Azvameth (one of David's Champions); Azvameth (Benjaminite of Ziklag); Azvameth (treasurer at the palace of David); Azvameth (son of Jehoaddah);
Azriel – Azriel (of the tribe of Manasseh); Azriel (father of Jerimoth); Azriel (father of Seraiah);
Azrikam – Azrikam (son of Neariah); Azrikam (son of Azel); Azrikam (son of Hashabiah); Azrikam (murdered by Zichri);
Azubah – Azubah (daughter of Shilhi); Azubah (wife of Caleb);
Azzur – Azzur (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Azzur (father of Hananiah); Azzur (father of Jaazaniah);
B
Baal (person) – Baal (descendant of Joel); Baal (son of Jeiel);
Baalah – Baalah (Kiriath-jearaim); Baalah (mountain on the border of Judah); Baalah (city of southern[[ Judah);
Baal-hanan – Baal-hanan (son of Achbor); Baal-hanan (Overseer of olives under David);
Baana – Baana (son of Ahilud); Baana (son of Hushai); Baana (father of Zadok);
Baanah – Baanah (son of Rimmon); Baanah (father of Heleb); Baanah (leader of exile returners);
Babylonia – Geography*; Prehistoric Settlements*; Third Millennium: Beginning of History**; Age of Hammurabi; Coming of the Indo-Europeans**; First Millennium**;
Bani – Bani (Gadite member of David's Thirty); Bani (Levite of the line of Ethan of the time of David); Bani (son of Perez); Bani (family of 642 returners); Bani (father of Rehum); Bani (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah);
Barsabbas – Barsabbas (surname of Joseph); Barsabbas (surname of Judas);
Baruch – Baruch (son of Zabbai); Baruch (ratifier of the covenant of Nehemiah); Baruch (son of Colhozeh); Baruch (companion of Jeremiah)**;
Barzillai – Barzillai (Gileadite of Rogelim); Barzillai (father of Adriel); Barzillai (husband of the daughter of Barzillai the Gileadite);
Basemath – Basemath (wife of Esau); Basemath (daughter of Solomon);
Bath-shua – Bath-shua (wife of Judah); Bath-shua (alternate form of Bathsheba);
Bealoth – Bealoth (city of Judah); Bealoth (place in Asher);
Bebai – Bebai (ancestor of returners); Bebai (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah);
Beer – Beer (well in Transjordan)*; Beer (place to which Jotham fled);
Beeri – Beeri (father of Judith); Beeri (father of Hosea);
Bela (person) – Bela (son of Boer); Bela (son of Benjamin); Bela (son of Azaz);
Benaiah – Benaiah (son of Jehoiada); Benaiah (one of David's Thirty); Benaiah (Simeonite chief in 1 Chr.); Benaiah (Levite musician of David); Benaiah (trumpet blower of the ark of David); Benaiah (priest of 2 Chr.); Benaiah (four divorcing Israelites of the time of Ezra); Benaiah (father of Pelatiah);
Benjamin – Benjamin (son of Jacob)**; Benjamin (son of Bilhan);
Beor – Beor (father of Bela); Beor (father of Balaam);
Berechiah – Berechiah (son of Zerubbabel); Berechiah (father of Asaph); Berechiah (son of Asa); Berechiah (gatekeeper of the ark under David); Berechiah (son of Meshillemoth); Berechiah (son of Meshezabel); Berechiah (son of Iddo);
Beriah or
Beriites – Beriah or Beriites (son of Asher); Beriah or Beriites (son of Ephraim); Beriah or Beriites (son of Elpaal); Beriah or Beriites (son of Shimei);
Beroea – Beroea (Macedonian city); Beroea (Hellenistic name of Aleppo);
Bethany – Bethany (home of Lazarus)**; Bethany (“Bethany beyond the Jordan” where John the Baptist baptized);
Beth-dagon – Beth-dagon (town of Judah); Beth-dagon (town of Asher);
Bethel (place) – Bethel (city 12 miles north of Jerusalem)**; Bethel (town in the Negeb of Judah);
Bethlehem – Bethlehem (Bethlehem of Judah)**; Bethlehem (town of Zebulon);
Beth-shemesh – Beth-shemesh (city of Dan)**; Beth-shemesh (village South of the Sea of Galilee); Beth-shemesh (settlement of Naphtali); Beth-shemesh (alternate name for Egyptian On);
Beyond the river – Beyond the river (area east of the Euphrates); Beyond the river (area west of the Euphrates)*; Beyond the river (district of Haran);
Bezalel – Bezalel (Judahite descendant of Caleb); Bezalel (returner from exile);
Bezek – Bezek (town of Judges); Bezek (town of 1 Sam.);
Bigvai – Bigvai (returner from Exile); Bigvai (family group returning from exile);
Bilgah – Bilgah (head of priestly family at time of David); Bilgah (leader of family of returning priests);
Bilhan – Bilhan (son of Ezer); Bilhan (son of Jediael);
Binnui – Binnui (son of Pahath-moab); Binnui (father of 13 divorcers); Binnui (ancestor of family of returners); Binnui (Levite contemporary of Zerubbabel);
Birds – Identification*; Domesticated birds*; Birds for offerings*; Birds of abomination*;
Boaz – Boaz (protector of Ruth)*; Boaz (pillar of Solomon's temple);
Book of the Twelve – Ancient Evidence*; History of the Collection*; Literary Unity**;
Bozrah – Bozrah (capital of Edom)*; Bozrah (city in Jer.); Bozrah (city in Gilead);
Bukki – Bukki (leader of the tribe of Dan); Bukki (son of Abishua);
Bunni – Bunni (Levite in Neh.); Bunni (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah); Bunni (ancestor of Shemaiah);
Canaan or
Canaanites – Name*; Land**; People**; Culture and Religion**; Language*;
Canaan or
Canaanites – Land – Biblical sources**; Nonbiblical sources**;
Canaan or
Canaanites – People – Biblical sources**; Nonbiblical sources*;
Canon of the Old Testament – Evidence for a Fixed Canon**; Process of Canonization**; Canon and Interpretation*;
Canon of the New Testament – Prophetic Foundation of the Gospel*; Authorization and Message of the Apostles**; Consciousness of Apostolic Authority*; Extent of the NT Canon**;
Carmel – Carmel (mountain range north of Israel)*; Carmel (town in the Judean wilderness);
Carmi – Carmi (son of Reuben); Carmi (father of Achan); Carmi (possible alternative name of Caleb);
Chronology of the Old Testament – Special Issues in Biblical Chronology – Intercalation*; Spring or Fall Calendars*; Accession and Nonaccession Year Reckoning*; Coregency*; Use of the LXX*; Relative and Absolute Chronology*;
Chronology of the Old Testament – OT History – Persian Period*; Neo-Babylonian Period**; Later Years of Judah*; Later Years of the Divided Monarchy**; Early Years of the Divided Monarchy**; United Monarchy**; Period of the Judges**; Date of the Exodus**; Sojourn*; Patriarchs*;
Chronology of the New Testament – Apostolic Period, including Paul – Acts*; Epistles*: Extrabiblical references**; Synthesis of a Pauline Christology**;
Church – Beginnings of the Church**; Expansion in the NT Era**; Features of the Church**;
Church – Expansion in the NT Era – Jerusalem and Judea*; Beyond Judea*; Mission to the Gentiles**;
Church – Features of the Church – Organization in Ministry**; Role of the Assembly**; The Hope of the Church*;
Corinthians, First Letter to the or
First Letter to the Corinthians – Author, Provenance, Date*; Corinth*; Occasion*; Parties and Opposition**; Literary and Rhetorical Analysis*; Major Issues in Corinth*; Significance*;
Covenant – Covenant and Moral Character*; Old Testament**; Later Traditions about the Sinai běrît**; Issues in Understanding the Sinai Covenant**; The New Covenant*;
Covenant – Old Testament – Where God Is Not a Partner*; Where God Is Under Obligation*; Where Israel Is Under Obligation to God: Sinai*;
Covenant – Later Traditions about the Sinai běrît – Postexilic Period*; Hellenistic Period: Sinai as diathēkē*; New Testament**;
Covenant - Later Traditions about the Sinai běrît – New Testament – Jesus**; Paul**;
Cush (person) – Cush (son of Ham); Cush (messenger to David); Cush (opponent of David);
Cushi – Cushi (father of Shelemiah); Cushi (father of Zephaniah);
D
D – D (Deuteronomist); D (symbol for Codex Bezae [D] and Codex Claromontanus [D2]);
Daniel – Daniel (son of David); Daniel (priest returned from exile); Daniel (praised by Ezekiel); Daniel (Hero of the Book of Daniel)**;
Daniel, Additions to or
Additions to Daniel – Prayer of Azariah*; Song of the Three Young Men*; Susanna**; Bel and the Serpent**;
Daniel, Book of or
Book of Daniel – Contents**; Problem of Bilingualism**; Date*; Placement in the Canon*;
Darius – Darius (Darius I)**; Darius (Darius II Ochus); Darius (Darius III Codommanus); Darius (Darius the Mede);
David – Sources**; Name*; Patronym*; Genealogy*; Location in Bethlehem*; Early Career**; Historical Relations with Saul's House**; Rise to Kingship**; Administration and Achievements**; Succession**; David's Place in Tradition*;
Dead Sea Scrolls – The Scrolls and the OT**; The Scrolls and Judaism**; The Scrolls and the NT**;
Debir (place) – Debir (city of Judah)*; Debir (city in Gilead); Debir (city on Judah-Benjamin border);
Deborah – Deborah (in Judges)**; Deborah (nurse of Rebekah); Deborah (grandmother of Tobit);
Delaiah – Delaiah (son of Elioenai); Delaiah (descendant of Aaron); Delaiah (ancestor of returning exiles); Delaiah (son of Mehetabel); Delaiah (son of Shemaiah);
Demetrius – Demetrius Poliorcetes*; Demetrius I Soter**; Demetrius II Nicator**; Demetrius III Eucerus*; Demetrius of Phalerum; Demetrius of Ephesus; Demetrius (3 John);
Desert – Physical Characteristics**; Conditions and Lessons*; Biblical Accounts**;
Eder (person) – Eder (postexilic Benjaminite); Eder (son of Mushi);
Eder (place) – Eder (town in southern Judah); Eder (landmark in the vicinity of Bethlehem);
Edrei – Edrei (Transjordanian city); Edrei (city in Naphtali);
Education – Development and History**; Teachers and Sages*; Content and Method*;
Egypt – Naqada I-II**; Proto-dynastic**; Old Kingdom**; Middle Kingdom*; Hyksos*; New Kingdom*; Third Intermediate Period*; Saite-Persian Period*; Hellenistic-Roman Rule**;
Egyptian (language) – History and Development**; Scripts*; Basic Principles of Writing**; Loanwords in the OT*;
Ehud – Ehud (judge)*; Ehud (son of Bilhan); Ehud (father of Naaman);
El – Middle and Late Bronze Age Sources**; Iron Age Sources**;
Elah – Elah (one of the 11 chiefs of Esau/Edom); Elah (4th king of Israel); Elah (father of Hoshea); Elah (son of Caleb); Elah (returning Benjaminite);
Elam (person) – Elam (son of Shem); Elam (son of Shashak); Elam (son of Meshelemiah); Elam (head of returning clan of Israelites); Elam ("other Elam"); Elam (signer of covenant of Nehemiah); Elam (priest who assisted Nehemiah);
Elasah – Elasah (son of Pashhur); Elasah (son of Shaphan);
Eleasah – Eleasah (son of Helez); Eleasah (son of Raphah);
Eleazar – Eleazar (son of Aaron); Eleazar (son of Abinadab); Eleazar (son of Dodo); Eleazar (son of Mali); Eleazar (son of Phinehas); Eleazar (priest of dedication in Neh.); Eleazar (son of Parosh); Eleazar (son of Mattathias); Eleazar (father of Jason); Eleazar (scribe of 2 Macc.); Eleazar (ancestor of Joseph);
Election – New Testament – Jesus Christ*; The Community of Faith**;
Elhanan – Elhanan (son of Jair); Elhanan (son of Dodo);
Eliab – Eliab (son of Helon); Eliab (father of Dothan); Eliab (son of Jesse); Eliab (descendant of Levi); Eliab (Gadite officer of David); Eliab (Levite harpist of 1 Chr.); Eliab (ancestor of Judith);
Eliada – Eliada (son of David); Eliada (father of Rezon); Eliada (Benjaminte officer of Jehoshaphat);
Eliakim – Eliakim (official of Hezekiah); Eliakim (son of Josiah); Eliakim (priest of Neh.); Eliakim (grandson of Zerubbabel); Eliakim (son of Melea);
Eliam – Eliam (father of Bathsheba); Eliam (son of Ahithophel);
Eliasaph – Eliasaph (head of tribe of Gad); Eliasaph (son of Lael);
Eliashib – Eliashib (descendant of David); Eliashib (priest of the time of David); Eliashib (father of Jehohanan); Eliashib (singer of the time of Ezra); Eliashib (descendant of Zattu); Eliashib (descendant of Bani); Eliashib (high priest of the time of Nehemiah); Eliashib (son of Joiakim); Eliashib (priest of the temple staff of Neh.);
Eliehoenai – Eliehoenai (son of Meshelemiah); Eliehoenai (son of Zerahiah);
Eliel – Eliel (head of Manassite household of 1 Chr.); Eliel (ancestor of Samuel); Eliel (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Eliel (Mahavite of David's Mighty Men); Eliel (Gadite who joined David); Eliel (Levite of the sons of Hebron); Eliel (Levite under Hezekiah);
Eliezer – Eliezer (oldest of Abraham's servants); Eliezer (son of Moses); Eliezer (son of Becher); Eliezer (trumpet blowing priest); Eliezer (son of Zichri); Eliezer (son of Dodavahu); Eliezer (priest sent by Ezra); Eliezer (divorcing son of priest of Ezra); Eliezer (divorcing Levite); Eliezer (son of Harim); Eliezer (ancestor of Jesus);
Elihu – Elihu (son of Tohu); Elihu (defecting chief at Ziklag); Elihu (gatekeeper of the lineage of Obed-edom); Elihu (brother of David); Elihu (son of Barachel)*;
Elijah, Apocalypse of or
Apocalypse of Elijah – Apocalypse of Elijah (Jewish-Christian book ca. 150-275 CE)*; Apocalypse of Elijah (Jewish Hebrew apocalypse ca. 6th-7th century)*;
Elioenai – Elioenai (son of Neariah); Elioenai (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Elioenai (son of Becher); Elioenai (divorcing priest); Elioenai (Israelite of the Zattu clan of Ezra); Elioenai (priest of Neh.);
Eliphelet – Eliphelet (son(s?) of David); Eliphelet (of David's Thirty); Eliphelet (son of Eshek); Eliphelet (returning descendant of Adonikam); Eliphelet (divorcing descendant of Hashum);
Elisha – Miracle Stories**; Political Legends**; Deuteronomistic Edition*;
Elishama – Elishama (son of Ammihud); Elishama (son of David); Elishama (father of Nethaniah); Elishama (descendant of Jerahmeel); Elishama (priest of Jehosaphat's commission); Elishama (scribe under Jehoiakim);
Elizaphan – Elizaphan (son of Uzziel); Elizaphan (son of Parnach);
Elkanah – Elkanah (descendant of Korah); Elkanah (father of Samuel)*; Elkanah (ancestor of Samuel of Chr. 6:25); Elkanah (ancestor of Samuel of Chr. 6:26); Elkanah (ancestor of Berechiah); Elkanah (Korahite of David's Mighty Men); Elkanah (Davidic Levite doorkeeper of the ark); Elkanah (official of Ahaz);
Elnathan – Elnathan (father of Nehushta); Elnathan (1 or 2 "leaders" and a "wise" returner from exile); Elnathan (son of Achbor);
Elon (person) – Elon (father of Basemath); Elon (son of Zebulun); Elon (Zebulunite judge);
Elzabad – Elzabad (Gadite of Ziklag); Elzabad (Korahite temple gatekeeper);
En-gannim – En-gannim (settlement in the Judean Shephelah); En-gannim (levitical city of Issachar);
Enoch (person) – Enoch (son of Cain); Enoch (son of Jared)*;
Enoch, Books of or
Books of Enoch – 1 (Ethiopic) Enoch**; 2 (Slavonic) Enoch*; 3 (Hebrew) Enoch*;
Ephah (person) – Ephah (son of Midian)*; Ephah (concubine of Caleb); Ephah (son of Jahdai);
Epher – Epher (son of Midian); Epher (son of Ezrah); Epher (of 1 Chr. 5:24);
Ephesians, Letter to the or
Letter to the Ephesians – Contents*; Occasion, Purpose, and Literary Classification**; Theological Themes**; Authorship, Dating, and Related Questions**;
Ezer – Ezer (son of Seir); Ezer (father of Hushah); Ezer (cattle raiding Ephraimite); Ezer (joined David at Ziklag); Ezer (son of Jeshua); Ezer (priest of Neh.);
Ezra – Ezra (of the Book of Ezra)*; Ezra (priest of Neh. 12:1, 13); Ezra (priest of Neh. 12:33);
Ezra, Book of or
Book of Ezra – Date, Scope, and Structure**; Content and Messages**; Historical Background*; Historical and Literary Issues*;
Ezra, Book of or
Book of Ezra – Content and Messages – Cyrus' decree (538) to restore the house of God in Jerusalem (1:1-4)*; Implementation of the decree (Ezra 1:5-Neh. 7:73 [72])**;
Ezra, Book of or
Book of Ezra – Content and Messages – Implementation of the decree (Ezra 1:5-Neh. 7:73 [72]) – Introduction with a list of returning exiles (Ezra 1:5-2:1-70)*; Implementation of decree in three movements (Ezra 3:1-Neh. 7:73 [72])**;
Ezra, Book of or
Book of Ezra – Content and Messages – Implementation of the decree (Ezra 1:5-Neh. 7:73 [72]) – Implementation of the decree in three movements – First movement: Building of the temple under Zerubbabel and Joshua's leadership in 538-516/5 (Ezra 3:1-6:22)**; Second movement: Building community under Ezra's leadership in 458-457 (Ezra 7:1-10:44)**;
Gabael – Gabael (ancestor of Tobit); Gabael (friend of Tobit);
Gad (person) – Gad (son of Jacob); Gad (David's prophet or seer);
Gaddi – Gaddi (son of Susi); Gaddi (nikname of Judas Maccabeus' brother John);
Gaius – Gaius (Macedonian who traveled with Paul to Ephesus); Gaius (Paul's companion from Derbe); Gaius (Corinthian baptized by Paul); Gaius (recipient of 3 John);
Galal – Galal (Levite of 1 Chr. 9:15); Galal (son of Jeduthun);
Galatians, Letter to the or
Letter to the Galatians – Content – Truth of the Gospel (1:11-2:21)**; Content – Children of the Promise (3:1-5:12)**; Content – Living by the Spirit (5:13-6:10)**; Content – Contemporary Discussion**;
Galilee – Israelite Period**; Hellenistic-Roman Period**; Early Church and Rabbis*;
Gath-rimmon – Gath-rimmon (city allotted to Dan); Gath-rimmon (city reallotted from Manasseh to Levites);
Gazez – Gazez (son of Caleb); Gazez (son of Haran);
Gebal – Gebal (city 30 km north of Beirut)**; Gebal (now Gibal territory);
Gedaliah – Gedaliah (son of Ahikam); Gedaliah (musician of David's reign); Gedaliah (of the family of Jeshua); Gedaliah (son of Pashhur); Gedaliah (grandfather of Zephaniah);
Gederah – Gederah (town in the Shephelah); Gederah (home town of Jozabad the Gederathite);
Gedor (place) – Gedor (town in the Judean hill country); Gedor (city in Gilead and capital of Perea);
Gemariah – Gemariah (son of Hilkiah); Gemariah (son of Shaphan);
Genesis, Book of or
Book of Genesis – Name and Early Interpretation*; Structure and Contents**; Formation**; History*;
Gera – Gera (son of Benjamin); Gera (father of Ehud); Gera (father of Shimei); Gera (name in 1 Chr. 8:1-40); Gera (son of Ehud);
Gershom – Gershom (son of Moses); Gershom (son of Levi); Gershom (descendant of Phinehas);
Geshur – Geshur (Aramean kingdom)*; Geshur (people or region south of the Philistine pentapolis);
Gestures – Illustrations – Head*; Face Alone**; Limbs**;
Gibeah – Gibeah (town in the hill country of Judah); Gibeah (town in the hill country of Ephraim); Gibeah (Benjaminite city)**;
Giddel – Giddel (returning temple servant); Giddel (servant of Solomon);
Gihon – Gihon (river of Genesis); Gihon (spring in the Kidron Valley)*;
Gilead (person) – Gilead (son of Machir); Gilead (father of Jephthah); Gilead (ancestor of the Gadite clan);
Gilgal – Gilgal (place "opposite" Mts. Gerizim and Ebal); Gilgal (place east of Jericho)**; Gilgal (place in Galilee); Gilgal (place on the northern border of Judah); Gilgal (site north of Bethel); Gilgal (iste Demetrius passed in 1 Macc.);
Ginnethon – Ginnethon (priest of Neh. 10:6); Ginnethon (priest of Neh. 12:16);
God – Issues of Genre**; The Knowledge of God**; Basic Claims about God***;
God – Basic Claims about God – Living and eternal*; Unity*; Unique, incomparable*; Present**; Active*; Relational**; Intentional*; Interactive*; Situational*; Effective*; Vulnerable*; Use of agents**; Mighty acts*; Extraordinary events*;
God in the Old Testament, Names of or
Names of God in the Old Testament – Adon*; Baal*; El*; El Elyon*; El Shaddai*; Eloah*; Fear of Isaac*; Holy One*; Mighty One of Jacob*;
Goiim – Goiim (kingdom led by Tidal); Goiim (kingdom whose king was defeated by Joshua); Goiim (alt. form of goyim);
Gomer – Gomer (son of Japheth); Gomer (son of Diblaim);
Goshen – Goshen (territory in Egypt settled by Hebrews)**; Goshen (region in southern Canaan); Goshen (town in the hill country assigned to Judah);
Gospel or
Good News – Origin of usage*; Matthew and Luke**; Mark*; Paul**; Other NT Usages*;
Greece – Bronze Age and Archaic Period (Beginnings to 450 B.C.E.)**; Classical Period (450-323 B.C.E.)**; Hellenistic Period (323-31 B.C.E.)**; Roman Period (31 B.C.E.-476 C.E.)*;
Greek (language) – History*; Greek in the Near East**;
Guni – Guni (son of Naphtali); Guni (father of Abdiel);
Hadad (person) – Hadad (son of Ishmael); Hadad (king of Edom, son of Bedad); Hadad (later king of Edom); Hadad (Edomite king, enemy of Solomon);
Hadadezer – Hadadezer (king of Zobah); Hadadezer (king of Damascus);
Hadoram – Hadoram (descendant of Joktan); Hadoram (son of King Tou or Hamath); Hadoram (official of King Rehoboam);
Haggai, Book of or
Book of Haggai – Prophetic Call to Work on the Temple (1:1-11)*; Response of Leaders and People (1:12-15a)*; Assurance of God's Presence (1:15b-2:9)*; Priestly Ruling with Interpretation (2:10-19)*; Future Hope (2:20-23)*;
Hakkoz – Hakkoz (head of the seventh division of priests under David); Hakkoz (family returning from exile);
Hamites or
Hamitic – Hamites or Hamitic (descendants of Ham)*; Hamites or Hamitic (Hamito-Semitic earlier designation of languages and cultures)*;
Hammon – Hammon (city in the territory assigned to Asher); Hammon (city in the territory of Naphtali);
Hanan – Hanan (son of Shashak); Hanan (son of Azel); Hanan (son of Maacah); Hanan (head of family of returners); Hanan (Levite of the time of Ezra); Hanan (Two men listed as leaders of the people in Neh.); Hanan (son of Zaccur); Hanan (guild member who occupied a chamber of the temple in Jer.);
Hanani – Hanani (father of Jehu)*; Hanani (son of Heman); Hanani (son of the priestly family of Immer); Hanani (Nehemiah's brother); Hanani (priest and trumpeter of Neh.);
Hananiah – Hananiah (son of Zerubbabel); Hananiah (postexilic member of tribe of Benjamin); Hananiah (son of Heman); Hananiah (commander under King Uzziah); Hananiah (of the family of Bebai who sent away foreign wife); Hananiah (son of Shelemiah); Hananiah (governor of the citadel/palace at time of Nehemiah); Hananiah (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Hananiah (priest and head of house of Jeremiah at time of Neh.); Hananiah (son of Azzur)*; Hananiah (father of official under Jehoiakim); Hananiah (father of Chelemiah); Hananiah (changed name to Shadrach);
Hanniel – Hanniel (son of Ephod); Hanniel (son of Ulla);
Hanoch – Hanoch (son of Midian); Hanoch (son of Reuben);
Hanun – Hanun (son of Nahash); Hanun (Israelite helped restore walls in Neh.); Hanun (son of Zalaph);
Haran (person) – Haran (son of Terah); Haran (descendant of Judah); Haran (son of Shimei);
Harim – Harim (head of a priestly family at time of David); Harim (person or place that designates a lay family of returners in Ezra);
Harod – Harod (spring in Judg.); Harod (town SE of Jerusalem, exact location unknown);
Hasadiah – Hasadiah (son of Zerubbabel); Hasadiah (ancestor of Baruch);
Hashabiah – Hashabiah (father of Malluch); Hashabiah (father of Azrikam); Hashabiah (son of Jeduthun); Hashabiah (Hebronite official of David); Hashabiah (son of Kemuel); Hashabiah (chief officer of the Levites at time of Josiah); Hashabiah (descendant of Merari); Hashabiah (one of 12 priests set apart by Ezra); Hashabiah (divorcing descendant of Parosh); Hashabiah (ruler of half the district of Keilah at time of Neh.); Hashabiah (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Hashabiah (chief officer of the Levites at time of Neh.); Hashabiah (head of a priestly family of Hilkiah); Hashabiah (a leader of the Levites at time of Neh.);
Hashabneiah – Hashabneiah (father of Hattush); Hashabneiah (Levite at time of Neh.);
Hashum – Hashum (returner at time of Ezra); Hashum (representative of the family of Hashum at time of Ezra);
Hasrah – Hasrah (grandfather of Shallum); Hasrah (head of family of returning exiles);
Hassenuah – Hassenuah (father of Hodaviah); Hassenuah (father of Judah);
Hasshub – Hasshub (Levite of the line of Merari); Hasshub (son of Pahath-moab); Hasshub (Israelite who helped rebuild the walls);
Hattush – Hattush (son of Shemaiah); Hattush (son of Hashabneiah); Hattush (returning priest);
Havilah (person) – Havilah (son of Cush); Havilah (son of Joktan);
Hazor – Hazor (city at the corner of the Huleh Plain)**; Hazor (city in the Negeb); Hazor (city on the southern border of Judah); Hazor (town resettled by Benjaminites after the Restoration); Hazor (collective term for Arab kingdoms);
Hazor (city at the corner of the Huleh Plain) – Textual References**; Archaeological Investigations**;
Hazor (city at the corner of the Huleh Plain) – Archaeological Investigations – Bronze Age**; Iron Age**;
Heber – Heber (son of Beriah); Heber (Kenite descended from Hobab); Heber (descendant of Ezrah); Heber (son of Elpaal);
Hebron (person) – Hebron (son of Kohath); Hebron (son of Mareshah);
Heldai – Heldai (Netophatite of David's army); Heldai (returner from exile);
Helem – Helem (descendant of Asher); Helem (responsible for the crown of the high priest in Zech.);
Helez – Helez (descendadnt of Jerahmeel); Helez (Pelonite of the army of Ephraim);
Heliopolis – Heliopolis (Egyptian city Om); Heliopolis (Greek name of Baalbek);
Heman – Heman (descendant of Esau); Heman (son of Mahol); Heman (son of Joel);
Hepher (person) – Hepher (son of Gilead); Hepher (descendant of Judah); Hepher (one of David's mighty men);
Hephzibah – Hephzibah (wife of King Hezekiah); Hephzibah (symbolic name for Jerusalem);
Herod (family) – Herod Antipater (father of Herod the Great)**; Herod the Great**; Mariamme I**; Mariamme II*; Salome (sister of Herod)*; Herod Antipater (son of Herod the Great)*; Alexander and Aristobulus*; Mariamme (granddaughter of Herod)*; Archelaus*; Mariamme (wife of Archelaus)*; Antipas (son of Herod the Great)*; Salome (daughter of Herod)*; Philip the Tetrarch**; Herod (son of Herod)*; Mariamme (married Herod IV)*; Agrippa I*; Mariamme (daughter of Agrippa I)*; Agrippa II*;
Herod (family) Herod the Great – King Herod**; Middle Years**; Herod's Buildings*; Final Years*; Evaluation*;
