Biography of Kagnew Hailesellasse Sene, an Ethiopian Biologist
Mr. Kagnew Hailesellasse Sene was born in North Shoa, Ethiopia in 1978 G.C. Some of his photos are accessible from; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...15/Photo-Kagnew.pdf and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...5/Picture-Photo.pdf. His CV is shown in the link; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/CV-Kagnew.pdf. His identification, that is, passport, is displayed in the link; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...4/40/K-passport.pdf. The ID number of his former passport is E912598. He attended his primary and secondary school education in the country where he was raised. The name of his secondary school is Enewary Senior Secondary school, which is located in North Shoa. During his secondary education, he was considered as one of the few best students. In high school education, he developed strong interest for Mathematics, Physics, Biology, Chemistry, English language and others. He is known for mastering grammar English. Of course, he had strong background in reading, listening and speaking English. His skill in written English is very good. Among others, he solves top difficult algebra and geometry problems of mathematics, Physics, Biology and Chemistry besides other subjects. All in all, his computing skill is fascinating. His interest and potential for Biology and Chemistry was overriding. He already determined his future career to be Biology while he was in high school. In his early and late phase of secondary school study, he had broader experience in biological science for his unlimited effort, hard work and intensive reading to improve his biology. He completed his high school education in 1996 G.C and passed the national examination (matriculation) with very great distinction (3.80 out of 4.00). This score and achievement of him in high school leaving exam indicates that he is one of the very few people who thinks best at national level at that time. His High school certificate ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...ool_certificate.pdf) and high school transcript ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...hool_transcript.pdf) are credential documents and testimonials.
After passing matriculation exam, he joined Addis Ababa University (AAU) of Ethiopia in 1996 G.C to commence his undergraduate study. He chose Biology as his major field of study and chemistry as his minor in AAU. His courses covered basic and advanced studies that encompassed a broader scope of biological science, which addressed courses from cell to ecosystem. In his undergraduate study, he was a novel thinker of biological science. He is recognized as one of the best thinkers in most courses of biological science. His best performance in various biological, chemistry and common courses allowed him to win a scholarship award provided by the "Aklilu Lemma Foundation". Chemistry as his minor always adds value to him. He applies basic and advanced knowledge of chemistry in biology. The inclusion of chemistry as his minor field of study helped him to apply principles of chemistry in biological concepts. He graduated in 2000 G.C with a grade point average close to distinction (cumulative G.P.A of 3.23 out of 4.00 & Biology G.P.A of 3.58 out of 4.00). This success was a green light for him as he was ranked as the first best student of that batch. His two pages of B.Sc transcript and degree shown in the links; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...ranscript_page1.pdf and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...anscript_page_2.pdf and ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com.../ec/B.Sc_degree.pdf). He beliefs in cumulative G.P.A. But, major G.P.A is also important. The grading "A" to "F" is based on scale. Also he gives value to percentage though the percentage is not shown in his transcript, which is based on American grading system, that is, "A" to "F". Some people may have the same grade. But, they might have different achievement in terms of percentage. Two students having a mark of "90" and "80" may get "A" due to scale, but their knowledge for that course is different since there is difference in percentage. The cost of his undergraduate study like tuition fee, accommodation, living expense and others was covered by AAU via the fund budgeted by the Federal government of Ethiopia in every fiscal year. Immediately after graduation, his first job was a “High school Biology Teacher”. He was employed by the government through the "Ministry of Education" and a monthly salary was paid to him. He then switched to other job, “Junior researcher”, following employment by the Ethiopian Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and Research. He received a monthly salary throughout his stay in the institute. His contribution for the development of wetland science is worth mentioning at the institute. His focus on research about inundated lands emanated from the fact that wetlands have many use values and priority must be given for wetland conservation and management before loss of some of the country's wetlands. His priority was to document vegetation of wetlands to examine the diversity of wetland plants and habitat types in wetlands. Studying the vegetation of one representative wetland was his main concern to document the plant biodiversity before some endangered wetland plant