|
- Thanks, lots of info here, sure it will come in handy TTGL ( talk) 16:55, 16 June 2009 (UTC)
Hello, TTGL, and welcome to Wikipedia!
- To get started, click on the link that says "welcome".
- I (and the rest of us here, too) hope you like it here and decide to stay!
- Happy editing! Wuhwuzdat ( talk) 20:14, 18 April 2009 (UTC)
- I (and the rest of us here, too) hope you like it here and decide to stay!
- Thanks :) TTGL ( talk) 15:08, 19 April 2009 (UTC)
Speedy deletion declined: Radu Stanca
Hello TTGL. I am just letting you know that I declined the speedy deletion of Radu Stanca, a page you tagged for speedy deletion, because of the following concern: A7: Google search indicates notability. Thank you. — Malik Shabazz Talk/ Stalk 03:25, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
- Sure thing :) Thanks, TTGL | Talk to me! 15:26, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
Hi. I see that you nominated EBossWatch for deletion. You might be interested in this afd: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The eBossWatch Worst Bosses List andy ( talk) 22:45, 8 February 2010 (UTC)
- I removed your speedy tag from EBossWatch. It alleges notability and there are several reliable sources. Perhaps it should be sent to WP:AfD as well. Bearian ( talk) 02:16, 9 February 2010 (UTC)
AfD nomination of EBossWatch
An article that you have been involved in editing, EBossWatch, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/EBossWatch. Thank you.
Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message.
Done. Thanks for the translation - I've speedied the article. Best,
UltraExactZZ
Said ~
Did
21:55, 10 February 2010 (UTC)
| Donkey Dung sea cucumber | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | |
| Species: | mexicana
|
| Subspecies: | Halodeima
|
| Binomial name | |
| Holothuria mexicana (
Ludwig Diels, 1875)
| |
Holothuria mexicana, also known as the Donkey Dung sea cucumber is commonly found in the Caribbean. It is a commercially important aspidochirote (sediment feeding) sea cucumber that can reach a total length of 50 cm (20 in).
The sea cucumber is transversely wrinkled and reaches 50 cm (20 in) in total length. It has a top surface that is dull brown or grey with occasional warts. The bottom surface is reddish, orange or pale and is uniformly covered in tube feet. [1] Populations are unimodal and have a 1:1 male to female sex ratio. [2]
This species is found throughout the Caribbean. Its southern geographic distribution reaches to South of Brazil. [1]
It is a shallow or demersal water species most commonly found between 2 m (6 ft 7 in) to 10 m (33 ft) depth and up to 20 m (66 ft) depth. It inhabits sandy bottoms with calm waters including seagrass beds, offshore reefs or mangroves. [1] [3] [4] [5]
Holothuria mexicana feeds on sediments at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, specifically consuming organic matter such as algae, tiny aquatic organisms and waste materials. [5] Metals, such as copper, nickel, lead and zinc associated with coastal pollution, can bioaccumulate within H. mexicana tissues. Therefore, this species has therefore been suggested as a biological indicator for these metals. [6]
Holothuria mexicana is a food source for people, and is actively caught for consumption off the shores of Nicaragua, Panama and Venezuela. [4]
Natural parasites on H. mexicana are bacteria, protozoans and metazoans. The metazoans that commonly feed on these sea cucumbers are turbellarians, gastropods, copepods, crabs and fishes. [7]
Minimum size at sexual maturity is between 13 cm (5 in) to 20 cm (8 in) total length and 150 g (5 oz) gutted weight, though smaller sexually mature individuals have been found. [2]
Holothuria mexicana spawns throughout the year but has peak spawning periods that varies with geography, which may linked to temperature. Spawning occurs from May to July in Panama, August to September in Florida, and September to October in Curacao. [2]
During spawning, females forcefully expel all their eggs into the water in a single burst from their gonopore (the opening where gametes are released). Both males and females sometimes wave their tentacles around during spawning which may aid in fertilization by mixing the sperm and eggs. [8] After fertilization, eggs develop into non-feeding auricular larvae develop in ~64 hours. [9]
Sea cucumbers are fished by snorkelling or hookah diving for human consumption. Although some species are fished for local consumption, most species are exported to China where it is considered an important health food. The ease to catch sea cucumbers, high commercial value and slow recruitment rates have led to global declines in sea cucumber populations and fisheries on less commercially valuable species. [10]
There are fisheries for H. mexicana in Panama, Nicaragua and Venezuela. [4] In Panama, the species has a low economic value due to its tough and rigid texture but is fished because of decline of other commercial sea cucumbers. [5] In 1997, 25 fishers took part in a 30 day fishing period where over 750 000 sea cucumbers of three species (H. mexicana, Isostichopus badionotus, Astichopus multifidus) were caught. [5] Sea cucumber fishing is now banned in Panama but illegal fishing has been reported. Holothuria mexicana have small population sizes and were in high risk of collapse in the area if the same level of fishing had continued. [4]
In Venezuela, the sea cucumber fishery began in 1991-1992 but was shut down by 1995 due to poor fisheries regulation. Illegal fishing continued however as 500 kg of H. mexicana worth 150 000 USD was confiscated in the Archipelago Los Roques National Park in 1996. [4] In 2005, China had reported that 0.5 tonnes of sea cucumber were imported from Venezuela. [4]
- ^ a b c Collin, R., M.C. Díaz, J. Norenburg, R.M. Rocha, J.A. Sánchez, A. Schulze. M. Schwartz and A. Valdés. 2005. Photographic identification guide to some common marine invertebrates of Bocas Del Toro, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science. 41(3): 638-707.