Hezekiah – Hezekiah (king of Judah)**; Hezekiah (head of family of returners); Hezekiah (ancestor of Zephaniah);
Hezir – Hezir (leaderof 17th division of priests under David); Hezir (Levite who sealed the covenant of Neh.);
Hezron (person) – Hezron (son of Reuben); Hezron (son of Perez);
Hieronymus – Hieronymus (district governor in 2 Macc.); Hieronymus (Latin form of Jerome);
Hilkiah – Hilkiah (father of Eliakim); Hilkiah (High priest at time of Josiah); Hilkiah (pre-exilic Levite, possible great-grandfather of Ezra); Hilkiah (ancestor of Merari); Hilkiah (father of postexilic priest, various names); Hilkiah (gatekeeper at the time of David); Hilkiah (one who stood beside Ezra); Hilkiah (leader of the priests at time of Neh.); Hilkiah (father of Jeremiah); Hilkiah (father of Gemariah); Hilkiah (ancestor of Judith); Hilkiah (ancestor of Baruch); Hilkiah (ancestor of Susanne);
Hillel – Hillel (father of Abdon); Hillel (Hillel the Elder)**;
Hittites – History**; Myths of Origin*; Identity**;
Hodaviah – Hodaviah (son of Elioenai); Hodaviah (head of a family in the half-tribe of Manasseh); Hodaviah (son of Hassenuah); Hodaviah (Levite ancestor of returners from exile);
Hodiah – Hodiah (brother-in-law of Nahum); Hodiah (Levite interpreter of the law of the time of Ezra); Hodiah (two Levites who signed the covenant of Ezra); Hodiah (an apparently non-Levite signer of the covenant of Ezra);
Holon – Holon (city in the hill country of Judah); Holon (city in the tableland of Moab);
Holy Spirit – New Testament – Gospels**; Paul**; John**;
Homosexuality – Male-male rape*; Same-sex intercourse as violation of purity*; Same-sex commitments*;
Hor – Hor (mountain on which Aaron died); Hor (mountain marking the northern boundary of Israel);
Hori – Hori (son of Lotan); Hori (father of Shaphat);
Horites – Horites (seminomadic people living in Seir-Edom)*; Horites (Hivites translated in the LXX as Horites)*;
Horn – Horn (container for liquids); Horn (symol of power, victory, or glory);
Hosea, Book of or
Book of Hosea – Text*; Literary Structure*; Compositional History**; Hosea, His Wife, and Social Location**; Message**;
Hoshaiah – Hoshaiah (a leader of Judah in Neh.); Hoshaiah (father of Jezaniah);
Hoshea – Hoshea (original name of Joshua); Hoshea (last king of northern Israel); Hoshea (chief officer David placed over Ephraim); Hoshea (levitical priest who ratified Ezra's covenant); Hoshea (prophet also called Hosea);
Hotham – Hotham (son of Heber); Hotham (father of Shama);
House – Textual Usage**; Archaeological Contexts**;
Hur – Hur (companion of Moses and Aaron); Hur (grandfather of Bezalel); Hur (one of five kings slain at Peor); Hur (father of Solomon's governor in Ephraim); Hur (father of Rephaiah);
Huram – Huram (Tyrian metal-worker); Huram (alternate form of the name Hiram); Huram (son of Bela);
Hushim – Hushim (son of Dan); Hushim (sons of Aher); Hushim (mother of Abitub);
Hyksos – Ethnic Identification**; Rise to Power**; End of Rule*; Impact*;
Hyrkanus – Hyrcanus (son of Tobias); John Hyrcanus**; Hyrcanus II**;
I
Iddo – Iddo (father of Ahinadab); Iddo (Levite descendant of Gershom); Iddo (prophet said to have authored a midrash); Iddo (grandfather of Zechariah); Iddo (tribal leader under David); Iddo (Yehudite who married a foreign woman); Iddo (Judean leader of the time of Ezra);
Igal – Igal (spy from Issachar); Igal (son of Nathan); Igal (son of Shemaiah);
Illness and
Health Care – Prehistoric and Early Periods**; Preexilic Israel**; Postexilic Israel**; Early Christianity**; Conclusion**;
Imnah – Imnah (son of Asher); Imnah (father of Kore);
Imri – Imri (ancestor of Uthai); Imri (father of Zaccur);
Interpretation, Biblical or
Biblical interpretation – OT and Judaism**; Early Church and Medieval Interpretation**; The Reformation and Modern Interpretation**; Contemporary Approaches**;
Ira – Ira (Manassite of the lineage of Jair); Ira (son of Ikkesh); Ira (Ithrite, one of David's Champions);
Isaiah, Book of or
Book of Isaiah – The Prophetic Scroll – Historical Questions**; Canonical Criticism**; Primary Historical Setting**;
Isaiah, Book of or
Book of Isaiah – Message – Memories of Isaiah's Vision (Chs. 1-39)**; The Basis for Hope (Chs. 40-55)**; Maintaining the Vision (Chs. 56-66)**;
Isaiah, Book of or
Book of Isaiah – Message – Memories of Isaiah's Vision (Chs. 1-39) – A People in Revolt (Ch. 1)*; Judgment for Judah and Jerusalem (Chs. 2-12)**; Judgment for Babylon and the Nations (Chs. 13-35)*; Isaiah and Hezekiah (Chs. 36-39)*;
Ishi – Ishi (son of Appaim); Ishi (father of Zoheth); Ishi (Simeonite whose sons or followers defeated Amalekites in 1 Chr.); Ishi (head of a father's house in the half-tribe of Manasseh);
Ishmael – Ishmael (son of Abraham)**; Ishmael (son of Azel); Ishmael (father of Zebediah); Ishmael (son of Johananan); Ishmael (son of Passhur); Ishmael (son of Nethaniah);
Ishmaiah – Ismaiah (Gibeonite leader of the Thirty); Ismaiah (son of Obadiah);
Ishvi – Ishvi (son of Asher); Ishvi (son of Saul);
Israel – Name**; Biblical Account**; Biblical Account of History**; Extrabiblical Evidence and Theories**;
Israel – Biblical Account of History – Wilderness to United Monarchy**; Kingdom of Israel**;
Issachar – Issachar (son of Leah); Issachar (son of Obed-orem);
Isshiah – Isshiah (son of Izrahiah); Isshiah (who joined David at Ziklag); Isshiah (son of Uzziel); Isshiah (Levite of the family of Rehabiah);
Ithiel – Ithiel (ancestor of Sallu); Ithiel (person addressed in Proverbs);
Ithran – Ithran (son of Dishon); Ithran (son of Zophah);
Ittai – Ittai (man from Gath in 2 Sam.); Ittai (son of Ribai);
Izhar – Izhar (Levite father of Korah); Izhar (Judahite son of Helah);
J
Jaasiel – Jaasiel (Mezobaite, one of David's mighty men); Jaasiel (son of Abner);
Jaazaniah – Jaazaniah (commander of the troops of Judah under Gedaliah); Jaazaniah (son of Jeremiah); Jaazaniah (son of Shaphan); Jaazaniah (son of Azzur);
Jabin – Jabin (king of Hazor in Josh.); Jabin (king of Hazor in Judg.);
Jabneel – Jabneel (town on the southern border of the tribe of Judah); Jabneel (town on the southeastern border of Naphtali);
Jachin – Jachin (son of Simeon); Jachin (leader of the 21st priestly division at the time of David);
Jaddua – Jaddua (a "leader of the people" who sealed the covenant in Neh.); Jaddua (son of Jonathan);
Jahath – Jahath (son of Reaiah); Jahath (son of Libni); Jahath (grandson of Gershom); Jahath (son of Shelomoth); Jahath (overseer of the temple repair work force at the time of King Josiah);
Jahaziel – Jahaziel (Benjaminite who came to David at Ziklag); Jahaziel (priest at the time of David); Jahaziel (Korahite Levite of 1 Chr.); Jahaziel (son of Zechariah); Jahaziel (father of Shecaniah);
Jair – Jair (son of Manasseh); Jair (Jair the Gileadite); Jair (father of Elhanan); Jair (father of Mordecai);
Jakim – Jakim (son of Shimei); Jakim (leader of the twelfth division of priests at the time of David);
James – James the son of Zebedee**; James the son of Alphaeus*; James the son of Mary*; James the father of Judas*; James the brother of Jesus**;
James, Letter of or
Letter of James – Theological Emphases – Wisdom*; Love, Faith, and Works*; Perfection*; Eschatology*;
Jamin – Jamin (son of Simeon); Jamin (son of Ram); Jamin (Levite of the time of Neh.);
Janoah – Janoah (town on the eastern border of Ephraim)*; Janoah (city in the northern region of Naphtali)*;
Japheth – Japheth (son of Noah)**; Japheth (region north of Arabia);
Japhia (person) – Japhia (king of Lachish); Japhia (son of David);
Jarib – Jarib (son of Simeon); Jarib (sent by Ezra to Casiphia); Jarib (priest Ezra ordered to give up a foreign wife);
Jarmuth – Jarmuth (city in Judah); Jarmuth (city in Issachar);
Jashobeam – Jashobeam (Hachmonite leader of David's Three); Jashobeam (son of Zabdiel); Jashobeam (Korahite who defected at Ziklag);
Jashub – Jashub (son of Issachar); Jashub (returned exile of Ezra);
Jason – Jason (son of Eleazar); Jason (father of Antipater); Jason (Cyrenian historian); Jason (high priest 174-171 B.C.E.); Jason (Jewish Christian of Acts 17:5-9); Jason (companion of Paul in Rom 16:21);
Jeconiah or
Jechoniah – Jeconiah or Jechoniah (altenate name of King Jehoiachin of Judah); Jeconiah or Jechoniah (Levitical priest of time of King Josiah); Jeconiah or Jechoniah (alternate name of King Jehoahaz or Judah);
Jedaiah – Jedaiah (son of Shimri); Jedaiah (eponymous ancestor of a priestly house); Jedaiah (wall builder of Neh.); Jedaiah (priest of the time of Neh.); Jedaiah (two levitical chiefs who returned at time of Neh. 12:6-7); Jedaiah (two head of family priest of Neh. 12:19, 21); Jedaiah (contemporary of the prophet Zechariah);
Jediael – Jediael (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Jediael (son of Shimri); Jediael (military chief who deserted David at Ziklag); Jediael (son of Meshelemiah);
Jeduthun – Jeduthun (father of Obed-edom); Jeduthun (Levitical musician of 1 and 2 Chr.);
Jehallelel – Jehallelel (descendant of Judah); Jehallelel (father of Azariah);
Jehdeiah – Jehdeiah (descendant of Shubael); Jehdeiah (Meronothite overseer of David's donkeys);
Jehiel – Jehiel (Levite musician of the time of David); Jehiel (founder of the levitical family of Jehieli); Jehiel (son of Hachmoni); Jehiel (Gershonite of 1 Chr.); Jehiel (Levite of 2 Chr.); Jehiel (Levite official of the time of Hezekiah); Jehiel (official of the time of Josiah); Jehiel (father of Obadiah); Jehiel (father of Shechasniah); Jehiel (priest of the family of Harim); Jehiel (Israelite of the family of Elam);
Jehoahaz – Jehoahaz (King of Judah son of Jehoram); Jehoahaz (King of Israel son of Jehu); Jehoahaz (17th King of Judah);
Jehohanan – Jehohanan (Korahite Levite gatekeeper of 1 Chr.); Jehohanan (Judahite commander in Jehoshaphat's army in 2 Chr.); Jehohanan (father of Ishmael); Jehohanan (owner of chamber to which Ezra retreated for fasting); Jehohanan (son of Bebai); Jehohanan (son of Tobiah the Ammonite); Jehohanan (head of a priestly house in Neh.); Jehohanan (priest at dedication of the walls in Neh.);
Jehoiada – Jehoiada (priest from Kabzeel); Jehoiada (priest in coup against Athaliah)**; Jehoiada (son of Benaiah); Jehoiada (son of Eliashib); Jehoiada (priest replaced by Zephaniah);
Jehoiakim – Jehoiakim (King of Judah 609-598 B.C.E.)**; Jehoiakim (son of Hilkiah);
Jehonathan – Jehonathan (Levite of 2 Chr.); Jehonathan (postexilic priest of Neh.);
Jehoram – Jehoram (son of Ahab)**; Jehoram (son and successor or Jehoshaphat)*; Jehoram (priest of Judah);
Jehoshaphat – Jehoshaphat (son of Ahilud); Jehoshaphat (son of Paruah); Jehoshaphat (King of Judah)**; Jehoshaphat (son of Nimshi);
Jehozabad – Jehozabad (servant of Joash of Judah); Jehozabad (son of Obed-edom); Jehozabad (Benjaminite commander of 2 Chr.);
Jehu – Jehu (prophet of the era of King Baasha of Israel); Jehu (King of Israel ca. 843-816 B.C.E.)**; Jehu (son of Obed); Jehu (son of Joshibiah); Jehu (Benjaminite warrior of David at Ziklag);
Jeiel – Jeiel (clan chief of 1 Chr.); Jeiel (father of Gibeon); Jeiel (son of Hotham); Jeiel (Levite harpist of 1 Chr.); Jeiel (Asaphite Levite of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (secretary of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (chief of Levites of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (descendant of Nebo);
Jekamiah – Jekamiah (son of Shallum); Jekamiah (descendant of King Jeconiah);
Jephunneh – Jephunneh (father of Caleb); Jephunneh (son of Jether);
Jerahmeel – Jerahmeel (brother of Ram and Caleb)*; Jerahmeel (son of Kish); Jerahmeel (Judean officer under Jehoiakim);
Jeremiah – Jeremiah (man from Libnah); Jeremiah (clan head of 1 Chr.); Jeremiah (Benjaminite warrior that joined David at Ziklag); Jeremiah (two Gadite warriors who joined David at Ziklag); Jeremiah (priest who signed the covenant of Neh.); Jeremiah (priest returner of Neh.); Jeremiah (administrative official of Judah at Neh.); Jeremiah (prophet from Anathoth); Jeremiah (father of Jaazaniah);
Jeremoth – Jeremoth (of the sons of Becher); Jeremoth (son of Beriah); Jeremoth (son of Mushi); Jeremoth (son of Heman); Jeremoth (descendant of Elam); Jeremoth (descendant of Zattu); Jeremoth (descendant of Bani);
Jericho – Old Testament and Apocrypha*; New Testament*; Tell es-Sultân**; Tulûl Abū el-‘Alayiq*;
Jerimoth – Jerimoth (son of Bela); Jerimoth (Benjaminite who joined David at ZIklag); Jerimoth (family head of tribe of Levi of 1 Chr.); Jerimoth (temple musician and seer of time of David); Jerimoth (commander of Naphtali at time of David); Jerimoth (son of King David); Jerimoth (temple storeroom overseer of 2 Chr.);
Jeroboam – Jeroboam (first king of Israel)**; Jeroboam (King of Israel 785-745)**;
Jeroham – Jeroham (father of Elkanah); Jeroham (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Ibneiah); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Adaiah); Jeroham (man from Gedor); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Azarel); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Azariah);
Jerusalem – Name*; Setting**; Ancient Sources*; Archaeological Evidence*; History***;
Jerusalem, Gates of or
Gates of Jerusalem – Preexilic Period*; Restoration Period**; New Testament Period**;
Jeshaiah – Jeshaiah (grandson of Zerubbabel); Jeshaiah (son of Jeduthun); Jeshaiah (son of Rehabiah); Jeshaiah (son of Athaliah); Jeshaiah (Meraite Levite of Ezra); Jeshaiah (forebear of Sallu);
Jeshimon – Jeshimon (desert region east of the Judean mountains and west of the Dead Sea); Jeshimon (desert region at northeastern end of the Dead Sea);
Jeshua – Jeshua (head of ninth division of Levitical priests of 1 Chr.); Jeshua (priest of the time of Hezekiah); Jeshua (son of Jehozadak); Jeshua (name of a nonpriestly clan of Pahathmoab); Jeshua (levitical house of returnees); Jeshua (alternate form of Joshua son of Nun); Jeshua (father of Jozabad); Jeshua (father of Ezer); Jeshua (Levitical singer of Neh.); Jeshua (son of Kadmiel);
Jesus – Jesus (father of Sirach); Jesus (alternate name of Joshua ben Sira); Jesus (surname of Paul's co-worker Justus);
Jesus Christ – Life**; Sources**; Public Career*; Teaching**; Miracles*; Controversy and Danger**; Jesus's Last Week**; The Resurrection**;
Jesus Christ – Teaching – The Nature of the Kingdom*; Its Time and Place*; Preparation and Discipleship*; The Poor and Sinners*; Self-Conception*; Jewish Law**; Ethics*;
Jesus Christ – Controversy and Danger – Crowds and Autonomy*; Scribes and Pharisees**;
Jether – Jether (son of Gideon); Jether (father of Amasa); Jether (son of Jada); Jether (son of Ezrah); Jether (Asherite of 1 Chr.);
Jeuel – Jeuel (head of a clan in 1 Chr.); Jeuel (of the sons of Elizaphan); Jeuel (son of Adonikam);
Jeush – Jeush (son of Esau); Jeush (son of Bilhan); Jeush (son of Eshek); Jeush (son of Shimei); Jeush (son of Rehoboam);
Jezreel (place) – Jezreel (town in the hills of Judah); Jezreel (valley of Jezreel)**; Jezreel (town on the southern border of Issachar);
Joah – Joah (son of Asaph); Joah (son of Zimmah); Joah (son of Obed-edom); Joah (father of Eden); Joah (son of Joahaz);
Joash – Joash (father of Gideon); Joash (son of Ahab); Joash (King of Judah 837-800 B.C.E.)**; Joash (King of Israel 800-785)**; Joash (of the Judahite genealogy of 1 Chr.); Joash (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Joash (archer who joined David at Ziklag); Joash (overseer of David's stores of oil);
Job, Book of or
Book of Job – Composition and Structure*; Content and Movement**;
Jobab – Jobab (son of Joktan); Jobab (son of Zerah); Jobab (King of Madon defeated by Joshua); Jobab (son of Shaharaim); Jobab (son of Elpaal);
Joel – Joel (son of Samuel); Joel (prince of the tribe of Simeon); Joel (father of Shemaiah); Joel (chief of Gad); Joel (son of Azariah of Sam.); Joel (son of Izrahiah); Joel (brother of Nathan); Joel (cheif of the Gershomite Levites of the time of David); Joel (son of Ladan); Joel (son of Pedaiah); Joel (son of Azariah of 2 Chr.); Joel (son of Nebo); Joel (son of Zichri); Joel (prophet, son of Pethuel); Joel (archangel Joel);
Joha – Joha (son of Beriah); Joha (son of Shimri);
Johanan – Johanan (son of Kareah); Johanan (son of Josiah); Johanan (son of Elioenai); Johanan (son of Azariah); Johanan (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Johanan (Gadite who joined David at Ziklag); Johanan (Ephraimite chief, son of Azariah); Johanan (descendant of Azgad); Johanan (high priest of Neh.);
John – John (father of Matthias); John (son of Matthias); John (father of Eupolemus); John (John Hyrcanus I); John (John Hyrcanus II); John (envoy of 2 Mac.); John (John the Baptist); John (son of Zebedee); John (father of Peter); John (friend of Annas); John (John Mark, son of Mary); John (author of Revelation);
John, Gospel of or
Gospel of John – Contents*; Authorship and Composition*; Date*; Readers*; Relationship to Other NT Books**; Theological Emphasis*;
John, Gospel of or
Gospel of John – Relationship to Other NT Books – Synoptic Gospels*; Johannine Epistles*; Revelation*;
John, Letters of or
Letters of John – 1 John**; 2 John*; 3 John*; Date and Location*;
John the Baptist – Sources*; Name*; Activity and Location**; Religious Message**; Followers*;
Joiada – Joiada (son of Paseah); Joiada (priest during the reign of Darius);
Joiarib – Joiarib (man of insight sent by Ezra); Joiarib (son of Zechariah); Joiarib (returning priest of Neh.);
Joktheel – Joktheel (town in the Shepelah); Joktheel (capital of Edomite territory);
Jonadab – Jonadab (son of Shimeah); Jonadab (son of Rechab);
Jonah, Book of or
Book of Jonah – Jonah Called (1:1-3)*; Jonah Pursued (1:4-16)*; Jonah's Response to God's Deliverance (1:17-2:10 [MT 2:1-11])*; Nineveh and God Repent (3:1-10)*; A Theological Debate (4:1-11)*;
Jonathan – Jonathan (son of Gershom); Jonathan (son of Saul)**; Jonathan (son of Abiathar); Jonathan (son of Shammah); Jonathan (son of Jada); Jonathan (son of Shimei); Jonathan (son of Uzziah); Jonathan (uncle of King David); Jonathan (father of Ebed); Jonathan (son of Asahel); Jonathan (son of Joiada); Jonathan (priest of Neh.); Jonathan (son of Shemaiah); Jonathan (secretary of Jer.); Jonathan (son of Kareah); Jonathan (son of Mattathias)**; Jonathan (son of Absalom); Jonathan (priest of 2 Macc.);
Joram – Joram (son of King Toi of Hamath); Joram (contracted form of Jehoram); Joram (Levite descended from Eliezer);
Joseph – Joseph (son of Jacob)**; Joseph (father of Igal); Joseph (of the sons of Asaph); Joseph (descendant of Binnui); Joseph (returner of Neh.); Joseph (son of Oziel); Joseph (son of Zechariah); Joseph (brother of Judas Maccabeus); Joseph (husband of Mary)**; Joseph (brother of Jesus); Joseph (brother of James, son of Mary); Joseph of Arimathea**; Joseph (father of Jannai); Joseph (father of Judah); Joseph (disciple of Jesus called Barsabbas); Joseph (became Barnabas);
Joses – Joses (brother of Jesus); Joses (brother of James the younger);
Joshua – Joshua (son of Nun)**; Joshua (man of 1 Sam.); Joshua (governor of Jerusalem of 2 Kings); Joshua (high priest); Joshua (person in Luke's genealogy of Jesus);
Joshua, Book of or
Book of Joshua – Literary Characteristics**; Historical Features**;
Josiah – Josiah (son of Amon)**; Josiah (son of Zephaniah);
Jotham – Jotham (son of Gideon); Jotham (king of Judah)**; Jotham (son of Jahdai);
Jozabad – Jozabad (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Jozabad (two men who joined David at Ziklag); Jozabad (a temple overseer under Hezekiah); Jozabad (Levite who contributed to Josiah's Passover); Jozabad (son of the priestly family of Passhur); Jozabad (son of Jeshua the Levite); Jozabad (Levite of Ezra); Jozabad (Levite of Neh.);
Judah – Judah (son of Jacob); Judah (tribe of Judah); Judah (ancestor of a family in Ezra); Judah (Levite who had married a foreign woman); Judah (son of Hassenuah); Judah (returner from exile); Judah (leader of Judah in Neh.); Judah (priest and musician of Neh.); Judah (ancestor of Jesus);
Judah, Kingdom of or
Kingdom of Judah – History – Sources*; David and Solomon**; Divided Kingdom*; Omride Dynasty*; Aramean Domination*; Assyrian Domination**; Egyptian and Babylonian Domination**;
Judas – Judas (son of Chalphi); Judas (son of Simon Maccabeus); Judas (writer to Aristobulus); Judas (brother of Jesus); Judas (disciple other than Iscariot, often identified with Thaddeus); Judas (Judas of Galilee); Judas (who hosted Paul after the Damascus incident); Judas (Judas Barsabbas);
Jude, Letter of or
Letter of Jude – Literary Structure*; Sources*; The Opponents*; Date*; Authorship**; Destination*; Message*;
Judges, Book of or
Book of Judges – Formation*; The Judges*; Contents**; Themes*; New Directions*;
Judges, Book of or
Book of Judges – Contents – The Conquest (1:1-2:5)*; Exploits of the Judges (2:6-16:31)*; Appendices (17:1-21:25)*;
Judith – Judith (wife of Esau); Judith (of the Book of Judith);
Justus – Justus (surname of Joseph Barsabbas); Justus (Titius or Titus Justus); Justus (Jesus Justus);
K
Kadesh or
Kadesh-barnea – Kadesh or Kadesh-barnea (site in the northern Sinai)**; Kadesh or Kadesh-barnea (modern Tell Nebi Mind)*;
Kanah – Kanah (stream between Ephraim and Manasseh)*; Kanah (town in the territory of Asher)*;
Kedesh – Kedesh (city in Upper Galilee); Kedesh (town on the southern border of Judah); Kedesh (Levitical city of Issachar); Kedesh (town in southern Naphtali);
Kemuel – Kemuel (son of Nahor); Kemuel (son of Shiphtan); Kemuel (father of Hasabiah);
Kenaz or
Kennizite – Kenaz or Kennizite (son of Eliphaz)*; Kenaz or Kennizite (brother of Caleb); Kenaz or Kennizite (son of Elah);
Kingdom of God or
Kingdom of Heaven – Old Testament*; Apocalyptic and Intertestamental Literature*; New Testament**; Conclusion*;
Kings, Books of or
Books of Kings – Organization*; Contents*; History of Composition*; Ideology*; Issues in Recent study**;
Kir – Kir (place to which Tilgath-pileser III deported Aramaeans)*; Kir (city in Moab); Kir (apparently a city in southern Mesopotamia);
Kiriathaim – Kiriathaim (town east of the Jordan); Kiriathaim (city in the territory of Naphtali);
Kish (Person) – Kish (Benjaminite from Gibeah); Kish (son or descendant of Jeiel); Kish (Levite of the Merarite clan); Kish (son of Abdi); Kish (Benjaminite ancestor of Mordecai);
Kolaiah – Kolaiah (ancestor of Sallu); Kolaiah (father of Ahab);
Korah – Korah (son or grandson of Esau); Korah (son of Izhar); Korah (son of Hebron); Korah (descendant of the levitical Korah);
Kore – Kore (Levite of the line of Korah); Kore (son of Imnah);
L
L – L (material found only in the Gospel of Luke); L (symbol designating Codex Leningradensis B);
Lachish – Old Testament**; Other Sources*; Tel Lachish/Tell ed-Duweir**;
Ladan – Ladan (ancestor of Joshua); Ladan (of the lineage of Gershon);
Law – Law Codes**; Judicial System**; Police Power**;
Levi – Levi (ancestor of the Levites)*; Levi (ancestor of Jesus); Levi (disciple known as Matthew); Levi (father of Matthat);
Leviticus, Book of or
Book of Leviticus – Dating and Provenance**; Anthropological Perspectives*; Animal Sacrifice**; Holiness and Purity**; Historical Note*;
Libnah – Libnah (place in the Sinai Peninsula mentioned in Num.); Libnah (city conquered by Joshua)*;
Libni – Libni (son of Gershon); Libni (Levite descendant of Merari);
Lucius – Lucius of Cyrene; Lucius (relative of Paul); Lucius Caecilius Metullus;
Luz – Luz (site of Jacob's ladder dream)*; Luz (in Judges)*;
Lysimachus – Lysimachus (general of Alexander the Great)*; Lysimachus (brother of Simon and Menelaus)*; Lysimachus (son of Ptolemy of Jerusalem)*; Lysimachus (author of an anti-Semitic history)*;
M
Maacah (person) – Maacah (child of Nahor); Maacah (mother of Absalom); Maacah (father of Achish); Maacah (wife of Rehoboam); Maacah (concubine of Caleb); Maacah (sister or wife of Machir); Maacah (wife of Jehiel); Maacah (father of Hanun); Maacah (father of Shepatiah);
Maasheiah or
Asaiah – Maasheiah or Asaiah (Levite of the second order of 1 Chr.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (lute player of 1 Chr., maybe identical to previous); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Adaiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (officer under Hananiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (deputy or son of Ahaz of 2 Chr.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (governor of Jerusalem); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest of the family of Jeshua); Maasheiah or Asaiah (member of the priestly family of Harim); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest of the family of Pahhur); Maasheiah or Asaiah (member of the family of Pahath-moab); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Azariah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (person who stood at Ezra's right hand as he read the Torah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (Israelite who read the Torah in Hebrew); Maasheiah or Asaiah (a chief of the people and sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Baruch); Maasheiah or Asaiah (ancestor of Sallu); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest who played the trumpet in Neh.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest who took part in the dedication in Neh.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Zephaniah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Zedekiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Shallum);
