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Schizophrenia is a mental disorder, characterized by abnormal behavior, strange speech, and a decreased ability to understand reality. [1]
Other symptoms of schizophrenia can include false beliefs, unclear (or confused) thinking, and hearing voices that do not exist. There may also be reduced social engagement, and a lack of motivation. [1] [2]
People with schizophrenia can also have additional mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, or substance-use disorders. [3]
These symptoms typically come on gradually in young adulthood, and in many cases, they never resolve. [2] [4] Males are also more likely to be affected than females and, on average, experience more severe symptoms. [1]
Even though a combination of genetic, and environmental factors play a role in the development of schizophrenia, [5] family genetics has the largest impact. For instance, the chances of someone acquiring the disease, if they have a parent, child or sibling who has it, is six-and-a-half percent. [6]
Despite the impact of genetics, roughly 20% of the risk of the disease comes from environmental factors. These factors include, being raised in a city, certain infections, the age of a person's parents, cannabis use during adolescence, and poor nutrition during pregnancy. [5] [7]
The genetics of schizophrenia is equally complex. There are many rare genetic variants [8] known to be involved in schizophrenia, each with a small effect, and an unknown risk of transmission to children. [8] [9]
Diagnosis is based on observed behavior, the person's reported experiences, and reports of others familiar with the person. [4] During diagnosis, a person's culture must also be taken into account. [4] As of 2013, there is no objective test. [4]
Schizophrenia does not imply a "split personality", or dissociative identity disorder. The two have been confused in public perception, but are separate illnesses. [6]
The mainstay of treatment is anti-psychotic medication, along with counselling, job training, and social rehabilitation. [1] [5]
When medication is used, it is unclear whether typical, or atypical anti-psychotics are better. [10]
If a person's disease is not well controlled with anti-psychotics alone, then clozapine may also be tried. [5]
In more serious situations, where there is a risk to themselves or others, involuntary hospitalization may be necessary. With modern treatments, admissions to hospital are now shorter, and less frequent than they once were. [11]
About 0.3 to 0.7% of people are affected by schizophrenia during their lifetimes, [12] and in 2013, there were an estimated 23.6 million cases globally. [13]
Unfortunately, few people with schizophrenia recover completely [4], and 50% will have a life-long impairment [14]. Because of this disability, social problems such as long-term unemployment, poverty, and homelessness, are common. [4] [15]
Schizophrenia also lowers life expectancy, [16] because of the increased risk of suicide. [12] [17] In 2015, an estimated 17,000 people worldwide died from behavior related to, or caused by, schizophrenia. [18]
Cannabis acts as a component cause of psychosis, that is, it increases the risk of psychosis in people with certain genetic or environmental vulnerabilities, though by itself, it is neither a sufficient nor a necessary cause of psychosis.
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cite journal}}
: |author=
has generic name (
help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
link)
VideoWiki/Schizophrenia ( Tutorial) | |
---|---|
Link to Commons | |
Steps for video creation | |
Step 1 | Preview my changes (10 sec) |
Step 2 | Upload to Commons (10 min) |
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder, characterized by abnormal behavior, strange speech, and a decreased ability to understand reality. [1]
Other symptoms of schizophrenia can include false beliefs, unclear (or confused) thinking, and hearing voices that do not exist. There may also be reduced social engagement, and a lack of motivation. [1] [2]
People with schizophrenia can also have additional mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, or substance-use disorders. [3]
These symptoms typically come on gradually in young adulthood, and in many cases, they never resolve. [2] [4] Males are also more likely to be affected than females and, on average, experience more severe symptoms. [1]
Even though a combination of genetic, and environmental factors play a role in the development of schizophrenia, [5] family genetics has the largest impact. For instance, the chances of someone acquiring the disease, if they have a parent, child or sibling who has it, is six-and-a-half percent. [6]
Despite the impact of genetics, roughly 20% of the risk of the disease comes from environmental factors. These factors include, being raised in a city, certain infections, the age of a person's parents, cannabis use during adolescence, and poor nutrition during pregnancy. [5] [7]
The genetics of schizophrenia is equally complex. There are many rare genetic variants [8] known to be involved in schizophrenia, each with a small effect, and an unknown risk of transmission to children. [8] [9]
Diagnosis is based on observed behavior, the person's reported experiences, and reports of others familiar with the person. [4] During diagnosis, a person's culture must also be taken into account. [4] As of 2013, there is no objective test. [4]
Schizophrenia does not imply a "split personality", or dissociative identity disorder. The two have been confused in public perception, but are separate illnesses. [6]
The mainstay of treatment is anti-psychotic medication, along with counselling, job training, and social rehabilitation. [1] [5]
When medication is used, it is unclear whether typical, or atypical anti-psychotics are better. [10]
If a person's disease is not well controlled with anti-psychotics alone, then clozapine may also be tried. [5]
In more serious situations, where there is a risk to themselves or others, involuntary hospitalization may be necessary. With modern treatments, admissions to hospital are now shorter, and less frequent than they once were. [11]
About 0.3 to 0.7% of people are affected by schizophrenia during their lifetimes, [12] and in 2013, there were an estimated 23.6 million cases globally. [13]
Unfortunately, few people with schizophrenia recover completely [4], and 50% will have a life-long impairment [14]. Because of this disability, social problems such as long-term unemployment, poverty, and homelessness, are common. [4] [15]
Schizophrenia also lowers life expectancy, [16] because of the increased risk of suicide. [12] [17] In 2015, an estimated 17,000 people worldwide died from behavior related to, or caused by, schizophrenia. [18]
Cannabis acts as a component cause of psychosis, that is, it increases the risk of psychosis in people with certain genetic or environmental vulnerabilities, though by itself, it is neither a sufficient nor a necessary cause of psychosis.
{{
cite journal}}
: |author=
has generic name (
help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
link)