species extinct. This intensive work of him has many applications in wetland conservation and management, formulating policy and legislation regarding wetlands and others. The study of the plant of this wetland has also other merits for "Plant Biologists" can use the result for reference. Biologists can identify wetland plant species by referring voucher plant specimens preserved in the national herbarium of Ethiopia during this study. He found two potential invasive species, namely, Hygrophila schulli and Xanthium strumarium while conducting the research. These two species invaded the wetland. Normally, most of the invasive species in Ethiopia are exotic. But, these are native invaders. He speculated that these two species may be promoted to "invasive species" since they are not registered as invasive species in the country although this needs further detailed studies. To promote these two species to invasive, there is a need of detailed study like their occurrence and status of invasion in other countries of the world including other researches. Scientific communities must come to consensus to promote this invasive species. Not only this, but also these species must fulfill other criteria, which characterizes invasive species. His research about this wetland was published in the “Ethiopian Journal of Natural Resources”( http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=ET2009000155). A proceeding was also fabricated (Proceeding of a workshop organized by Biological Society of Ethiopia). The presentation about this wetland research is accessible from; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com.../Inundated_land.pdf. He went to abroad and became beneficiary of short-term training conducted at the Jacob Blaustein Institute for desert research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel for one month in 2003 G.C. In a month stay in Israel, he attended various lectures about conservation of biodiversity in desert ecosystem. In particular, he conducted research about "the diversity of spiders in natural ecosystem and grape vineyard in Sede Boqer, Israel". His work had great contribution for application of spiders in biological control to control natural enemies, arthropod pests, in grape vineyard. Presentation accessible from ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...logical_control.pdf). The link ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...Sampling-spider.pdf) shows the sampling site. The cost for his short-term training was covered by MASHAV, Ministry of Foreign affairs, the state of Israel. A training certificate was issued to him ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...ing_certificate.pdf). After he returned from Israel, he traveled to the Netherlands to conduct his M.Sc study at Wageningen University of the Netherlands. He pursued his M.Sc study in Biology with specialization "Cell Biology". He was recipient of Wageningen University Fellowship. During his course work, he attended courses that are relevant for his field of study. In some of his course work, the practical part of his course has a strong relevance for science. For instance, his experiment about molecular interaction between rhizobium and the legume, Medicago trunculata is worth recalling. This work of him about "Rop GTPase genes" has great contribution for investigation about signal transduction aspects of Medicago-Rhizobium interaction. Besides, he is one of the pioneers who applied a modern high tech cloning technology named as "gate way cloning technology". He would say gate way cloning technology is the most difficult cloning technique.
He conducted his M.Sc thesis entitled "Investigation of Transcriptional Regulation of Halorespiration in Desulfitobacterium hafniense at the Laboratory of Microbiology, Bacterial Genetics Group, Wageningen University. During his M.Sc study, he discovered new transcriptional activators, namely, Cprk2 and Cprk4 and a new promoter DNA named dehalobox. Also he is the first person to contribute to further development of halorespiration using tools of bioinformatics. That contribution was published in his recent paper. Formerly, there existed five Cprk-like regulators in Desulfitobacterium hafniense. He computationally identified three additional Cprk-like regulators in Desulfitobacterium hafniense, which was not known before. These three putative regulators may attract experimentalists. The existence of Cprk-like regulators in Desulfitobacterium chlororespirans and Desulfitobacterium autotrophicum based on his computational study is also another promising thing. After publishing his research, he remarked that the research about halorespiration is not yet completed before halorespirers applied to degrade halogenated compounds to protect human death and ecosystem loss due to halogenated compounds. Human has no enzyme to degrade halocompounds. His thesis work contributed a lot for understanding the Molecular biology and Environmental Microbiology aspect of a newly discovered metabolic pathway named as halorespiration. His discovery work is published in the Journal of “Microbiology” ( https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/conte...mic.0.2008/021584-0) and “World Research Journal of Biochemistry” ( http://www.bioinfopublication.org/viewhtml.php?artid=BIA0000449). The presentation can be read from ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...Halorespiration.pdf