Maaziah –
Maaziah (founder of division of priests in 1 Chr.); Maaziah (priest who sealed the covenant in Neh.);
Machir – Machir (son of Manasseh)**; Machir (son of Ammiel);
Magic – Ancient Mediterranean and Near East*; Old Testament**; New Testament and Early Christian Texts**;
Mahalalel or
Mahalaleel – Malalalel or Mahalaleel (son of Kenan); Malalalel or Mahalaleel (Judahite of the family of Perez);
Mahalath or
Basemoth – Mahalath or Basemoth (daughter of Ishmael); Mahalath or Basemoth (wife of Rehoboam); Mahalath or Basemoth (cryptic term in Psalms)*;
Mahath – Mahath (son of Amasai of 1 Chr.); Mahath (son of Amasai of 2 Chr.);
Mahlah – Mahlah (daughter of Zelophebad); Mahlah (child of Hammolecheth);
Mahli – Mahli (son of Merari); Mahli (son of Mushi);
Malachi, Book of or
Book of Malachi – Date*; Historical Background*; Authorship**; Genre*; Outline and Message**;
Malachi, Book of or
Book of Malachi – Outline and Message – 1:2-5 God's Love for Israel*; 1:6-2:9 Pollution by the Priests*; 2:10-16 Unfaithfulness within the Community*; 2:17-3:5 – Cleansing of the Community*; 3:6-12 Paying for Cultic Services*; 3:13-4:3 (3:21) Hope for the Community*; 4:4-6 (3:22-24) Living in the Community*;
Malchiah – Malchiah (father of Pashur); Malchiah (member of Judah's royal family in Jer.);
Malchijah – Malchijah (Gershomite Levite of 1 Chr.); Malchijah (descendant of Aaron of 1 Chr.); Malchijah (descendant of Purosh in Ezra); Malchijah (descendant of Harim in Ezra); Malchijah (son of Harim in Neh.); Malchijah (ruler of Beth-hakkerem); Malchijah (goldsmith in Neh.); Malchijah (man who stood with Ezra when he read the Torah); Malchijah (priest and signer of Ezra's covenant); Malchijah (priest in the choir in Neh.);
Malluch – Malluch (ancestor of Ethan in 1 Chr.); Malluch (of the sons of Bani); Malluch (of the sons of Harim); Malluch (priest involved in the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Malluch (one of the chiefs of the people who signed the covenant of Neh.); Malluch (priest who returned with Zerubabbel);
Manasseh – Manasseh (son of Joseph and Asenath)**; Manasseh (king of Judah)**; Manasseh (son of Pahathmoab); Manasseh (son of Hashum); Manasseh (son of Addi); Manasseh (husband of Judith);
Maon (place) – Maon (town in the hill country of Judah)**; Maon (now Khirbet el-Ma'in)*;
Mareshah (person) – Mareshah (son of Caleb); Mareshah (son of Laadah);
Mari – History**; Texts**; Relationship to the Bible**;
Mary – Mary (mother of Jesus)**; Mary Magdalene**; Mary of Bethany*; Mary the mother of James and Joseph*; Mary wife of Cleopas*; Mary the mother of John Mark*; Mary of Rome*;
Massa – Massa (son of Ishmael); Massa (term in Proverbs);
Matriarchs – Sarah**; Rebekah**; Leah and Rachel**;
Mattan – Mattan (priest of Baal); Mattan (father of Shephatiah);
Mattaniah – Mattaniah (last king of Judah); Mattaniah (of the sons of Heman); Mattaniah (ancestor of Jahaziel); Mattaniah (Levite of the time of Hezekiah); Mattaniah (of the clan of Elam); Mattaniah (of the clan of Zattu); Mattaniah (of the clan of Pahath-moab); Mattaniah (of the clan of Bani); Mattaniah (son of Mica or Micaiah); Mattaniah (grandfather of Hana ben Zaccur);
Mattathias – Mattathias (priest of the order of Jehoiarib); Mattathias (son of Absalom); Mattathias (son of Simon); Mattathias (envoy sent by Judas Maccabeus); Mattathias (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:25); Mattathias (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:26);
Mattenai – Mattenai (of the sons of Hashum); Mattenai (of the sons of Bani); Mattenai (of the priestly house of Joiarib);
Matthat – Matthat (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:24); Matthat (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:29);
Mattithiah – Mattithiah (son of Shallum); Mattithiah (Levitical gatekeeper in 1 Chr.); Mattithiah (son of Nebo); Mattithiah (Israelite who accompanied Ezra);
Mehetabel – Mehetabel (wife of Hadar); Mehetabel (ancestor of Shemaiah);
Mephibosheth – Mephibosheth (son of Saul)*; Mephibosheth (grandson of Saul)*;
Meraioth or
Meremoth – Meraioth or Meremoth (Levite descendant of Aaron); Meraioth or Meremoth (son of Ahitub); Meraioth or Meremoth (priestly family headed by Helkai at the time of Joiakim);
Merari – Merari (son of Levi)**; Merari (father of Judith);
Meremoth – Meremoth (son of Uriah); Meremoth (of the sons of Bani); Meremoth (son of Uriah, grandson of Hakkoz); Meremoth (priest who returned from exile);
Mesha (person) – Mesha (king of Moab)**; Mesha (son of Caleb); Mesha (son of Shaharaim);
Meshech – Meshech (son of Japheth); Meshech (son of Shem);
Meshillemoth or
Meshillemith – Meshillemoth or Meshillemith (father of Berechiah); Meshillemoth or Meshillemith (descendant of Immer);
Meshullam – Meshullam (grandfather of Shaphan); Meshullam (son of Zerubbabel); Meshullam (head of a Gadite clan in 1 Chr.); Meshullam (son of Elpaal); Meshullam (father of Sallu); Meshullam (son of Shephatiah); Meshullam (father of Hilkiah); Meshullam (father of Jahzerah); Meshullam (Kohathite appointed by Josiah in 2 Chr.); Meshullam ("leader" sent by Ezra); Meshullam (who opposed Ezra's policy of divorce); Meshullam (son of Bani); Meshullam (son of Berechiah); Meshullam (son of Besodeiah); Meshullam (who stood at Ezra's left hand during the reading of the Torah); Meshullam (priest who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Meshullam (chief of the people who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Meshullam (head of the priestly house of Ezra in Neh.); Meshullam (head of the priestly house of Ginnethon in Neh.); Meshullam (gatekeeper in Neh.); Meshullam (who was in the procession in Neh.);
Messiah – Eschatological Variety**; Common Themes**;
Mibsam – Mibsam (son of Ishmael); Mibsam (son of Shallum);
Mica – Mica (son of Mephibosheth); Mica (father of Mattaniah); Mica (Levite in the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Mica (father of Mattaniah and ancestor of Uzzi);
Micah – Micah (man in Judg.); Micah (son of Shimei); Micah (son of Meribbaal); Micah (son of Uzziel); Micah (father of Abdon); Micah of Moresheth;
Micah, Book of or
Book of Micah – Content**; Criticial Considerations**;
Micaiah or
Maacah or
Micah – Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (son of Imlah)**; Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (father of Achibor); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (wife of Rehoboam); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (official sent to teach Judah in 2 Chr.); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (ancestor of Zechariah)*; Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (trumpeting priest in Neh.); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (son of Gemeriah);
Michael – Michael (father of Sethur); Michael (Gadite in 1 Chr.); Michael (ancestor of Abihail); Michael (Levite ancestor of Asaph); Michael (descendant of Uzzi); Michael (of the sons of Beraiah); Michael (who joined David at Ziklag); Michael (father of Omri); Michael (son of Jehoshaphat); Michael (father of Zebediah); Michael (archangel);
Migdol – Migdol (town on the route of the Exodus); Migdol (town in Egypt in Jer.); Migdol (place in north Egypt);
Mijamin – Mijamin (leader of the sixth division of priest at the time of David); Mijamin (divorcing Israelite in Ezra); Mijamin (priest at the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Mijamin (chief of priests returning from exile in Neh.);
Mikloth – Mikloth (father of Shimeah in 1 Chr.); Mikloth (chief officer under Dodai the Ahohite);
Milcah – Milcah (daughter of Haran); Milcah (daughter of Zelophehad);
Millo – Millo (fortification or construction in Jerusalem at an unknown location)*; Millo (construction of Solomon)*; House of the Millo; Beth-millo;
Miniamin – Miniamin (Levite of 2 Chr.); Miniamin (priestly house in Neh.); Miniamin (priest and musician in Neh.);
Miriam – Miriam (prophetess of Exodus)**; Miriam (descendant of Ezrah in 1 Chr.);
Mishael – Mishael (son of Uzziel); Mishael (who stood at Ezra's left hand at the reading of the Torah); Mishael (alternate name of Meshach, companion of Daniel)*;
Mishma – Mishma (son of Ishmael); Mishma (son of Mibsam);
Mithredath or
Mithridates – Mithredath or Mithridates (treasure of King Cyrus of Persia); Mithredath or Mithridates (Persian official who opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem);
Mizpah or
Mizpeh – Mizpah of Gilead; Mizpah or Mizpeh (land or valley of Mizpah); Mizpeh of Judah; Mizpeh of Moab; Mizpah of Benjamin**;
Monotheism – Ancient Near East**; Ancient Israel*; New Testament*;
Mordecai – Mordecai (character in the Book of Esther)*; Mordecai (returning Israelite);
Moreh – Moreh (terebinth or oak tree near Shechem); Moreh (hill in the Jezreel Valley);
Mughara, Wadi el- or
Wadi el-Mughara – Mughara, Wadi el- or Wadi el-Mughara (on the western side of Mt. Carmel)*; Mughara, Wadi el- or Wadi el-Mughara (in the southwestern Sinai)*;
Music or
Musical instruments – Old Testament - bĕkōl ‘ăsê bĕrôšîm*; hālîl*; hăsōsĕrâ*; kinnôr*; mĕna‘an‘îm*; mĕsiltayim or selsĕlim*; nēbel or nēbel ‘āśôr*; pa‘ămôn*; šôpār*; qeren hayyôbēl*; tōp*; ‘ûgāb*; Daniel*; Collective terms*; Superscriptions to the Psalms*;
N
Naamah (person) – Naamah (daughter of Lamech); Naamah (wife of Solomon);
Naaman – Naaman (son of Benjamin); Naaman (son of Bela); Naaman (son of Ehud); Naaman (commander of the Aramean army in 2 Kgs.);
Nadab – Nadab (son of Aaron); Nadab (son of Jeroboam I); Nadab (son of Shammai); Nadab (son of Jeiel); Nadab (relative of Ahiqar);
Nag Hammadi – Discovery of the Codices*; Contents**; Significance for Ancient Religion and Philosophy**; Significance for the NT and Early Christian Literature**;
Nahash – Nahash (king of Ammon)*; Nahash (sister of Zeruiah);
Nahath – Nahath (son of Reuel); Nahath (descendant of Levi); Nahath (assistant of Hezekiah);
Nahor (person) – Nahor (son of Serug); Nahor (son of Terah);
Nahum – Nahum (1 of the 12 minor prophets); Nahum (father of Amos);
Names and
Naming – Types of Names*; Name-givers**;
Nathan – Nathan (son of David)*; Nathan (prophet at the time of David)**; Nathan (father of Igal); Nathan (father of Azariah); Nathan (son of Attai); Nathan (sent by Ezra to Iddo);
Nathanael – Nathanael (ancestor of Judith); Nathanael (priest in 1 Esd.); Nathanael (Israelite in the Gospel of John);
Neariah – Neariah (sonof Shemaiah); Neariah (son of Ishi);
Nebo (place) – Nebo (town allotted to Reuben); Nebo (town in western Palestine settled in postexilic period);
Nehemiah – Nehemiah (a leader of the return); Nehemiah (son of Hacaliah); Nehemiah (son of Azbuk);
Nehemiah, Book of or
Book of Nehemiah – Name and Canonical Setting*; Authorship*; Date and Place of Composition*; Sources**; The Order of the Reformers**; Nehemiah, the Person**;
Nekoda – Nekoda (head of returning family of temple servants); Nekoda (head of returning family unable to prove their Israelite ancestry);
Nemuel – Nemuel (brother of Dathan); Nemuel (ancestor of the Nemuelites);
Nepheg – Nepheg (son of Izhar); Nepheg (son of David);
Nethanel – Nethanel (son of Zuar); Nethanel (son of Jesse); Nethanel (one of seven trumpeting priests in 1 Chr.); Nethanel (father of Shemaiah); Nethanel (son of Obed-edom); Nethanel (officer of Jehoshaphat sent to Judah to teach); Nethanel (brother of Shemaiah); Nethanel (of the family of Pashhur); Nethanel (head of the family of Jedaiah); Nethanel (Levite singer at the dedication in Neh.);
Nethaniah – Nethaniah (father of Ishmael); Nethaniah (Levite of the line of Asaph in 1 Chr.); Nethaniah (Levite sent to Judah by Jehoshaphat); Nethaniah (father of Jehudi);
Nicanor – Nicanor (a commander sent by Lysius to Judah Maccabeus); Nicanor (one of seven overseers of food distribution in Acts);
Noadiah – Noadiah (son of Binnui); Noadiah (prophetess in Neh.);
Noah – Name*; Genealogy*; The Story of Noah**; Significance*; Later References*;
Nobah (place) – Nobah (region in Gilead); Nobah (city in eastern Gilead);
Numbers, Book of or
Book of Numbers – Name*; Structure*; Composition**; Historical Value*; Theological Themes**;
Numbers, Book of or
Book of Numbers – Theological Themes – Holiness*; Forgiveness*; Providence*;
O
Obadiah – Obadiah (steward of King Ahab's household)*; Obadiah (postexilic descendant of David); Obadiah (son of Izariah); Obadiah (son of Azel); Obadiah (Levite among the first returners to Jerusalem); Obadiah (Gadite who joined David at Ziklag); Obadiah (father of Ishmaiah); Obadiah (prince commissioned to teach in Judah); Obadiah (Merarite Levite of 2 Chr.); Obadiah (head of family of returners in Ezra); Obadiah (leader who sealed covenant of Neh.); Obadiah (gatekeeper in Neh.); Obadiah (Obadiah the prophet);
Obadiah, Book of or
Book of Obadiah – Text*; Style*; Composition*; Biblical Parallels*; Date and Historical Setting*; Structure and Genre*; Contents*;
Obed – Obed (son of Ruth); Obed (son of Ephlal); Obed (one of David's mighty men); Obed (son of Shemaiah); Obed (father of Azariah); Obed (son of Jonathan);
Obed-edom – Obed-edom (Gidite whose house David put the Ark in); Obed-edom (son of Jeduthun); Obed-edom (son of Korah); Obed-edom (custodian of temple treasures in 2 Chr.);
Oded – Oded (father of Azariah); Oded (prophet of Samaria in 2 Chr.);
Oholibamah – Oholibamah (wife of Esau); Oholibamah (chief of an Edomite clan);
Omer – Omer (unit of dry measure); Omer (sheaf of grain);
Omri – Omri (founder of Omride dynasty)**; Omri (son of Becher); Omri (Jerusalemite of 1 Chr.); Omri (Issacharite tribal leader of 1 Chr.);
Onam – Onam (Son of Shobal); Onam (son of Jerahmeel);
Palestine, Land or or
Land of Palestine – Physical Description – Coastal Plain**; Central Range**; “Rift” Valley**; Transjordan**;
Palestine, Land of or
Land of Palestine – Physical Description – Coastal Plain – Pheonicia**; Sharon Plain**; Philistia**;
Palestine, Land of or
Land of Palestine – Physical Description – Central Range – Lebanon*; Galilee*; Jezreel*; Samaria**; Jerusalem*; Mt. Judah*; Shephelah*; Wilderness of Judah*; Negeb**;
Palestine, Land of or
Land of Palestine – Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Beqa‘*; Mt. Hermon*; Hûleh Valley**; Sea of Galilee*; Jordan River*; Dead Sea*; Southern Arabah*; Reed Sea*;
Palestine, Land of or
Land of Palestine – Physical Description – Transjordan – Bashan*; Gilead*; Ammon*; Moab*; Edom*;
Palti or
Paltiel – Palti or Paltiel (son of Raphu); Palti or Paltiel (son of Laish);
Parosh – Parosh (Israelite ancestor of returners); Parosh (chief who sealed the covenant of Neh.);
Paseah – Paseah (priest and son of Malchiah); Paseah (head of priestly family of returners); Paseah (postexilic priest who attached his name to the covenant of Neh.); Paseah (son of Immer); Paseah (son of Malchiah);
Patriarchs – History and Genre*; Literary Considerations*; Theological Significance*;
Paul – Sources*; “Pre-Christian” Period**; Apostleship**; Later Writer**; Chronology*; Theologizer**;
Pedaiah – Pedaiah (maternal grandfather of Jehoiakim); Pedaiah (son of Jeconiah); Pedaiah (father of Joel); Pedaiah (son of Parosh); Pedaiah (man who stood at Ezra's left hand at the reading of the Law); Pedaiah (Benjaminite in Jerusalem in Neh.); Pedaiah (Levite appointed to administer tithes);
Pelaiah – Pelaiah (son of Elioenai); Pelaiah (Levite who interpreted the Law in Neh.);
Pelatiah – Pelatiah (son of Hananiah); Pelatiah (son of Jahi); Pelatiah (signer of the covenant of Neh.); Pelatiah (son of Benaiah);
Pelet – Pelet (son of Jahdai); Pelet (son of Azmaveth);
Pentateuch – Textual Transmission**; Literary Sources**; Unity and Diversity*;
Penuel – Penuel (son of Hur); Penuel (son of Shashak);
Persia – History – Early period**; Persian Empire**; Post-Achaemenid Persia**;
Peter, First Letter of or
First Letter of Peter – Recipients*; Author*; Purpose*; Form and Structure**; Theology*;
Peter, Second Letter of or
Second Letter of Peter – Literary Structure**; Literary Relationships**; The Opponents**; Theological Character*; Date*; Authorship and Pseudonymity**;
Pethahiah – Pethahiah (leader of the nineteenth priestly division at the time of David); Pethahiah (divorcing Levite of the time of Ezra); Pethahiah (Levite in the corporate confession of sins of Ezra); Pethahiah (son of Meshezabel);
Philadelphia – Philadelphia (city in the Roman province of Asia)**; Philadelphia (of the Decapolis, now Amman);
Philip – Philip II of Macedon; Philip V of Macedon; Philip the Phrygian (governor of Jerusalem); Philip the Tetrarch; Herod (Philip?), son of Herod and Mariamme II; Philip the Apostle**;
Phinehas – Phinehas (son of Eleazar); Phinehas (son of Eli); Phinehas (father of a postexilic priest in Ezra);
Phoenicia – People and Language*; Religion**; Society and Its Values*;
Phoenicia – Religion – Gods**; Temple**; Temple Personnel*; Daily Sacred Liturgy*; Sacrifice*; Child Sacrifice**; Death and the Underworld*;
Pottery – Ceramic Types – Pottery Neolithic Period (ca. 6000-4000 B.C.E.)*; Chalcolithic Period (ca. 4000-3300)*; Early Bronze Age (ca. 3300-2000)*; Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000-1500)*; Late Bronze Age (ca. 1500-1200)*; Iron Age (ca. 1200-586)*; Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine Periods (ca. 586 B.C.E.-640 C.E.)*;
Proverbs, Book of or
Book of Proverbs – The Individual Sections – 1:1-7*; 1:8-9:18*; 10:1-22:16*; 22:17-24:22*; 24:23-24*; 25:1-29:27*; 30:1-31:31*;
Ptolemy – Ptolemy I Soter; Ptolemy II Philadelphus; Ptolemy III Euregetes I; Ptolemy IV Philopator; Ptolemy V Theos Epiphanes; Ptolemy VI Philometor; Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator; Ptolemy VIII Euregetes II; Ptolemy IX Soter II; Ptolemy X Alexander I; Ptolemy XI Alexander II; Ptolemy XII Neo Dionysys; Ptolemy XIII; Ptolemy XIV; Ptolemy XV Caesar; Ptolemy (son of Dositheus); Ptolemy (son of Abubus); Ptolemy Marcon;
Puah – Puah (midwife of Exodus); Puah (father of Tola); Puah (descendant of Issachar);
R
Rabbah – Rabbah (city of Judah); Rabbah (modern Amman)**;
Raguel – Raguel (father of Sarah); Raguel (archangel);
Rahab – Rahab (prostitute in Josh.)*; Rahab (mother of Salmon); Rahab (dragon defeated by Yahweh in Job)*; Rahab (poetic name for Egypt);
Ram (person) – Ram (son of Hezron); Ram (son of Jerahmeel); Ram (ancestor of Elihu);
Ramah – Ramah (town allotted to Benjamin); Ramah (Ramah of the Negeb); Ramah (village near the border of Asher); Ramah (fortified city of Naphtali); Ramah (hometown of Samuel); Ramah (shortened form of name of Ramoth-gilead);
Ramoth – Ramoth (Ramoth in Gilead); Ramoth (Ramoth of the Negeb); Ramoth (levitical city in the tribal territory of Issachar);
Reaiah or
Haroeh – Reaiah or Haroeh (son of Shobal); Reaiah or Haroeh (son of Micah); Reaiah or Haroeh (temple servant, ancestor of returners);
Rechab – Rechab (son of Rimmon); Rechab (father of Jehonadab); Rechab (father of Malchijah);
Rehob (person) – Rehob (father of Hadadezer); Rehob (Levite who sealed the covenant of Neh.);
Rehob (place) – Rehob (place in extreme northern Canaan); Rehob (town allotted to Asher); Rehob (another town allotted to Asher); Rehob (principal city of the Beth-shean Valley);
Rehoboth – Rehoboth (well dug in Gesar in Genesis); Rehoboth ha-Nahar;
Rehum – Rehum (leader who accompanied Zerubbabel back to Judea); Rehum (Persian officer who wrote a letter to Xerxes); Rehum (son of Bani); Rehum (leader who signed a long petition in Neh.); Rehum (priest and Levite returner);
Rekem (person) – Rekem (one of five kings of Midian); Rekem (son of Hebron); Rekem (grandson of Machir);
Rephaiah or
Raphah – Rephaiah or Raphah (descendant of Zerubbabel); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Ishi); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Tola); Rephaiah or Raphah (descendant of Saul); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Hur);
Resurrection – Old Testament*; Intertestamental Literature*; New Testament**;
Reuel – Reuel (son of Keturah); Reuel (son of Esau); Reuel (father of Hobab); Reuel (father of Eliasaph); Reuel (son of Ibnijah);
Revelation – Old Testament*; Postbiblical Jewish literature**; New Testament*;
Revelation, Book of or
Book of Revelation – Genre*; Authorship**; Date*; Purpose and Setting*; Sources and Integrity*; Structure**;
Rezin – Rezin (last king of Aram before the fall to the Assyrians)*; Rezin (family in Ezra);
Rimmon (place) – Rimmon (city of En-rimmon); Rimmon (levitical city assigned to the Merarites); Rimmon (outcropping of rocks to which Benjaminites fled in Judg.);
Romans, Letter to the or
Letter to the Romans – Author, Date, Place*; Text*; Circumstances and Purposes**; Genre and Other Proposals*; Outline**; Reading Romans*;
Rome – Environment*; Origins to the End of the Monarchy (753-509 B.C.E.)**; Republic (509-27 B.C.E.)**; Empire (27 B.C.E.-476 C.E.)**;
Rufus – Rufus (son of Simon the Cyrene); Rufus (greeted by Paul in Rom. 16:13);
S
Sachar – Sachar (father of Ahiham); Sachar (son of Obed-edom);
Samuel, Books of or
Books of Samuel – Contents and Plot*; Text*; Authorship*; Succession Narrative*; Historical Reliability and Genre**; New Literary Criticism*; Canonical Shaping*; Post-Colonial Interpretation; Feminist, Racialist, Sexual Orientation Criticism*; Message**;
Sarah – Sarah (wife of Abram)**; Sara (daughter of Raguel);
Segub – Segub (son of Hezron); Segub (son of Hiel);
Seir (place) – Seir (plateau in Edom); Seir (mountain on the northern border of Judah);
Sela – Sela (site on the Amorite border); Sela (Edomite settlement conquered by Amaziah of Judah); Sela (place mentioned in Isa. 16:1); Sela (place named in Isa. 42:11);
Seleucus – Seleucus I Nicator*; Seleucus II Callinicus*; Seleucus III*; Seleucus IV Philopator*;
Seraiah or
Azariah or
Shavsha or
Sheva or
Shisha - Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (royal secretary under David); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (chief priest of the temple in 587/586 BCE); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Tanhumeth); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Kenaz); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Asiel); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (returner from exile); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (a priest who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (postexilic priest in Neh. 11:11); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (one of the “chiefs of the priest” in Neh. 12:1); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (official of King Jehoiakim); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Neriah);
Servant of the Lord – Second Isaiah**; Second Temple Judaism*; New Testament*;
Settlement: Archaeology – Conventional Models**; New Models**; Toward a Theological Rationalization?*;
Shaaph – Shaaph (son of Jahdai); Shaaph (son of Maacah);
Shaaraim – Shaaraim (town in the Shephelah lowland)*; Shaaraim (Negeb town in the allotment of Simeon)*;
Shallum or
Meshullam or
Shillem – Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (King who overthrew Zechariah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (husband of Huldah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (descendant of Judah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Josiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (descendant of Simeon); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Zadok); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Naphtali); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (returner and gatekeeper); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (father of Jehizkiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (divorcing levitical gatekeeper); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (of the sons of Bannui); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Hallohesh); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Col-hozeh); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (father of Maaseiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (uncle of Jeremiah);
Shamir (place) – Shamir (town of Judah); Shamir (town in Ephraim);
Shammah or
Shimea or
Shimeah or
Shimel or
Shammoth - Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (descendant of Esau); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (son of Jesse); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (of David's Mighty Men); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (Shammah of Harod);
Shammai – Shammai (son of Onam); Shammai (son of Rekem); Shammai (son of Mered);
Shammua or
Shemaiah or
Shimea – Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (son of Zaccur); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (son of David); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (father of Abda); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (head of family of Bilgah in Neh.);
Shaphan – Shaphan (son of Aziliah); Shaphan (father of Jaazaniah);
Shaphat – Shaphat (son of Hori); Shaphat (father of Elisha); Shaphat (son of Shemaiah); Shaphat (son of Abihail); Shaphat (son of Adlai);
Sharezer – Sharezer (son of Sennacherib); Sharezer (emissaries sent to Bethel in 518);
Shaul – Shaul (early Edomite king); Shaul (son of Simeon); Shaul (son of Uzziah);