- ^ a b c Guzman, H.M., C.A. Guevara, I.C. Hernandez. 2003. Reproductive cycle of two commercial species of sea cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Caribbean Panama. Marine Biology 142: 271–279.
- ^ Laboy-Nieves, E.N., J.E. Conde. 2006. Nouvelle approche pour mesurer Holothuria mexicana et Isostichopus badionotus aux fins d’évaluations de stocks. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin. 24: 39-43.
- ^ a b c d e f Toral-Granda,V. 2008. Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in Latin America and the Caribbean. In V. Toral-Granda, A. Lovatelli and M. Vasconcellos (eds). Sea cucumbers. A global review of fisheries and trade. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 516. Rome, FAO. 2008. pp. 213–229.
- ^ a b c d Guzman, H.M., C.A. Guevara. 2002. Population structure, distribution and abundance of three commercial species of sea cucumber (Echinodermata) in Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 38: 230–238.
- ^ Laboy-Nieves, E.N., J.E., Conde. 2001. Metal levels in eviscerated tissue of shallow-water deposit-feeding holothurians. Hydrobiologia, 459: 19–26.
- ^ Eeckhaut, I., Parmentier, E., Becker, P., Gomez da Silva, S., & Jangoux, M. 2004. Parasites and biotic diseases in field and cultivated sea cucumbers. In Lovatelli, A., Conand, C., Purcell, S., Uthicke, S., Hamel, J.-F., Mercier, A. (eds). Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and management. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 463. Rome, FAO. 2004. pp. 311-325.
- ^ Mosher, C. 1982. Spawning behavior of the aspidochirote holothurian Holothuria rnexicana Ludwig. In: Lawrence, L M. (ed.). Echinoderms: Proceedings of the International Conference, Tampa Bay. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 467-468.
- ^ Thurston, C.L., J.E. West. 2000. The auricularia-to-doliolaria transformation in two aspidochirote holothurians, Holothuria mexicana and Stichopus californicus. Invertebrate Biology. 119 (4): 421-432.
- ^ Conand, C., S. Uthicke. 2005. Local examples of beche-de-mer overfishing: An initial summary and request for information. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin. 21: 9-14.
Please move because I made a mistake when I posted it. First time user, Thanks!. — JaySo83 ( talk) 23:47, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
- Hi, I've moved
Holothuria Mexicana to its own article, and have left a message on your talk page explaining how to move pages in the future :).
Thanks, TTGL | Talk to me! 19:54, 12 February 2010 (UTC)
Non Free Images in your User Space
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Thanks for pointing that out, I didn't realise that non-free images were not allowed on the userspace (I knew that images that were copyrighted and not under fair use were not allowed, but I didn't realise even fair-use ones couldn't be used. Thanks, TTGL | Talk to me! 01:01, 21 February 2010 (UTC)
|
- Thanks, lots of info here, sure it will come in handy TTGL ( talk) 16:55, 16 June 2009 (UTC)
Hello, TTGL, and welcome to Wikipedia!
- To get started, click on the link that says "welcome".