and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...Halorespiration.pdf). This research about halorespiration can be reproduced using the following list of primers; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...ligonucleotides.pdf using the genomic DNA of Desulfitobacterium hafniense as a template. Interested people must read the published articles in detail to get full information on how to do each experiment. There is a need of detailed reading of the article and critical understanding to have a complete picture of the work. Everything is mentioned in the article. The article accessible from; http://www.bioinfopublication.org/viewhtml.php?artid=BIA0000449 is the best article. It is written in such a way that interested people will reproduce the work and launch halorespiration project. A strong background of molecular biology is needed to reproduce the work. The designed primer included GC clump, restriction site used for cloning and sequence that anneals to target region. Some codes are easy to read. For example, target region "Promoter CprK2_344" means the promoter dehalobox close to CprK2 in contig 344 and the regulator CprK2 binds to this promoter. Promoter upstream of the gene CprB1 is CprB1_344. And CprB1 is the gene encoding subunit of the biocatalyst. Interested people will screen weak and strong promoters and study the transcriptional activators;Cprk2 and CprK4. Promoter macA-313 is the promoter near to the gene related to chemotaxis. The amplified region to get the promoter includes the promoter dehalobox and flanking regions. No code shown for the regulatory genes cprk2 and cprK4 since there is no need of code. As part of the last Phase of his M.Sc study, he conducted an internship at the Ottawa hospital of Canada. His cost of living was covered by Ottawa Health Research Institute,Ontario, Ottawa, Canada. He demarcated early phase of mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation using marker genes. He discovered many genes and transcriptional regulators that are related to mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation. He studied the function of these genes and transcriptional factors. His work contributed a lot for enhancing understanding about molecular medicine aspect of stem cells. His discovery research is published in the Journal of "BMC genomics"( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1851713/). His presentation is accessible from; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...about_stem_cell.pdf. He received his M.Sc degree in Biology with specialization "Cell Biology" from Wageningen University in 2005 G.C. His M.Sc degree and transcript shown in the links;( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...M.Sc_degree.pdf.pdf) and ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...M.Sc_transcript.pdf). He came back to home, Ethiopia in 2006 G.C. And he served as a Lecturer of Biology at a newly established Ethiopian University named "Mizan Tepi University" after he returned from Canada. He had been paid throughout his stay in the university. As one of the pioneer lecturers of the university, he contributed a lot for the development of the university via offering lectures of Cell Biology, Genetics, Microscopy, Conservation of natural resources, Phycology and Research Methodology. He introduced a modernistic curriculum in the university to give insight to students about Molecular cell biology. After that he moved to the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. He worked as a researcher and received monthly salary there. Here he undertakes research about genetic diversity of crops like Coffea arabica. With regard to Coffee arabica, he has enormous contribution for resolving the challenge of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR)mining, published in the Journal of "Journal of Biotechnology letters” ( https://bioinfopublication.org/viewhtml.php?artid=BIA0001710), discovery of PCR inhibition, published in the Journal of "International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology”; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2...OF_COFFEE_GENOTYPES and consolidating the what is discovered before about microsatellite screening and additional insights in marker screening, published in the Journal of Insight Genetics ( http://www.insightknowledge.org/abstract.p...ENETICS-IK.2013.1.6). He gave presentation about this research ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...ee-Presentation.pdf and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...entation-coffee.pdf). Indeed the analyzed data of his coffee research after scoring and having a binary algebra data (0/1) is accessible from; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...shed_short_note.pdf. In his marker screening research published in the "Journal of Insight Genetics", the why of existence of more than expected number of microsatellite alleles provoked him to think further. According to Mendelian rules, diploid homozygous individuals have one allele and heterozygotes have two alleles at that locus. And tetraploid homozygous individuals have two alleles while heterozygous individuals have four alleles. But, he counted more than expected number of alleles in tetraploid Coffea arabica. The probable cause he suggested is that microstaellite evolution, crossing over during meiosis and tandem repeat duplication. That needs further