Sheba (person) – Sheba (son of Raamah); Sheba (son of Joktan); Sheba (son of Jokshan); Sheba (son of Bichri); Sheba (descendant of Gad);
Sheba (place) – Sheba (town in Josh. 19:2-6); Sheba (country of Arabia);
Shebaniah – Shebaniah (trumpet blowing priest in 1 Chr.); Shebaniah (leader in praise and confession in Neh.); Shebaniah (postexilic priestly house led by Joseph at the time of Joiakim); Shebaniah (a Levite signer of the covenant in Neh.); Shebaniah (another Levite signer of the covenant in Neh.);
Shebuel or
Shubael – Shebuel or Shubael (Levite of the sons of Gershom); Shebuel or Shubael (son of Heman);
Shecaniah – Shecaniah (father of Shemaiah); Shecaniah (priest, head of the 10th division in 1 Chr.); Shecaniah (Levite under Hezekiah in 1 Chr.); Shecaniah (son of Jahaziel); Shecaniah (son of Jehiel); Shecaniah (father of Shmaiah, gatekeeper in Neh.); Shecaniah (son of Arah); Shecaniah (returning priest in Neh.);
Shechem (person) – Shechem (son of Hamor); Shechem (descendant of Manasseh); Shechem (son of Shemida);
Shelah – Shelah (son of Arpachshad or Arphaxad); Shelah (son of Judah the patriarch);
Shelemiah – Shelemiah (grandson of Asaph): Shelemiah (descandant of Bahi who married a foreign woman): Shelemiah (another descendant of Bani who married a foreign woman): Shelemiah (father of Hananiah): Shelemiah (priest Nehemiah put in charge of the temple storerooms): Shelemiah (son of Cushi): Shelemiah (man sent by Jehoiakim to arrest Baruch and Jeremiah): Shelemiah (father of Jehucal or Jucal): Shelemiah (son of Hananiah in Jer.):
Shelomith – Shelomith (daughter of Dibri); Shelomith (daughter of Zerubbabel); Shelomith (son of Shimei); Shelomith (son of Izhar); Shelomith (child of Rehabeam); Shelomith (son of Josiphiah);
Shelomoth – Shelomoth (son of Shimei); Shelomoth (son of Izhar); Shelomoth (sonof Zichri);
Shema (person) – Shema (son of Hebron); Shema (son of Joel); Shema (son of Elpaal); Shema (lay leader who stood at Ezra's right hand at the reading of the Law);
Shemaiah or
Shammua – Shemaiah or Shammua (Judean prophet after the death of Solomon); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Shechaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of the tribe of Reuben); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Hasshub); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Obadiah); Shemaiah or Shammua (descendant of Elizaphan); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Nethanel); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Obed-edom); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite sent by Jehoshaphat to teach in Judah); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Jeduthun); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite of the time of Hezekiah who helped distribute freewill offering and gifts in 2 Chr.); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of the Levites who helped contribute 5000 sheep and goats to an offering in 2 Chr.); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Adonikam); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of those who returned from exile); Shemaiah or Shammua (priest of the family of Harim in Ezra); Shemaiah or Shammua (Israelite from the family of Harim in Ezra); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Shecaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Delaiah); Shemaiah or Shammua (a priest who signed the binding agreement with Nehemiah and the leaders of the nation); Shemaiah or Shammua (leader of Judah who participated in the dedication of the walls in Neh.); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Mattaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite musician at the dedication of the walls in Neh.); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite who accompanied Nehemiah in the procession at the dedication of the walls); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Uriah); Shemaiah or Shammua (false prophet in Jer.); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Delaiah);
Shemariah – Shemariah (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Shemariah (son of Rehoboam); Shemariah (divorcing Israelite of the sons of Harim); Shemariah (divorcing son of Binnui);
Shemer or
Shomer – Shemer or Shomer (owner of a hill Omri purchased in 1 Kgs.); Shemer or Shomer (son of Mahli); Shemer or Shomer (Asherite in 1 Chr.);
Shemiramoth – Shemiramoth (harp player in 1 Chr.); Shemiramoth (Levite sent by Jehosphaphat to Judah);
Shemuel – Shemuel (representative of Simeon in the division of Canaan in Num.); Shemuel (son of Tola);
Shephatiah – Shephatiah (son of David); Shephatiah (anchestor of returning Benjaminite exiles); Shephatiah (Haruphite of the tribe of Benjamin in 1 Chr.); Shephatiah (son of Maacah); Shephatiah (son of Jehosphaphat); Shephatiah (ancestor of two groups of returning exiles); Shephatiah (servant of Solomon and ancestor of returners); Shephatiah (Judahite ancestor of Jerusalemites after the Exile); Shephatiah (prince of Judah in Jer.);
Sherebiah – Sherebiah (“man of discretion” in Ezra); Sherebiah (Levite interpreter of the Book in Ezra); Sherebiah (Levite who sealed the covenant in Neh.); Sherebiah (chief of returning Levites);
Sheth – Sheth (Hebrew spelling of Seth); Sheth (“sons of Sheth”);
Sheva or
Seraiah or
Shavsha or
Shisha – Sheva or Seraiah or Shavsha or Shisha (David's secretary); Sheva or Seraiah or Shavsha or Shisha (son of Caleb);
Shilonite – Shilonite (designation of the prophet Ahijah); Shilonite (gentilic designating a family of returnees);
Shimea or
Shammah or
Shammua or
Shimeah or
Shimei - Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (son of Jesse); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (son of David); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (Levite of the house of Merari); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (father of Berechiah);
Shimeah or
Shimea or
Shimeam – Shimeah or Shimea or Shimeam (son of Jesse); Shimeah or Shimea or Shimeam (son of Mikloth);
Shimei – Shimei (son of Gershon); Shimei (son of Gera); Shimei (son of Jesse); Shimei (leader of David's time who did not support the usurpation of Adonijah in 1 Kgs.); Shimei (son of Ella); Shimei (brother of Zerubbabel); Shimei (descendant of Mishma); Shimei (son of Gog); Shimei (Levite descendant of Merari); Shimei (son of Jahath); Shimei (Benjaminite in 1 Chr., probably an error for Shema); Shimei (one of six sons of Jeduthun); Shimei (Ramathite appointed by David over the royal vineyards); Shimei (Levite descendant of Heman); Shimei (brother of Conaniah); Shimei (Levite who sent away his non-Israelite wife and children in Ezra); Shimei (descendant of Hashum); Shimei (descendant of Binnui); Shimei (descendant of Kish);
Shimri – Shimri (son of Shemaiah); Shimri (father of Jediael); Shimri (son of Hosah); Shimri (descendant of Elizaphan);
Shittim - Shittim (last campsite of the Israelites before crossing the Jordan); Shittim (valley of Shittim);
Shobab – Shobab (son of Caleb); Shobab (son of David);
Shobal – Shobal (son of Seir); Shobal (son of Hur);
Shomer or
Shemer or
Shimruth – Shomer or Shemer or Shimruth (mother of Jehozabad); Shomer or Shemer or Shimruth (of the sons of Heber);
Shua – Shua (father of Judah's Canaanite wife); Shua (daughter of Heber);
Shuppim – Shuppim (son of Ir); Shuppim (levitical gatekeeper in 1 Chr.);
Shuthelah – Shutehelah (son of Ephraim); Shutehelah (son of Zabad);
Simeon – Simeon (son of Jacob)*; Simeon (great-grandfather of Judas Maccabeus); Simeon (Simon Maccabeus); Simeon (who prayed Nunc Dimittis in Luke)*; Simeon (ancestor of Jesus); Simeon (a prophet and teacher of the church at Antioch); Simeon (Hebrew equivalent of Simon);
Simon – Simon (high priest Simon the Just); Simon (Simon II, high priest); Simon (Simon the Benjaminite); Simon (Simon Thassi); Simon (Simon Chosamaeus); Simon (Simon Peter); Simon (Simon the Zealot); Simon (Simon, half brother of Jesus); Simon (Simon the Leper); Simon (father of Judas Iscariot); Simon (Simon of Cyrene); Simon (Simon the Pharisee in Luke); Simon (Simon Magus); Simon (Simon the Tanner in Acts); Simon (Simon bar Kosiba);
Sisera – Sisera (commander of Canaanite forces in Judgs.)*; Sisera (of the “sons of Sisera”);
Soco or
Socoh (place) – Soco or Socoh (city of the Shephaleh)*; Soco or Socoh (town of the hill country of Judah)*; Soco or Socoh (town listed as the center of Solomon's third administrative district)*;
Solomon – Kings**; Chronicles**; Early Interpreters*; History**;
Sosipater – Sosipater (captain under Judas Maccabeus); Sosipater (Jewish Christian in Rom.);
Sothenes – Sothenes (ruler of a synagogue in Corinth in Acts); Sothenes (called by Paul “our brother” in 1 Cor.);
Succoth – Succoth (first encampment of the Israelites on leaving Egypt); Succoth (place on the east side of the Jordan Valley);
Sur – Sur (an inner gate of Solomon's temple in 2 Kgs.)*; Sur (town on the Mediterranean coast in Jdt.);
Susanna – Susanna (of the apocryphal work of that name); Susanna (woman who supported the work of Jesus in Luke);
Symeon – Symeon (prophet and teacher of the church of Antioch in Acts); Symeon (another name for Simon Peter);
T
Tabeel – Tabeel (Samaritan official in Ezra); Tabeel (father of person whom the Syro-Ephraimite coalition planned to place on the throne of Judah)*;
Tabor – Tabor (Mount Tabor)**; Tabor (Oak of Tabor); Tabor (levitical city assigned to the Merarites);
Tahath (person) – Tahath (ancestor of Samuel); Tahath (son of Bered); Tahath (son of Eleadah);
Talmai – Talmai (one of the Anakim); Talmai (king of Geshur);
Tamar (person) – Tamar (daugher-in-law of Judah)*; Tamar (daughter of David); Tamar (daughter of Absalom)*;
Tamar (place) – Tamar (city “in the wilderness” in 1 Kgs.); Tamar (site marking the southeastern border of the restored, ideal Israel in Ezek.)*;
Tappuah – Tappuah (town in the northern Shephelah); Tappuah (town, also called En-tappuah, on the northern border of Ephraim); Tappuah (town in the territory of Tizrah);
Tarshish (person) – Tarshish (descendant of Javan in the Table of Nations); Tarshish (son of Bilhan); Tarshish (official of Persia or Media in Esth.)*;
Text of the Old Testament – Ancient Manuscripts – Qumran and Judean Desert – Qumran*; Judean Desert*;
Text of the Old Testament – Ancient Versions – Greek Versions*; Latin Versions*; Targums*; Samaritan Pentateuch*;
Text of the New Testament – History of the Discipline**; The State of the Text**; Methods of Textual Criticism**; The Text at the End of the Twentieth Century*;
Text of the New Testament – Methods of Textual Criticism – External Evidence**; Internal Evidence**; Intrinsic Probabilities*;
Text of the New Testament – Methods of Textual Criticism – External Evidence – Number of Supporting Witnesses*; Age of Supporting Witnesses*; Geographical Diversity of the Witnesses*; “Quality” of the Supporting Witnesses*;
Text of the New Testament – Methods of Textual Criticism – Internal Evidence – Transcriptional Probabilities*;
Tobiah - Tobiah (head of a family of returners); Tobiah (an opposer of Nehemiah's journey to Jerusalem);
Tobias – Tobias (son of Tobit); Tobias (landowner of the Maccabean period);
Tobijah – Tobijah (Levite sent by Jehosphaphat to Judea); Tobijah (descendant of Tobiah unable to authenticate his Israelite origin); Tobijah (repatriate from whom Zechariah was to collect gold and silver);
Tobit, Book of or
Book of Tobit – Story**; Literary Antecedents**; Date, Language, and Versions*; Themes**; Later Use of Tobit*;
Tola – Tola (son of Issachar); Tola (son of Puah);
Trade and commerce – Antiquity and Varieties of Trade**; Commercilization**;
Travel or
Transportation – Modes of Travel**; Rate of Travel**; Traveling Conditions*; Transportation**;
Ulam – Ulam (son of Sheresh); Ulam (son of Eshek);
Unni – Unni (levitical musician of 1 Chr.); Unni (returning Levite);
Uri – Uri (father of Bezalel); Uri (father of Geber); Uri (poxtexilic gatekeeper of Ezra);
Uriah – Uriah the Hittite*; Uriah (high priest under Ahaz); Uriah (prophet of the time of Jeremiah); Uriah (father of Meremoth); Uriah (who stood with Ezra at the reading of the Law);
Uriel – Uriel (chief of the Kohathite Levites in 1 Chr.); Uriel (resident of Gibeah in 2 Chr.); Uriel (archangel);
Uthai – Uthai (son of Ammihud); Uthai (returning head of the family of Bigvai);
Uz (person) – Uz (son of Aram); Uz (son of Milcah); Uz (son or descendant of Dishan);
Uzza (person) – Uzza (son of Gera); Uzza (ancestor of returning temple servants);
Uzzah – Uzzah (son of Abinadab); Uzzah (Levite of the family of Merari);
Uzzi – Uzzi (son of Bukki); Uzzi (son of Tola); Uzzi (son of Bela); Uzzi (father of Elah); Uzzi (son of Bani); Uzzi (head of Jedaiah's priestly lineage at the time of Joiakim); Uzzi (priest involved in the dedication of the walls in Neh.);
Uzziah – Uzziah (King of Judah)**; Uzziah (levitical priest in 1 Chr.); Uzziah (father of Jonathan); Uzziah (returning levitical priest, descendant of Harim); Uzziah (one of the 468 inhabitants of Perez who moved to Jerusalem); Uzziah (chief elder in the city of Bethulia);
Uzziel – Uzziel (son of Kohath); Uzziel (son of Ishi); Uzziel (son of Bela); Uzziel (son of Heman); Uzziel (son of Jeduthun); Uzziel (son of Harhaiah);
W
Walls – Wall types**; Evolution of City Walls**; Biblical References*;
Water – Physical Aspects**; Theological Importance**;
Water – Theological Importance – Cosmology*; Ritual**; Holy Spirit**;
Weights and measures – Linear**; Weights**; Area*; Dry capacity*; Liquid capacity*; Weights and measures in the Bible**;
Wisdom and
Wisdom literature – Wisdom Books*; Characteristics*; Ancient Setting**; Religious Values**;
Writing – Biblical Scripts**; List of Scripts of the Bible, the ancient versions and their antecedents**; Postbiblical scripts**; Prebiblical writing**;
Zabad or
Jozacar – Zabad or Jozacar (son of Nathan); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Tahath); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Ahlai); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Shimeath the Ammonite); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Zattu); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Hattum); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Nebo);
Zabbai – Zabbai (Israelite who had taken a foreign wife in Ezra); Zabbai (father of Baruch);
Zabdi or
Zichri or
Zimri – Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (ancestor of Achan); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (son of Shimei); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (Sphiphmite steward of David's wine cellar); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (son of Asaph);
Zabdiel – Zabdiel (father of Jashobeam); Zabdiel (son of Heggedolim); Zabdiel (Arab who decapitated Alexander Balas);
Zacchaeus – Zacchaeus (officer in the Maccabean army); Zacchaeus (tax official who climbed a tree to get a glimpse of Jesus)*;
Zaccur – Zaccur (father of Shammua); Zaccur (son of Hammuel); Zaccur (Levite of the Merarite line); Zaccur (son of Asaph); Zaccur (descendant of Bigvai); Zaccur (son of Imri); Zaccur (Levite who placed a seal on the new covenant of Neh.); Zaccur (father of Hanan);
Zadok – Zadok (high priest under David)**; Zadok (father of Jerusha); Zadok (son of Baana); Zadok (son of Immer); Zadok (a “leader of the people” who placed a seal on the covenant in Neh.); Zadok (scribe appointed by Nehemiah as a treasurer); Zadok (father of Achim);
Zalmon (place) – Zalmon (mountain in the vicinity of Shechem); Zalmon (mountain mentioned in Ps. 68:14);
Zanoah (place) – Zanoah (town in the northeastern Shephelah)*; Zanoah (town in the eastern hill country of Judah)*;
Zebediah – Zebediah (son of Beriah); Zebediah (son of Elpaal); Zebediah (son of Jeroham); Zebediah (son of Meshelemiah); Zebediah (son of Asahel); Zebediah (Levite sent by Jehoshaphat to Judah); Zebediah (son of Ishmael); Zebediah (son of Michael); Zebediah (descendant of the family of Immer);
Zeboim – Zeboim (valley in Benjamin); Zeboim (town occupied by the Benjaminites);
Zechariah – Zechariah (son of Jeroboam II); Zechariah (father of Abi); Zechariah (head of a family of Reubenites); Zechariah (gatekeeper of the time of David); Zechariah (brother of Ner); Zechariah (musician of the time of David); Zechariah (priestly trumpeter of 1 Chr.); Zechariah (son of Isshiah); Zechariah (son of Hosah the Merarite); Zechariah (father of Iddo); Zechariah (official of Jehoshaphat sent to teach in Judah); Zechariah (father of Jahaziel); Zechariah (son of Jehoshaphat); Zechariah (son of Jehoiada); Zechariah (instructor of Uzziah in 2 Chr.); Zechariah (levitical descendant of Asaph of 2 Chr.); Zechariah (levitical descendant of Kohath of 2 Chr.); Zechariah (priest who contributed animals for sacrifice in 2 Chr./1 Esdr.); Zechariah (head of the family of Parosh); Zechariah (head of the family of Bebai); Zechariah (leader of the Jewish exiles in Ezra); Zechariah (Judean who married a foreign wife in Ezra); Zechariah (leader who stood on the platform with Ezra during the reading of the Law); Zechariah (descendant of Perez); Zechariah (ancestor of Maaseiah); Zechariah (ancestor of Adaiah); Zechariah (priestly trumpeter in Neh.); Zechariah (son of Jeberechiah); Zechariah (prophet of the Book of Zechariah); Zechariah (father of Joseph); Zechariah (alternate name for Heman in 1 Esdr.); Zechariah (father of John the Baptist);
Zechariah, Book of or
Book of Zechariah – Zechariah 1-8 - Message – 1:7-6:15 – 1:7-17*; 1:18-21 (MT 2:1-4)*; 2:1-5 (2:5-9)*; 2:6-13 (2:10-17)*; 3:1-10*; 4:1-14*; 5:1-4*; 5:5-11*; 6:1-8*; 6:9-15*;
Zechariah, Book of or
Book of Zechariah – Zechariah 9-14 – Date and Historical Setting**; Author*; Message**;
Zechariah, Book of or
Book of Zechariah – Zechariah 9-14 – Message – 9:1-17*; 10:1-12*; 11:1-17*; 12:1-9*; 12:10-13:9*; 14:1-21*;
Zedekiah – Zedekiah (false prophet at the court of Ahab); Zedekiah (last king of Judah)**; Zedekiah (son of Josiah); Zedekiah (signer of the covenant of Neh.); Zedekiah (prophet Jeremiah accused of immoral conduct); Zedekiah (son of Hananiah); Zedekiah (ancestor of Baruch);
Zemaraim – Zemaraim (town in the tribal territory of Benjamin); Zemaraim (mountain in the hill country of Ephraim);
Zephaniah – Zephaniah (Kohathite Levite ancestor of Heman); Zephaniah (son of Cushi); Zephaniah (son of Maaseiah); Zephaniah (father of Josiah);
Zerah or
Zohar – Zerah or Zohar (son of Reuel); Zerah or Zohar (father of Jobab); Zerah or Zohar (son of Judah); Zerah or Zohar (son of Simeon); Zerah or Zohar (Levite descendant of Gershom in 1 Chr.); Zerah or Zohar (Kohathite Levite of 1 Chr.); Zerah or Zohar (Zerah the Cushite)*;
Zerahiah – Zerahiah (son of Uzzi); Zerahiah (man of the lineage of Pahath-moab);
Zeredah – Zeredah (place of residence of Jeroboam); Zeredah (place in the Jordan Valley);
Zibeon – Zibeon (father of Anah); Zibeon (son of Seir);
Zichri or
Zabdi – Zichri or Zabdi (son of Izhar); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Shimei); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Shashak); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Jeroham); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Asaph); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Shelomith); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Eliezer); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Amasiah); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Elishaphat); Zichri or Zabdi (warrior and Ephraimite of 2 Chr.); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Joel); Zichri or Zabdi (head of the priestly family of Abijah at the time of Joiakim);
Ziha – Ziha (head of a line of returning temple servants); Ziha (overseer of postexilic temple servants);
Zillethai – Zillethai (son of Shimei); Zillethai (Manassite leader who deserted David at Ziklag);
Zimri (person) – Zimri (son of Salu); Zimri (King of Israel); Zimri (son of Zerah); Zimri (father of Moza);
Ziph (person) – Ziph (descendant of Caleb); Ziph (son of Jehallel);
Ziph (place) – Ziph (town in the hill country of Judah); Ziph (town in the southern Negeb);
Ziza – Ziza (son of Shiphi); Ziza (son of Rehoboam);
Zohar – Zohar (father of Ephron the Hittite); Zohar (alternate name for Simeon's son Zerah); Zohar (alternate reading of Izhar son of Helah);
Zur – Zur (a king of Midian in Num.); Zur (son of Jeiel);
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible, Michael D. Coogan, editor in chief, Oxford University Press, 2011,
ISBN978-0-19-537737-8.
Major articles
2 pages or more
Acts*;
Acts of the Apostles* – Interpretation;
Amos* – Interpretation;
Andrew, Acts of or
Acts of Andrew*;
Apocalypses* – First Enoch; The First Christian Apocalypses; Cultural Contexts for the Apocalypses;
Apocrypha* – Old Testament; New Testament; New Testament – Extant Gospels;
Canon* - Hebrew Bible; Hebrew Bible – Process of Canonization; Old Testament; Old Testament – Religious History; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship; New Testament; New Testament – Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings; New Testament – Important Canonical Lists;
1 and 2 Chronicles* - Literary History; Literary Genre and Interpretation;
Clement, Letters of or
Letters of Clement*;
Colossians*;
1 Corinthians* – Interpretation; Interpretation – 7:1-16:12 Paul's Response to a letter from the Corinthian Church;
2 Corinthians* - Literary History; Interpretation;
Daniel and
Additions to Daniel* – Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Dead Sea Scrolls* - Description of Important Texts; Brief History of the Qumran Community; Significance; Significance – Early Christianity;
Deuteronomy* - Structure and Contents; Structure and Contents – Deuteronomy and the Covenant Code;
Didache*;
Ecclesiastes* – Structure and Contents;
1 Enoch* – The “Book of the Watchers” (1 Enoch 1-36); The History of Traditions about 1 Enoch;
Ephesians* – Authorship;
1 Esdras*;
2 Esdras* – Form and Function;
Esther and
Additions to Esther*;
Exodus* - Canonical Status and Location in the Canon; Authorship, Date, and Literary History; Historical Context; Interpretation;
Ezekiel* – Structure and Contents; Structure and Contents – II. Prophecies of Judgment; Interpretation;
Ezra and
Nehemiah* - Content and Structure; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”?;
Galatians*;
Genesis* – Structure and Contents; Dates of Composition, Historical Contexts, Literary History, and History in Genesis; History of Interpretation;
Gospels* - The Diversity of Gospels; The Literary Character of Gospels; The Literary Character of Gospels – Narrative Gospels; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels;
Ignatius, Letters of or
Letters of Ignatius*;
Isaiah* - Chapters 1-39; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 13-23: Oracles Against the Nations; Chapters 40-66; The Formation of the Book (with Special Reference to Chapters 1-2 and 32-29); Major Theological Themes; Reception History;
James*;
Jeremiah* - Structure and Contents; Interpretation – 21:1-29:32 Against the Jerusalem Leadership;
Job* - Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception;
Joel* – Structure and Contents;
John, Gospel according to or
Gospel according to John* - Interpretation;
1, 2, and 3 John or
1 John and
2 John and
3 John*;
Jonah*;
Joseph and Aseneth*;
Joshua* – Structure and Content;
Jubilees* - Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text;
Jude*;
Judges* – Dates of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Structure and Contents – B. The Heroic Anthology (Judg. 2:6-16:31);
1 and 2 Kings* - Authorship; Contents and Structure; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17); Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel – Contents; Contents and Structure – Chronology;
Nag Hammadi Library* - Discoveries; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts – Sethian Gnostic Thought;
Nahum*;
Numbers* – Dates of Composition and Historical Contexts;
Paul, Letters of or
Letters of Paul* - The Authentic Letters; The Disputed Letters;
Paul and Thecla, Acts of or
Acts of Paul and Thecla*;
Pesharim*;
Peshitta and Other Syriac Versions*;
1 Peter*;
2 Peter*;
Philemon*;
Philip, Gospel of or
Gospel of Philip*;
Philippians*;
Pilate, Acts of or
Acts of Pilate*;
Prayers and Hymns* - Prayers and Hymns in Narrative Contexts in the Hebrew Bible; Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians;
Proverbs*;
Psalms* - Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book; Literary History; Literary History – Gunkel's Basic Categories; Literary History – Post-Gunkel Approaches; Interpretation;
Pseudepigrapha* - Survey of Pseudepigrapha; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Revisions and Expansions of Biblical Material; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Apocalypses; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Testamentary Literature;
Rabbinic Literature* - Introduction; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture; New Testament; New Testament – Methodology;
Revelation* - Date of Composition and Historical Context; Interpretation; Reception History;
Romans*;
Ruth*;
Targumim* - Texts; Texts – The Pentateuch;
