Methylorubrum extorquens | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | |
Phylum: | |
Class: | |
Order: | |
Family: | |
Genus: | |
Binomial name | |
Methylorubrum extorquens (Urakami and Komagata 1984) Green and Ardley 2018
[1]
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Synonyms [2] [3] | |
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Methylorubrum extorquens is a Gram-negative bacterium. Methylorubrum species often appear pink, and are classified as pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs, or PPFMs. [4] The wild type has been known to use both methane and multiple carbon compounds as energy sources. [4] Specifically, M. extorquens has been observed to use primarily methanol and C1 compounds as substrates in their energy cycles. [5] It has been also observed that use lanthanides as a cofactor to increase its methanol dehydrogenase activity [6] [7]
After isolation from soil, M. extorquens was found to have a single chromosome measuring 5.71- Mb. [8] The bacterium itself contains 70 genes over eight regions of the chromosome that are used for its metabolism of methanol. [9] Within a section of the chromosome, of M. extorquens AM1 are two xoxF genes that enable it to grow in methanol. [9]
M. extorquens AM1 genome encodes a 47.5 kb gene of unknown function. This gene encodes an over 15,000 residue-long polypeptide along with three unique compounds that are not expressed. [10] The microbe uses the mxa gene [11] as a way to dehydrogenate methanol and use it as an energy source. [10]
Methylorubrum extorquens uses primarily C1 and C2 compounds to grow. [9] Utilizing compounds with few carbon-carbon bonds allows the bacterium to successfully grow in environments with methanol, such as on the surface of leaves whose stomata emit methanol. [12] The ability to use methanol as both a carbon and energy source was show to be advantageous when colonizing Medicago truncatula. [13]
H4MPT-dependent formaldehyde oxidation was first isolated in M. extroquens AM1 and has been used to define if an organism is utilizing methylotrophic metabolism. [10]
Many bacteria within the family Methylobacteriaceae live in different biotic environments such as soils, dust, and plant leaves. [14] Some of these bacteria have been found in symbiotic relationships with the plants they inhabit in which they provide fixed nitrogen or produce vitamin B12. [14] M. extorquens also produces PhyR which plants use to regulate stress response, allowing the plant to survive in different conditions. [15] In addition to PhyR, the bacterium can produce a hormone related to overall plant and root growth. [9]
M. extorquens has been found to have a mutualistic relationship with strawberries. [16] Ultimately, M. extorquens is used to oxidize 1,2-propanediol to lactaldehyde, which is later used in chemical reactions. [17] If introduced to blooming plants, furaneol production increases, changing the way the strawberry tastes. [16]
Methylorubrum extorquens | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | |
Phylum: | |
Class: | |
Order: | |
Family: | |
Genus: | |
Binomial name | |
Methylorubrum extorquens (Urakami and Komagata 1984) Green and Ardley 2018
[1]
| |
Synonyms [2] [3] | |
|
Methylorubrum extorquens is a Gram-negative bacterium. Methylorubrum species often appear pink, and are classified as pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs, or PPFMs. [4] The wild type has been known to use both methane and multiple carbon compounds as energy sources. [4] Specifically, M. extorquens has been observed to use primarily methanol and C1 compounds as substrates in their energy cycles. [5] It has been also observed that use lanthanides as a cofactor to increase its methanol dehydrogenase activity [6] [7]
After isolation from soil, M. extorquens was found to have a single chromosome measuring 5.71- Mb. [8] The bacterium itself contains 70 genes over eight regions of the chromosome that are used for its metabolism of methanol. [9] Within a section of the chromosome, of M. extorquens AM1 are two xoxF genes that enable it to grow in methanol. [9]
M. extorquens AM1 genome encodes a 47.5 kb gene of unknown function. This gene encodes an over 15,000 residue-long polypeptide along with three unique compounds that are not expressed. [10] The microbe uses the mxa gene [11] as a way to dehydrogenate methanol and use it as an energy source. [10]
Methylorubrum extorquens uses primarily C1 and C2 compounds to grow. [9] Utilizing compounds with few carbon-carbon bonds allows the bacterium to successfully grow in environments with methanol, such as on the surface of leaves whose stomata emit methanol. [12] The ability to use methanol as both a carbon and energy source was show to be advantageous when colonizing Medicago truncatula. [13]
H4MPT-dependent formaldehyde oxidation was first isolated in M. extroquens AM1 and has been used to define if an organism is utilizing methylotrophic metabolism. [10]
Many bacteria within the family Methylobacteriaceae live in different biotic environments such as soils, dust, and plant leaves. [14] Some of these bacteria have been found in symbiotic relationships with the plants they inhabit in which they provide fixed nitrogen or produce vitamin B12. [14] M. extorquens also produces PhyR which plants use to regulate stress response, allowing the plant to survive in different conditions. [15] In addition to PhyR, the bacterium can produce a hormone related to overall plant and root growth. [9]
M. extorquens has been found to have a mutualistic relationship with strawberries. [16] Ultimately, M. extorquens is used to oxidize 1,2-propanediol to lactaldehyde, which is later used in chemical reactions. [17] If introduced to blooming plants, furaneol production increases, changing the way the strawberry tastes. [16]