investigation. The overall implication is that this research of him will contribute a lot for the development of Mendelian Genetics. Besides, he also observed increase in allele size relative to published sizes in some microsatellites and decrease and increase in number of alleles for some microsatellites relative to published number. Exceptions to mendelian rules has been increasing from time to time and Kagnew didn't say this contribution of him will be included in exception to mendel rules before the scientific community agrees. Kagnew is successful in his molecular characterization research. But, he encountered bottleneck regarding genetic diversity study of Ethiopian ginger as remarked in his short note; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Ginger-F.pdf. Ultimately, as per his capacity, he contributed many equations, theories, postulates and the like that are vital for the development of science. Kagnew in his life time took a number of examinations given at high school level, university level (undergraduate (B.Sc) and postgraduate (M.Sc)). He suffered a lot to cope up challenges of examinations offered in secondary and post-secondary education. The grades and marks are clearly shown in his transcripts. He took TOEFL in January 2007 G.C and GRE general test in October 2008 G.C (link for expired GRE score printed online from ETS website; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com..._printed_online.pdf). Besides, he took intrans exams set by institutes and universities for employment and other purpose. Also he took York English Language Test (YELT) in 2006 G.C in Toronto, Canada. He strongly beliefs in exams. As per his view, performance of students in exam is indicator of their potential to succeed in their field. Their performance indicates their knowledge for that course. He also prepared several exams while he was a teacher and lecturer. The way he evaluates his students is quite aspiring. He is known for preparing examination that covers a wealth of knowledge so that his students will be evaluated and different category of students exist. In his opinion, a student who passed his exam and scored high grade is diligent and knowledgeable. He sometimes gives speech to people about research. Few years before now, he gave presentation about research; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...eminar-Research.pdf. "Google" also recognizes him and you can access his information from; https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei...FDfkQ4dUDCAY&uact=5
Information about Kagnew can be obtained from different websites shown below.
List of Websites containing Kagnew's publication
https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/arti...1186/1471-2164-8-85
http://www.bioinfopublication.org/viewhtml.php?artid=BIA0000449
http://www.bioinfopublication.org/viewhtml.php?artid=BIA0001710
https://insightknowledge.org/abstract.php?...ENETICS-IK.2013.1.6
https://www.ijbbku.com/assets/custom/journ...FEE%20genotypes.pdf
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/conte...mic.0.2008/021584-0
http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.d...02.xml;ET2009000155
Biography of Kagnew Hailesellasse Sene, an Ethiopian Biologist
Mr. Kagnew Hailesellasse Sene was born in North Shoa, Ethiopia in 1978 G.C. Some of his photos are accessible from; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...15/Photo-Kagnew.pdf and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...5/Picture-Photo.pdf. His CV is shown in the link; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/CV-Kagnew.pdf. His identification, that is, passport, is displayed in the link; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...4/40/K-passport.pdf. The ID number of his former passport is E912598. He attended his primary and secondary school education in the country where he was raised. The name of his secondary school is Enewary Senior Secondary school, which is located in North Shoa. During his secondary education, he was considered as one of the few best students. In high school education, he developed strong interest for Mathematics, Physics, Biology, Chemistry, English language and others. He is known for mastering grammar English. Of course, he had strong background in reading, listening and speaking English. His skill in written English is very good. Among others, he solves top difficult algebra and geometry problems of mathematics, Physics, Biology and Chemistry besides other subjects. All in all, his computing skill is fascinating. His interest and potential for Biology and Chemistry was overriding. He already determined his future career to be Biology while he was in high school. In his early and late phase of secondary school study, he had broader experience in biological science for his unlimited effort, hard work and intensive reading to improve his biology. He completed his high school education in 1996 G.C and passed the national examination (matriculation) with very great distinction (3.80 out of 4.00). This score and achievement of him in high school leaving exam indicates that he is one of the very few people who thinks best at national level at that time. His High school certificate ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...ool_certificate.pdf) and high school transcript ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...hool_transcript.pdf) are credential documents and testimonials.