Testaments* – The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs; The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs – Date, Provenance, and Authorship; The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs – Form, Content, and Function;
Text Criticism* - Hebrew Bible; Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text; Hebrew Bible – The Septaugint and Its Versions; Hebrew Bible – The Septaugint and Its Versions – The Septaugint (LXX); Hebrew Bible – Other Versions of the Hebrew Text; Apocrypha; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals; New Testament; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts; New Testament – History of Editions;
1 Thessalonians*;
2 Thessalonians*;
Thomas, Gospel of or
Gospel of Thomas*;
1 Timothy*;
2 Timothy; [{Titus]];
Tobit*;
Translations, English or [{English Translations]]* -
Versions before 1611; Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions; An Overview of Modern Versions;
Acts – Acts as a Genre; Acts and Hagiography; Dating and Intertextuality; The Acts of Andrew; The Acts of John; The Acts of Paul; The Acts of Peter; The Acts of Thomas; Relevance of the Acts for the History of early Christianity; The History of Interpretation and Reception History;
Acts of the Apostles – Name of the Book; Authorship; Date and Historical Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Reception History;
Amos – Authorship and Composition; Historical Context; Structure and Stylistic Features; Reception History;
Andrew, Acts of or
Acts of Andrew – The Primitive Acts of Andrew, Later Versions, and Textual Transmission; Plot of the Fragment; Provenance of Acts of Andrew 's Thought;
Apocalypses – Daniel; Jewish Apocalypses of the First and Second Centuries C.E.; Related Literature; Reception and Influence;
Apocrypha – Old Testament – Genres; Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization; Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization – Reformation Era; Old Testament – Significance for Understanding Early Judaism and Early Christianity; New Testament – Extant Gospels - Marian Gospels; New Testament – Apocryphal Acts; New Testament – Apocryphal Acts – Historical Value; New Testament – Apocryphal Epistles; New Testament – Apocryphal Apocalypses; New Testament – Reception History;
Baruch – Content and Interpretation;
Bible – Origin of the Term Bible; Evolution of Bibles – Israelite Literature; Evolution of Bibles – The Example of Jeremiah; Evolution of Bibles – Jewish Textual Flourishing and Plurality; Evolution of Bibles – Ends and Beginnings; Evolution of Bibles – Technological Shift I: The Codex;
Canon - An Overview; Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon; Hebrew Bible – Different Canons; Hebrew Bible – History of Scholarship; Old Testament – Religious History – Jewish Tradition; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Early Christian Bibles; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Three-Stage Theory; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Criticism of the Three-Stage Theory; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – The Sadducees; Old Testament – Terms and Criteria; Old Testament – Terms and Criteria - Scripture, Bible, Canon; New Testament – Definition of Canon; New Testament – Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings – Gospels; New Testament – Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings – Paul's letters; New Testament – Disputed Texts; New Testament – Rationale for Inclusion and Exclusion of New Testament Books; New Testament – Later Discussions of Canon and “Canon within the Canon”;
1 and 2 Chronicles - Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Literary History – The Relationship between Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah; Literary History – The Original Extent of Chronicles; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Content; Literary Genre and Interpretation – The Chroniclers Agenda and His Essential Tendency; Literary Genre and Interpretation – History of Interpretation; Reception History;
Clement, Letters of or
Letters of Clement – Authorship and Context; Literary Structure and Contents; Interpretation;
Colossians – Authorship; Historical Context and Date of Composition;
1 Corinthians – Date and Historical Context; Paul in Corinth; Interpretation – 1:10-6:20 Paul's Response to Reports of Problems in the Corinthian Church; Reception History;
2 Corinthians - Structure and Content; Literary History – Reasons for Questioning the Literary Integrity; Literary History – Partition Theories; Literary History – Partition Theories – Mitchell; Literary History – Historical Reconstruction of the Relationship between Paul and the Corinthian Congregation; Interpretation - The Proem: Leitmotifs of the Letter (1:3-11); Interpretation - Pauls' Defense of His Apostolic Ministry; Interpretation - The Collection as a Symbol of the Unity of Jewish and Gentile Believers (2 Cor. 8-9); Interpretation - Paul's Attack on the Intruding Missionaries and His Preparation for a Third Visit (2 Cor. 10-13);
Daniel and
Additions to Daniel – Authorship, Dates of Composition, and Historical Contexts;
Dead Sea Scrolls - Brief History of the Discoveries; Description of the Finds; Description of the Finds – Provenance; Description of Important Texts – Biblical Texts; Description of Important Texts – Parabiblical Literature; Description of Important Texts – Commentaries; Description of Important Texts – Rules; Description of Important Texts – Texts Used in Worship; Brief History of the Qumran Community – Allusions to Historical Texts; Brief History of the Qumran Community – Physical Evidence; Brief History of the Qumran Community – The Essenes; Brief History of the Qumran Community – Early Reconstruction of the History; Brief History of the Qumran Community – Connecting the Essenes with the Site and the Scrolls; Significance – Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible; Significance – Early Judaism; Significance – Early Christianity – Sectarianism and Differentiation;
Deuteronomy - Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Dates of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Deuteronomy and Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty; Structure and Contents – The Decalogue; Structure and Contents – Deuteronomy and the Status of Women; Interpretation; Reception History;
Ecclesiastes – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Authorship: Traditional and Modern Views; Interpretation; Reception History;
1 Enoch – The Text of 1 Enoch and the Dead Sea Scrolls; Authorship and the Figure of Enoch; The “Book of Parables” (1 Enoch 37-71); The “Book of the Luminaries” (1 Enoch 72-82); The “Dream Visions” (1 Enoch 83-90); The “Epistle of Enoch” (1 Enoch 92-105);
Ephesians – Structure and Contents; Setting and Purpose; Theology;
1 Esdras – Interpolation of the Story of the Youths in the Narrative of the Return; Reordering the Narrative of the Return: Zerubbabel's Return History (Ezra 2:1-4:5//1 Esd 5:7-45) and the Complaint to Artaxerxes (Ezra 4:7-24//1 Esd. 2:15-25); The Reading of the Torah (Neh. 8:1-13//1 Esd. 9:36-55) and the Omission of Nehemiah's Memoirs;
Esther and
Additions to Esther – Canonical Status; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s); Literary History; Structure and Contents; Outline; Interpretation; Greek Additions to Esther: Structure and Contents; Greek Additions to Esther: Structure and Contents – Discussion of the Greek Additions;
Exodus – Canonical Status and Location in the Canon – Exodus and the Former Prophets; Canonical Status and Location in the Canon – Exodus and Genesis; Authorship, Date, and Literary History – The Identification of the J Source; Authorship, Date, and Literary History – The P Literature; Structure and Contents; Interpretation – The Setting; Interpretation – The Characters; Interpretation – The Conflict; Interpretation – The Revelation; Reception History;
Ezekiel – Name of Book and Meaning; Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s); Literary History; Structure and Contents – III.. Prophecies Against Foreign Nations; Structure and Contents – IV. Prophecies of Salvation; Reception History;
Ezra and
Nehemiah - Versions, Place in the Canons, and Date; Content and Structure – The Textualization of the Tradition; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – What Was the Conflict with the People of the Land and the Crisis of “Mixed Marriages”?; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – What Was Ezra's “Torah”?; Scholarly Reception of Ezra-Nehemiah;
Galatians – Date of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Interpretation History; Interpretation History – 2. The Purpose and End of the Law; Interpretation History – 3. New Creation;
Genesis – Canonical Status and Location; Authorship of Genesis; Reception History;
Gospels - Euaggelion as a Literary Designation; Gospels by Analogy; Gospels by Analogy – Sayings Gospels; The Literary Character of Gospels – Sayings Gospels; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels – The Synoptic Problem; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels – John and the Synoptics; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels – The Gospel of Thomas;
Habakkuk – Date; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Hebrews – Authorship; Date and Historical Context; Structure; Interpretation; Reception History;
Hosea – Authorship; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s); Interpretation – Interpretations of the Book of Hosea; Interpretation – Hosea as Literature; Reception History;
Ignatius, Letters of or
Letters of Ignatius – Manuscripts and Authenticity; Major Themes of the Letters; Major Themes of the Letters – Discipleship and Martyrdom; Major Themes of the Letters – Unity and Schism; Major Scholarly Debates;
Isaiah - Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 3-5 and the Social Background; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 6-8 and Isaiah's Prophetic Biography; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 10, 28-31 and the Siege of Sennacherib; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah (;1-6 and Isaiah 11-12: Royal Announcements; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 24-27; Chapters 40-66 – Isaiah 40-48: Between Babylon and Persia; Chapters 40-66 – The Servant and the Servants; Chapters 40-66 – Isaiah 56-66: New Grace and New Judgment; Literary Features;
James – Authorship; Date and Historical Context; Interpretation;
Jeremiah - Background Information; Literary History; Interpretation; Interpretation – 1:4-19 Jeremiah's Commission and Inaugural Visions; Interpretation – 2:1-10:25 Oracles of Warning to Jerusalem; Interpretation – 11:1-20:18 Prophetic Laments and Sign-Acts; Interpretation – 30:1-31:40 The Book of Consolation; Interpretation – 32:1 -45:5 Struggles for Political Authority; Interpretation – 46:1-51:64 The Routing of Judah's Enemies; Reception History;
Jeremiah, Letter of or
Letter of Jeremiah* – Genre, Contents, and Interpretation;
Job - Authorship, Date, and Context; Structure and Contents – The Prologue; Structure and Contents – The Wisdom Dialogue; Structure and Contents – Job's Final Defense; Structure and Contents – The Divine Speeches; Interpretation – The Prologue: A Critique of Fear; Interpretation – The Wisdom Dialogue: The Clash of Incommensurable Perspectives; Interpretation – The Divine Speeches;
Joel – Interpretative Questions;
John, Gospel according to or
Gospel according to John - Authorship; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Contexts(s); Literary History; Outline; Interpretation – The Prologue as Conclusion (1:1-18); Interpretation – The Wedding Motif from Cana to Cana (2:1-4:54); Interpretation – Claiming Moses and Fulfilling Feasts (5:1-10:21); Interpretation – From Bethany to Bethany: The Temple Resolved (10:22-12:11); Interpretation – The Passion Week: The New Community as the Beloved Spouse (12:12-20:31); Reception History;
1, 2, and 3 John or
1 John and
2 John and
3 John – Dating and Sequence; Historical Context; Audience and Authorship;
Jonah – Structure and Contents; Interpretation and Reception; Interpretation and Reception – Theology and Justice;
Joseph and Aseneth – Contents; History of Scholarship;
Joshua – Authorship and Literary Affiliation; Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Interpretation; Historical Context; Reception History;
Jubilees - Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Alterations to Biblical Scenes and Characterizations; Jubilee's Responses to the Hellenistic-[Jewish] Context; Jubilean Halakah; Unity of the Book; Author and Date; Author and Date – The Argument for Qumranic Provenance; Text History; Text History – Literary Echoes; Text History – Status at Qumran and Elsewhere;
Jude – Interpretation;
Judges – Literary History; Structure and Contents – C. The Concluding Section (Judg. 17:1-21:25); Interpretation History; Reception History;
1 and 2 Kings - Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11); Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel – Perspective; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Judah; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Judah – Contents; Contents and Structure – The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 Kgs 18-25); Contents and Structure – The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 Kgs 18-25) – Contents; Contents and Structure – Language and Style; Contents and Structure – Reception and History;
Lamentations - Authorship; Dates of Composition and Historical Context;
Letters - Epigraphic Letters; Epigraphic Letters – Postbiblical Letters; Writing and Delivering a Letter; Writing and Delivering a Letter – Papyrus; Dictation, Transport, and Delivery; Terminology; Form; Form – B. Initial Greeting; Letters in the Hebrew Bible; Greco-Roman Letters; Greco-Roman Letters – Form; Letters in the New Testament; Letters in the New Testament – Greco-Roman Rhetoric and the New Testament Letters; Letters in the New Testament – Greco-Roman and Near Eastern Letters; Letters in the New Testament – Pseudonymity; Letters in the Apocrypha;
Leviticus – Authorship, Date, and Literary History; Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Interpretation – Sacrifice; Interpretation – Holiness and Commonness; Interpretation – Purity and Impurity; Interpretation – Priestly Outlook; Reception History;
Lost Books - Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament – Letters Attributed to Paul; Assessment;
Luke, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Luke – Manuscript Evidence and Earliest Attestation; Authorship; Sources; Structure and Genre; Interpretation – Salvation History; Interpretation – Rich and Poor in Luke; Interpretation – Women in Luke; Interpretation – Luke and Judaism; Reception History;
1 Maccabees – The Name of 1 Maccabees; The Canonical Status of 1 Maccabees; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents – Section 2 (chs. 3:1-9:22); Structure and Contents – Section 3 (chs. 9:23-16:24); Interpretation;
2 Maccabees – Canonical Status; Date and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Literary History; Interpretation; Jewish and Christian Reinterpretations; Later Reception History;
3 Maccabees – Authorship, Origins, and Date; Historicizing Fiction; Religious and Cultural Significance;
4 Maccabees – Structure and Contents; Interpretation;
Malachi – Canonical Status and Location; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Manasseh, Prayer of or
Prayer of Manasseh;
Mark, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Mark – Authorship; Literary History; Structure and Contents – 2. Jesus's Christological Identity; Reception History;
Mary, Gospel of or
Gospel of Mary – Attestation, Date, and Authorship; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation;
Matthew, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Matthew – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents – Narrative Section: Healings and Miracles (8:1-9:38); Structure and Contents – Second Discourse: On the Mission of the Twelve (10:1-42); Structure and Contents – Narrative Section: Growing Tensions and Conflicts (11:1-12:50); Structure and Contents – Third Discourse: Parables About the Kingdom of Heaven (13:1-52); Structure and Contents – Narrative Section: Messianic Claims and the Demands of Discipleship (13:53-17:27); Structure and Contents – Fourth Discourse: Rules for the Members of the Ekklēsia (18:1-35); Structure and Contents – Narrative Section: Teaching, Healing, and Conflict in Judea and Jerusalem (19:1-24:2); Structure and Contents – Fifth Discourse: The End of Time and the Final Judgment (24:3-25:46); Structure and Contents – The Passion and Resurrection: Narrative (26:1-28:20); Interpretation; Reception History;
Micah – Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation – Micah 1; Interpretation – Micah 2; Reception History;
Nag Hammadi Library - Discoveries – The Nag Hammadi Discovery According to James M. Robinson; Nag Hammadi Archaeology; Nag Hammadi Archaeology – Archaeology at the Jabal al-Tarif and Pbow; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts – Thomas Christianity; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts – Texts of Hermetic Religion and Other Texts; The Impact of the Nag Hammadi Library and Other Codices;
Nahum – Date; Literary Issues; Literary Issues – Nahum in the Wider Literary Context; Interpretation; Reception History;
Numbers – Authorship; Interpretation;
Paul, Letters of or
Letters of Paul - Authorship and Pseudonymity; History of Modern Research – Trends and Developments; The Authentic Letters – Romans; The Authentic Letters – First Corinthians; The Authentic Letters – Second Corinthians; The Authentic Letters – Galatians; The Authentic Letters – Philippians; The Authentic Letters – First Thessalonians; The Authentic Letters – Philemon; The Disputed Letters – Ephesians; The Disputed Letters – Colossians; The Disputed Letters – Second Thessalonians; The Pseudonymous Letters; The Pseudonmyous Letters – The Pastoral Letters (1 and 2 Timothy, Titus);
Paul and Thecla, Acts of or
Acts of Paul and Thecla – Relation to Canonical Books; Literary History; Contents;
Pesharim* - “Continuous Pesharim”; “Thematic” Pesharim;
Peshitta and Other Syriac Versions – Origin and Dating of the Old Testament Peshitta; Scholarly Significance of the Old Testament Peshitta; Editions and Translations of the Old Testament Peshitta;
1 Peter – Interpretation;
2 Peter – Interpretation;
Philemon – The Traditional Interpretation Challenged: Reassessing Onesimus;
Philip, Gospel of or
Gospel of Philip – Location in Early Christianity; Theological Ideas; Key Figures;
Philippians – Date(s) of Composition and Historical Contexts; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation;
Pilate, Acts of or
Acts of Pilate – The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate; The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – Contents; The Middle Ages;
Prayers and Hymns - Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians – Prayers and Hymns from the Dead Sea Scrolls; Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians – Prayers and Hymns from the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha; Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians – Prayers and Hymns in Early Christian Writings;
Proverbs – Dates of Composition and Historical Context(s); Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Psalms - Authorship; Structure and Compilation of the Book; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Genre Headings; Literary History – A Puzzling Problem;
Pseudepigrapha – The Term and the Collection; Jewish or Christian Origin?; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Apologetic, Wisdom, and Philosophical Texts; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Edifying Tales and Romances; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Liturgical Texts; The Significance of the Pseudepigrapha;
Rabbinic Literature - Introduction – The Documents of Rabbinic Literature; Introduction – The Mishnah; Introduction – The Post-Mithnaic Legal Literature: The Tosefta and Talmuds; Introduction – Scripture and the Exegetical Tradition of the Written Torah; Introduction – The Rabbinic Literature as Oral Torah; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – The Rabbinic “Canon” of the Bible; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – The Form “Midrash”; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – The Origins and Many Purposes of Midrash; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – Midrash Halakah and Midrash Haggadah; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – Rabbinic and Patristic Interpretations of Scripture: Schools, Common Features, and the Question of Interaction; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Hermeneutics and Hellenistic Parallels; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Hermeneutics and Hellenistic Parallels – The Seven Rules of Hillel and the Thirteen Rules of Rabbi Ishmael; New Testament – Methodology – Recent Developments; New Testament – Jewish Law before the Halakah; New Testament – Exegetical Principles; New Testament – Midrashic Parallels; New Testament – Anti-Christian Polemic;
Revelation - Interpretation – Vision of the Heavenly Throne Room and the Seven Seals (4:1-8:5); Interpretation – The Seven Trumpets (8:6-11:19); Interpretation – Unnumbered Visions of Conflict, Deliverance, and Judgment (12:1-15:4); Interpretation – Vision of the Fall of Babylon (17:1-19:10); Interpretation – Unnumbered Visions Cataloging God's Defeat of His Enemies (19:11-21:8); Interpretation – Epilogue and Epistolary Closing (22:8-21);
Romans – Historical Context; Occasion and Purpose; Structure of the Letter; Interpretation; Reception;
Ruth – Names; Author; Historical Context and Date of Composition; Structure and Contents; Reception History;
1 and 2 Samuel – Canonical Status; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Contents – Samuel; Structure and Contents – Saul; Structure and Contents – David; Structure and Contents – Women; Interpretation;
Septaugint and Other Ancient Greek Translations – Sequence of the Books; Original Form, Jewish Background, Place, and Date; Evidence; Evidence – Direct Witnesses; Exegesis; Hebrew Source of the LXX; Greek and Hebrew Scrolls from the Judean Desert; Revisions of the Septaugint; The Greek Versions and Christianity; The Greek Versions and Christianity – Quotations of the LXX in the NT;
Shepherd of Hermas – Authorship and Date; Genre, Structure, and Contents; Interpretation;
Sirach – Canonical Status; Textual and Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation;
Song of Solomon – Authorship, Date of Composition, and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Song of Solomon – Authorship, Date of Composition, and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Targumim - Early Written Targumim; Texts – The Pentateuch – Onkelos; Texts – The Pentateuch – Pseudo-Jonathan; Texts – The Pentateuch – The Cairo Genizah Fragments of the Palestinian Targum; Texts – The Pentateuch – The Fragment Targums of the Pentateuch; Texts – The Pentateuch – Codex Neofiti 1; Texts – The Prophets; Texts – The Writings; Texts – The Writings – Lamentations; Texts – The Writings – Canticles; Chief Targumic Themes; Genres; Connections of Targums with Other Topics;
Testaments – The Testament of Moses; The Vision of Amram; The Testament of Job; Other “Testamentary” Literature;
Text Criticism - Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text – The Masoretic Text (MT); Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text – The Samaritan Pentateuch (SP); Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text – The Qumran Scrolls; Hebrew Bible – The Septaugint and Its Versions – The Old Latin (OL); Hebrew Bible – The Septaugint and Its Versions – The Syro-Hexapla; Hebrew Bible – Other Versions of the Hebrew Text – The Targumim; Hebrew Bible – Other Versions of the Hebrew Text – Peshitta; Hebrew Bible – Other Versions of the Hebrew Text – The Vulgate; Apocrypha – Modern Study; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Sirach; Apocrypha – Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain; Apocrypha – Reception History; New Testament – Witnesses; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127); New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321); New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions; New Testament – Witnesses – Patristic Citations; New Testament – Principles of Criticism; New Testament - Principles of Criticism – Internal; New Testament – Illustrative Variants; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – First Timothy 3:16;
1 Thessalonians – Interpretation; Reception;
2 Thessalonians – Content and Structure; Literary Relationship Between 1 and 2 Thessalonians; Authorship and Date of Composition; Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity; Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity – Contradictory Eschatological Discourses; Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Authenticity;
Thomas, Gospel of or