- I (and the rest of us here, too) hope you like it here and decide to stay!
- Happy editing! Wuhwuzdat ( talk) 20:14, 18 April 2009 (UTC)
- I (and the rest of us here, too) hope you like it here and decide to stay!
- Thanks :) TTGL ( talk) 15:08, 19 April 2009 (UTC)
Speedy deletion declined: Radu Stanca
Hello TTGL. I am just letting you know that I declined the speedy deletion of Radu Stanca, a page you tagged for speedy deletion, because of the following concern: A7: Google search indicates notability. Thank you. — Malik Shabazz Talk/ Stalk 03:25, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
- Sure thing :) Thanks, TTGL | Talk to me! 15:26, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
Hi. I see that you nominated EBossWatch for deletion. You might be interested in this afd: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The eBossWatch Worst Bosses List andy ( talk) 22:45, 8 February 2010 (UTC)
- I removed your speedy tag from EBossWatch. It alleges notability and there are several reliable sources. Perhaps it should be sent to WP:AfD as well. Bearian ( talk) 02:16, 9 February 2010 (UTC)
AfD nomination of EBossWatch
An article that you have been involved in editing, EBossWatch, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/EBossWatch. Thank you.
Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message.
Done. Thanks for the translation - I've speedied the article. Best,
UltraExactZZ
Said ~
Did
21:55, 10 February 2010 (UTC)
| Donkey Dung sea cucumber | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | |
| Species: | mexicana
|
| Subspecies: | Halodeima
|
| Binomial name | |
| Holothuria mexicana (
Ludwig Diels, 1875)
| |
Holothuria mexicana, also known as the Donkey Dung sea cucumber is commonly found in the Caribbean. It is a commercially important aspidochirote (sediment feeding) sea cucumber that can reach a total length of 50 cm (20 in).
The sea cucumber is transversely wrinkled and reaches 50 cm (20 in) in total length. It has a top surface that is dull brown or grey with occasional warts. The bottom surface is reddish, orange or pale and is uniformly covered in tube feet. [1] Populations are unimodal and have a 1:1 male to female sex ratio. [2]
This species is found throughout the Caribbean. Its southern geographic distribution reaches to South of Brazil. [1]
It is a shallow or demersal water species most commonly found between 2 m (6 ft 7 in) to 10 m (33 ft) depth and up to 20 m (66 ft) depth. It inhabits sandy bottoms with calm waters including seagrass beds, offshore reefs or mangroves. [1] [3] [4] [5]
Holothuria mexicana feeds on sediments at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, specifically consuming organic matter such as algae, tiny aquatic organisms and waste materials. [5] Metals, such as copper, nickel, lead and zinc associated with coastal pollution, can bioaccumulate within H. mexicana tissues. Therefore, this species has therefore been suggested as a biological indicator for these metals. [6]
Holothuria mexicana is a food source for people, and is actively caught for consumption off the shores of Nicaragua, Panama and Venezuela. [4]
Natural parasites on H. mexicana are bacteria, protozoans and metazoans. The metazoans that commonly feed on these sea cucumbers are turbellarians, gastropods, copepods, crabs and fishes. [7]
Minimum size at sexual maturity is between 13 cm (5 in) to 20 cm (8 in) total length and 150 g (5 oz) gutted weight, though smaller sexually mature individuals have been found. [2]
Holothuria mexicana spawns throughout the year but has peak spawning periods that varies with geography, which may linked to temperature. Spawning occurs from May to July in Panama, August to September in Florida, and September to October in Curacao. [2]
During spawning, females forcefully expel all their eggs into the water in a single burst from their gonopore (the opening where gametes are released). Both males and females sometimes wave their tentacles around during spawning which may aid in fertilization by mixing the sperm and eggs. [8] After fertilization, eggs develop into non-feeding auricular larvae develop in ~64 hours. [9]
Sea cucumbers are fished by snorkelling or hookah diving for human consumption. Although some species are fished for local consumption, most species are exported to China where it is considered an important health food. The ease to catch sea cucumbers, high commercial value and slow recruitment rates have led to global declines in sea cucumber populations and fisheries on less commercially valuable species. [10]
There are fisheries for H. mexicana in Panama, Nicaragua and Venezuela. [4] In Panama, the species has a low economic value due to its tough and rigid texture but is fished because of decline of other commercial sea cucumbers. [5] In 1997, 25 fishers took part in a 30 day fishing period where over 750 000 sea cucumbers of three species (H. mexicana, Isostichopus badionotus, Astichopus multifidus) were caught. [5] Sea cucumber fishing is now banned in Panama but illegal fishing has been reported. Holothuria mexicana have small population sizes and were in high risk of collapse in the area if the same level of fishing had continued. [4]
In Venezuela, the sea cucumber fishery began in 1991-1992 but was shut down by 1995 due to poor fisheries regulation. Illegal fishing continued however as 500 kg of H. mexicana worth 150 000 USD was confiscated in the Archipelago Los Roques National Park in 1996. [4] In 2005, China had reported that 0.5 tonnes of sea cucumber were imported from Venezuela. [4]
- ^ a b c Collin, R., M.C. Díaz, J. Norenburg, R.M. Rocha, J.A. Sánchez, A. Schulze. M. Schwartz and A. Valdés. 2005. Photographic identification guide to some common marine invertebrates of Bocas Del Toro, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science. 41(3): 638-707.