After passing matriculation exam, he joined Addis Ababa University (AAU) of Ethiopia in 1996 G.C to commence his undergraduate study. He chose Biology as his major field of study and chemistry as his minor in AAU. His courses covered basic and advanced studies that encompassed a broader scope of biological science, which addressed courses from cell to ecosystem. In his undergraduate study, he was a novel thinker of biological science. He is recognized as one of the best thinkers in most courses of biological science. His best performance in various biological, chemistry and common courses allowed him to win a scholarship award provided by the "Aklilu Lemma Foundation". Chemistry as his minor always adds value to him. He applies basic and advanced knowledge of chemistry in biology. The inclusion of chemistry as his minor field of study helped him to apply principles of chemistry in biological concepts. He graduated in 2000 G.C with a grade point average close to distinction (cumulative G.P.A of 3.23 out of 4.00 & Biology G.P.A of 3.58 out of 4.00). This success was a green light for him as he was ranked as the first best student of that batch. His two pages of B.Sc transcript and degree shown in the links; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...ranscript_page1.pdf and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...anscript_page_2.pdf and ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com.../ec/B.Sc_degree.pdf). He beliefs in cumulative G.P.A. But, major G.P.A is also important. The grading "A" to "F" is based on scale. Also he gives value to percentage though the percentage is not shown in his transcript, which is based on American grading system, that is, "A" to "F". Some people may have the same grade. But, they might have different achievement in terms of percentage. Two students having a mark of "90" and "80" may get "A" due to scale, but their knowledge for that course is different since there is difference in percentage. The cost of his undergraduate study like tuition fee, accommodation, living expense and others was covered by AAU via the fund budgeted by the Federal government of Ethiopia in every fiscal year. Immediately after graduation, his first job was a “High school Biology Teacher”. He was employed by the government through the "Ministry of Education" and a monthly salary was paid to him. He then switched to other job, “Junior researcher”, following employment by the Ethiopian Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and Research. He received a monthly salary throughout his stay in the institute. His contribution for the development of wetland science is worth mentioning at the institute. His focus on research about inundated lands emanated from the fact that wetlands have many use values and priority must be given for wetland conservation and management before loss of some of the country's wetlands. His priority was to document vegetation of wetlands to examine the diversity of wetland plants and habitat types in wetlands. Studying the vegetation of one representative wetland was his main concern to document the plant biodiversity before some endangered wetland plant species extinct. This intensive work of him has many applications in wetland conservation and management, formulating policy and legislation regarding wetlands and others. The study of the plant of this wetland has also other merits for "Plant Biologists" can use the result for reference. Biologists can identify wetland plant species by referring voucher plant specimens preserved in the national herbarium of Ethiopia during this study. He found two potential invasive species, namely, Hygrophila schulli and Xanthium strumarium while conducting the research. These two species invaded the wetland. Normally, most of the invasive species in Ethiopia are exotic. But, these are native invaders. He speculated that these two species may be promoted to "invasive species" since they are not registered as invasive species in the country although this needs further detailed studies. To promote these two species to invasive, there is a need of detailed study like their occurrence and status of invasion in other countries of the world including other researches. Scientific communities must come to consensus to promote this invasive species. Not only this, but also these species must fulfill other criteria, which characterizes invasive species. His research about this wetland was published in the “Ethiopian Journal of Natural Resources”( http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=ET2009000155). A proceeding was also fabricated (Proceeding of a workshop organized by Biological Society of Ethiopia). The presentation about this wetland research is accessible from; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com.../Inundated_land.pdf. He went to abroad and became beneficiary of short-term training conducted at the Jacob Blaustein Institute for desert research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel for one month in 2003 G.C. In a month stay in Israel, he attended various lectures about conservation of biodiversity in desert ecosystem. In particular, he conducted research about "the diversity of spiders in natural ecosystem and grape vineyard in Sede Boqer, Israel". His work had great contribution for application of spiders in biological control to control natural enemies, arthropod pests, in grape vineyard. Presentation accessible from ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...logical_control.pdf). The link ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...Sampling-spider.pdf) shows the sampling site. The cost for his short-term training was covered by MASHAV, Ministry of Foreign affairs, the state of Israel. A training certificate was issued to him ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...ing_certificate.pdf). After he returned from Israel, he traveled to the Netherlands to conduct his M.Sc study at Wageningen University of the Netherlands. He pursued his M.Sc study in Biology with specialization "Cell Biology". He was recipient of Wageningen University Fellowship. During his course work, he attended courses that are relevant for his field of study. In some of his course work, the practical part of his course has a strong relevance for science. For instance, his experiment about molecular interaction between rhizobium and the legume, Medicago trunculata is worth recalling. This work of him about "Rop GTPase genes" has great contribution for investigation about signal transduction aspects of Medicago-Rhizobium interaction. Besides, he is one of the pioneers who applied a modern high tech cloning technology named as "gate way cloning technology". He would say gate way cloning technology is the most difficult cloning technique.