Gospel of Thomas – The Gospel of Thomas in Early Christianity; Authorship and Place of Origin; Structure and Organization; Sources of the Gospel; Difficulties of Interpretation; The Dependence or Independence Debate; The Thomasine Community;
1 Timothy – Authorship and Genre; Audience, Contents, and Interpretation;
Tobit – Text; Literary Character; Literary Character – Tobit and Reader Engagement; Reception History;
Translations, English or
English Translations - Versions before 1611 – The Wycliffe Bible; Versions before 1611 – Tyndale's Version (New Testament; 1526-1534); Versions before 1611 – The Rheims-Douay Bible, or Douay-Rheims Bible (1582-1609); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The Authorized (King James) Version (1611); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The Revised Version (1885); Modern Pioneers; Translation Theory and Bible Translation;
Wisdom of Solomon – Contents and Structure; Language, Provenance, and Date; Genre and Purpose; Theology; Formative Influences; Reception and Canonical Status;
Zechariah – Date of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Zephaniah – Historical Context;
Minor articles
1 or 2 paragraphs under 1 column
Acts – The Acts of Philip;
Acts of the Apostles – Canonical Status;
Andrew, Acts of or
Acts of Andrew – The Apostle Andrew; Reconstruction of the Primitive Acts of Andrew; Acts of Andrew Fragment in the Vatican Museum; Message of the Fragment; Date and Place of Composition;
Apocalypses – Earliest Apocalypses;
Apocrypha – Old Testament – Genres – Histories; Old Testament – Genres – Poetic Books; Old Testament – Genres – Prophetic Books; Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization – Jewish Community; Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization – Early Christians; Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization – Orthodox; New Testament – Agrapha; New Testament – Lost Gospels; New Testament – Extant Gospels - The Gospel of Thomas; New Testament – Extant Gospels - Stories about Jesus' Birth; New Testament – Extant Gospels - Gospels of Jesus' Childhood; New Testament – Extant Gospels - Passion Gospels; New Testament – Extant Gospels - The Descent to the Underworld; New Testament – Extant Gospels - Pilate; New Testament – Assumption of Mary;
Baruch – Authorship and Literary History;
Bible – Origin of the Term Bible – Plural to Singular, and Sacred; Origin of the Term Bible – Related Terms; Evolution of Bibles – Technological Shift II:Printing; A Ongoing Evolution and Legacy;
Canon – Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon – Torah; Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon – Prophets; Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon – Writings; Hebrew Bible – Process of Canonization – Septaugint or LXX; Hebrew Bible – Process of Canonization – Qumran; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Catholic Tradition; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Protestant Tradition; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Protestants and the Apocrypha; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Significance; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Johann Salomo Semler (1725-1791); Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – An Alternative Approach; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Dead Sea Scrolls; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – A First Century C.E. Canon; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Alexandrian Canon Hypothesis; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – “Council” of Jamnia Myth; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Assessment; Old Testament – Terms and Criteria - “Canon 1” and “Canon 2”; New Testament – Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings – Remaining Writings;
1 and 2 Chronicles – Authorship; Literary Genre and Interpretation – Is Chronicles Intended to Replace Samuel-Kings?;
Clement, Letters of or
Letters of Clement – Literary Structure and Contents – Contents of 1 Clement; Literary Structure and Contents – Contents of 2 Clement; Interpretation – Keys to 1 Clement; Interpretation – Keys to 2 Clement; Reception History;
Colossians – Canonical Status; Structure and Content; Interpretation; Reception History;
1 Corinthians – Authorship; Structure and Outline of 1 Corinthians; Interpretation – 1:1-9 Opening Greeting and Thanksgiving; Interpretation – 16:5-24 Conclusion: Travel Plans, Exhortation, and Final Greetings;
2 Corinthians – Literary History – Partition Theories – The Semler-Windisch- and the Hausrath-Kennedy-Hypothesis; Literary History – Partition Theories – The Weiss-Bultmann Hypothesis; Literary History – Partition Theories – The Bornkamm-Schmithals-Hypothesis; Interpretation - Paul and His Congregation 1: Events Ensuring from the Intermediate Visit (1:12-2:13); Interpretation – Paul's Defense of His Apostolic Ministry – Paul's Ministry of a New Covenant (2:14-4:6); Interpretation – Paul's Defense of His Apostolic Ministry – Apostolic Afflictions, Divine Preservation, and the Hope for Resurrection (4:7-5:10); Interpretation – Paul's Defense of His Apostolic Ministry – Paul's Ministry of Reconciliation (5:11-6:10) and His Appeal for Reconciliation (6:11-7:4); Interpretation - Paul and His Congregation II: Paul's Joy at the Repentance of the Corinthians (7:5-16); Assessment;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Brief History of the Discoveries – Notable Caves; Brief History of the Discoveries – Publication Process; Description of the Finds – Nomenclature for Scrolls; Description of the Finds – Genres; Description of Important Texts – 4QMMT; Description of Important Texts – Wisdom Texts; Description of Important Texts – Eschatological Texts; Description of Important Texts – Non-literary Texts; Brief History of the Qumran Community – Written Evidence; Description of the Sect; Significance – Early Christianity – Attitude to Scripture; Significance – Early Christianity – The Law; Significance – Early Christianity – Immersion for Purification; Significance – Early Christianity – Eschatology; Significance – Early Christianity – Son of Man; Significance – Early Christianity – Kingdom of God; Significance – Early Christianity – Miracles; Significance – Early Christianity – Mystery; Significance – Early Christianity – Dualism; Significance – Early Christianity – Devotion; Significance – Early Christianity – Leadership; Significance – Early Christianity – Community Property; Significance – Early Christianity – Women; Significance – Early Christianity – Melchizedek; Significance – Early Christianity – Calendar; Significance – Early Christianity – Ritual Meal;
Deuteronomy – Name of the Book and Its Meaning; Authorship; Deuteronomy and Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty – Other Literary Influences;
Didache – Name; Canonical and/or Noncanonical Status; Authorship and Date; Edition, Translations, and Commentaries; Structure and Contents; Interpretations and Open Questions; New Required Research;
Ephesians – Contribution;
1 Esdras – The Abrupt Opening and Ending; A Mixture of Genres; Juxtaposition of Alternative Narratives and Chronological Confusion; First Esdras as a Whole – Title, Structure, and Concept;
2 Esdras – Canonicity; Language, Date, and Provenance; Reception History; Fifth Ezra and 6 Ezra;
Esther and
Additions to Esther – Authorship; Greek Additions to Esther: Structure and Contents – Outline of the Greek Additions to Esther; Reception History;
Exodus – Canonical Status and Location in the Canon – Exodus and Deuteronomy; Authorship, Date, and Literary History – The Identification of the E Source; Interpretation – The Journey; Interpretation – The Sanctuary;
Ezekiel – Authorship: Traditional and Modern; Structure and Contents – I. Prophetic Call Narrative;
Ezra and
Nehemiah – Content and Structure – The Community as the Chief Protagonist of the Reconstruction; Content and Structure – The Expansion of the “House of God” to Encompass the People and City, Not Only the Temple; Content and Structure – Structure; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”? - Royal Edicts and Correspondence; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”? - Nehemiah Memoir; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”? - Ezra Memoir and Ezra “Source”; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”? - The Lists; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – What Is the Compositional History of Ezra-Nehemiah?; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – What Was the Relationship between Samaria and Yehud/Judah?; The Impact of Ezra/Nehemiah;
Galatians – Interpretation History – 1. The Antioch Incident;
Genesis – Name of Book;
Gospels – The Diversity of Gospels – Narrative Gospels; The Diversity of Gospels – Passion Gospels; The Diversity of Gospels – Sayings Gospels; The Diversity of Gospels – Post-Resurrection Dialogues; The Diversity of Gospels – Theological Tractates; The Diversity of Gospels – Other Gospels; Gospels by Analogy – Narrative Gospels; Gospels by Analogy – Passion and Infancy Gospels; Gospels by Analogy – Dialogue/Discourse Gospels; The Literary Character of Gospels – Dialogue Gospels; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels – Jewish-Christian gospels; Prospects;
Habakkuk – Canonical Status; Authorship;
Haggai – Name; Canonical Status and Location; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
Hebrews – Name; Canonical Status; Literary History;
Hosea – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Literary History; Textual Difficulties; Structure;
Ignatius, Letters of or
Letters of Ignatius – Major Themes of the Letters – Jewish/Gentile Relations; Major Scholarly Debates – Situation Reflected: Antioch or Western Asia Minor?; Major Scholarly Debates – Situation in Antioch; Major Scholarly Debates – Opponents; Other Matters;
Isaiah – Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 1-2 as Overtures; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 9 and the Fall of Samaria;
James – Literary Genre; Structure and Contents; Reception History;
Jeremiah – Interpretation – 1:1-3 Historical Superscription; Interpretation – 52:1-34 The Destruction of Jerusalem;
Jeremiah, Letter of or
Letter of Jeremiah – Authorship, Date, and Language;
Job – Outline; Structure and Contents – The Wisdom Poem; Structure and Contents – Elihu's Speeches; Structure and Contents – The Epilogue; Interpretation – Job 28: Wisdom as the Missing Piece;
Joel – Canon and Text; Joel, Person and Name; Structure and Contents – Calls to Respond to Disasters: Joel 1:2-13; Structure and Contents – Prophetic Responses: Joel 1:15-20; Structure and Contents – Invaders Revisited: Joel 2:1-11; Structure and Contents – Prophetic Address: Joel 2:12-17; Structure and Contents – God's Answer: Joel 2:18-27; Structure and Contents – Universal Prophecy: Joel 2:28-32 (Joel 3); Structure and Contents – The Final Battle: Joel 3:1-21 (Heb. 4:1-21); Subsequent Influence;
John, Gospel according to or
Gospel according to John – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Interpretation – Seeking and Finding Community (1:19-51); Interpretation – “That You Might Continue to Believe”: The Living Bridegroom (20:1-31); Interpretation – The Epilogue: The Community Moves Forward (21:1-25);
1, 2, and 3 John or
1 John and
2 John and
3 John – Composition and Structure; Purpose of Writing; Reception and Influence;
Jonah – Structure and Contents – Inner-Biblical Allusions in Jonah; Structure and Contents – Humor in Jonah;
Joseph and Aseneth – Interpretation;
Jubilees – Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Contemporary Cultural Influences; Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Halakah; Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Apocalyptic Features; Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Poetics; Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Distrinctive Features of Jubilees;
Jude – Canonical Status; Authorship; Date and Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Reception History;
Judges – Title; Date; Place in Canon; Authorship; Literary History – The Book of Rescuers (Judg. 3:12-8:28); Literary History – “Chapter Two” of the Deuteronomic History (Judg. 2:6-16:11); Literary History – The Scroll of Judges (Judg. 1-21); Structure and Contents – A. The Introductory Section (Judg. 1:1-2:5);
1 and 2 Kings – Name, Place in Canon; Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11) – Sources; Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11) – Perspective; Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11) – Contents; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel – Sources; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Judah – Sources; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Judah – Perspective; Contents and Structure – The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 Kgs 18-25) – Sources; Contents and Structure – The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 Kgs 18-25) – Perspective; Contents and Structure – Historicity;
Lamentations – Location in Canon; Textual History; Genre; Poetry and Major Themes; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation – Lamentations 1-2; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation – Lamentations 3; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation – Lamentations 4; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation – Lamentations 5; Reception History;
Letters – Epigraphic Letters – Arad; Epigraphic Letters – Lachish; Epigraphic Letters – Other Hebrew Sources from the Biblical Period; Epigraphic Letters – Elephantine; Epigraphic Letters – Postbiblical Letters – Qumran; Epigraphic Letters – Postbiblical Letters – Masada; Epigraphic Letters – Postbiblical Letters – Bar Kochba; Writing and Delivering a Letter – Leather; Writing and Delivering a Letter – Pottery (Ostraca); Writing and Delivering a Letter – Other Materials; Writing and Delivering a Letter – Inks; Literacy; Form – A. Initial Address; Form – C. Body; Form – D-F. Concluding Formulas; Form – G. Outside Address; Form – Example of an Epigraphic Letter; Letters in the Hebrew Bible – Definite References to Letters; Letters in the Hebrew Bible – The Aramaic Letters in Ezra; Letters in the Hebrew Bible – Probable Letters; Letters in the Hebrew Bible – Questionable Cases; Letters in the Hebrew Bible – Generically Marginal or Mixed Cases; Additional Literary Sources; The Literary Use of Letters;
Leviticus – Outline;
Lost Books – Sacred Writings and Canon; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Book of the Wars of the Lord (Num. 21:14); Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Book of Jaschar; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Annals of the Kings of Israel and Judah; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Book of Acts of Solomon (1 Kgs. 11:41); Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Chronicles; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Books Attributed to Prophets; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Laments; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Other Books; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament – Gospels; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament – Acts 19:19; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament – Agrapha; Other Christian Books;
Luke, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Luke – Attestation; Date; Location and Audience;
1 Maccabees – The Relationship Between 1, 2, 3 and 4 Maccabees; Structure and Contents – Section 1 (chs. 1-2);
2 Maccabees – Authorship; Setting of the Epitomist;
3 Maccabees – Transmission History;
4 Maccabees – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Reception History;
Malachi – Name; Literary History;
Mark, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Mark – Canonical Status and Location; Structure and Contents – 1. The Coming Kingdom of God; Structure and Contents – 3. The Incomprehension of the Disciples; Interpretation;
Mary, Gospel of or
Gospel of Mary – The Title of the Gospel; Reception History;
Matthew, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Matthew – Structure and Contents – Introduction, Part 1: The Infancy Narrative (1:1-2:23); Structure and Contents – Introduction, Part II: Prologue to Jesus' Ministry (3:1-4:25); Structure and Contents – First Discourse: The Sermon on the Mount (5:1-7:29);
Micah – Background Information; Interpretation – Micah 3; Interpretation – Micah 4; Interpretation – Micah 5; Interpretation – Micah 6; Interpretation – Micah 7;
Nag Hammadi Library – Discoveries – The Discovery of the Nag Hammadi Library according to Jean Doresse; Discoveries – The Discovery of Berlin Gnostic Codex 8502; Discoveries – The Discovery of Codex Tchacos; Nag Hammadi Archaeology – Archaeological and Historical Investigation in the Nag Hammadi Region;
Nahum – Authorship; Contents and Structure; Literary Issues – Genre; Literary Issues – Nahum as Poet;
Numbers – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Contents and Structure of the Final Composition; Reception History;
Paul and Thecla, Acts of or
Acts of Paul and Thecla – Authorship, Date of Composition, and Historical Context;
Pesharim -Other Occurrences of the Word “Pesher” and Commentaries;
Peshitta and Other Syriac Versions – Name; Origin and Dating of the New Testament Peshitta; Extent of the Peshitta; Scholarly Significance of the New Testament Peshitta; Other Syriac Versions of the Old Testament; Other Syriac Versions of the New Testament; Editions and Translations of the New Testament Peshitta; Legacy: The Bible of the Syriac Churches;
1 Peter – Canonical Status; Authorship; Date and Place of Composition; Literary History; Structure and Contents;
2 Peter – Canonical Status; Authorship; Date and Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Reception History;
Philemon – The Traditional Interpretation: Onesimus as a Runaway Slave from Colossae; The Traditional Interpretation Adapted: Onesimus as Bishop of Ephesus; The Enduring Appeal of Philemon;
Philip, Gospel of or
Gospel of Philip – Significance;
Philippians – Canonical Status; Authorship; Reception History;
Pilate, Acts of or
Acts of Pilate – The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – Manuscript Tradition; The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – A Consistent Account?; The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – Dating; The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – Milieu of Origin; The Middle Ages – Contents; The Middle Ages – Literary Descendants; The Middle Ages – Canonicity; The Middle Ages – Artistic Reception; The Middle Ages – Related Works;
Prayers and Hymns – Categorizing Prayers and Hymns;
Proverbs – Canonical Status and Location; Authorship; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 1-9: “The Proverbs of Solomon”; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 10:1-22:16: “The Proverbs of Solomon,” Part 2; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 22:17-24:22: “The Words of the Wise”; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 24:23-34; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 25-29; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 30: “The Words of Agur, Son of Jakeh”; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 31: “The Words of King Lemuel”;
Psalms – Position in the Canon; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Authorial or Pseudepigraphal Headings; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Historical Headings; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Headings for Liturgical Occasions; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Musical Headings; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Instructional Headings; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Hallelujah; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Technical Terms inside Psalms;
Rabbinic Literature – Introduction – The Midrashic Compilations; Introduction – Genesis Rabbah; Introduction – Leviticus Rabbah; Introduction – Pesiqta de Rab Kahana; Introduction – Song of Songs Rabbah; Introduction – Ruth Rabbah; Introduction – Lamentations Rabbah (also called Eikha Rabbati); Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Readings from the Bible in the Synagogue in Rabbinic Times; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Oral Torah; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – Targum; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – The Rabbinic View of the Bible and Its Effect on the Nature of Midrash; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – Prerabbinic Forms of Midrash?; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – The Three-part Tanak and Some Formal Characteristics of Rabbinic Midrash; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Hermeneutics and Hellenistic Parallels – The Methods of Midrash Haggadah;
Revelation – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Traditional and Modern Authorship; Structure and Contents; Interpretation – Title, Epistolatory Opening, and Introduction to the Visions (1:1-8); Interpretation – Vision of a “Son of Man” and the Messages of the Seven Churches (1:9-3:22); Interpretation – Seven Bowls (15:5-16:21); Interpretation – Vision of the New Jerusalem (21:9-22:7);
Romans – Authorship and Integrity of the Letter; Audience;
Ruth – Location in the Canon and Textual Evidence;
Samaritan Pentateuch – Qumran and the SP;
1 and 2 Samuel – Structure and Contents – Outline;
Septaugint and Other Ancient Greek Translations – Name and Nature; Scope; Original Form, Jewish Background, Place, and Date – Jewish Background; Original Form, Jewish Background, Place, and Date – Place; Original Form, Jewish Background, Place, and Date – Date; Evidence – Indirect Witnesses; Editions; Auxiliary Tools; Translation Technique; Retroversion of the Parent Text; Revisions of the Septaugint – Emergence of the Revisions; Revisions of the Septaugint – Nature of the Revisions; Revisions of the Septaugint – Pre-Hexaplaric Revisions; Revisions of the Septaugint – Kaige-Theodotion; Revisions of the Septaugint – Aquila; Revisions of the Septaugint – Symmachus; Revisions of the Septaugint – Hexapla; Revisions of the Septaugint – Post-Hexaplaric Revisions; The Greek Versions and Christianity – Terminology; The Greek Versions and Christianity – Theological Foundations;
Shepherd of Hermas – Canonical Status;
Sirach – Name of the Book; Authorship; Reception History;
Song of Solomon – Canonical Status and Location in Canon;
Targumim – The Origin of Targumim; Texts – The Pentateuch – The Palestinian Targums; Texts – The Pentateuch – Palestinian Targumic Toseftot; Texts – The Pentateuch – Liturgical Palestinian Targum-Inspired Poems; Texts – The Prophets – Jonathan; Texts – The Prophets – Targum Prophets Toseftot; Texts – The Writings – Job; Texts – The Writings – Psalms; Texts – The Writings – Proverbs; Texts – The Writings – Ruth; Texts – The Writings – Qohelet; Texts – The Writings – Esther; Texts – The Writings – Chronicles; Connections of Targums with Other Topics – The Syriac Pentateuch and the Targumim; Connections of Targums with Other Topics – Targumim: Interpretative Tradition. Origin in Synagogue or School?; Connections of Targums with Other Topics – Targumim and New Testament; Connections of Targums with Other Topics – Tell-like Structure of our Present Targumim;
Testaments – The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs – Original Language and Textual Witnesses; Reception History;