- ^ a b c Guzman, H.M., C.A. Guevara, I.C. Hernandez. 2003. Reproductive cycle of two commercial species of sea cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Caribbean Panama. Marine Biology 142: 271–279.
- ^ Laboy-Nieves, E.N., J.E. Conde. 2006. Nouvelle approche pour mesurer Holothuria mexicana et Isostichopus badionotus aux fins d’évaluations de stocks. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin. 24: 39-43.
- ^ a b c d e f Toral-Granda,V. 2008. Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in Latin America and the Caribbean. In V. Toral-Granda, A. Lovatelli and M. Vasconcellos (eds). Sea cucumbers. A global review of fisheries and trade. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 516. Rome, FAO. 2008. pp. 213–229.
- ^ a b c d Guzman, H.M., C.A. Guevara. 2002. Population structure, distribution and abundance of three commercial species of sea cucumber (Echinodermata) in Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 38: 230–238.
- ^ Laboy-Nieves, E.N., J.E., Conde. 2001. Metal levels in eviscerated tissue of shallow-water deposit-feeding holothurians. Hydrobiologia, 459: 19–26.
- ^ Eeckhaut, I., Parmentier, E., Becker, P., Gomez da Silva, S., & Jangoux, M. 2004. Parasites and biotic diseases in field and cultivated sea cucumbers. In Lovatelli, A., Conand, C., Purcell, S., Uthicke, S., Hamel, J.-F., Mercier, A. (eds). Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and management. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 463. Rome, FAO. 2004. pp. 311-325.
- ^ Mosher, C. 1982. Spawning behavior of the aspidochirote holothurian Holothuria rnexicana Ludwig. In: Lawrence, L M. (ed.). Echinoderms: Proceedings of the International Conference, Tampa Bay. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 467-468.
- ^ Thurston, C.L., J.E. West. 2000. The auricularia-to-doliolaria transformation in two aspidochirote holothurians, Holothuria mexicana and Stichopus californicus. Invertebrate Biology. 119 (4): 421-432.
- ^ Conand, C., S. Uthicke. 2005. Local examples of beche-de-mer overfishing: An initial summary and request for information. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin. 21: 9-14.
Please move because I made a mistake when I posted it. First time user, Thanks!. — JaySo83 ( talk) 23:47, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
- Hi, I've moved
Holothuria Mexicana to its own article, and have left a message on your talk page explaining how to move pages in the future :).
Thanks, TTGL | Talk to me! 19:54, 12 February 2010 (UTC)
Non Free Images in your User Space
Hey there TTGL, thank you for your contributions! I am a
bot alerting you that
Non-free files are
not allowed in the user or talk-space. I
removed some files that I found on
User:TTGL/favs. In the future, please refrain from adding fair-use images to your
user-space drafts or your
talk page.
- See a log of images removed today here
- Shut off the bot here
- Report errors here.
Thank you, -- DASHBot ( talk) 20:22, 20 February 2010 (UTC)
- Hi there, you're a bot, so there might not be much of a point to writing this, but anyway.
Thanks for pointing that out, I didn't realise that non-free images were not allowed on the userspace (I knew that images that were copyrighted and not under fair use were not allowed, but I didn't realise even fair-use ones couldn't be used. Thanks, TTGL | Talk to me! 01:01, 21 February 2010 (UTC)