He conducted his M.Sc thesis entitled "Investigation of Transcriptional Regulation of Halorespiration in Desulfitobacterium hafniense at the Laboratory of Microbiology, Bacterial Genetics Group, Wageningen University. During his M.Sc study, he discovered new transcriptional activators, namely, Cprk2 and Cprk4 and a new promoter DNA named dehalobox. Also he is the first person to contribute to further development of halorespiration using tools of bioinformatics. That contribution was published in his recent paper. Formerly, there existed five Cprk-like regulators in Desulfitobacterium hafniense. He computationally identified three additional Cprk-like regulators in Desulfitobacterium hafniense, which was not known before. These three putative regulators may attract experimentalists. The existence of Cprk-like regulators in Desulfitobacterium chlororespirans and Desulfitobacterium autotrophicum based on his computational study is also another promising thing. After publishing his research, he remarked that the research about halorespiration is not yet completed before halorespirers applied to degrade halogenated compounds to protect human death and ecosystem loss due to halogenated compounds. Human has no enzyme to degrade halocompounds. His thesis work contributed a lot for understanding the Molecular biology and Environmental Microbiology aspect of a newly discovered metabolic pathway named as halorespiration. His discovery work is published in the Journal of “Microbiology” ( https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/conte...mic.0.2008/021584-0) and “World Research Journal of Biochemistry” ( http://www.bioinfopublication.org/viewhtml.php?artid=BIA0000449). The presentation can be read from ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...Halorespiration.pdf and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...Halorespiration.pdf). This research about halorespiration can be reproduced using the following list of primers; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...ligonucleotides.pdf using the genomic DNA of Desulfitobacterium hafniense as a template. Interested people must read the published articles in detail to get full information on how to do each experiment. There is a need of detailed reading of the article and critical understanding to have a complete picture of the work. Everything is mentioned in the article. The article accessible from; http://www.bioinfopublication.org/viewhtml.php?artid=BIA0000449 is the best article. It is written in such a way that interested people will reproduce the work and launch halorespiration project. A strong background of molecular biology is needed to reproduce the work. The designed primer included GC clump, restriction site used for cloning and sequence that anneals to target region. Some codes are easy to read. For example, target region "Promoter CprK2_344" means the promoter dehalobox close to CprK2 in contig 344 and the regulator CprK2 binds to this promoter. Promoter upstream of the gene CprB1 is CprB1_344. And CprB1 is the gene encoding subunit of the biocatalyst. Interested people will screen weak and strong promoters and study the transcriptional activators;Cprk2 and CprK4. Promoter macA-313 is the promoter near to the gene related to chemotaxis. The amplified region to get the promoter includes the promoter dehalobox and flanking regions. No code shown for the regulatory genes cprk2 and cprK4 since there is no need of code. As part of the last Phase of his M.Sc study, he conducted an internship at the Ottawa hospital of Canada. His cost of living was covered by Ottawa Health Research Institute,Ontario, Ottawa, Canada. He demarcated early phase of mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation using marker genes. He discovered many genes and transcriptional regulators that are related to mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation. He studied the function of these genes and transcriptional factors. His work contributed a lot for enhancing understanding about molecular medicine aspect of stem cells. His discovery research is published in the Journal of "BMC genomics"( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1851713/). His presentation is accessible from; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...about_stem_cell.pdf. He received his M.Sc degree in Biology with specialization "Cell Biology" from Wageningen University in 2005 G.C. His M.Sc degree and transcript shown in the links;( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...M.Sc_degree.pdf.pdf) and ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...M.Sc_transcript.pdf). He came back to home, Ethiopia in 2006 G.C. And he served as a Lecturer of Biology at a newly established Ethiopian University named "Mizan Tepi University" after he returned from Canada. He had been paid throughout his stay in the university. As one of the pioneer lecturers of the university, he contributed a lot for the development of the university via offering lectures of Cell Biology, Genetics, Microscopy, Conservation of natural resources, Phycology and Research Methodology. He introduced a modernistic curriculum in the university to give insight to