Text Criticism – Apocrypha – Aims; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Maccabees; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Baruch; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Wisdom of Solomon; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Esther; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Prayer of Manasseh; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Tobit; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Additions to Esther; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – First Maccabees; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – First-Second Esdras; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Additions to Daniel; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Psalm 151; Apocrypha – Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain – Judith; Apocrypha – Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain – Letter of Jeremiah; Apocrypha – Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain – Psalms of Solomon; New Testament – Terminology; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P45; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P46; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P47; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P52; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P66; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P72; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P75; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - (01) or Codex Sinaiticus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - A (02) or Codex Alexandrinus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - B (03) or Codex Vaticanus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - C (04) or Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - D (05) or Codex Bezae; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - D (06) or Codex Claromontanus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - F (010) or Codex Augiensis; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - G (012) or Codex Boernerianus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - L (019) or Codex Regius; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - W (032); New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - Δ (037); New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - Θ (038) or the Koridethi Gospels; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - 046; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 1; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 13; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 28; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 33; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 81; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 383; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 565; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 579; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 614; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 700; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 892; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 1241; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 1424; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 1739; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 2053; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 2344; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Lectionaries (2450); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Latin (latt); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Syriac; New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Coptic (co); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Armenian (arm); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Gothic (got); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Ethiopic (aeth); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Georgian (geo); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Old Church Slavonic (slav); New Testament - Principles of Criticism – External; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – Mark 10:7; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – Mark 16:9-20; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – John 1:18; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – John 7:53-8:11; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – Romans 5:1;
1 Thessalonians – Canonical Status and Location; Authorship; Date of Composition and Literary Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents;
2 Thessalonians – Content and Structure – Exordion (1:1-12); Content and Structure – Partitio (2:1-2); Content and Structure – Probation (2:3-3:5); Content and Structure – Exhortatio (3:6-15); Content and Structure – Peroratio (3:16-18); Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity – Literary Dependence; Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity – The Lack of Personal References; Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity – The References to Forgery in 2 Thess. 2:2 and 3:27;
Thomas, Gospel of or
Gospel of Thomas – Principal Themes; Debates within the Text;
1 Timothy – Context;
Tobit – Date and Place of Composition; Original Language; Sources; Main Themes;
Translations, English or
English Translations – Versions before 1611 – The Coverdale Bible (1535); Versions before 1611 – The Matthew's Bible (1537); Versions before 1611 – The Taverner's Bible (1539); Versions before 1611 – The Great Bible (1539); Versions before 1611 – The Geneva Bible (1560); Versions before 1611 – The Bishop's Bible (1568); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The American Standard Version (1901); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The Revised Standard Version (1952); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The New American Standard Bible (1971); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The New King James Version (1982); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The New Revised Standard Version (1989); An Overview of Modern Versions – A New Translation of the Bible (1926-1955) by James Moffatt; An Overview of Modern Versions – An American Translation (1927) by Smith and Goodspeed; An Overview of Modern Versions – The New Testament in Modern English (1958) by J. R. Phillips; An Overview of Modern Versions – The Jerusalem Bible (1966); An Overview of Modern Versions – The New English Bible (1970); An Overview of Modern Versions – The New American Bible (1970); An Overview of Modern Versions – The Good News Translation (1976); An Overview of Modern Versions – The New International Version (1978); An Overview of Modern Versions – Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures (1985); An Overview of Modern Versions – The New Testament and Psalms: An Inclusive Version (1995); An Overview of Modern Versions – The New Living Translation (1996); An Overview of Modern Versions – The English Standard Version (2001); An Overview of Modern Versions – The NET Bible (2005-print edition); An Overview of Modern Versions – The Contemporary Torah: A Gender-Sensitive Adaptation of the JPS Translation (2006); An Overview of Modern Versions – Common English Bible (2011); Modern Pioneers – The Five Books of Moses: A New Translation with Introductions, Commentary and Notes (1995); Give Us a King!: Samuel, Saul, and David (1999) by Everett Fox; Modern Pioneers – The David Story: 1 and 2 Samuel (1999); The Five Books of Moses (2004); The Book of Psalms (2007); The Wisdom Books: Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes (2010) by Robert Alter; Modern Pioneers – Restored New Testament: A New Translation with Commentary, Including the Gnostic Gospels Thomas, Mary, and Judas (2009) by Willis Barnstone;
Zechariah – Name; Canonical Status and Location; Authorship;
Zephaniah – Location in Canon; Textual Evidence; Contents and Structure; Reception History;
Acts – Acts as a Genre**; Acts and Hagiography**; Dating and Intertextuality**; The Acts of Andrew**; The Acts of John**; The Acts of Paul**; The Acts of Peter**; The Acts of Thomas**; The Acts of Philip*; Relevance of the Acts for the History of early Christianity**; The History of Interpretation and Reception History**;
Acts of the Apostles – Name of the Book**; Canonical Status*; Authorship**; Date and Historical Context**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
Amos – Authorship and Composition**; Historical Context**; Structure and Stylistic Features**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
Andrew, Acts of or
Acts of Andrew – The Apostle Andrew*; The Primitive Acts of Andrew, Later Versions, and Textual Transmission**; Reconstruction of the Primitive Acts of Andrew*; Acts of Andrew Fragment in the Vatican Museum*; Plot of the Fragment**; Message of the Fragment*; Provenance of Acts of Andrew 's Thought**; Date and Place of Composition*;
Apocalypses – Earliest Apocalypses*; First Enoch***; Daniel**; Jewish Apocalypses of the First and Second Centuries C.E.**; The First Christian Apocalypses***; Related Literature**; Cultural Contexts for the Apocalypses***; Reception and Influence**;
Apocrypha – Old Testament – Genres**; History of Composition and Canonization**; Significance for Understanding Early Judaism and Early Christianity**;
Apocrypha – Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization – Jewish Community*; Early Christians*; Reformation Era**; Orthodox*;
Apocrypha – New Testament – Agrapha*; Lost Gospels*; Extant Gospels***; Apocryphal Acts**; Apocryphal Epistles**; Apocryphal Apocalypses**; Assumption of Mary*; Reception History**;
Apocrypha – New Testament – Extant Gospels - The Gospel of Thomas*; Marian Gospels**; Stories about Jesus' Birth*; Gospels of Jesus' Childhood*; Passion Gospels*; The Descent to the Underworld*; Pilate*;
Apocrypha – New Testament – Apocryphal Acts – Historical Value**;
B
Baruch – Authorship and Literary History*; Content and Interpretation**;
Bible – Modern Usage**; Origin of the Term Bible**; Evolution of Bibles***; An Ongoing Evolution and Legacy*;
Bible – Origin of the Term Bible – Plural to Singular, and Sacred*; Related Terms*;
Bible – Evolution of Bibles – Israelite Literature**; The Example of Jeremiah**; Jewish Textual Flourishing and Plurality**; Ends and Beginnings**; Technological Shift I: The Codex**; Technological Shift II:Printing*;
C
Canon – An Overview**; Hebrew Bible***; Old Testament***; New Testament***;
Canon – Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon**; Different Canons**; Process of Canonization***; History of Scholarship**;
Canon – Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon – Torah*; Prophets*; Writings*;
Canon – Hebrew Bible – Process of Canonization – Septaugint or LXX*; Qumran*;
Canon – Old Testament – Religious History***; Critical Scholarship***; Terms and Criteria**;
Canon – Old Testament – Religious History – Jewish Tradition**; Christian Tradition***;
Canon – Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Early Christian Bibles**; Catholic Tradition*; Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books*; Protestant Tradition*; Protestants and the Apocrypha*; Significance*;
Canon – Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Johann Salomo Semler (1725-1791)*; Modern Scholarship**;
Canon – Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Three-Stage Theory**; Criticism of the Three-Stage Theory**; An Alternative Approach*; Dead Sea Scrolls*; A First Century C.E. Canon*; The Sadducees**; Alexandrian Canon Hypothesis*; “Council” of Jamnia Myth*; Assessment*;
Canon – Old Testament – Terms and Criteria - “Canon 1” and “Canon 2”*; Scripture, Bible, Canon**;
Canon – New Testament – Definition of Canon**; Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings***; Important Canonical Lists***; Disputed Texts**; Rationale for Inclusion and Exclusion of New Testament Books**; Later Discussions of Canon and “Canon within the Canon”**;
Canon – New Testament – Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings – Gospels**; Paul's letters**; Remaining Writings*;
1 and 2 Chronicles – Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Authorship*; Literary History***; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Structure and Content**; Literary Genre and Interpretation***; Reception History**;
1 and 2 Chronicles – Literary History – The Relationship between Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah**; The Original Extent of Chronicles**;
1 and 2 Chronicles – Literary Genre and Interpretation – Is Chronicles Intended to Replace Samuel-Kings?*; The Chroniclers Agenda and His Essential Tendency**; History of Interpretation**;
Clement, Letters of or
Letters of Clement – Authorship and Context**; Literary Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Clement, Letters of or
Letters of Clement – Literary Structure and Contents – Contents of 1 Clement*; Contents of 2 Clement*;
Clement, Letters of or
Letters of Clement – Interpretation – Keys to 1 Clement*; Keys to 2 Clement*;
Colossians – Canonical Status*; Authorship**; Historical Context and Date of Composition**; Structure and Content*; Interpretation*; Reception History*;
1 Corinthians – Authorship*; Date and Historical Context**; Paul in Corinth**; Structure and Outline of 1 Corinthians*; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
1 Corinthians – Interpretation – 1:1-9 Opening Greeting and Thanksgiving*; 1:10-6:20 Paul's Response to Reports of Problems in the Corinthian Church**; 7:1-16:12 Paul's Response to a letter from the Corinthian Church***; 16:5-24 Conclusion: Travel Plans, Exhortation, and Final Greetings*;
2 Corinthians – Structure and Content**; Literary History**; Interpretation***; Assessment*;
2 Corinthians – Literary History – Reasons for Questioning the Literary Integrity**; Partition Theories**; Historical Reconstruction of the Relationship between Paul and the Corinthian Congregation**;
2 Corinthians – Literary History – Partition Theories – The Semler-Windisch- and the Hausrath-Kennedy-Hypothesis*; The Weiss-Bultmann Hypothesis*; The Bornkamm-Schmithals-Hypothesis*; Mitchell**;
2 Corinthians – Interpretation - The Proem: Leitmotifs of the Letter (1:3-11)**; Paul and His Congregation 1: Events Ensuring from the Intermediate Visit (1:12-2:13)*; Pauls' Defense of His Apostolic Ministry**; Paul and His Congregation II: Paul's Joy at the Repentance of the Corinthians (7:5-16)*; The Collection as a Symbol of the Unity of Jewish and Gentile Believers (2 Cor. 8-9)**; Paul's Attack on the Intruding Missionaries and His Preparation for a Third Visit (2 Cor. 10-13)**;
2 Corinthians – Interpretation – Paul's Defense of His Apostolic Ministry – Paul's Ministry of a New Covenant (2:14-4:6)*; Apostolic Afflictions, Divine Preservation, and the Hope for Resurrection (4:7-5:10)*; Paul's Ministry of Reconciliation (5:11-6:10) and His Appeal for Reconciliation (6:11-7:4)*;
D
Daniel and
Additions to Daniel – Authorship, Dates of Composition, and Historical Contexts**; Literary History***; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation***; Reception History***;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Brief History of the Discoveries**; Description of the Finds**; Description of Important Texts**; Brief History of the Qumran Community**; Description of the Sect*; Significance**;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Brief History of the Discoveries – Notable Caves*; Publication Process*;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Description of the Finds – Nomenclature for Scrolls*; Provenance**; Genres*;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Description of Important Texts – Biblical Texts**; Parabiblical Literature**; Commentaries**; Rules**; 4QMMT*; Texts Used in Worship**; Wisdom Texts*; Eschatological Texts*; Non-literary Texts*;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Brief History of the Qumran Community – Written Evidence*; Allusions to Historical Texts**; Physical Evidence**; The Essenes**; Early Reconstruction of the History**; Connecting the Essenes with the Site and the Scrolls**;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Significance – Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible**; Early Judaism**; Early Christianity**;
Dead Sea Scrolls – Significance – Early Christianity – Attitude to Scripture*; Sectarianism and Differentiation**; The Law*; Immersion for Purification*; Eschatology*; Son of Man*; Kingdom of God*; Miracles*; Mystery*; Dualism*; Devotion*; Leadership*; Community Property*; Women*; Melchizedek*; Calendar*; Ritual Meal*;
Deuteronomy – Name of the Book and Its Meaning*; Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Authorship*; Dates of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History**; Deuteronomy and Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
Deuteronomy – Deuteronomy and Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty – Other Literary Influences*;
Deuteronomy – Structure and Contents – Deuteronomy and the Covenant Code***; The Decalogue**; Deuteronomy and the Status of Women**;
Didache – Name*; Canonical and/or Noncanonical Status*; Authorship and Date*; Edition, Translations, and Commentaries*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretations and Open Questions*; New Required Research*;
E
Ecclesiastes – Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Authorship: Traditional and Modern Views**; Interpretation**; Structure and Contents***; Reception History**;
1 Enoch – The Text of 1 Enoch and the Dead Sea Scrolls**; Authorship and the Figure of Enoch**; The “Book of the Watchers” (1 Enoch 1-36)***; The “Book of Parables” (1 Enoch 37-71)**; The “Book of the Luminaries” (1 Enoch 72-82)**; The “Dream Visions” (1 Enoch 83-90)**; The “Epistle of Enoch” (1 Enoch 92-105)**; The History of Traditions about 1 Enoch***;
Ephesians – Structure and Contents**; Setting and Purpose**; Authorship***; Theology**; Contribution*;
1 Esdras – The Abrupt Opening and Ending*; Interpolation of the Story of the Youths in the Narrative of the Return**; A Mixture of Genres*; Juxtaposition of Alternative Narratives and Chronological Confusion*; Reordering the Narrative of the Return: Zerubbabel's Return History (Ezra 2:1-4:5//1 Esd 5:7-45) and the Complaint to Artaxerxes (Ezra 4:7-24//1 Esd. 2:15-25)**; The Reading of the Torah (Neh. 8:1-13//1 Esd. 9:36-55) and the Omission of Nehemiah's Memoirs**; First Esdras as a Whole – Title, Structure, and Concept*;
2 Esdras – Canonicity*; Language, Date, and Provenance*; Form and Function***; Reception History*; Fifth Ezra and 6 Ezra*;
Esther and
Additions to Esther – Canonical Status**; Authorship*; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s)**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Outline**; Interpretation**; Greek Additions to Esther: Structure and Contents**; Reception History*;
Esther and
Additions to Esther – Greek Additions to Esther: Structure and Contents – Outline of the Greek Additions to Esther*; Discussion of the Greek Additions**;
Exodus – Canonical Status and Location in the Canon***; Authorship, Date, and Literary History***; Historical Context***; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
Exodus – Canonical Status and Location in the Canon – Exodus and Deuteronomy*; Exodus and the Former Prophets**; Exodus and Genesis**;
Exodus – Authorship, Date, and Literary History – The Identification of the E Source*; The Identification of the J Source**; The P Literature**;
Exodus – Interpretation – The Setting**; The Characters**;
Exodus – Interpretation – The Characters – The Conflict**; The Journey*; The Revelation**; The Sanctuary*;
Ezekiel – Name of Book and Meaning**; Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Authorship: Traditional and Modern*; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s)**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
Ezekiel – Structure and Contents – I. Prophetic Call Narrative*; II. Prophecies of Judgment***; III.. Prophecies Against Foreign Nations**; IV. Prophecies of Salvation**;
Ezra and
Nehemiah – Versions, Place in the Canons, and Date**; Content and Structure***; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation***; The Impact of Ezra/Nehemiah*; Scholarly Reception of Ezra-Nehemiah**;
Ezra and
Nehemiah – Content and Structure – The Textualization of the Tradition**; The Community as the Chief Protagonist of the Reconstruction*; The Expansion of the “House of God” to Encompass the People and City, Not Only the Temple*; Structure*;
Ezra and
Nehemiah – Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”?***; What Is the Compositional History of Ezra-Nehemiah?*; What Was the Relationship between Samaria and Yehud/Judah?*; What Was the Conflict with the People of the Land and the Crisis of “Mixed Marriages”?**; What Was Ezra's “Torah”?**;
Ezra and
Nehemiah – Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”? - Royal Edicts and Correspondence*; Nehemiah Memoir*; Ezra Memoir and Ezra “Source”*; The Lists*;
G
Galatians – Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation History**;
Galatians – Interpretation History – 1. The Antioch Incident*; 2. The Purpose and End of the Law**; 3. New Creation**;
Genesis – Name of Book*; Canonical Status and Location**; Structure and Contents***; Authorship of Genesis**; Dates of Composition, Historical Contexts, Literary History, and History in Genesis***; History of Interpretation***; Reception History**;
Gospels – Euaggelion as a Literary Designation**; The Diversity of Gospels***; Gospels by Analogy**; The Literary Character of Gospels***; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels***; Prospects*;
Gospels – The Diversity of Gospels – Narrative Gospels*; Passion Gospels*; Sayings Gospels*; Post-Resurrection Dialogues*; Theological Tractates*; Other Gospels*;
Gospels – Gospels by Analogy – Narrative Gospels*; Passion and Infancy Gospels*; Sayings Gospels**; Dialogue/Discourse Gospels*;
Gospels – The Literary Character of Gospels – Narrative Gospels***; Sayings Gospels**; Dialogue Gospels*;
Gospels – Literary Relationships Among the Gospels – The Synoptic Problem**; John and the Synoptics**; The Gospel of Thomas**; Jewish-Christian gospels*;
Haggai – Name*; Canonical Status and Location*; Authorship*; Date of Composition and Historical Context*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation*; Reception History*;
Hebrews – Name*; Canonical Status*; Authorship**; Date and Historical Context**; Literary History*; Structure**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
Hosea – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Authorship**; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s)**; Literary History*; Textual Difficulties*; Structure*; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
Hosea – Interpretation – Interpretation of Hosea 1-3***; Interpretations of the Book of Hosea**; Hosea as Literature**;
I
Ignatius, Letters of or
Letters of Ignatius – Manuscripts and Authenticity**; Major Themes of the Letters**; Major Scholarly Debates**; Other Matters*;
Ignatius, Letters of or
Letters of Ignatius – Major Themes of the Letters – Discipleship and Martyrdom**; Unity and Schism**; Jewish/Gentile Relations*;
Ignatius, Letters of or
Letters of Ignatius – Major Scholarly Debates – Situation Reflected: Antioch or Western Asia Minor?*; Situation in Antioch*; Opponents*;
Isaiah – Chapters 1-39***; Chapters 40-66***; The Formation of the Book (with Special Reference to Chapters 1-2 and 32-29)***; Literary Features**; Major Theological Themes***; Reception History***;
Isaiah – Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 1-2 as Overtures*; Isaiah 3-5 and the Social Background**; Isaiah 6-8 and Isaiah's Prophetic Biography**; Isaiah 9 and the Fall of Samaria*; Isaiah 10, 28-31 and the Siege of Sennacherib**; Isaiah (;1-6 and Isaiah 11-12: Royal Announcements**; Isaiah 13-23: Oracles Against the Nations***; Isaiah 24-27**;
Isaiah – Chapters 40-66 – Isaiah 40-48: Between Babylon and Persia**; The Servant and the Servants**; Isaiah 56-66: New Grace and New Judgment**;
J
James – Authorship**; Date and Historical Context**; Literary Genre*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Jeremiah – Interpretation – 1:1-3 Historical Superscription*; 1:4-19 Jeremiah's Commission and Inaugural Visions**; 2:1-10:25 Oracles of Warning to Jerusalem**; 11:1-20:18 Prophetic Laments and Sign-Acts**; 21:1-29:32 Against the Jerusalem Leadership***; 30:1-31:40 The Book of Consolation**; 32:1 -45:5 Struggles for Political Authority**; 46:1-51:64 The Routing of Judah's Enemies**; 52:1-34 The Destruction of Jerusalem*;
Jeremiah, Letter of or
Letter of Jeremiah – Authorship, Date, and Language*; Genre, Contents, and Interpretation**;
Job – Authorship, Date, and Context**; Literary History***; Outline*; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation***; Reception***;
Job – Structure and Contents – The Prologue**; The Wisdom Dialogue**; The Wisdom Poem*; Job's Final Defense**; Elihu's Speeches*; The Divine Speeches**; The Epilogue*;
Job – Interpretation – The Prologue: A Critique of Fear**; The Wisdom Dialogue: The Clash of Incommensurable Perspectives**; Jobs 28: Wisdom as the Missing Piece*; The Divine Speeches**;
Joel – Canon and Text*; Joel, Person and Name*; Structure and Contents**; Interpretative Questions**; Subsequent Influence*;
Joel – Structure and Contents – Calls to Respond to Disasters: Joel 1:2-13*; Prophetic Responses: Joel 1:15-20*; Invaders Revisited: Joel 2:1-11*; Prophetic Address: Joel 2:12-17*; God's Answer: Joel 2:18-27*; Universal Prophecy: Joel 2:28-32 (Joel 3)*; The Final Battle: Joel 3:1-21 (Heb. 4:1-21)*;
John, Gospel according to or
Gospel according to John – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Authorship**; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Contexts(s)**; Literary History**; Outline**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
John, Gospel according to or
Gospel according to John – Interpretation – The Prologue as Conclusion (1:1-18)**; Seeking and Finding Community (1:19-51)*; The Wedding Motif from Cana to Cana (2:1-4:54)**; Claiming Moses and Fulfilling Feasts (5:1-10:21)**; From Bethany to Bethany: The Temple Resolved (10:22-12:11)**; The Passion Week: The New Community as the Beloved Spouse (12:12-20:31)**; “That You Might Continue to Believe”: The Living Bridegroom (20:1-31)*; The Epilogue: The Community Moves Forward (21:1-25)*;
1, 2, and 3 John – Dating and Sequence**; Composition and Structure*; Purpose of Writing*; Historical Context**; Audience and Authorship**; Reception and Influence*;
Jonah – Structure and Contents**; Interpretation and Reception**;
Jonah – Structure and Contents – Inner-Biblical Allusions in Jonah*; Humor in Jonah*;
Jonah – Interpretation and Reception – Theology and Justice**;
Joseph and Aseneth – Contents**; Interpretation*; History of Scholarship**;
Joshua – Authorship and Literary Affiliation**; Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Structure and Content***; Interpretation**; Historical Context**; Reception History**;
Jubilees – Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text***; Jubilee's Responses to the Hellenistic-[Jewish] Context**; Jubilean Halakah**; Unity of the Book**; Author and Date**; Text History**;
Jubilees – Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Contemporary Cultural Influences*; Halakah*; Apocalyptic Features*; Alterations to Biblical Scenes and Characterizations**; Poetics*; Distrinctive Features of Jubilees*;
Jubilees – Author and Date – The Argument for Qumranic Provenance**;
Jubilees – Text History – Literary Echoes**; Status at Qumran and Elsewhere**;
Jude – Canonical Status*; Authorship*; Date and Context*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Judges – Title*; Date*; Place in Canon*; Authorship*; Dates of Composition and Historical Context***; Literary History**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation History**; Reception History**;
Judges – Literary History – The Book of Rescuers (Judg. 3:12-8:28)*; “Chapter Two” of the Deuteronomic History (Judg. 2:6-16:11)*; The Scroll of Judges (Judg. 1-21)*;
Judges – Structure and Contents – A. The Introductory Section (Judg. 1:1-2:5)*; B. The Heroic Anthology (Judg. 2:6-16:31)***; C. The Concluding Section (Judg. 17:1-21:25)**;
K
1 and 2 Kings – Name, Place in Canon*; Authorship***; Contents and Structure***;
1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11)**; The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17)**; The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 Kgs 18-25)**; Chronology***; Historicity*; Language and Style**; Reception and History**;
1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11) – Sources*; Perspective*; Contents*;
1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel***; The Kingdom of Judah**;
1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel – Sources*; Perspective**; Contents***;
1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Judah – Sources*; Perspective*; Contents**;
1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 kgs 18-25) – Sources*; Perspective*; Contents**;
L
Lamentations – Location in Canon*; Authorship**; Dates of Composition and Historical Context**; Textual History*; Genre*; Poetry and Major Themes*; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation***; Reception History*;
Letters – Epigraphic Letters**; Writing and Delivering a Letter**; Literacy*; Dictation, Transport, and Delivery**; Terminology**; Form**; Letters in the Hebrew Bible**; Greco-Roman Letters**; Letters in the New Testament**; Letters in the Apocrypha**; Additional Literary Sources*; The Literary Use of Letters*;
Letters – Epigraphic Letters – Arad*; Lachish*; Other Hebrew Sources from the Biblical Period*; Elephantine*; Postbiblical Letters**;
Letters – Writing and Delivering a Letter – Papyrus**; Leather*; Pottery (Ostraca)*; Other Materials*; Inks*;
Letters – Form – A. Initial Address*; B. Initial Greeting**; C. Body*; D-F. Concluding Formulas*; G. Outside Address*; Example of an Epigraphic Letter*;
Letters – Letters in the Hebrew Bible – Definite References to Letters*; The Aramaic Letters in Ezra*; Probable Letters*; Questionable Cases*; Generically Marginal or Mixed Cases*;
Letters – Letters in the New Testament – Greco-Roman Rhetoric and the New Testament Letters**; Greco-Roman and Near Eastern Letters**; Pseudonymity**;
Leviticus – Authorship, Date, and Literary History**; Historical Context**; Structure and Contents**; Outline*; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
Leviticus – Interpretation – Sacrifice**; Holiness and Commonness**; Purity and Impurity**; Priestly Outlook**;
Lost Books – Sacred Writings and Canon*; Lost Books***; Other Christian Books*; Assessment**;
Lost Books – Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible***; Books Mentioned in the New Testament**;
Lost Books – Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Book of the Wars of the Lord (Num. 21:14)*; Book of Jaschar*; Annals of the Kings of Israel and Judah*; Book of Acts of Solomon (1 Kgs. 11:41)*; Chronicles*; Books Attributed to Prophets*; Laments*; Other Books*;
Lost Books – Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament – Gospels*; Letters Attributed to Paul**; Acts 19:19*; Agrapha*;
Luke, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Luke – Manuscript Evidence and Earliest Attestation**; Attestation*; Authorship**; Date*; Location and Audience*; Sources**; Structure and Genre**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
Luke, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Luke – Interpretation – Salvation History**; Rich and Poor in Luke**; Women in Luke**; Luke and Judaism**;
M
1 Maccabees – The Name of 1 Maccabees**; The Canonical Status of 1 Maccabees**; Authorship**; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History**; The Relationship Between 1, 2, 3 and 4 Maccabees*; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation**; Reception History***;
2 Maccabees – Canonical Status**; Authorship*; Setting of the Epitomist*; Date and Historical Context**; Structure and Contents**; Literary History**; Interpretation**; Jewish and Christian Reinterpretations**; Later Reception History**;
3 Maccabees – Authorship, Origins, and Date**; Historicizing Fiction**; Religious and Cultural Significance**; Transmission History*;
4 Maccabees – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Authorship*; Date of Composition and Historical Context*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Malachi – Name*; Canonical Status and Location**; Authorship**; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History*; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
Mark, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Mark – Canonical Status and Location*; Authorship**; Date of Composition and Historical Context***; Literary History**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation*; Reception History**;
Mark, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Mark – Structure and Contents – 1. The Coming Kingdom of God*; 2. Jesus's Christological Identity**; 3. The Incomprehension of the Disciples*;
Mary, Gospel of or
Gospel of Mary – The Title of the Gospel*; Attestation, Date, and Authorship**; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Matthew, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Matthew – Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Authorship**; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
Matthew, Gospel According to or
Gospel According to Matthew – Structure and Contents – Introduction, Part 1: The Infancy Narrative (1:1-2:23)*; Introduction, Part II: Prologue to Jesus' Ministry (3:1-4:25)*; First Discourse: The Sermon on the Mount (5:1-7:29)*; Narrative Section: Healings and Miracles (8:1-(;38)**; Second Discourse: On the Mission of the Twelve (10:1-42)**; Narrative Section: Growing Tensions and Conflicts (11:1-12:50)**; Third Discourse: Parables About the Kingdom of Heaven (13:1-52)**; Narrative Section: Messianic Claims and the Demands of Discipleship (13:53-17:27)**; Fourth Discourse: Rules for the Members of the Ekklēsia (18:1-35)**; Narrative Section: Teaching, Healing, and Conflict in Judea and Jerusalem (19:1-24:2)**; Fifth Discourse: The End of Time and the Final Judgment (24:3-25:46)**; The Passion and Resurrection: Narrative (26:1-28:20)**;
Nag Hammadi Library – Discoveries***; Nag Hammadi Archaeology**; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices***; The Impact of the Nag Hammadi Library and Other Codices**;
Nag Hammadi Library – Discoveries – The Discovery of the Nag Hammadi Library according to Jean Doresse*; The Nag Hammadi Discovery According to James M. Robinson**; The Discovery of Berlin Gnostic Codex 8502*; The Discovery of Codex Tchacos*;
Nag Hammadi Library – Nag Hammadi Archaeology – Archaeology at the Jabal al-Tarif and Pbow**; Archaeological and Historical Investigation in the Nag Hammadi Region*;
Nag Hammadi Library – Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts***;
Nag Hammadi Library – Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts – Thomas Christianity**; Sethian Gnostic Thought***; Texts of Hermetic Religion and Other Texts**;
Nahum – Literary Issues – Genre*; Nahum as Poet*; Nahum in the Wider Literary Context**;
Numbers – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Contents and Structure of the Final Composition*; Authorship**; Dates of Composition and Historical Contexts***; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Paul, Letters of or
Letters of Paul – Authorship and Pseudonymity**; History of Modern Research – Trends and Developments**; The Authentic Letters***; The Disputed Letters***; The Pseudonymous Letters**;
Paul, Letters of or
Letters of Paul – The Authentic Letters – Romans**; First Corinthians**; Second Corinthians**; Galatians**; Philippians**; First Thessalonians**; Philemon**;
Paul, Letters of or
Letters of Paul – The Disputed Letters – Ephesians**; Colossians**; Second Thessalonians**;
Paul, Letters of or
Letters of Paul – The Pseudonmyous Letters – The Pastoral Letters (1 and 2 Timothy, Titus)**;
Paul and Thecla, Acts of or
Acts of Paul and Thecla – Relation to Canonical Books**; Authorship, Date of Composition, and Historical Context*; Literary History**; Contents**;
Pesharim - “Continuous Pesharim”**; “Thematic” Pesharim**; Other Occurrences of the Word “Pesher” and Commentaries*;
Peshitta and Other Syriac Versions – Name*; Origin and Dating of the Old Testament Peshitta**; Origin and Dating of the New Testament Peshitta*; Extent of the Peshitta*; Scholarly Significance of the Old Testament Peshitta**; Scholarly Significance of the New Testament Peshitta*; Other Syriac Versions of the Old Testament*; Other Syriac Versions of the New Testament*; Editions and Translations of the Old Testament Peshitta**; Editions and Translations of the New Testament Peshitta*; Legacy: The Bible of the Syriac Churches*;
1 Peter – Canonical Status*; Authorship*; Date and Place of Composition*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation**;
2 Peter – Canonical Status*; Authorship*; Date and Context*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Philemon – The Traditional Interpretation: Onesimus as a Runaway Slave from Colossae*; The Traditional Interpretation Adapted: Onesimus as Bishop of Ephesus*; The Traditional Interpretation Challenged: Reassessing Onesimus**; The Enduring Appeal of Philemon*;
Philip, Gospel of or
Gospel of Philip – Location in Early Christianity**; Theological Ideas**; Key Figures**; Significance*;
Philippians – Canonical Status*; Authorship*; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Contexts**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Pilate, Acts of or
Acts of Pilate – The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate**; The Middle Ages**;
Pilate, Acts of or
Acts of Pilate – The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – Manuscript Tradition*; Contents**; A Consistent Account?*; Dating*; Milieu of Origin*;
Pilate, Acts of or
Acts of Pilate – The Middle Ages – Contents*; Literary Descendants*; Canonicity*; Artistic Reception*; Related Works*;
Prayers and Hymns – Categorizing Prayers and Hymns*; Prayers and Hymns in Narrative Contexts in the Hebrew Bible***; Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians***;
Prayers and Hymns – Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians – Prayers and Hymns from the Dead Sea Scrolls**; Prayers and Hymns from the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha**; Prayers and Hymns in Early Christian Writings**;
Proverbs – Canonical Status and Location*; Authorship*; Dates of Composition and Historical Context(s)**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
Proverbs – Structure and Contents – Proverbs 1-9: “The Proverbs of Solomon”*; Proverbs 10:1-22:16: “The Proverbs of Solomon,” Part 2*; Proverbs 22:17-24:22: “The Words of the Wise”*; Proverbs 24:23-34*; Proverbs 25-29*; Proverbs 30: “The Words of Agur, Son of Jakeh”*; Proverbs 31: “The Words of King Lemuel”*;
Psalms – Position in the Canon*; Authorship**; Structure and Compilation of the Book**; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book***; Literary History***; Interpretation***;
Psalms – Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Authorial or Pseudepigraphal Headings*; Historical Headings*; Genre Headings**; Headings for Liturgical Occasions*; Musical Headings*; Instructional Headings*; Hallelujah*; Technical Terms inside Psalms*;
Psalms – Literary History – Gunkel's Basic Categories***; A Puzzling Problem**; Post-Gunkel Approaches***;
Pseudepigrapha – The Term and the Collection**; Jewish or Christian Origin?**; Survey of Pseudepigrapha***; The Significance of the Pseudepigrapha**;
Pseudepigrapha – Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Revisions and Expansions of Biblical Material***; Apocalypses***; Testamentary Literature***; Apologetic, Wisdom, and Philosophical Texts**; Edifying Tales and Romances**; Liturgical Texts**;
R
Rabbinic Literature – Introduction***; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures***; New Testament***;
Rabbinic Literature – Introduction – The Documents of Rabbinic Literature**; The Mishnah**; The Post-Mithnaic Legal Literature: The Tosefta and Talmuds**; Scripture and the Exegetical Tradition of the Written Torah**; The Midrashic Compilations*; Genesis Rabbah*; Leviticus Rabbah*; Pesiqta de Rab Kahana*; Song of Songs Rabbah*; Ruth Rabbah*; Lamentations Rabbah (also called Eikha Rabbati)*; The Rabbinic Literature as Oral Torah**;
Rabbinic Literature – Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – The Rabbinic “Canon” of the Bible**; Readings from the Bible in the Synagogue in Rabbinic Times*; Oral Torah*; Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture***; Rabbinic Hermeneutics and Hellenistic Parallels**;
Rabbinic Literature – Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – The Form “Midrash”**; Targum*; The Rabbinic View of the Bible and Its Effect on the Nature of Midrash*; Prerabbinic Forms of Midrash\?*; The Three-part Tanak and Some Formal Characteristics of Rabbinic Midrash*; The Origins and Many Purposes of Midrash**; Midrash Halakah and Midrash Haggadah**; Rabbinic and Patristic Interpretations of Scripture: Schools, Common Features, and the Question of Interaction**;
Rabbinic Literature – Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Hermeneutics and Hellenistic Parallels – The Seven Rules of Hillel and the Thirteen Rules of Rabbi Ishmael**; The Methods of Midrash Haggadah*;
Rabbinic Literature – New Testament – Methodology***; Jewish Law before the Halakah**; Exegetical Principles**; Midrashic Parallels**; Anti-Christian Polemic**;
Revelation – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Traditional and Modern Authorship*; Date of Composition and Historical Context***; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation***; Reception History***;
Revelation – Interpretation – Title, Epistolatory Opening, and Introduction to the Visions (1:1-8)*; Vision of a “Son of Man” and the Messages of the Seven Churches (1:9-3:22)*; Vision of the Heavenly Throne Room and the Seven Seals (4:1-8:5)**; The Seven Trumpets (8:6-11:19)**; Unnumbered Visions of Conflict, Deliverance, and Judgment (12:1-15:4)**; Seven Bowls (15:5-16:21)*; Vision of the Fall of Babylon (17:1-19:10)**; Unnumbered Visions Cataloging God's Defeat of His Enemies (19:11-21:8)**; Vision of the New Jerusalem (21:9-22:7)*; Epilogue and Epistolary Closing (22:8-21)**;
Romans – Authorship and Integrity of the Letter*; Historical Context**; Occasion and Purpose**; Audience*; Structure of the Letter**; Interpretation**; Reception**;
Ruth – Names**; Location in the Canon and Textual Evidence*; Author**; Historical Context and Date of Composition**; Structure and Contents**; Reception History**;
1 and 2 Samuel – Canonical Status**; Authorship**; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History***; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation**; Reception History***;
1 and 2 Samuel – Structure and Contents – Outline*; Samuel**; Saul**; David**; Women**;
Septaugint and Other Ancient Greek Translations – Name and Nature*; Scope*; Sequence of the Books**; Original Form, Jewish Background, Place, and Date**; Evidence**; Editions*; Auxiliary Tools*; Exegesis**; Translation Technique*; Retroversion of the Parent Text*; Hebrew Source of the LXX**; Greek and Hebrew Scrolls from the Judean Desert**; Revisions of the Septaugint**; The Greek Versions and Christianity**;
Septaugint and Other Ancient Greek Translations – Revisions of the Septaugint – Emergence of the Revisions*; Nature of the Revisions*; Pre-Hexaplaric Revisions*; Kaige-Theodotion*; Aquila*; Symmachus*; Hexapla*; Post-Hexaplaric Revisions*;
Shepherd of Hermas – Canonical Status*; Authorship and Date**; Genre, Structure, and Contents**; Interpretation**;
Sirach – Name of the Book*; Canonical Status**; Authorship*; Date and Historical Context***; Textual and Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
Song of Solomon – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Authorship, Date of Composition, and Historical Context**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
T
Targumim – The Origin of Targumim*; Early Written Targumim**; Texts***; Chief Targumic Themes**; Genres**; Connections of Targums with Other Topics**;
Targumim – Texts – The Pentateuch***; The Prophets**; The Writings**;
Targumim – Texts – The Pentateuch – Onkelos**; The Palestinian Targums*; Pseudo-Jonathan**; The Cairo Genizah Fragments of the Palestinian Targum**; The Fragment Targums of the Pentateuch**; Codex Neofiti 1**; Palestinian Targumic Toseftot*; Liturgical Palestinian Targum-Inspired Poems*;
Targumim – Connections of Targums with Other Topics – The Syriac Pentateuch and the Targumim*; Targumim: Interpretative Tradition. Origin in Synagogue or School?*; Targumim and New Testament*; Tell-like Structure of our Present Targumim*;
Testaments – The Testament of Moses**; The Vision of Amram**; The Testament of Job**; The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs**; Other “Testamentary” Literature**; Reception History*;
Testaments – The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs – Original Language and Textual Witnesses*; Date, Provenance, and Authorship***; Form, Content, and Function***;
Text Criticism – Hebrew Bible***; Apocrypha***; New Testament***;
Text Criticism – Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text***; The Septaugint and Its Versions***; Other Versions of the Hebrew Text***;
Text Criticism – Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text – The Masoretic Text (MT)**; The Samaritan Pentateuch (SP)**; The Qumran Scrolls**;
Text Criticism – Hebrew Bible – The Septaugint and Its Versions – The Septaugint (LXX)***; The Old Latin (OL)**; The Syro-Hexapla**;
Text Criticism – Hebrew Bible – Other Versions of the Hebrew Text – The Targumim**; Peshitta**; The Vulgate**;
Text Criticism – Apocrypha – Modern Study**; Aims*; Greek Compositions**; Books Translated from Semitic Originals***; Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain**; Reception History**;
Text Criticism – Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Maccabees*; Baruch*; Wisdom of Solomon*; Esther*; Prayer of Manasseh*;
Text Criticism – Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Tobit*; Additions to Esther*; Sirach**; First Maccabees*; First-Second Esdras*; Additions to Daniel*; Psalm 151*;
Text Criticism – Apocrypha – Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain – Judith*; Letter of Jeremiah*; Psalms of Solomon*;
Text Criticism – New Testament – Terminology*; Witnesses**; History of Editions***; Principles of Criticism**; Illustrative Variants**;
Text Criticism – New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts**; Early Versions**; Patristic Citations**;
Text Criticism – New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127)**; Majuscules (321)**; Miniscules (2907)**; Lectionaries (2450)*;
Text Criticism – New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - א
(01) or Codex Sinaiticus*; A (02) or Codex Alexandrinus*; B (03) or Codex Vaticanus*; C (04) or Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus*; D (05) or Codex Bezae*; D (06) or Codex Claromontanus*; F (010) or Codex Augiensis*; G (012) or Codex Boernerianus*; L (019) or Codex Regius*; W (032)*; Δ (037)*; Θ (038) or the Koridethi Gospels*; 046*;
Text Criticism – New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Latin (latt)*; Syriac*; Coptic (co)*; Armenian (arm)*; Gothic (got)*; Ethiopic (aeth)*; Georgian (geo)*; Old Church Slavonic (slav)*;
Text Criticism – New Testament - Principles of Criticism – External*; Internal**;
Text Criticism – New Testament - Illustrative Variants – Mark 10:7*; Mark 16:9-20*; John 1:18*; John &;53-8:11*; Romans 5:1*; First Timothy 3:16**;
1 Thessalonians – Canonical Status and Location*; Authorship*; Date of Composition and Literary Context*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation**; Reception**;
2 Thessalonians – Content and Structure**; Literary Relationship Between 1 and 2 Thessalonians**; Authorship and Date of Composition**;
2 Thessalonians – Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity**; Argumkents for Authenticity**;
2 Thessalonians – Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity – Literary Dependence*; Contradictory Eschatological Discourses**; The Lack of Personal References*; The References to Forgery in 2 Thess. 2:2 and 3:27*;
Thomas, Gospel of or
Gospel of Thomas – The Gospel of Thomas in Early Christianity**; Authorship and Place of Origin**; Structure and Organization**; Sources of the Gospel**; Principal Themes*; Debates within the Text*; Difficulties of Interpretation**; The Dependence or Independence Debate**; The Thomasine Community**;
1 Timothy – Authorship and Genre**; Context*; Audience, Contents, and Interpretation**;
Tobit – Date and Place of Composition*; Text**; Literary Character**; Original Language*; Sources*; Main Themes*; Reception History**;
Tobit – Literary Character – Tobit and Reader Engagement**;
Translations, English or
English Translations – Versions before 1611***; 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions***; An Overview of Modern Versions***; Modern Pioneers**; Translation Theory and Bible Translation**;
Translations, English or
English Translations – Versions before 1611 – The Wycliffe Bible**; Tyndale's Version (New Testament; 1526-1534)**; The Coverdale Bible (1535)*; The Matthew's Bible (1537)*; The Taverner's Bible (1539)*; The Great Bible (1539)*; The Geneva Bible (1560)*; The Bishop's Bible (1568)*; The Rheims-Douay Bible, or Douay-Rheims Bible (1582-1609)**;
Translations, English or
English Translations – Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The Authorized (King James) Version (1611)**; The Revised Version (1885)**; The American Standard Version (1901)*; The Revised Standard Version (1952)*; The New American Standard Bible (1971)*; The New King James Version (1982)*; The New Revised Standard Version (1989)*;
Translations, English or
English Translations – An Overview of Modern Versions – A New Translation of the Bible (1926-1955) by James Moffatt*; An American Translation (1927) by Smith and Goodspeed*; The New Testament in Modern English (1958) by J. R. Phillips*; The Jerusalem Bible (1966)*; The New English Bible (1970)*; The New American Bible (1970)*; The Good News Translation (1976)*; The New International Version (1978)*; Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures (1985)*; The New Testament and Psalms: An Inclusive Version (1995)*; The New Living Translation (1996)*; The English Standard Version (2001)*; The NET Bible (2005-print edition)*; The Contemporary Torah: A Gender-Sensitive Adaptation of the JPS Translation (2006)*; Common English Bible (2011)*;
Translations, English or
English Translations – Modern Pioneers – The Five Books of Moses: A New Translation with Introductions, Commentary and Notes (1995); Give Us a King!: Samuel, Saul, and David (1999) by Everett Fox*; The David Story: 1 and 2 Samuel (1999); The Five Books of Moses (2004); The Book of Psalms (2007); The Wisdom Books: Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes (2010) by Robert Alter*; Restored New Testament: A New Translation with Commentary, Including the Gnostic Gospels Thomas, Mary, and Judas (2009) by Willis Barnstone*;
Wisdom of Solomon – Contents and Structure**; Language, Provenance, and Date**; Genre and Purpose**; Theology**; Formative Influences**; Text and Versions*; Reception and Canonical Status**;
Z
Zechariah – Name*; Canonical Status and Location*; Authorship*; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
Zephaniah – Location in Canon*; Textual Evidence*; Historical Context**; Contents and Structure*; Reception History*;