students about Molecular cell biology. After that he moved to the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. He worked as a researcher and received monthly salary there. Here he undertakes research about genetic diversity of crops like Coffea arabica. With regard to Coffee arabica, he has enormous contribution for resolving the challenge of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR)mining, published in the Journal of "Journal of Biotechnology letters” ( https://bioinfopublication.org/viewhtml.php?artid=BIA0001710), discovery of PCR inhibition, published in the Journal of "International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology”; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2...OF_COFFEE_GENOTYPES and consolidating the what is discovered before about microsatellite screening and additional insights in marker screening, published in the Journal of Insight Genetics ( http://www.insightknowledge.org/abstract.p...ENETICS-IK.2013.1.6). He gave presentation about this research ( https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...ee-Presentation.pdf and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...entation-coffee.pdf). Indeed the analyzed data of his coffee research after scoring and having a binary algebra data (0/1) is accessible from; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...shed_short_note.pdf. In his marker screening research published in the "Journal of Insight Genetics", the why of existence of more than expected number of microsatellite alleles provoked him to think further. According to Mendelian rules, diploid homozygous individuals have one allele and heterozygotes have two alleles at that locus. And tetraploid homozygous individuals have two alleles while heterozygous individuals have four alleles. But, he counted more than expected number of alleles in tetraploid Coffea arabica. The probable cause he suggested is that microstaellite evolution, crossing over during meiosis and tandem repeat duplication. That needs further investigation. The overall implication is that this research of him will contribute a lot for the development of Mendelian Genetics. Besides, he also observed increase in allele size relative to published sizes in some microsatellites and decrease and increase in number of alleles for some microsatellites relative to published number. Exceptions to mendelian rules has been increasing from time to time and Kagnew didn't say this contribution of him will be included in exception to mendel rules before the scientific community agrees. Kagnew is successful in his molecular characterization research. But, he encountered bottleneck regarding genetic diversity study of Ethiopian ginger as remarked in his short note; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Ginger-F.pdf. Ultimately, as per his capacity, he contributed many equations, theories, postulates and the like that are vital for the development of science. Kagnew in his life time took a number of examinations given at high school level, university level (undergraduate (B.Sc) and postgraduate (M.Sc)). He suffered a lot to cope up challenges of examinations offered in secondary and post-secondary education. The grades and marks are clearly shown in his transcripts. He took TOEFL in January 2007 G.C and GRE general test in October 2008 G.C (link for expired GRE score printed online from ETS website; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com..._printed_online.pdf). Besides, he took intrans exams set by institutes and universities for employment and other purpose. Also he took York English Language Test (YELT) in 2006 G.C in Toronto, Canada. He strongly beliefs in exams. As per his view, performance of students in exam is indicator of their potential to succeed in their field. Their performance indicates their knowledge for that course. He also prepared several exams while he was a teacher and lecturer. The way he evaluates his students is quite aspiring. He is known for preparing examination that covers a wealth of knowledge so that his students will be evaluated and different category of students exist. In his opinion, a student who passed his exam and scored high grade is diligent and knowledgeable. He sometimes gives speech to people about research. Few years before now, he gave presentation about research; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com...eminar-Research.pdf. "Google" also recognizes him and you can access his information from; https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei...FDfkQ4dUDCAY&uact=5
Information about Kagnew can be obtained from different websites shown below.
List of Websites containing Kagnew's publication
https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/arti...1186/1471-2164-8-85
http://www.bioinfopublication.org/viewhtml.php?artid=BIA0000449
http://www.bioinfopublication.org/viewhtml.php?artid=BIA0001710
https://insightknowledge.org/abstract.php?...ENETICS-IK.2013.1.6
https://www.ijbbku.com/assets/custom/journ...FEE%20genotypes.pdf
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/conte...mic.0.2008/021584-0
http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.d...02.xml;ET2009000155